Vocabularies

As has been pointed out already, the Negritos of Zambales seem to have lost entirely their own language and to have adopted that of the Christianized Zambal. A study of the vocabularies here given will show that in various sections of the province Zambal is to-day the language of the Negritos. Differences will be found, of course, in the dialects of regions which do not come much into contact with each other, and contact with other dialects creates different changes in different localities.

The chief difference between the Bolinao dialect and that of the region south is the substitution of the letter “r” in the former for “l”; as “arong” for “along,” nose; “dira” for “dila,” tongue. Yet not a few words are entirely different. These differences may arise from the use of synonyms or from misinformation, as I was able to take the Bolinao vocabulary from only two individuals. This dialect is spoken in the towns of Bolinao, Anda, Bani, and Zaragoza, although I am informed that there are even slight differences in the speech of the people of some of these towns. The towns from Infanta to Iba have the second dialect.

When the Aeta element enters the differences become more apparent, although the relationship between the differing words may often be seen; for instance, “sabot,” hair, becomes “habot;” “along,” nose, becomes “balongo.” But the number of words which bear no relationship is greater than in the case of the first two dialects. It is possible that here we find traces of an original Negrito language, but I believe that all these words can be traced to Malay roots. It will be noticed also that the two following vocabularies taken from Negritos at Santa Fé and Subig do not differ materially from the Zambal-Aeta—in fact, they may be regarded as identical.

The writer can not vouch for the vocabularies from Bataan and Bulacan, but gives them for the sake of comparison. The words collected by Montano are mostly Tagalog and differ somewhat from Cooke’s. The latter states that he verified his seven times. The two sets are probably from different parts of the province. The Dumagat vocabulary from Bulacan Province, while offering greater differences, is plainly of Malay origin like all the others.

English Zambal of Bolinao Zambal of Iba Zambal—Aeta Aeta of Santa Fé Aeta of Subig Aeta, Bataan Province Dumagat, Bulacan Province

Man la-la′-ki la-la′-ki la-la′-ki la-la′-ki ya′-ki la-la-ke′* ta′-nun-gu′-bat

Woman ba-bay′-e ba-bay′-e ba-bay′-e ba-bay′-e ba-bay′-e ba-bay′-e* mow′-na

Father a′-ma a′-ma a′-ma ba′-pa ba′-pa ba′-pa, ama*

Mother i′-na i′-na na′-na in′-do in′-do in′do, inang*

Brother bu′-sat ta-la-sa′-ka pa′-tel ka-pa-tel ka′-ka, kapatid*

Sister bu′-sat ta-la-sa′-ka pa′-tel ka-pa-tel o-pa-tel′, kapatid*

Uncle ba′-pa ba′-pa ba′-pa da′-ra ale′*

Aunt da′-da da′-ra in′-do da′-ra mama*

Son a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak* anak

Daughter a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak a′-nak* anak na mowna

Head o′-ro o′-lo o′-lo o′-lo la′-bo o′-o, ulo* pun′-tuk

Hair sa-bot′ sa-bot′ ha-bot′ ha-bot′ ha-bot′ la-buk′, bohoc*

Mouth bo-bo′-y bo-bo′-y bo-bo′-y bo-bo′-y bo-bo′-y ba-lu′-go, bebec* un′-suk

Eye ma′-ta ma′-ta ma′-ta ma′-ta ma′-ta ma′-ta*

Nose a′-rong a′-long ba-loñg′-o ba-long′-o ba-long′-o ba-tong′, ilong* an-gut

Teeth ni′-pen ni′-pen ni′-pin n-i′-pen ni′-pen nil-pul ni′-pon

Tongue di′-ra di′-la di′-la di′-la di′-la gi′-lo

Ear to-tor′-yan to-tol′-yan tu′-li tu′-li to′-ok tu′-uk, taenga* ta-ling′-a

Arm ta-ki-ay′ ta-ki-ay′ ta-ki-ay′ ta-ki-ay′ ta-ki-ay′ tu-ki-ay′, camay* co-mot′

Leg pa′-a pa′-a pa′-a pa′-a pa′-a pam′-pa, paa′ pa′-a

Chest ke-rep′ ke-lep′ nib′-nib nib′-nib dub′-dub dub′-dub, debdeb* dib′-dib

Back gu-rot′ bo-kot′ bo-kot′ bo-kot′ li′-kul

Foot ay′-e ay′-e bi′-ti bi′-ti ta-lim-pa-pa′-kan ta-lan-pa′-kin

Hand ga′-met ga′-met ga′-met ga′-met ga′-met a′-ma-kam′-a-ha

Finger ga-ra-may′-e ga-la-may′-e ga-la-may′-e ga-la-may′-e da-le′-di da-li-ri, dalin*

Earth lu′-ta lu′-ta lu′-ta lu-ta lu′-ta lul-ta pu′-tok

Sky rañg′-it lañg-it lañg′-it lang′-it lang′-it lang′-ot

Sun au′-ro au′-lo al′-lo al′-lo al′-lo u′-lo a-da′-o

Moon bu′-ran bu′-lan bu′-an bu′-an bu′-yan ina-tal′-lung

Star bi-tu′-un bi-tu′-un bi-tu′-in bi′-tu-in bi′-tu-in ba′-tu-in bu′-ta-tul′-ya

Cloud re′-rem a-la-pa′-ap da′-yim lo′-om ta′-la u′-wip

Rain ra′-peg a-ba-gat′ u′-ran u′-ran a-ba′-gat ulan*

Thunder ko′-dor cu′-rol ku′-rol ki′-lot da-ug-dug′

Lightning ki′-mat ki′-mat ki′-mat ki′-mat ma-la′-wut

Water ra′-nom la′-nom la′-nom la′-nom la′-num la′-num, tubig* o′-rat

Fire a-po′-y a-po′-y a-po′-y a′-po-y a′-po-y a′-po-y* a′-po-y

White ma-pu′-ti ma-pu′-ti ma-pu′-ti ma-pu′-ti ma-pu′-ti maputi* ma-lup′-say

Black mañg-i′-sit mañg-í′-tit mañg-i′-tit mang-i′-tit ma′-o-lin maltim* mal-a-ton′

Red ma-o-dit′ ma-ti-bi′-a ma-o-rit′ ma-o-rit′ mapula* mat-la

Yellow ma-sil-ya′-o ma-hol-ya′-o ma-hol-ya′-o ma-hol-ya′-o sa-la-kut′

Cooked rice ka′-nen ka′-nen ka′-nin ka′-un ka′-nen

Uncooked rice bu′-yas bu′-yas bu′-ya bu′-ya bu′-ya bigas* a′-moy

Day au′-ro au′-lo al′-lo al′-lo al′-lo u′-lo adio

Night ya′-bi ya′-bi ya′-bi ya′-bi ya′-bi du′-mong

Cold ma-ra-yep′ ma-la-yep′ ma-la-yip′ mal-a-yep′ mal-a-yep′ ma-lam′-ig, maginao* mag′-id-non

Hot ma-mot′ ma-mot′ ma-mot′ ma-o-mot′ ma-o-mot′ may-a-nit′

Large a-la-ki′ ma-hi-ban′ mal-hay′ mal-hay′ mal-hay′ hun′-ga

Small da-i-te′ ma-ca-lug′ may-a′-mo may-a-mo′ may-a-mo′ ma-sa-ninp′

Good ma-ong′ la′-bas ma′-ham-pat′ ma-ham′-pat ma-ham′-pat ma-sam′-pat

Bad ma-ra-yet′ ma-la-yet′ ma-la-yit′ ma-la-yit′ ma-la-yit′ ma-lot′

Rich may-a-man′ may-a-man′ may-a-man′ may-a-man′ may-a-man′ may-a-man′

Poor ma-i-dap′ ma-i-rap′ ma-i-rap′ ma-i-rap′ ma′-i-rap′

Sick ma-sa-kit′ ma-sa-kit′ ma-ha-kit′ ma-ha-kit′ ma-in-ha′-kit teoram

Dead na′-ti na′-ti na′-ti na′-ti na′-ti nalebon

Here i′-ti i′-ti a-ka-lung′-un bi-er′-i a-ri′-di dian

There i′-sen i′-sen ba′-hen bay′-hen a-ri′-do dedeyaya

No ka′-i ka′-i a′-he a′-he a′-he ayaw* ayenok

Yes ó ya a′-o a′-o a-o o-o′* abu-kogid

To sleep ma′-rek ma′-lek ma-to-lo′-i ma-to-lo′-i ma-to-lo′-i matulog* napediak

To jump ru-mok′-zo lu-mok′-zo mi-tok-tok-pa′-o mag-tok-pa′-o lu-mo′-ko lemokso lumowat

To run mo-ray′-o mo-lay′-o may′-o may′-o may′-o takumbao* gumekan

To fight mi-a-wa′-y, raban la′-ban mi-a-wa′-y mi-awa′-y ina-ki′-a-wa′-y sullo-sum-to-yan

To eat mañg′-an mañg′-an mañg′-an mañg′-an mañg-an caïn* mumungan

To drink mi′-nom mi′-nom mi′-nom mi′-nom mi′-nom minum* neniomok

Tree ka′-yo kay′-yo kay′-yo kay′-yo kay′-yo ka-hoy* kayo

Mountain ba′-ker ba′-kil ba′-kil ba′-kil ba′-kil bu′-kil

River i′-log i′-lug ka-bu-la-san′ ba′-la sa′-num

Stone ba′-to ba′-to ba′-to ba′-to ba′-to ba-to*

Grass di′-kot di′-kot di′-kot di′-kot di′-kot

Dog a′-so a′-so a′-ho a′-ho

Rooster ma-nuk′ ma-nook′ ma-nook′ ma-nok′ ma-nook′

Hen o′-pa tu′-a tu′-a

One sa′-ya a′-sa mi′-ha mi′-ha mi′-ha isa isin

Two ru′-a lu′-a lu′-a lu′-a lu′-a delawa* adua

Three ta′-ro to′-lo tat′-lo tat′-lo tat′-lo tatlo* telewan

Four a′-pat a′-pat a′-pat a′-pat a′-pat apat*

Five ri′-ma li′-ma li′-ma li′-ma li′-ma lima*

Six a′-nem a′-nem a′-nam a′-nem a′-nem anem*

Seven pi′-to pi′-to pi′-to pi′-to pi′-to pito*

Eight ca′-ro ca′-lo ca′-lo oa′-lo oa′-lo oalo*

Nine si′-am si′-am si′-am si′-am si-am siam*

Ten ma-pu′-ro ma-po′-lo ma′-po ma,-po ham′-po sampo* isin-a-mapolo

Eleven la′-bin-sa′-ya la′-bin-a′-sa la′-bin-mi′-ha la′-bin-mi-ha la′-bin-mi′-ha isin-a-mopolo-a-isin

Twelve la′-bin-ru′-a la′-bin-lu′-a la′-bin-lu′-a la′-bin-lu′-a la-bin-lu′-a isin-o-mopolo-adua

Thirteen la′-bin-ta′-ro la′-bin-to′-lo la′-bin-tat′-lo la′-bin-tat′-lo la-bin-tat′-lo

Fourteen la′-bin-a′-pat la′-bin-a′-pat lal-bin-a′-pat la′-bin-a′-pat la-bin-a′-pat

Twenty ru′-an-pu′-ro lu′-am-po′-lo lu-am′-po lu-am′-po lu-am′-pa aduamapolo

Twenty-one rul-an-pu′-ro-sa′-ya lu′-am-po′-lo-a′-sa lu-am-po-mi′-ha lu-am′-po-mi′-ha lu-am′-po-mi′-ba

Thirty ta-ron-pu′-ro to′-lom-po′-lo tat-lom-po′ tat-lom′-po tat-lom′-po

Forty a′-pat-a-pu′-ro a′-pat-a-po′-lo a′-pat-a-po′ a′-pat-a-po′ a′-pat-a-po′

One hundred san-ya′-sot say-a-tos′ mi′-hun-ga′-to mi-hun-ga′-to ma-ga′-to sandaan* isinadian

I si′-ko si′-ko hi′-ko hi′-co a′-co*

You si′-ka kay′-o kay′-o hi′-ca icao

He si-tao′ hi′-a

We si-ka′-mi hi-ta′-mo hi-ta′-mo

They sa′-ra hi′-la hi′-la

Our i′-ko-mi i-kun′-ta-mo i-kun-ta′-mo

My i-kon′-ko i-kon′-ko i-kon′-ko

Near a′-dam ma-ra′-mi ma-ra′-mi

Far a-day′-o ma-day′-yo ma-ro′-yo

The words marked (*) were taken from Montano’s vocabulary in his Mission aux Philippines. The others were collected by C. J. Cooke, MS. of The Ethnological Survey, and E. J. Simons, MS. of The Ethnological Survey.