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Mythology among the Hebrews and Its Historical Development

INDEX.

R. (Russell) Martineau translation

Aaron, grave of, 280–282

ʿAbd Duhmân, 73

Abel a herdsman, 110;

his grave (according to Mohammedan tradition) at Ṣâliḥiyyâ, suburb of Damascus, 280;

figure of the Dark Sky, 111;

Jabal another form of the same, 111–2

Abraham denotes the Heaven at Night, 32;

myth of his sacrifice of Isaac, 45–47;

his journey to Egypt on account of a famine, when Jahveh plagued Pharaoh—a type of the later residence in Egypt, 275;

his grave at Hebron, 278–280;

at Berze near Damascus, 280

Abram (‘High Father’) originally denoted Heaven, 91;

changed into Abraham, 230

Abram and Jacob, mythical ideas connected with these names not quite obsolete, 229

Adam, grave of (according to Mohammedan tradition), on Mt. Abû Ḳu-beys, 280

Agâdâ contains mythology, 29–32;

but must be used with caution, 32–34;

a hermeneutic law of the A., that ‘the intensity of a word’s sense increases with the enlargement of its form,’ 339;

etymologies in A., 337;

given even in opposition to others in the Bible, 339

Agni, ‘fire’ and ‘God of fire,’ 367–8, 382, 386–9;

hidden, and brought back by Mâtariśvan, 369–70

Agricultural civilisation, speculation on, 211–14

Agriculture, Fall of man connected with, 87

Agriculturists love the Day and the Sun, 58–60;

refer the arts of civilisation to the Sun, 202

Akra (Gold Coast), people of, identify God with clouds, 224

ʿAlî b. Jaʿfar al-Razî wrote a book on the graves of the Patriarchs at Hebron, 279

Allâh, idea of, similar to that of Jahveh, 290–1

Amnon’s liaison with Tamar, its mythical element, 181–2

Ancestors, originally mythical figures, 229, 254, 257

Aṅgiras, mythical family of, connected with Agni, 371–2

Anschauung (Conception), 377

ʿAntar, the black hero, compared with the Night, 147–8

Apperception, 376

Aptûchos, of Cyrene, identical with Jephthah, 104

Arabian children educated in the tents of Bedâwî, 88

Arabs travel by night, 56;

proud of Nomadism, 79 et seqq.;

their poetry always conveys the scenery of the desert, 84–8

Archer who shot an apple from his son’s head, a Teutonic legend, 442

Aryan gods, their names date from the original unity, proved by Kuhn, 363–4

Ascension to heaven, characteristic of Solar heroes, 127

Ash-tree of the world, in the sky, 366

Asher is the ‘Marching’ (the Sun), 120–2;

his grave (according to Mohammedan tradition), at Kafarmandâ, 280

Ashêrâ, the ‘Marching,’ consort of Asher (and therefore the Moon), 122–3, 158

Ass, called from his red colour, 181

Ass’s Jawbone, used as a weapon by Samson;

originally name of a locality, 400;

similar to Onugnathos in Lakonia, 400–1;

denotes the Lightning, and is therefore thrown, 402

Assyria and Babylon exerted an intellectual influence on the Hebrews during the Captivity, 319

Assyrian poetry, very similar to the Hebrew Psalms, 318

Assyrians have gradations of authority among gods as among men, 267

Aztecs adopted Toltec civilisation, 236

Babel (Babylon), confusion of tongues at, story of, arose at Babylon, 330–1, 335

Babylon and Assyria exerted an intellectual influence on the Hebrews during the Captivity, 319

Babylonian story of the Creation, very similar to the Hebrew, 323

Baghirmi, people in Central Africa, identify God with the Storm, 224

Balaam (Bilʿâm) as interpreted in the Agâdâ, 33–4

Barak, ‘Lightning,’ is made a national hero, 256;

the Judge (Lightning), 430

Bedâwî, their Sun-worship, 72;

they are regarded as the true Arabs, 82–4;

they regard God as a great Chief or Sheykh, 266

Bedouins. See Bedâwî

Bel, in the Louvre, with ox-horns on his tiara, 179

Benjamin, ‘Son of the right side,’ 176;

his sons’ names, their origin given in the Agâdâ on etymological grounds, 337;

a similar story in Arabic, 339

Bernstein’s theory on the differentiation of the legends between North and South, 286

Bhṛgu-s, same as Phlegyans, Lightning, 372–3;

the first man, 389

Bilhah, a Solar figure, loves or marries Jacob and Reuben, figures of Night, 171–3

Bird, denotes Lightning, 384

Black, the colour of Night, 146–9

Bochica, Solar hero of the Muyscas, author of civilisation, 204–5

Bunsen confounds religion and mythology, 12;

does not admit any Hebrew mythology, 12–13

Cain, with Abel, 110–2;

the ‘Smith,’ 113, and so in the Myth of Civilisation, 213–4, 217;

Solar hero, 113–4, 126–7;

his descendants Solar, 126 et seqq.;

progenitor of the human race, 210;

grave of (according to Mohammedan tradition), at Ṣâliḥiyyâ, suburb of Damascus, 280;

called in Arabic Ḳâbil in assonance to Hâbil, according to a frequent practice, 347–9;

although the name Ḳâyin is also known, 349

Calabar legend of the first human pair, 87

Canaan is cursed for Ham’s fault, 255;

his grave (according to Mohammedan tradition), near Hebron, 280

Cats draw Freyja’s car, 342

Cat-worship of the Egyptians, Solar, 342

Caves in Canaan, traditions relating to, 278

Cherub perhaps denotes the Covering Cloud, and is of Hebrew origin, 196–7

Chiun. See Kiyyûn

Chrysoros the ‘Opener,’ hero of the Myth of Civilisation, 216–7

Civilisation, Myth of, 198 et seqq.

refers the higher civilisation to the Sun, 200–6

Clouds, forms and names of, 163–5;

clouds groaning, 164,

weeping, 165;

worshiped by nomadic Hebrews, 227;

mythologically called ‘Heights of the Sea,’ 426, 443

Clouds and Serpents, Hebrew observers of, 227–8

Coalescence of psychological Motions or Combinations, 375

Colours only imperfectly distinguished and expressed in the mythic age, 141–155

Combination of psychological elements, 375

Comparative Mythology not limited by distinctions of race, 9

Conception (Anschauung), 377

Concubines in mythology are of opposite natures to their men, 158

Confusion of tongues at Babel (Babylon), story of, arose at Babylon, 330–1, 335

Conquered impose their superior civilisation on their conquerors, 236–40

Cow in mythology denotes the Sun, 343–4

Creation, Hebrew story of, conceived at Babylon, 323–6;

established the Sabbath on a new basis, 324;

Babylonian story very similar, 323

Creator, idea of a, essential conception of Jahveh, 299

Crocodile, mythologically identical with the Sun, worshiped in Egypt, 342–3

Ćyavana, son of Bhṛgu, is Lightning, 372–3, 391

Dagon, ‘Fish,’ Solar god of civilisation, 215

Dan, the ‘Moving,’ the Sun, 123–4

Darkness expressed by words meaning ‘to Cover,’ 190–4

Darkness and Blackness associated, 147–9

David’s story has features belonging to the Solar Myth:

redness, beautiful eyes, throws stones, 109;

he kills Goliath as Thor kills Hrungnir, 430

Dawn and Sunset expressed by the same words, 43

Dawn flies, or is a bird, 116;

the name denotes ‘moving,’ 120;

it is in Aramaic ṣafrâ (Arab, aṣfar), ‘golden,’ 150–1;

its colour saffron, 152;

changes from red to white, 152;

or from white to red, 153

Dawn (or the Sun) is called the ‘Uncoverer,’ 194

Day called ‘red,’ 146;

‘white,’ 153–4;

loved by Agriculturists, 58, 60

Deborah, the ‘Bee,’ i.e. the Rain-cloud, 430

Delîlâ, loved by Samson, 405;

meaning of her name, 405, 406 note

Deluge, Biblical story of the, 319;

Assyrian very similar, 320;

Hebrews must have borrowed it from Babylonians, 320–2;

Greek, Indian, and Persian stories of, not very ancient, 319–20

Deuteronomy, expresses a compromise between Priests and Prophets with a leaning towards the Prophets, 307–8

Differentiation of Hebrew national legends after the political separation, 275–87

Dinah, the ‘Moving,’ i.e. the Sun, 123–5

Dionysus strikes wine and water out of the rock, as a Solar hero, 429;

called Liknites, ‘in a cradle,’ 389

Divine names, Hebrew and Phenician, 246–7

Division of the kingdom, 275–7

Dragon (Serpent) denotes Rain, 224–6

Dragon of the Storm, Semitic, 423;

and see Rahabh

Dual deities, male and female, among Semites, 16

Dualism in sexual connections, 182

Dualism, religious, occurs in savage tribes as well as in Îrân, 15

Dyu, nom. Dyaus, 67

Easter, heathen goddess, 431

Eden, story of, arose at Babylon, 324–6;

‘Garden of Eden’ denotes a pleasure-garden in Joel before the Captivity, 325, but has a fuller meaning to the Prophets of the Captivity, 325–6

Edom, the ‘Red,’ solar epithet, 209;

subsequently called Esau, the ‘Worker,’ 214, 217

Elijah, Solar hero, produces drought, 167–8;

a typical Jahveist, 305–6;

precursor of the great Day of Jahveh, 271–2

Elôhîm, originally polytheistic, but became monotheistic, 270–1;

idea of Elôhîm opposed by Jahveistic Prophets, 297–8

Elôhîm or Êl, names compounded with, and similar ones compounded with Jahveh, 292–3

Elohistic documents Jahveistic in character, only using ‘Elôhîm’ for the Patriarchal age, 313

Elohistic writings subsequent to the compromise with Jahveism, their piety, 314–5

Enoch, Solar hero, 127–8

Ephraim, a geographical name derived from Ephrâth (Beth-lehem), 175, 283–5

Esau, hairy, signifies the Sun with his rays, 136–8;

red, 139–40

Etymologising in legends, secondary and not original, 331–5;

yet fables are invented to account for names, 332;

etymologies assigned which are quite unsatisfactory, 333–4

Euhemerus, his system of mythology, regarding gods as human promoters of civilisation deified by posterity out of gratitude, 201

Eve, or the ‘Circulating,’ an epithet of the Sun, 210;

grave of (according to Mohammedan tradition), at Jeddâ, 280

Exodus, story of, contains mythic elements, 23, 28

Eye, an image of the Sun, 106–10

Ezekiel, prophet of the compromise between Priests and Prophets in the Captivity, 307, 317

Fall of man connected with Agriculture, 87

Feronia (like Phoroneus) originally a Lightning-bird, 385, 428

Figurative language conceals myths, 26–7

Figures of speech, apparent, often preserve something historical, 29

Fire, given by nature, 365;

produced by boring, 366, 380–1;

observed in the sky, which was believed to be the origin of the earthly fire, 366

Fire-myth analysed, 376–82

Foxes, represent Solar heat, 398;

Samson tied firebrands to their tails and sent them into the Philistines’ corn, 398;

similar Roman usages, 398

Fratricide accompanies mythical founding of cities, 113

Freyja, her car drawn by Cats, 342;

converted in Christian times into Virgin Mary, 431–2

Gad, like Jupiter, the star of Fortune, 176

Gaza, gates of, carried off by Samson, a disguised myth of a descent to the nether-world, 403–4

Gazelle, designation of the rising sun, 178–9

Gazelles, golden, at Kaʿbâ at Mekka, 178

Geiger, L., his researches on the faculty of distinguishing colours, 141

Gender-distinctions in nouns, supposed by Bleek to encourage formation of mythology, 2–3

Genealogies invented through national hatred, 358–9;

concocted by national pride or for other reasons, 357–8

George, Saint, kills a dragon—a general Aryan Myth, 431

German gods’ names preserved in names of days of the week, 431

German heathen practices in Christian times, 430–2

Getube, in an Ojibwa legend, has twelve children, 174

Gideon, the ‘Smasher,’ is made a National hero, 256

Gold, called sulphur-coloured and red, 142–4

Greeks love Agricultural life, 80;

preserve traces of Nomadism, 70–1

Gynaeocracy, 76

Hagar, the ‘Flying,’ i.e. the Sun, 119

Haggai expresses the compromise between Priests and Prophets, 308

Hair in mythology denotes Rays of sun or moon, 137–40

Hajnal, ‘dawn,’ in Hungarian, denoted originally ‘white,’ 351

Ham is made ancestor of the Canaanites, 255;

his grave (according to Mohammedan tradition), in the district of Damascus, 280

Hamor, father of Shechem, called ‘Ass’ from the red colour, which is Solar, 181

Heaven, called the ‘High’ in the Semitic languages, 91

Hebrew Mythology became Jahveistic, 433–4;

its existence denied by Bunsen, 12–3

Hebrew Myths did not grow into religion, 248–9;

but generally became history, 249, 255

Hebrew national consciousness, its effect on the Myth, 251–4

Hebrew national individuality aroused, 259

Hebrew political centralisation confirmed Monotheism, 268

Hebrews (ʿIbhrîm), the ‘Wanderers,’ 53;

show sympathy with Shepherds as against Agriculturists, 86–7;

adored the Serpent in the Desert, 226;

adopted the Solar religion of Canaan, 227, 240–2;

their history begins with the conquest of Canaan, 232;

remained Nomads some time after leaving Egypt, 232;

abandoned Nomadism on passing the Jordan, 233;

took social and political institutions from the Phenicians, 242;

forgot the fact of their original polytheism and set

back the origin of Jahveism to Abraham or even Adam, 433;

compared but did not identify heroes with the Sun, 443

Hebron, legends of the Patriarchs localised at, 278–80;

therefore chosen by David for his residence, 280

Heimdall (the Sun) has the point of his horn in Niflheim, 179

Helios converted by Modern Greeks into Ilias (Elijah), 128

Hephaestos originally identical with Prometheus and Agni, 390

Herakles, original Aryan Sun-god, 417;

he kills a lion, 395–6, 399,

a feature which appears to be borrowed from the Semites (the Aryan Sun-god kills a Dragon), 418;

as also the story of Foxes with firebrands attached to their tails, 419;

he dies, but Iolaus wakes him to new life on Olympos, 446

Heroic age, in Book of Judges, contains mythology, 20–1

Hind, a designation of the rising sun, 178–9

History, mythic features attach themselves to, 22–3

Honey, in Samson’s riddle, 394–7

Horns denote the Sun’s rays, 179

Horváth and Vörösmarty’s Hungarian Myths, 252

Hûd, prophet, his grave (according to Mohammedan tradition), 283

Huythaca, ‘the Moon,’ wife of Bochica, Solar hero of the Muyscas, whom she opposes in his promotion of civilisation, 204

Hyksôs adopted Egyptian culture, 236

Ichneumon, mythologically representing the Night, worshiped in Fayûm, 343

Idea (Vorstellung), 377

Ife, a town of the gods of the Yorubas, 100

Immortality, belief in, characterised the Jahveistic Prophets, 305

Indians, traces of Nomadic myths among, 67–70

Interlacing of psychological Combinations, 376

Iokaste, the ‘Evening-glow,’ mother and wife of Oedipus, 187

Îrân, traces of Nomadism in, 68–9

Iranian (Persian) theological ideas influence the Hebrews in and after the Captivity, 326–9

Irej, ancestor of the Iranians, his sufferings a type of the subjugation of his race, 258

Isaac, the ‘Laugher,’ originally the Sun, 92–96;

myth of the sacrifice of, 45–7, 104–6;

his grave at Hebron, 278–9

Isâf and Nâʾilâ, two Arabian idols (Soil and Rain), 182–3

Isaiah, the second, the Prophet of the Captivity, 307

Isis, the horned, 179

Islâm not favourable to Nomadism, 86

Israel, i.e. the Hebrew nation, created by Jahveh, 299

Issachar, called an Ass, a Solar figure, 177 note, 181

Istar, Babylonian goddess, is the Moon, 158–9

Jacob, the ‘Follower,’ i.e. the Night, the Dark Sky, 97;

fights with a man who cannot conquer him (the Dawn), 140;

struggles with Laban, ‘White,’ and Esau, ‘Red’ (Solar figures), 133–5, 140–1, 156;

his name changed to Israel, 230;

identified with Israel, 256;

his grave at Hebron, 278–9

Jacob’s Blessing (Gen. XLIX.) contains remains of descriptions of mythical figures, 177

Jacob’s family, the Moon and Stars, 173;

his twelve sons were not originally named, 174;

some belong to the original myth, 175;

some names are later, ethnographical or geographical, 175

Jael, ‘Wild Goat,’ i.e. Cloud, 430;

is made a national hero, 256

Jahveh, the specially Hebrew name of God (Elôhîm being used by the Canaanites), its origin in the idea of Nationality, 272;

idea of, 290;

Mohammedan idea of Allâh similar, 290–1;

name Jahveh known before the Separation, 292;

the idea first introduced by the Prophets, 294–9;

indicates a Creator, 299–301;

‘I am who I am,’ 300–1;

National God of the Hebrews, 301;

who hated foreign vice, 303–4;

but also cosmopolitan, 302–3;

not an esoteric religion, 304–5;

friendly to both North and South and favourable to their reunion, 305–8

Jahveh, names compounded with, and similar ones compounded with Elôhîm (Êl), 292–3

Jahveism reforms ancient legends for moral ends, 312;

adopted by the sacerdotal party in the Captivity through a compromise effected with the Prophets, 307–8;

came to be supposed to be primitive, 433

Jahveistic documents show a very thorough-going Jahveism, 313;

their peculiar prophetic phraseology, 314

Janus, connected with navigation, 102;

has one bearded and one smooth face, 137

Japanese Myths of Civilisation, 207

Japheth. See Jepheth

Jawbone, used by Samson. See Ass’s Jawbone

Jelâl al-Dîn al-Suyûtî, his Kitâb al-awâʾil, 212

Jemshîd, Solar hero, author of Iranian Civilisation, 202–3;

establishes castes, 203;

is brought to ruin by Zohak, 203

Jepheth, a Solar figure, 132

Jephthah, myth of his killing his daughter, 96–7;

his name mythical, its meaning, 97, 104

Joktan, denotes the Sedentary people, 54

Jonah, features of the Solar myth attached to him, 102

Joseph (the Rain), born of Rachel (the Cloud), 166, 175;

his contest with Zalîchah, 168;

with his brothers the Possessors of arrows, i.e. the Sun’s rays, 168–9;

his bow is the Rainbow, 169–70;

his story was worked out by the Northerns in his favour against the Southerns with their Judah, 285–6;

taken by the Northerns as their hero and ancestor at the separation, 278

Jubal, Solar hero, inventor of music, 130

Judah, his connexion with Tamar, a Solar legend, of Sun and Fruit, 180–2;

an ethnographical name, 175, 179–83

Judges (Shôpheṭîm), Hebrew, legends of, suffered no theocratic transformation, 287–8;

were preserved mainly in the Northern kingdom, 289

Judges, Phenician magistrates (Suffetes), 242–5

Ḳâbil and Hâbil, Arabic for Cain and Abel, 347–9

Kâfir, ‘Infidel,’ its original meaning, 193

Kalypso and Kalyke, the ‘Covering Night,’ 192

Kenite origin of name Jahveh asserted by Tiele, 293

Khitem dynasty adopted Chinese civilisation, 236

Kiyyûn (Chiun), the star, worship of, by the Hebrews, 220

Kuhn’s Herabkunft des Feuers reviewed by Steinthal, 363

Kulyatu, Solar hero of the Voguls and author of Civilisation, 207

Kutub al-awâʾil, ‘Libri Principiorum,’ 212

Ḳuzaḥ, Semitic (Arabic) Cloud-god, 73–4, 423

Lamb, white (a Cloud), adored by the Arabs, 223

Lamech. See Lemech

Laughter, words denoting, originally meant to ‘shine bright,’ 93;

of the morning or the sun and the stars, 94–6

Leah, the ‘Weary,’ is the Night when the sun is weary, 162

Legends, Hebrew, affected by the political separation of North and South, 277–89

Lemech (Lamech), Solar hero, kills his son, 129

Lengthened forms of words have greater intensity of meaning than simple, according to the Agâdâ, 340

Lenormant claims Mythology for the Semites, 11

Levi, ‘Serpent,’ i.e. Rain, 183–7

Leviathan (livyâthân), ‘Serpent,’ either Lightning or Rain, 184–6;

Storm-Dragon, 423, 425

Levites oppose the Solar worship of the Golden Bull, 226

Leviticus, Book of, expresses the compromise between Priests and Prophets, with a leaning towards the Priests, 308

Life, treated in mythology as identical with fire, 367, 371

Lightning, identified with a bird—eagle, hawk, or woodpecker, 366;

which again might be transformed into a tree—rowan, ash, 366–7

Lightning-Bird represents both Fire and Man, 366, 368, 384–6, 389

Lion, Semitic symbol of Summer-heat, 396–7

Livyâthân. See Leviathan

Localisation of myths, 278–85

Loḳmân, identified with Balaam, 33, 34 note 100

Longevity, characteristic of Solar heroes, 356;

and therefore of Noah to the Arabs and Ethiopians, 356–7

Lot, ‘Night,’ and his daughters, a Solar myth, 189–95

Lot’s daughters denote the Glow of morning or evening, 194;

their names, 194–5;

they are made mothers of Moab and Ammon, 254

Love, especially incest, common in mythology, 187

Malachi, expresses the compromise between Priests and Prophets, 308

Mama Oello and Manco Copac, sons of the Sun, teachers of civilisation in Peru, 208

Manchu dynasty adopted Chinese civilisation, 236

Manco Copac and Mama Oello, sons of the Sun, teachers of civilisation in Peru, 208

Manna reminds us of the Nectar and Mead of the gods, 429

Mary, the Virgin, succeeds in Christian times to the functions of Freyja, Holda and Bertha, 431–2, 443

Mâtariśvan brings back Agni or fire to men, 369;

is identical with Prometheus, 370–3

Meʿônenîm and menachashîm, 227

Mexican Solar and Lunar Chronology, 65

Milcah is the Moon, 158

Milk and honey, characteristic of a Solar land, 28–9

Moḥammed approved the Nomadic life of shepherds, 81

Mohammedans, how they transformed foreign legends, 354–6

Monotheism favourable to the growth of science, according to Lange and Comte, against Renan, 6–7;

exclusive, and prompted by the Hebrew National spirit, 269;

supposed to be primeval and to have preceded Polytheism—an untenable proposition, 261, 421;

supposed to have been given by Divine revelation—untenable, 420

Monotheistic ‘Instinct,’ refuted by the example of the Semites, 260

Moon, worship of, earlier than Sun-worship, 71–6;

three phases, 204–6;

turns red (châphar) through shame, 351–2

Moon-goddess, her names, 158–60

Moorish architecture derived from life in the Desert, 85

Mormons speak of God as the great ‘President,’ 266

Moses, in the myth, resembles Prometheus, 23, 391–2;

is like a Sun-god in general, 428–9;

has horns, denoting a nimbus of rays, 179;

is put in the water in a chest when an infant like Perseus, etc., 428;

kills an Egyptian and flies, like a Solar hero, 429;

stretches his hand with the staff over the sea (originally the sea of Clouds) and divides it, 429;

his grave, 281–2

Motion, psychological term, 375

Müller, J.G., of Basle, thinks the Hebrews originally spoke a distinct language, and afterwards adopted that of Canaan, 239–40

Music invented by Solar heroes, 130

Muyscas of Bogotà, their Myth of Civilisation, 204–5

Myth, its beginning and its end, 50;

prior to Religion, 51

Mythical names not used as human names, 229

Mythological faith and worship still live as superstition etc., 364

Mythology, precursor of Religion, not itself religion, 5;

common to all mankind, 10;

begins with perception and description of physical phenomena, 39;

is transformed into allegory when the original meaning of the names is forgotten, 39;

turns into Religion, 218 et seqq.;

and must produce Polytheism, 262;

denied by Bunsen to the Hebrews, 12–3

Myths represent the daily phenomena of nature, 14;

outlive the stage of Civilisation which produced them, 77 et seqq.;

are interpreted in a theocratic sense, of pious servants of God, 273;

do not interest the Prophets, 309–10;

are converted from a polytheistic to a monotheistic form, 420

Names of persons preserve myths, 24–5

Naphtali, ‘with plaited locks,’ denotes the Dawn, 178–9;

grave of (according to Mohammedan tradition), at Kafarmandâ, 280

National sentiment transforms Myths, 253

National spirit promoted an exclusive monotheism among the Hebrews, 269–72

Nationalisation of Hebrew Myths, 257

Nations, table of (in Gen. X.), revised at Babylon, 329–30

Naziritism, 410–14

Nehushtan, the (brazen?) Serpent, 184;

adored, 226

New Druids, 252

Night, loved by Nomads, 51–7;

used by them in reckoning time and distances, 61–3;

precedes Day in the Nomad’s chronology, 62;

is blind, or has lost an eye, 110;

has wings to cover, 117;

is called a ‘Coverer’ and has a black covering, 190–4;

is called Black, 146,

and compared to ink, 148,

and to a ‘Sudûs’ (a greenish garment), 149–50

Night-sky and rain worshiped by the Arabs, 219–21

Nimrod, the ‘Hunter,’ i.e. the Sun, 31–2, 135–6

Nimrûd, Arabic story of, identical with that of Oedipus, 188–9

Ninka-Si, Accadian horned goddess, Solar, 179

Noah, inventor of Agricultural implements, a figure of the Sun at noon, 130–1;

second progenitor of the human race, 210;

why he is made the hero of the Deluge-story, 322;

noted among the Arabs and Ethiopians for longevity, 356–7

Nomads love Night and Rain, 54–7, 60;

reckon distances and time by nights, 61–3;

have no history, 231

Normans adopted French language and transplanted it to England, 236

North and South separated into two kingdoms, 275–7;

effect of separation on national legends, 277–89

Oannes, the Sun, in the Assyrian and Babylonian mythology, Hero of Civilisation, 214–5, 224

Oedipus, Solar hero, his story, 187

Olave, Saint, succeeds to the office of Thor in pursuing and destroying giants, 431

ʿOmar, Chalif, approves of the Bedâwî, 82

Opener, frequent designation of the Sun, 97–8

Origins, legends of, 211–3

Orion, 426–7, 446

Orpheus, son of the Sun, author of Civilisation, 208

Osterhase (Easter Hare) indicates the swiftness of the goddess Ostara, the Sun, 118

Participle passive used for active in Hebrew, 350–1

Patriarchal stories, sources for discovery of Mythology, 19

Patriarchs, their names mythical, referring to phenomena of Nature, 18;

are made types of Elohistic piety, 274;

years and cycles of years in their history, elaborated at Babylon, 329

Perez and Zerah (Pharez and Zarah), Solar figures, 183

Perizzites, their name denotes the ‘Wanderers,’ 53

Persian antagonism to the Arabs gives a tone to legends in the Shâhnâmeh, 258

Persian (Iranian) theological ideas influence the Hebrews in and after the Captivity, 326–9

Persians, false genealogies invented by or for them, 357–8

Pharez. See Perez

Phenicians, their civilisation prevailed for long in Africa, but yielded to the Arabian, 237;

their influence on the tribes of Canaan and the Hebrews, 235, 240

Phenix, mythical designation of the Sun, 344

Philo Herennius, his report on Sanchuniathon, 215–7

Phlegyans, identical with Bhṛgu-s, 373

Phoroneus, at Argos, brought fire like Prometheus, 368;

was originally epithet of the Lightning-bird, 385

Phut [Pûṭ] denotes the ‘Runners,’ 53

Picus, ‘Woodpecker,’ a Lightning-bird, 368;

is the first man, 389

Pillar of Cloud, belongs to the worship of the Night-star, 222–3

Pleiades, 426

Poetry of the Arabs always conveys the Scenery of the Desert, 84–5

Polytheism and Monotheism, successive stages of religious thought, 5

Polytheism results from Mythology and necessarily precedes Monotheism, 262;

tends, through a unifying process, to Monotheism, 263;

shows a monotheistic tendency when one god is supreme over others, 264;

mythical, in Israel, exhibited in the Prophets and Poets, 421–30

Pools of the Sun, in which his heat is cooled, 340–1

Pramantha, the boring-stick to produce fire, 370, 387;

Moses’ staff the same, 391, 428

Pramati, son of Ćyavana, son of Bhṛgu, identical with Prometheus, 391

Prometheus, inventor of Navigation, 103;

his name, corresponding to Sans. Prâmâthyu-s, from pramantha ‘boring-stick,’ 370;

connexion of the name with μανθάνω, 374–5;

identical in function with Mâtariśvan, 371;

a Titan (enemy of the gods) and yet benefactor of men, 389–91;

created man, 389

Prometheus, legend of, Steinthal’s Essay on, 363–92

Proper names in Mythology originally appellative, 37–8

Prophets introduced the real idea of Jahveh, 294–308;

do not care for Myths, 309–10,

nor the Patriarchal history and Moses, 310–1

Psychological Terminology, 375–6

Psychology, a necessary factor of Mythology, 35–7

Pyrrha, the ‘Red,’ mother of mankind, 210

Quails, connected with Apollon and Diana, as well as with Moses, 429

Rachel, the ‘Sheep,’ i.e. the Cloud, 162–5;

weeps for her children, i.e. pours down Rain, 165;

bears Joseph, the ‘Rain,’ 166, 175;

her grave, 283

Rahabh, the Storm-Dragon, 422–6;

denotes Egypt, 423

Rain with the dark rainy sky loved by Nomads, 54–7;

the child of the Cloud or the Sky, 166–7;

called a Serpent, 185–6;

worshiped by the Nomadic Hebrews, 227;

attributed by the Mohammedans to the Stars, 221

Rainbow is called Joseph’s Bow, 169–70

Red, for a light colour in general, 141;

the colour of Day, 146

Reduplicated forms have, according to the Agâdâ, a greater intensity of meaning than unreduplicated, 340

Religion, developed out of Mythology, 218 et seqq.;

takes its form partly from political analogies, 264–8

Religion, founders of, born from Virgins, 208–9

Renan says the Semites have no Mythology, 4;

is mistaken in asserting that Arabic absorbs only dialects related to itself, 237–9

Reuben, the ‘Twilight,’ takes to himself Bilhah, a Solar heroine, 171–3;

his grave (according to Mohammedan tradition), at Jahrân, 280

Riddle proposed by Samson, 394–7

Roman Calendar, 65–6

Rowan, a Lightning-tree, 366–7

Sabbath, established on a new basis by the story of Creation, 324

Sacrifice, human, condemned by Jahveism in the rewritten story of the sacrifice of Isaac, 312

Ṣafrâ, (in Aramaic), ‘Dawn,’ its etymology, 150

Sage (German), 393 note

Samson, a Sun-god, 21–2, 407–10;

his name Shimshôn from Shemesh, ‘Sun,’ 408;

like other Sun-gods, flies after victory, 399,

and is pernicious to the Philistines, destroying their corn by foxes, 398,

and is given to sexual pleasure, 404;

is attacked by a lion, 394,

and kills him, 398;

solution, 396–9;

his heroism with the ass’s jawbone, 400;

was said, in a myth now lost, to have gone down to the netherworld, 404;

his death, 406, 446;

is said in the narrative to be a Nazirite, but this is a late addition to the story, 413;

motive for it, 445;

compared with the other Judges, is seen to be mythical, 414–5,

but is admirably described, 415–6

Samson, legend of, Steinthal’s Essay on, 392–446

Samuel, a typical prophet, 306;

a Nazirite, 410–2

Sanchuniathon’s account of Phenician Mythology, 215–7

Sandan or Sandon, Assyrian and Lydian Sun-god, kills a lion, 396–7

Sarah, the ‘Princess of heaven,’ i.e. the Moon, 158

Scarabeus, worship of the, 343

Seraph, mythical name of a dragon, 197

Serpent (livyâthân and rahabh) denotes Lightning and Rain, 27–8;

Rain, 224–6

Serpents crushed by Herakles, 184

Seth, grave of (according to Mohammedan tradition), in the valley of Yahfûfâ, in Antilibanus, 280

Shamgar, Solar hero, another form of Samson, 429–30

Shechem, a name of the Morning, 25–6;

converted into a prince of the Hivvites, 254

Shem, the ‘Lofty,’ denotes the Heaven, 132

Shôpheṭîm (Judges), Phenician magistrates, 242–5

Sinai, consecrated to Sin, the Moon, 160

Sinflut became Sündflut—psychological process, 441–2

Solar heroes found cities, 113, 127;

remarkable for longevity, 356

Space the earliest category understood by man, 40–2

Stars worshiped by Nomadic Hebrews, 219–30

Steinthal, H., Essay on the original form of the legend of Prometheus, 363–92;

on the legend of Samson, 392–446

Stork, brought fire and brings children to earth, 367

Sudûs (sundus), greenish, the colour of Night, 149–50

Sukkôth (Tabernacles), Feast of, connected with worship of Stars and Rain, 220–2

Sulphur, red, Arabic phrase for something impossible, 143

Sun, passes through the sea at night, 28, 99–104;

loved by Agriculturists, 58, 60;

called in Mythology the ‘Marching,’ ‘Running,’ 114–22;

called the ‘Uncoverer,’ 194;

regarded as an Eye, 106–10,

as a Well, his light being the water, 345;

as a Wheel, 381;

represents Fire in heaven, and is the source of light and growth, 378;

his rays described as a moisture, whether water, milk or wine, 345–7;

his three phases, 204–6;

his colour, 353–4,

saffron, 151,

grey, 153,

white, 154–5;

turns pale through shame, 351–2;

synonyms of, become obsolete, 218;

pools and whips for, 340;

his sons are authors of Civilisation, 208

Sunset and Dawn expressed by the same words, 43

Tabernacles (Sukkôth), Feast of, connected with the worship of Stars and Rain, 220–2

Tâj al-Dîn b. Ḥammûyâ, al-Sarachshî, on ‘Origins,’ 212

Tamar, the ‘Fruit,’ her liaison with Judah, and with Amnon, 180–2

Tannîn, ‘Extended dragon,’ i.e. Rain, 423, 427;

Crocodile, and Egypt, 424–5

Tent of heaven denotes the sky by night, 111

Theocracy, a league between Religious and National ideas, 273

Thor, converted in Christian times into St. Olave, 431

Thunder is a groaning or roaring of the clouds, 164–5

Time, a category not understood till after Space, and expressed in language by the same terms, 40–3

Tôrâ, formed of chuḳḳâ and dâbhâr conjoined, 315

Tribes, Hebrew, named earlier than Jacob’s sons, 176

Tubal-cain and Jabal, duplicates of Cain and Abel, 111–3, 130

Union, sexual, its significance in Mythology, 171–3

Uriah, grave of (according to Mohammedan tradition), 280

Usurpers, other Gods besides Jahveh, according to Hartmann, 269–70

Vaivasuta, son of the Sun, Indian legislator, 208

Varuṇa and Οὔρανος the ‘Coverer,’ 190

Vedic myths so primitive as to explain themselves, 364

Virgins made to conceive by the Sun’s rays are the mothers of founders of legislation and religion, 208–9

Voguls, their Myth of Civilisation, 207

Vörösmarty and Horváth’s Hungarian Myths, 252

Vorstellung (Idea), 377

Wa-jeeg-e-wa-kon-ay, in an Ojibwa legend, repels evil spirits, 174

Wamasai people in East Africa identify God and Rain, 224

Waraḳ (in Ethiopic), ‘gold,’ and connected words, 144–6

Week, 65;

of five days among the Chinese, Mongols, Azteks, and Mexicans, 66;

of eight days in Old Calabar, 66

Well, an image of the Sun, its water being the rays, 345

Wheel, epithet of the Sun’s chariot, 210

Whips of the Sun, to drive him along his course, 341

White, light-coloured in general, 141;

the colour of Day, 152–3

Wings assigned to the Sun and Dawn, 115–7

Wives, legitimate, in Mythology are homogeneous with their husbands, 158

Woodpecker (Picus), personification of Lightning, i.e. Fire, 366,

and of Man, 368, 389

Years and cycles of years in Patriarchal history, elaborated at Babylon, 329

Yereḳ (in Hebrew), ‘Grass,’ its etymology, 145

Zalîchâ, the ‘Swift-marching,’ Solar heroine, her contest with Joseph (Rain), 168

Zarah. See Zerah

Zebulun, the ‘Round,’ the Setting Sun, 177–8

Zechariah expresses the compromise between Priests and Prophets, 308

Zerah and Perez (Zarah and Pharez), Solar figures, 183

Zeus has ram’s horns, 179

Zillah, the ‘Night,’ mother of Tubal-cain, 130

Zilpah, ‘Marching,’ 125-6

Zipporah, grave of (according to Mohammedan tradition), 280

Zûzîm, a nomadic tribe, 53

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Ueberweg’s System of Logic, and History of Logical Doctrines.

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A Dictionary of the English Language.

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English Synonymes.

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Handbook of the English Language. For the use of Students of the Universities and the Higher Classes in Schools.

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A Practical Dictionary of the French and English Languages.

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A Dictionary of Roman and Greek Antiquities. With 2,000 Woodcuts from Ancient Originals, illustrative of the Arts and Life of the Greeks and Romans.

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New Practical Dictionary of the German Language; German-English and English-German.

By Rev. W.L. Blackley, M.A. and Dr. C.M. Friedländer.

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The Mastery of Languages; or, the Art of Speaking Foreign Tongues Idiomatically.

By Thomas Prendergast.

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A Greek-English Lexicon.

By H.G. Liddell, D.D. Dean of Christchurch, and R. Scott, D.D. Dean of Rochester.

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A Lexicon, Greek and English, abridged for Schools from Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon.

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M‛Culloch’s Dictionary, Practical Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation.

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A General Dictionary of Geography, Descriptive, Physical, Statistical, and Historical; forming a complete Gazetteer of the World.

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The Public Schools Manual of Modern Geography. Forming a Companion to ‘The Public Schools Atlas of Modern Geography.’

By Rev. G. Butler, M.A.

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The Public Schools Atlas of Modern Geography. In 31 Maps, exhibiting clearly the more important Physical Features of the Countries delineated.

Edited, with Introduction, by Rev. G. Butler, M.A.

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The Public Schools Atlas of Ancient Geography.

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ASTRONOMY and METEOROLOGY.

The Universe and the Coming Transits; Researches into and New Views respecting the Constitution of the Heavens.

By R.A. Proctor, B.A.

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Saturn and its System.

By R.A. Proctor, B.A.

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The Transits of Venus; A Popular Account of Past and Coming Transits, from the first observed by Horrocks A.D. 1639 to the Transit of A.D. 2012.

By R.A. Proctor, B.A.

Second Edition, revised and enlarged, with 20 Plates (12 Coloured) and 27 Woodcuts. Crown 8vo. 8s. 6d.

Essays on Astronomy. A Series of Papers on Planets and Meteors, the Sun and Sun-surrounding Space, Stars and Star Cloudlets.

By R.A. Proctor, B.A.

With 10 Plates and 24 Woodcuts. 8vo. 12s.

The Moon; her Motions, Aspect, Scenery, and Physical Condition.

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The Sun; Ruler, Light, Fire, and Life of the Planetary System.

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The Orbs Around Us; a Series of Familiar Essays on the Moon and Planets, Meteors and Comets, the Sun and Coloured Pairs of Suns.

By R.A. Proctor, B.A.

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Other Worlds than Ours; The Plurality of Worlds Studied under the Light of Recent Scientific Researches.

By R.A. Proctor, B.A.

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Brinkley’s Astronomy. Revised and partly re-written, with Additional Chapters, and an Appendix of Questions for Examination.

By John W. Stubbs, D.D. and F. Brunnow, Ph.D.

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Outlines of Astronomy.

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The Moon, and the Condition and Configurations of its Surface.

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Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes.

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Dove’s Law of Storms, considered in connexion with the ordinary Movements of the Atmosphere.

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Air and Rain; the Beginnings of a Chemical Climatology.

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Air and its Relations to Life, 1774–1874; a Course of Lectures delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in 1874, with some Additions.

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Nautical Surveying, an Introduction to the Practical and Theoretical Study of.

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Schellen’s Spectrum Analysis, in its Application to Terrestrial Substances and the Physical Constitution of the Heavenly Bodies.

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NATURAL HISTORY and PHYSICAL SCIENCE.

Professor Helmholtz’ Popular Lectures on Scientific Subjects.

Translated by E. Atkinson, F.C.S.

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Ganot’s Natural Philosophy for General Readers and Young Persons; a Course of Physics divested of Mathematical Formulæ and expressed in the language of daily life.

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The Correlation of Physical Forces.

By the Hon. Sir W.R. Grove, F.R.S. &c.

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Weinhold’s Introduction to Experimental Physics, Theoretical and Practical; including Directions for Constructing Physical Apparatus and for Making Experiments.

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Ganot’s Elementary Treatise on Physics, Experimental and Applied, for the use of Colleges and Schools.

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The following Text-Books in this Series may now be had:—

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Principles of Animal Mechanics.

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Fragments of Science.

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Heat a Mode of Motion.

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Sound.

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Contributions to Molecular Physics in the domain of Radiant Heat.

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Six Lectures on Light, delivered in America in 1872 and 1873.

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Notes of a Course of Nine Lectures on Light, delivered at the Royal Institution.

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A Treatise on Magnetism, General and Terrestrial.

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Elementary Treatise on the Wave-Theory of Light.

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The Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Vertebrate Animals.

By Richard Owen, F.R.S.

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Sir H. Holland’s Fragmentary Papers on Science and other subjects.

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Bible Animals; a Description of every Living Creature mentioned in the Scriptures, from the Ape to the Coral.

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The Polar World: a Popular Description of Man and Nature in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions of the Globe.

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Game Preservers and Bird Preservers, or ‘Which are our Friends?’

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A Familiar History of Birds.

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Excavations at the Kesslerloch near Thayngen, Switzerland, a Cave of the Reindeer Period.

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The Origin of Civilisation, and the Primitive Condition of Man; Mental and Social Condition of Savages.

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The Ancient Stone Implements, Weapons, and Ornaments of Great Britain.

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The Elements of Botany for Families and Schools.

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The Rose Amateur’s Guide.

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On the Sensations of Tone, as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music.

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A Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art.

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The History of Modern Music, a Course of Lectures delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain.

By John Hullah.

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The Transition Period of Musical History; a Second Course of Lectures on the History of Music from the Beginning of the Seventeenth to the Middle of the Eighteenth Century, delivered at the Royal Institution.

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The Treasury of Botany, or Popular Dictionary of the Vegetable Kingdom; with which is incorporated a Glossary of Botanical Terms.

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A General System of Descriptive and Analytical Botany.

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Supplement completing the Record of Discovery to the year 1873.

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In Fairyland; Pictures from the Elf-World. By Richard Doyle. With a Poem by W. Allingham.

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Legends of the Saints and Martyrs.

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An Introduction to the Theology of the Church of England, in an Exposition of the 39 Articles. By Rev. T.P. Boultbee, LL.D.

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Religion and Science, their Relations to Each Other at the Present Day; Three Essays on the Grounds of Religious Beliefs.

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Notes on the Earlier Hebrew Scriptures.

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Synonyms of the Old Testament, their Bearing on Christian Faith and Practice.

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The Primitive and Catholic Faith in Relation to the Church of England.

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The Eclipse of Faith: or a Visit to a Religious Sceptic.

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Defence of the Eclipse of Faith.

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A Critical and Grammatical Commentary on St. Paul’s Epistles.

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The Life and Epistles of St. Paul.

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An Examination into the Doctrine and Practice of Confession.

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Evidence of the Truth of the Christian Religion derived from the Literal Fulfilment of Prophecy.

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40th Edition, with numerous Plates. Square 8vo. 12s. 6d. or in post 8vo. with 5 Plates, 6s.

Historical and Critical Commentary on the Old Testament; with a New Translation.

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The History and Literature of the Israelites, according to the Old Testament and the Apocrypha.

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Ewald’s History of Israel.

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5 vols. 8vo. 63s.

Ewald’s Antiquities of Israel.

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The Types of Genesis, briefly considered as revealing the Development of Human Nature.

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The Second Death and the Restitution of all Things; with some Preliminary Remarks on the Nature and Inspiration of Holy Scripture.

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History of the Reformation in Europe in the time of Calvin.

By the Rev. J.H. Merle D’Aubigné, D.D. Translated by W.L.R. Cates, Editor of the Dictionary of General Biography.

6 vols. 8vo. price £4. 10s.

⁂ Vols. VII. & VIII. completing the Work, are preparing for publication.

Commentaries, by the Rev. W.A. O'Conor, B.A. Rector of St. Simon and St. Jude, Manchester.

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Epistle to the Romans, price 3s. 6d.

Epistle to the Hebrews, 4s. 6d.

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Some Questions of the Day.

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An Introduction to the Study of the New Testament, Critical, Exegetical, and Theological.

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Thoughts for the Age.

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Preparation for the Holy Communion; the Devotions chiefly from the works of Jeremy Taylor.

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Bishop Jeremy Taylor’s Entire Works; with Life by Bishop Heber.

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Hymns of Praise and Prayer.

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Spiritual Songs for the Sundays and Holidays throughout the Year.

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Lyra Germanica; Hymns translated from the German by Miss C. Winkworth.

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Lectures on the Pentateuch & the Moabite Stone; with Appendices.

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Supernatural Religion; an Inquiry into the Reality of Divine Revelation.

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The Pentateuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined.

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TRAVELS, VOYAGES, &c.

The Indian Alps, and How we Crossed them: being a Narrative of Two Years’ Residence in the Eastern Himalayas, and Two Months’ Tour into the Interior, towards Kinchinjunga and Mount Everest.

By a Lady Pioneer.

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Tyrol and the Tyrolese; being an Account of the People and the Land, in their Social, Sporting, and Mountaineering Aspects.

By W.A. Baillie Grohman.

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‘The Frosty Caucasus;’ an Account of a Walk through Part of the Range, and of an Ascent of Elbruz in the Summer of 1874.

By F.C. Grove.

With Eight Illustrations engraved on Wood by E. Whymper, from Photographs taken during the Journey, and a Map. Crown 8vo. price 15s.

A Journey of 1,000 Miles through Egypt and Nubia to the Second Cataract of the Nile. Being a Personal Narrative of Four and a Half Months’ Life in a Dahabeeyah on the Nile.

By Amelia B. Edwards.

With numerous Illustrations from Drawings by the Authoress, Map, Plans, Facsimiles, &c. Imperial 8vo.

[In the Autumn.

Over the Sea and Far Away; being a Narrative of a Ramble round the World.

By Thos. Woodbine Hinchliff, M.A. F.R.G.S. President of the Alpine Club, Author of ‘Summer Months among the Alps,’ &c.

1 vol. medium 8vo. with numerous Illustrations.

[Nearly ready.

Discoveries at Ephesus. Including the Site and Remains of the Great Temple of Diana.

By J.T. Wood, F.S.A.

1 vol. imperial 8vo. copiously illustrated.

[In the press.

Through Bosnia and the Herzegovina on Foot during the Insurrection, August and September 1875; with a Glimpse at the Slavonic Borderlands of Turkey.

By Arthur J. Evans, B.A. F.S.A.

Post 8vo. with Map and numerous Illustrations.

[In the press.

Italian Alps; Sketches in the Mountains of Ticino, Lombardy, the Trentino, and Venetia.

By Douglas W. Freshfield, Editor of ‘The Alpine Journal.’

Square crown 8vo. Illustrations. 15s.

Memorials of the Discovery and Early Settlement of the Bermudas or Somers Islands, from 1615 to 1685. Compiled from the Colonial Records and other original sources.

By Major-General J.H. Lefroy, R.A. C.B. F.R.S. Hon. Member New York Historical Society, &c. Governor of the Bermudas.

8vo. with Map.

[In the press.

Here and There in the Alps.

By the Hon. Frederica Plunket.

With Vignette-title. Post 8vo. 6s. 6d.

The Valleys of Tirol; their Traditions and Customs, and How to Visit them.

By Miss R.H. Busk.

With Frontispiece and 3 Maps. Crown 8vo. 12s. 6d.

Two Years in Fiji, a Descriptive Narrative of a Residence in the Fijian Group of Islands; with some Account of the Fortunes of Foreign Settlers and Colonists up to the time of British Annexation.

By Litton Forbes, M.D.

Crown 8vo. 8s. 6d.

Eight Years in Ceylon.

By Sir Samuel W. Baker, M.A. F.R.G.S.

New Edition, with Illustrations engraved on Wood by G. Pearson. Crown 8vo. Price 7s. 6d.

The Rifle and the Hound in Ceylon.

By Sir Samuel W. Baker, M.A. F.R.G.S.

New Edition, with Illustrations engraved on Wood by G. Pearson. Crown 8vo. Price 7s. 6d.

Meeting the Sun; a Journey all round the World through Egypt, China, Japan, and California.

By William Simpson, F.R.G.S.

With Heliotypes and Woodcuts. 8vo. 24s.

The Dolomite Mountains. Excursions through Tyrol, Carinthia, Carniola, and Friuli.

By J. Gilbert and G.C. Churchill, F.R.G.S.

With Illustrations. Sq. cr. 8vo. 21s.

The Alpine Club Map of the Chain of Mont Blanc, from an actual Survey in 1863–1864.

By A. Adams-Reilly, F.R.G.S. M.A.C.

In Chromolithography, on extra stout drawing paper 10s. or mounted on canvas in a folding case, 12s. 6d.

The Alpine Club Map of the Valpelline, the Val Tournanche, and the Southern Valleys of the Chain of Monte Rosa, from actual Survey.

By A. Adams-Reilly, F.R.G.S. M.A.C.

Price 6s. on extra Stout Drawing Paper, or 7s. 6d. mounted in a Folding Case.

Untrodden Peaks and Unfrequented Valleys; a Midsummer Ramble among the Dolomites.

By Amelia B. Edwards.

With numerous Illustrations. 8vo. 21s.

The Alpine Club Map of Switzerland, with parts of the Neighbouring Countries, on the scale of Four Miles to an Inch.

Edited by R.C. Nichols, F.S.A. F.R.G.S.

In Four Sheets, in Portfolio, price 42s. coloured, or 34s. uncoloured.

The Alpine Guide.

By John Ball, M.R.I.A. late President of the Alpine Club.

Post 8vo. with Maps and other Illustrations.

Eastern Alps.

Price 10s. 6d.

Central Alps, including all the Oberland District.

Price 7s. 6d.

Western Alps, including, Mont Blanc, Monte Rosa, Zermatt, &c.

Price 6s. 6d.

Introduction on Alpine Travelling in general, and on the Geology of the Alps.

Price 1s. Either of the Three Volumes or Parts of the ‘Alpine Guide’ may be had with this Introduction prefixed, 1s. extra. The ‘Alpine Guide’ may also be had in Ten separate Parts, or districts, price 2s. 6d. each.

Guide to the Pyrenees, for the use of Mountaineers.

By Charles Packe.

Second Edition, with Maps &c. and Appendix. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

How to See Norway; embodying the Experience of Six Summer Tours in that Country.

By J.R. Campbell.

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WORKS of FICTION.

Higgledy-Piggledy; or, Stories for Everybody and Everybody’s Children.

By the Right Hon. E.H. Knatchbull-Hugessen, M.P. Author of ‘Whispers from Fairyland’ &c.

With 9 Illustrations from Original Designs by R. Doyle, engraved on Wood by G. Pearson. Crown 8vo. price 6s.

Whispers from Fairyland.

By the Rt. Hon. E.H. Knatchbull-Hugessen, M.P. Author of ‘Higgledy-Piggledy’ &c.

With 9 Illustrations from Original Designs engraved on Wood by G. Pearson. Crown 8vo. price 6s.

‘A series of stories which are certain of a ready welcome by all boys and girls who take delight in dreamland, and love to linger over the pranks and frolics of fairies. The book is dedicated to the mothers of England, and more wholesome food for the growing mind it would be unreasonable to desire, and impossible to procure.... This welcome volume abounds in vivacity and fun, and bears pleasant testimony to a kindly-hearted Author with fancy, feeling, and humour.’ Morning Post.

The Folk-Lore of Rome, collected by Word of Mouth from the People.

By Miss R.H. Busk.

Crown 8vo. 12s. 6d.

Becker’s Gallus; or Roman Scenes of the Time of Augustus.

Post 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Becker’s Charicles: Illustrative of Private Life of the Ancient Greeks.

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Novels and Tales.

By the Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P.

Cabinet Editions, complete in Ten Volumes, crown 8vo. 6s. each, as follows:—

Lothair, 6s.

Coningsby, 6s.

Sybil, 6s.

Tancred, 6s.

Venetia, 6s.

Alroy, Ixion, &c. 6s.

Young Duke, &c. 6s.

Vivian Grey, 6s.

Henrietta Temple, 6s.

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The Modern Novelist’s Library.

Atherstone Priory, 2s. boards; 2s. 6d. cloth.

Mlle. Mori, 2s. boards; 2s. 6d. cloth.

The Burgomaster’s Family, 2s. and 2s. 6d.

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Bramley-Moore’s Six Sisters of the Valleys,

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Elsa: a Tale of the Tyrolean Alps. Translated

from the German of Mme. Von

Hillern by Lady Wallace. Price 2s.

boards; 2s. 6d. cloth.

Tales of Ancient Greece.

By the Rev. G.W. Cox, M.A.

Crown 8vo. 6s. 6d.

Stories and Tales.

By Elizabeth M. Sewell.

Cabinet Edition, in Ten Volumes:—

Amy Herbert, 2s. 6d.

Gertrude, 2s. 6d.

Earl’s Daughter, 2s. 6d.

Experience of Life, 2s. 6d.

Cleve Hall, 2s. 6d.

Ivors, 2s. 6d.

Katharine Ashton, 2s. 6d.

Margaret Percival, 3s. 6d.

Laneton Parsonage, 3s. 6d.

Ursula, 3s. 6d.

POETRY and THE DRAMA.

Ballads and Lyrics of Old France; with other Poems.

By A. Lang, M.A.

Square fcp. 8vo. 5s.

The London Series of French Classics.

Edited by Ch. Cassal, LL.D. T. Karcher, LL.B. and Léonce Stièvenard.

The following Plays, in the Division of the Drama in this Series, are now ready:—

Corneille’s Le Cid, 1s. 6d.

Voltaire’s Zaire, 1s. 6d.

Lamartine’s Toussaint Louverture, double

volume, 2s. 6d.

Milton’s Lycidas and Epitaphium Damonis.

Edited, with Notes and Introduction, by C.S. Jerram, M.A.

Crown 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Lays of Ancient Rome; with Ivry and the Armada.

By the Right Hon. Lord Macaulay.

16mo. 3s. 6d.

Lord Macaulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome. With 90 Illustrations on Wood from Drawings by G. Scharf.

Fcp. 4to. 21s.

Miniature Edition of Lord Macaulay’s Lays of Ancient Rome, with Scharf’s 90 Illustrations reduced in Lithography.

Imp. 16mo. 10s. 6d.

Horatii Opera, Library Edition, with English Notes, Marginal References and various Readings.

Edited by Rev. J.E. Yonge, M.A.

8vo. 21s.

Southey’s Poetical Works with the Author’s last Corrections and Additions.

Medium 8vo. with Portrait, 14s.

Bowdler’s Family Shakspeare, cheaper Genuine Edition.

Complete in 1 vol. medium 8vo. large type, with 36 Woodcut Illustrations, 14s. or in 6 vols. fcp. 8vo. price 21s.

Poems by Jean Ingelow.

2 vols. Fcp. 8vo. 10s.

First Series, containing ‘Divided,’ ‘The Star’s Monument,’ &c. 16th Thousand. Fcp. 8vo. 5s.

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Poems by Jean Ingelow. First Series, with nearly 100 Woodcut Illustrations.

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The Æneid of Virgil Translated into English Verse.

By J. Conington, M.A.

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RURAL SPORTS, HORSE and CATTLE

MANAGEMENT, &c.

Annals of the Road, being a History of Coaching from the Earliest Times to the Present.

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Notes in this chapter

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