INDEX
Reading edition
A
aa, 54, 67, 78, 104, 121, 124, 125, 129, 148, 174
Abbot, 159
Absaroka Range, 8
Adak Harbor, 141
Adams, C. E., 110
Africa, 181, 182
Agassiz, Alexander, 20, 25, 55, 65, 72, 164
Agassiz Museum, 17, 19
Aghileen Pinnacles, 140
Agricultural Experiment Station, Kodiak, 138
Agua cone, 81
Akutan Island, 154
Alaska, 30–31, 55, 72–75, 81, 82, 84, 110, 114, 117, 127, 137–145, 154, 169, 172, 173, 183
— expeditions to, 55, 72–75, 84, 138
Alaska Commercial Company, 141
Albatross (ship), 170
Aleutian arc, 82
Aleutian eruptions, 169
Aleutian Geographical Observatory, 142
Aleutian Islands, 55, 75, 84, 110, 114, 127, 137–145, 154, 172, 173
— expeditions to, 55, 72–75, 84, 138
Aleutian trench, 31
Alfaro, Anastasio, 79
Algonkian, 28
Allen, E. H., 12, 112, 115, 129
Alps, the, 103, 116
Alyea, Hubert, 5
Amazon River, 82
Amchitka Island, 141
Amerada Company, 112
American Journal of Science, 113
American Museum, 56
American Relief Committee, 63
amphibian vehicles, 74, 138, 142–143, 168
Anderson, C. A., 137
Anderson, J., 111
Anderson, Tempest, xii, 65, 71, 76, 84
Anderson, the cook, 8
Andes, the, 78, 82, 116, 181
Andrews, E. C., 112
Angaha, 147–149
Antigua, 157
Appalachian basin, 50, 52
Appalachian Mountains, 18, 46–49, 51–52, 116
Archean granites, 8
Arizona, 25–28
arrowroot, 160
Asama Volcano, 78, 107–108
Asama-Bandai system, 108
Ascutney Mountain, 7, 40, 53
Asia, mountain ranges of, 117
Aso Volcano, 108
astronomy, 6, 30, 147–150, 172–173, 184–185
Atka, 72, 75
Atlantic Ocean, 53, 170
— deeps of, 53
Attu, 140–141
Auckland, 109–110
Audubon, J. J., 3, 4
Australia, 132, 163
— science congress in, 132
B
Bad Lands of South Dakota, 23, 24, 37–38
Baker, Ruth, 155, 168, 169
Baker Island, 135–136
Baldwin, R. G., 172
Ballard, Stanley S., 173
Ballou, Howard M., 91
Bandai Volcano, 42–43, 45, 106–108, 110
Barbados, 61–62, 158, 160
Barnard, Mr. and Mrs., 159
Barrios, 81
Barton, G., 18
Bartrum, J. A., 110
Barus, Carl, 54
bat, giant, 149
Bay of Plenty, 110
bear hunts, 72, 139–140, 143
Beecher, C., 19
Belcher, ...., 156
Belize, 79
Bellingham, Wash., 143–144
Bergen, 12
Bergson, H., xii
Bering Sea, 74, 140
Berkshire Hills, 46
Bermel, Colonel, 156
Bermuda, 161
Bernhardt, Sarah, 5
Berry, Robert, 56
Bethe, H. A., 185
Big Horn expedition, 8
Bingham, Hiram, 147
Bird, Isabella, 91
birds, 135, 141, 148–149
— gannets, 135
— goonies, 135
— malau, 148–149
— man-of-war, 135
— murres, 141
— terns, 135
Birdseye, Claude H., 89, 111, 129–130
Bishop Estate, 89
Bishop Museum, 135
Black Forest, 14
Black Growler, 10
Black Hills, xii, 21, 22, 23–25, 28, 46–47, 78
— surveys of (1898, 1899), 23–25
Bloch, C. C., 168
Blue Beard’s Castle, 157
Blue Hill, Mass., 77
Bluff, the, 134
Bogoslof, 74, 75, 78, 110, 140–141
— eruption of 1907, 75, 141
Bohemia, 14
Boiling Lake, 11
boiling lake, 80
boiling springs, 40, 42
bombing of Mauna Loa, 153–154, 161
Bonin Islands, 109
Boscotrecase, 65–68
Boshu Peninsula, 133
Boston, 16–17, 19, 37, 43, 56, 77, 85, 91, 161
— mapping of, 16–17
Bottoms, the, 157
Boulder Dam, 169
Boutwell, John Mason, 21–22, 24
Bowie, William, 112
Boynton, H. C., 19, 168, 172
Boyrie, W., 142
Bradford, Alex, 138, 142
Bradshaw Mountains, 25–28
Brazil, 40
Brigg, J. J., 65
Brigham, W. T., 91, 164
Bright Angel fault, 30
Bristol Bay, 140
Brock, R. W., 14
Brontotherium, 24
Brooklyn, 56
Brooks, Alfred, 18
Brown, E. W., 100
Brown, William Garrott, 20
Brun, Albert, 88, 92
Brush, G. J., 21
Bucher, W., 181
Bund, Yokohama, 132
Burkland, Albert, 89, 111, 129
C
Cache Creek, 11
California, 39, 89, 103, 110, 111–113, 114–116, 136–137, 154
— University of, 89, 137
— volcanoes, 136
California Institute of Technology, 111
Calumet and Hecla, copper company, 72
Camiquin Island, 76
Cambrian, 6, 9, 22, 23, 28
— fossils, 22
— shales and limestones, 23
Cambridge, Mass., 164
Campbell, Archibald, 163
Canada, 6, 136, 182
Canadian Rockies, 23
Canary Islands, 131
Canna (arrowroot), 160
Canoe Bay, 142
Cape Nome, 141
Carib cones, 71
Caribbean Sea, 79, 117, 157, 183
— expeditions to, 55
— islands of, 55–65, 67, 76, 108
Carribee line, 66
Carisso (ship), 150
Carnegie, Andrew, 184
Carnegie Institution, 78, 86, 90, 111, 112
— Geophysical Laboratory of, 76, 86, 111
Carnegie Palace, Costa Rica, 79
Cartago earthquake of 1910, 78–84
Cartago expedition, 84
Cartwright, Bruce, 135
Cascade Mountains, xii, 82, 136
catastrophes, 55–84, 103–106, 132–134, 156
Catskills, 43
Central America, 55, 78–84
— expedition to, 55
Chadron Formation, 22
Chain of Craters, 118, 125, 154–155
Challenger (ship), 170
Charleston, 43, 45, 103
— earthquake, 43, 45
Charlotte Amalie, 157
Chateau Belair, W. I., 59, 61, 159
Chernofski village, 141
Cherry Island, 103
Chicago, 72
Chicago Natural History Museum, 24
Chilean coastal plain, 82
Chilton, C., 112
China, rivers of, 41
Chourré, ...., 122
Christchurch College, 110
Christiansand, Norway, 12
Christophersen, Erling, 135
Chugul, 141
Church, Dr., 57
Cincinnati, 53
Cincinnati arch, 50
clams, 135
Clark, W. O., 111
Clive, ...., 11
Coal Measures, 28
Coan, Titus, 91
Coast Survey, 137, 170
— station at Sitka, 137
Cody, Frank, 73, 123
Colby, F. T., 72–73
Collins, George, 135
Colorado, 28, 169, 173
Colorado River, 26, 38
Comstock Lode, 18
Congresses, 12, 112, 132, 134
— Australia Science, 132
— Hawaii, 112
— Japan, 134
— London Geography, 12
— Pacific Science, 112, 134
— Zurich Geological, 12
Connecticut River, 7
Constitution, U. S., 182
continental divide, 36
continental mediterranean sea, 22, 53
continental volcanoes, 181
Cook Channel, 109
Cook Strait, 110
Cooke, C. Montague, 135
Cooke, Joshiah, 5
copra, 148–149
coral islets, 135
Cordillera, 21, 49, 67, 78–84, 137, 177
Cosequina, 80
cosmology, 185–186
Costa Rica, 55, 79, 80, 108
— earthquake, 55
— rocky mountains of, 55
Costa Rica-Mexico line, 108
Cotton, C. A., 110
crabs, 149
Cramton, Louis C., 114, 136, 162
Crandall Creek mining claim, 8
crater lake, 80
Crawford, David L., 162
Croney, J. E., 63
Crooks Canyon, 26
Crooks Complex, 26–27
Crosby, W. O., 18, 72
cross-country cars, 131–132, 138
Crusoe, Robinson, 120
Culebra Cut, 82
Curtis, G. C., 56, 59, 159
Curzon, G. N., 12
Custer, G. A., 8
D
Daly, R. A., 7, 9, 18, 92, 177–181
Dana, Edward, 113
Dana, James D., 21, 91, 113, 116, 164
Darton, N. H., 21, 22
Darwin, C. R., 6
Darwin, George, 4, 32
Daubrée, A., 16, 30
Davis, W. M., 7, 16, 40, 165
Day, A. L., 12, 86, 92, 112, 115, 124
De Candolle, C., 4, 35
de Vis-Norton, L. W., 111
Deadwood, 23–25
Dean, Arthur L., 162
Death Gulch, 11–12
deformation, 32, 76
deltas, leaf, 43
Denmark, 12
Denver, 169, 173
Devil’s Tower, 23, 25
Diamond Head, 122
Dillingham, Walter F., 114
disasters, 55–84, 103–106, 111, 132–134, 156
Dixie (ship), 56–59
Dodge, Francis, 90
Doelter, C., 16, 53
Dominica, 11, 66, 158
Dominion Museum, 109
Dorsey, E. W., 43
Dranga, Ted, 135–136
Drexel Institute, 73
Dunedin, 109–110
Dutch Harbor, 72, 74, 141, 144
Dutton, C. E., 7, 29–30, 48, 116
E
Eakle, A. S., 72–74
Earhart, Amelia, 125
earth core, 185
earth crust theory, 115–117
earthquake centers, 169
earthquake frequency, 131
earthquakes, 30–31, 45, 55–84, 92, 103–106, 111, 114, 132–134, 137, 145–147, 154–165, 168–169
— Cartago, 80
— Charleston, 43, 45
— Costa Rica, 55
— Hawaii, 145–147
— Kapoho, 154, 165
— Kingston, 83–84
— Messina, 55, 71
— Montserrat, 156–161
— Napier, 45, 111
— Sakurajima, 103–106
— San Francisco, xii, 45, 55, 134, 137
— Tokyo, 103, 114, 132–134, 168
— Valparaiso, 55
— Yakutat Bay, 30–31, 37, 45
East Indies, 170
Eastman Kodak Company, 91
eclipse of sun, 147–150
Ecuador, 78
Eddington, A. A., 5, 184–185
Eddy, Johnny, 62
Eggleston, Julius W., 17
Einstein, Albert, 5
“elevation craters”, 131
Eliot, C. W., 18, 55, 63
Emden (ship), 140
Emerson, Oliver, 54, 100, 123, 129
Emmons, Delos C., 153
Emmons, Samuel Franklin, xi, 21, 22
English, T. S., 158
English Channel, 34
English strata, 21
Eocene Tertiary, 46
erosion, 10, 30, 32, 38, 43, 48, 76
— model, 43
eruption cycles, 166–167
eruption index, 77
eruptions, 32, 45, 55–84, 120–125, 130–131, 169, 173–176
— Alaska, 75, 141, 169
— Halemaumau, 120–124, 130–131
— Irazu, 79–80
— Mauna Loa, 125, 173–176
— Lassen, 136
— Pelée, 45, 56–65, 71
— Tarumai, 77–78
— Vesuvius, 65–72
Europe, mountain ranges of, 117
Europe, study in, 12–16
evolution, 6, 116, 186
— theory of, 6
Ewing, M., 184
expeditions, 55–84, 103–111, 114, 132–150, 154–161
— Alaska, 55, 72–75, 84, 114, 138, 143, 154
— Cartago, 84
— Howland and Baker, 135–136
— Japan, 55, 77–78, 84, 104–109, 114, 132–134
— Kilauea-Tarumai, 84
— Martinique, 55–65, 156–161
— Montserrat, 161
— New Zealand, 103, 109–111
— Niuafoou, 114, 147–150
— Pelée-Soufrière, 55–65, 84, 156–161
— Tokyo, 114
— Vesuvius, 55, 65–72, 84
experiments, 4–5, 17, 32–54, 76, 78, 85–113, 125–132, 138, 142–143, 154–156, 168, 171–173, 176–177, 182–186
— field, 76, 85–113
— laboratory, 4–5, 32–54, 168, 171–172
F
Falcon Island, 110
Faraday, M., 16, 29
faulting, 28–29
Ficus, 60
field experiments, 76, 85–113
field work, 7–12, 21–31, 55–84, 138, 142–143, 177
Fiji, 147
Finch, R. H., 99, 120–121, 132, 136–137, 144, 154, 162, 168, 173
Firehole River, 39
Flett, J. S., 76
“floating islands”, 92, 96
flying fox, 149
Foerster, Captain, 140
folding, model of, 50–52
foot prints in lava, 120
Forbes, John, 173
Fort de France, 56
Fortieth Parallel Survey, 8, 22, 25
fossa magna, 109
fossils, 181
Fouqué, F., 16, 53
Frank Landslip, the, 45
Franklin, Benjamin, 71
Frear, Walter F., 89
Freiberg, 14
Friedlaender, I., 76, 103, 162
Fujiyama, 81, 109, 134–135
fumaroles, 11–12, 62, 65, 68, 80, 108, 129, 156, 158, 160
Futu, 147, 149
G
gannets, 135
Gardner, John, 139–142
gas-heat theory, 59
Geikie, Archibald, xi, 12, 116
Geodetic Survey of India, 157
Geological Congress, Zurich, 12
Geological Society of America, 76, 164, 166
Geological Survey of Great Britain and Ireland, 12
Geological Survey, U. S., 17–22, 50, 54–56, 64, 89–90, 111–114, 129–131, 136–138, 142, 154, 157, 169, 172–173
Geophysical Laboratory, Wash. D. C., 112
Georgetown, W. I., 159–160
Geovision Ltd., 163
Germany, 12–16
geyser basins, 10
geysers, 9, 39–40, 42, 48
— as eroders, 39–40
geyser-spring experiments, 41
Geyserville, 112, 137
Giacometti, Guido, 153, 163
giant bat, 149
Giant’s Causeway, 23
Gilbert, Grove Karl, 7, 64
Gillie, Miss, ...., 157
glacial periods, 6, 10, 45
glaciers, 44, 48
Glass Mountain, 136
Goethals, General, 82
Goldschmidt, Victor M., 14, 16
Goodrich, ...., 18
goonies, 135
Gordon-Cumming, C., 91
Göteborg, 13
Grabau, Amadeus, 17
Grand Canyon, 24, 26, 28–30, 37
— model of, 30, 38
Grand Hotel, Japan, 132–133
Grange, L. I., 111
granitization, 181
Grant, Willie, 3
gravitation, 185–186
Great Britain, 12, 162
— Geological Survey of, 12
Great Lakes, 25, 45
Great Plains, 10, 22
Green, W. L., 91
Green River, 30
greenstones, 182
Greenwell, Mr. and Mrs. Frank, 146
Gregory, H. E., 112, 135
Grodzinski, P., 172
Grosvenor, Gilbert, 142–143
Groth, P. G., 13
Guadeloupe, 66
guano diggings, 135–136
Guatemala, 55, 80–82
Gulf of Alaska, 138, 171
Gulf of Mexico, 10, 36
Gummeré, Harry, 12, 33, 72–73
Gutenberg, B., 183
H
Hague, Arnold, xi, 8
Hakamagoshi, 105
Hakone, 134
Hale, George Ellery, 185
Haleakala, 164, 165
Haleakala, Kohala, Kea line, 165
Halemaumau, 77, 86, 89, 92–93, 95, 112, 115, 117–119, 120–124, 127, 128, 131, 147, 151–155, 166
— eruption, 117–124, 130–131
Hammond, W. H., 168, 172
Hannon, Arthur, 112
hardness tests, 168, 171–172
Harney Peak, xii
Hart, F. R., 79
Harvard, xi, 3–7, 16–19, 32–56, 72, 89, 92, 101
— laboratory experiments, 32–54
— study at, 3, 32–54
— teaching at, 55–56, 72
Hawaii, island of, v, 28, 77, 78, 112, 142, 143, 154, 164, 165
Hawaii Channel, 123
Hawaii earthquake crisis (1929), 145–147
Hawaii Geological Survey, 30, 111–112
Hawaii National Park, 86, 89, 113–114, 128, 152, 155, 168, 173
Hawaii tidal wave (1946), 156
Hawaii, University of, 101
Hawaiian Is., 55, 69, 77–78, 112, 117, 164, 171, 177, 183
— journey to, 55
Hawaiian Ridge, 49
Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, 112
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, v, 54, 75, 78, 84–103, 111–112, 114–130, 135, 137, 142, 151–156, 162–164, 168, 173
Hawaiian Volcano Research Association, v, 71, 78, 91, 103, 111, 113–114, 155, 171
Hawaiian volcanoes, 42, 85–113, 145–147, 151–176
Hayden, F. V., 7, 17
Haystack Basin, 39
Heidelberg, 12
Heilprin, A., 76
Henderson, John Brooks, 127, 162
Hermann, A., 5
Herschel, Arthur, 83
Hiatt, R. W., 171
High Plateaus of Utah, 67
Hill, R. T., 56
Hilo, 130, 143, 151–153, 155, 161, 162, 169
— merchants of, 89
Hilo Tribune Herald, 162–163
Hilo Wharf, 123
Himalayas, 48, 116
Hind, Mrs. Robert, 145
Hinkley, Vern, 162
Hitchcock, C. H., 91, 164–166
Hobart, A. H., 128
Hodges, Richmond, 154
Hokkaido, 77
Holmes, Justice Oliver Wendell, 182
Honduras, 80
Honjo district, 133
Honolulu, 77, 78, 85, 91
Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 162
Honshu, 107
Honukai, the, 142–143
Hookena, 174
Hoopuloa village, 125
Hosmer, Ralph, 78
hot springs, 9, 39, 42, 137
Houston, David F., 112
Hovey, E. O., 56, 59, 76, 112, 159, 173
Howe, Ernest, 17
Howland Island, 135–136
Hoyle, Fred, xii, 5, 184, 186
Hualalai Volcano, 145, 146, 154, 164–165, 167
Hubble, E. P., 5
Hudson River, 42, 43
Humuula, 151, 153
Hunt, Walter Frederick, 173
Huntington, Ellsworth, 17
Huntington, Oliver, 5
Hyatt, A., 19
I
ice ages, 43, 185
Iceland, 39, 103
Imperial Hotel, Japan, 133
Indian Ocean, 170
index of eruption, 77
index volcanoes, 75, 79, 80
industrial diamonds, 172
Ingalls, Albert, 126
Ingerson, Earl, 172
injections, lava, 46–48
International Geophysical Union, 183
intrusions, 53
inventions, 19–20, 125–132, 157–158, 160, 162, 172
Irazu Volcano, 79
Ireland, 12, 23
— Geological Survey of, 12
Irving, John Duer, 21, 25
Ischia, 66
isostasy, 116–117, 131, 177
Italy, 55, 65–72, 78, 103, 110, 117, 127, 181, 183
Ivanpah, 27
Izalco Volcano, 80
J
Jack, R. L., 110
Jackson, R. T., 5, 19, 165
Jaggar, Isabel, v, 100, 101, 109, 111, 118, 119, 121, 122, 140, 142, 145, 147, 153, 156, 157, 175
Jaggar, Rev. Thomas Augustus, 3
Jaggar inventions, 19–20, 158, 160, 172
Jamaica, 83–84, 157, 160
Japan, 42, 45, 55, 65–68, 77–78, 81, 84, 102, 103–106, 109, 110, 117, 132–134, 169, 183
Japanese earthquakes, 103–106, 114, 132–134, 168
Japanese engineers, 131
Java, 11
Jeans, J. H., 5, 184–185
jeep, forerunner of, 131–132, 138
Jim, Samuel, 62
Jimenez, President of Costa Rica, 79–80
Johanssen, Captain, 138, 140
Johnson, Douglas, 18
Johnston, F., 25
Jones, Austin E., 142, 144, 152, 169
Jordalsknut, the, 12
Jupiter, 184
K
Kagoshima, 103–106
Kahuku, 174
Kahului, 169
Kailua, Hawaii, 143
Kaimon, 108
Kaiser Wilhelm, 13–14
Kamakura, 134
Kamchatka arc, 82
Kamuela, 146
Kansas, 40
Kapoho, 118, 125, 154, 164
— earthquake (1924), 154, 165
Karuizawa, 107–108
Katmai, 140
Kau Desert, 93, 115, 117, 120, 124, 125, 130, 132, 155
Kaunakakai, 123
Kawaihae, 143
Keewatin, 6
Kellar, H., 5
Kellers, H., 147, 149
Kelvin, W. T., 6
Keoua’s army, 120
Keppel Island, 150
Keppler, C. H. J., 147
Kew Observatory, 157
Kiholo, 143
Kilauea, v, xi, 59, 62, 68, 71, 76, 77, 86–103, 111–115, 117–125, 127–128, 130–132, 142–147, 151–155, 162, 164, 165, 167, 172, 176, 177
Kilauea Iki, 124
Kilauea Military Camp, 97, 113
Kilauea Mountain, 99, 118, 121
King, Clara, 62–64
King, Clarence, xi, 6, 7, 8, 17, 21, 22, 25, 32
King, F. P., 11
King, Samuel W., 135
King Cove, 138, 139, 140, 144
Kingston, Jamaica, 83–84, 159, 160
Kirishima, 108
Kobandai, 106–108
Kodiak, 137, 138, 140, 143, 144
Kohala, 165
Kona, 92, 93, 125, 142, 145–146, 152–154, 169, 173–174
— North, 145
— South, 92, 93, 125, 173
Korovinski Volcano, 75
Koto, B., 106
kou trees, 136
Kullenberg, B., 170, 184
Kumamoto, 109
Kyushu, 103, 108, 109
L
laboratories, 17, 32–54, 76, 78
— Carnegie Institution geophysical, 76, 86, 111
— Harvard, 32–54
— Hawaii Volcano Observatory, 78
— Naples, 76
— Rockefeller, 29
Labrador, 3
Lacroix, Alfred, 16, 76, 134
La Forge, Laurence, 17
Lahaina, 123
Lake Superior, 6
Lake Taupo, 110
Lake Toya, 106
Lamar River, 36
Lancaster, Alex, 86, 90, 97, 118
Lane A., 18
Laramie, 46
Lassen National Park, 112, 114, 136–137, 154
— survey of, 137
Lassen Peak, 136
lava injection model, 46–48
lava tides, 166–167
lava, analyses of, 129
lava, constituents of, 166
lava, moon, 172
Laudat, 11
Lehigh, 22
Leipzig, 181
Lenox-Conyingham, Gerald, 156, 157
Lewis Lake, 36
Lewis River, 36
Limon, 79
Lincoln, Gatesford, 132, 147
Lincoln, Joseph, 174
Lingula, 6, 7
Lipari, 66
Lisbon, 103
London, 12
Long Island Sound, 43
Los Angeles, 103
Loucks, Burton, 168, 173
Lower Silurian, 7
Lurline (ship), 175
Lycurgus, Demosthenes, 89, 111
Lycurgus, George, 111
Lydia (ship), 72, 74
Lyell, Charles, xii, 45
Lynn, 3
Lyttleton, ...., xii, 184, 185
M
Maclaurin, R., 55, 85
Macdonald, Gordon A., 111, 154, 166, 173–175
MacDonald, T. M., 59, 61, 159
MacGregor, A. G., 157, 161
MacMillan-Brown, J., 110
Madison limestone, 8
Maine, 3
Makalawena, 143
Makaopuhi, 118, 121
Makushin, 75
malau bird, 148–149
Mammoth Hot Springs, 9, 12, 42
man-of-war bird, 135
Mansfield, G. R., 18
Maoris, 110
Marlowe, Julia, 5
Marsden, Ernest, 110
Marsters, V. F., 17, 53
Martinique, 11, 55–66, 71, 76, 84, 129, 134, 156, 158, 160, 161, 167
— expedition to, 55–65, 156–161
— museum and observatory, 71
Marvin, Charles F., 111, 112, 137
Massachusetts, 18, 44, 71
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7, 55–56, 72, 77–79, 85, 90, 91, 113, 129
— teaching at, 55–56, 72, 78
Mato Tepee, 23
Matson, a guide, 11
Matsumoto, Jack, 174–175
Matteucci, R. V., 15, 67, 71
Matthes, Francois, 18
Maui, 122–123, 169, 170
Mauna Kea (ship), 123
Mauna Kea, 115, 146, 153, 164–165
Mauna Loa, 59, 62, 64, 67–69, 92–95, 99, 102, 112–115, 125, 145–146, 151–154, 162, 164–166, 169–170, 172, 173–176, 180, 185
— bombing of, 153–154, 161
— eruption of, 124, 173–176
Mauna Loa Mountain, 99
McCord, Jack, 140, 141
McKinley, C. P., 143
measurements, 129–131
medaños, 34
Mediterranean Sea, 45, 70, 116
“Mediterranean Sea” of North America, 22, 53
Mees, C. E. K., 91
Meinzer, O., 111
Mendenhall, W. C., 18, 112, 138
Mercalli, G., 76, 131
Messina, 55, 71, 77, 81, 103
— earthquake of, 1908, 55, 71
metamorphism, 180
Meunier, Stanilas, 16
Mexico, 80, 82, 108
Michel-Lévy, A., 16, 53
Michelson, A. A., 99
microsclerometer, 19–20, 172
Midway Island, 99, 103, 164, 165
Mihara Volcano, 133–134
Mineral, Calif., 136, 137
Miocene, 46, 49
Mississippi delta, 41
Mississippi River, 8, 10, 36
models, 30, 38, 41–42, 43, 46–48, 50–52
— erosion, 43
— folding, 50–52
— Grand Canyon, 30, 38
— lava injection, 46–48
— Old Faithful, 41–42
Mohokea, 165
Molokai, 122–123
Molokai Channel, 122
Molokai volcano, 165
Monte Somma, 66
Montserrat, xii, 66, 71, 126, 129, 156–161
— earthquake (1933), 71
Moody, William H., 55–57
Moody, William Vaughn, 20
moon, 182
moon craters, 93–94, 172, 176
moon lava, 172
Morgan, Lloyd, 186
Morozewicz, J., 16
Morss, Everett, 162
motorcar amphibians, 168
Mount Baker, 136
Mount Dana, 143
Mount Etna, 66, 68, 71, 77, 81, 103, 180
Mount Hibokhibok, 76
Mount Lamington, 76
Mount Makushin, 73
Mount Misery, 62, 66
Mount Monadnock, 40
Mount Pelée, 56–65, 76, 134, 158, 161, 167
Mount St. Elias, 31
Mount St. Helena, 137
Mount Shasta, 18, 137
Mount Washburn, 36
Mount Wrangell, 138
Munro, George, 135
murres, 141
museum, Kilauea Crater, 114–115
Museum of Comparative Zoology, 164
mutation, 186
Myers, D. B., 72, 74
Mystic River, 37
N
Nagasaki, 103, 109
Nahant, 3
Nakamura, D., 115
Naknek Lake, 140
Napau Crater, 118, 121
Napier earthquake, 45, 111
Naples, 65, 71, 76
National Geographic Society, 55–56, 142, 143
— expedition (Alaska), 143
Natural History magazine, 170
Nature magazine, 161
Naughton, J. J., 173
Naumann, E., 109
Navaho (ship), 123
Neckar, the, 14
Nelson, Sven, 20
Neptune, 184
Nevada, 26–30
New Crater, 10
New England, 7, 28, 37, 40, 43, 44, 46
New Haven, 46
New Jersey, 43
New Orleans, 79
New York, 42, 43, 56, 72, 121
— New York City, 42, 72
— Wall Street, 72
New Zealand, 39, 75, 103, 109–111, 114, 117, 126, 161, 162, 183
— expedition to, 103, 109–111
—Geological Survey, 110
New Zealand-Tonga volcanic chain, 114
New Zealand, University of, 110
Ngauruhoe Volcano, 110
Nicaragua, 80
Nicaragua-Salvador line, 80
Nikolski, 141
Niles, W., 72
Niuafoou, 110, 147–150
Niuatoputapu, 150
No Man’s Land, 132
Nobel Prize, 157
Norris Geyser Basin, 10
North Island, N. Z., 109
North Kona, 145
Norway, 12, 13
Nova Scotia, 3, 175
O
Oahu, 170
Oberhansley, F. R., 173
Oberwald, the, 14
Observatories, 76, 86, 114–130, 135–137, 142, 144, 155, 162, 163, 168, 173
— Alaska, 136, 137, 142, 144
— California, 136, 137
— Hawaii, 76, 114–130, 135, 137, 142, 155, 162, 168, 173
— Kew, 157
— Vesuvius, 76, 86
Ocean Island, 99
oceanic volcanoes, 182
Oceanographic Institute of Sweden, 170
oceanographic sampling, 183
Ogasawara Islands, 109
Ohia Lodge, Hawaii, 174
Ohiki, the, 142–143
Okinawa, 103
Olaa, 154
Old Faithful, 10
— model of, 41–42
“Old Faithful,” Hawaii, 86–87, 90
Oldham, R. D., 116
Oligocene, 24
Omori, F., 77, 84, 102, 104–106, 109, 112, 115, 131, 132, 162
Oregon, 82
Osaka, 134
Osann, A., 14, 15
Oshima, 103, 109, 133, 134
Osumi Strait, 104
Otago University, 110
Ottajano, 65, 66, 68
P
Pacific Commercial Advertiser, 77, 86
Pacific Commercial Company, 143
Pacific journey, 77–78
Pacific Ocean, 36, 53, 82, 170, 171
— arc, 82
—deeps of, 53
Pacific oceanography, 170–171
Pacific Science Congresses, 112, 134
Pago Pago, 147
pahoehoe, 67, 97, 120, 124, 125, 129, 135, 148, 151, 153
Palache, C., 14, 15
Palisades, Hudson River, 42
Palmieri, P., 76
Panama, 80, 82, 83, 157
Panama Canal, 82, 157
Papua, 76
Parker Ranch, Hawaii, 143, 146
Pasadena, 111
Pasteur, Louis, 16, 161
Patagonia, 81
Pavlof, 139, 142–143
Pearl Harbor, 122, 123, 168, 169, 172
Pelée, 11, 45, 56–65, 67, 68, 78, 103, 104
— eruption, 45, 56–65, 71
Pelican (ship), 123
Pennsylvania, 37, 53
Perkins, Commander, ...., 140
Perret, Frank Alvord, xi, 32, 68, 71, 84, 86–89, 92, 96, 101, 103, 156, 157, 160, 162, 167, 171, 173
Peru, 34
Pettersson, Hans, 170, 171, 184
Philadelphia, 53
Philippine Islands, 72, 76
Phoenix, Arizona, 25
Piggot, C. S., 184
Planck, M., 5
Pliocene, 43
Plug Ugly (ship), 139
Plymouth, W. I., 156
Poas Crater, 80
Pohoiki, 118
Polynesian rats, 136
Ponte, S. C., 68
Porteus, Stanley, 162
Postal Card Crack, 77, 127, 128
Potomac (ship), 56–58
Powell, C. F., 156, 157, 161
Powell, George, 143
Powell, J. W., 7, 17, 22
Powers, Howard, 142, 154, 169, 173
Powers, Sidney, 112
Pozzuoli, 66
pre-Cambrian, 47
Prescott, Arizona, 25
Pribilof Island, 144
Prince of Wales, 110
Princeton University, 5
Pritchett, H. S., 55, 72
Puako, 143
Puget Sound, 143, 144
Puna, 130, 154
Purington, C., 133
Puu Oo Ranch, 153
Puuwaawaa, 145, 146
Q
quakeproof engineering, 132
Quartette Gold Mine, 27
Queen Charlotte, 150
Quensell boys, 149
R
range finders, 125–127
rats, Polynesian, 136
Red Beds, 8, 47
Redlands, 103
Reyer, H., 16
rhythmic periods, 166–167
Richmond plantation, W. I., 159
Richter, C. F., 183
Rieber, Frank, 162–164
ripplemarks, 3–4, 32–54
Roberts, Sumner, 100
Rockefeller, John D., 184
Rockefeller laboratory and observatory, 29
Rocky Mountains, 7, 10, 18, 23, 46, 47, 48
Romberg, Arnold, 101–102
Rome, 103
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 17
Roraima (ship), 62, 160
Roseau, 11
Rosenbusch, H., 12–16
Rotorua, 109, 111
Royal Society of London, 72, 156
Ruapehu Volcano, 110
Rushforth, Paul, 171–172
Russell, I. C., 56
Rutherford, E., 110
Ryukyu Archipelago, 103, 106, 109
Ryukyu-Sakurajima line, 108
S
Saba, 157
Sagami Bay, 133–134
St. Helena, 103
St. Kitts, 62, 157
St. Lucia, 160
St. Martin, 157
St. Pierre, 55–65, 71, 160, 161
St. Vincent, 56–66, 68, 158–160
Sakurajima, xi, 71, 81, 103–106
— earthquake (1914), 103–106
Salvador, 80
Samoa, 147, 150
San Andreas rift, 137
San Francisco earthquake (1906), xii, 45, 55, 134, 137
San Jose, Costa Rica, 79
San Sebastiano, destruction of, 69
Santa Ana, 80
Santa Maria peak, 81
Sarana Bay, 141
Saratoga Springs, 18
Sato, Sutejiro, 155, 166, 168
Saturn, 184
Saxony, 14
Scandinavia, 12–13, 182
Schneeberg granite, 14
Schrader, F., 18
Schweitzer, A., 161
Scientific American, 126
scratch tester, 172
sea level, 130
sea lions, 141
seals, 144
Searchlight, Nevada, 26–30
Seattle, 72, 138, 142
Secretary of the Interior, 155
Section of Volcanology created, 136
sedimentation, 32, 38, 76, 181
Seeley, George, 72, 74
seismic recorders, 125–126, 143, 144
Shaler, Nathaniel S., xi, 3, 5, 19, 28, 172
Shepard, F. P., 170
Shepherd, E. S., 86–89, 92, 112, 115, 166, 167, 184
Shimonoseki Strait, 109
Shipman, Herbert, 153
Shishaldin Volcano, 154
shock recorder, 126, 158, 160
Shumagin Islands, 143
Sierra Nevada, 28, 116, 136
Sinclair, Gregg M., 162, 170, 171
Sinton, Bill, 122, 147
Smith, George Otis, 112, 137
Smith Philip Sidney, 18, 21, 22
Smith, William, 21
Smithsonian Institution, 112
Snake River, 36
Snedeker, James, 168
Solfatara, Italy, 127
solfataras, 11–12, 62, 65, 68, 80, 108, 129, 156, 158, 160
Soufrière, 56–55, 72, 159
South Dakota, 21–25, 28, 37, 38, 46, 47, 55, 78
South Island, N. Z., 109
South Kona, 92, 93, 125, 173
Spalding, Walter, 95
Spearfish, Arizona, 23
Speight, R., 110
Spofford, Charles, 79, 84, 129
Springfield, Mass., 71
Spurr, J. E., 18, 172
Stalheim, 12
Stanford students, 26
Stanley, Henry M., 12
Starr (ship), 138, 140
State Street, 72
Stearns, Harold T., 111, 154, 165, 166
Stewart, Richard, 143
Stinking Water mine, 8
Stockholm, 13
Stokes, Mrs., 63
Stokes, Rita, 62–64
Stone, Ralph, 17, 37, 43
Stromboli, 68, 71
Stübel, A., 67, 76, 177, 181, 182
Suess, E., 116
sugar mills, 159
Sulphur Bank, 112, 115, 127–129, 173
Sunlight mine, 8
sunspots, 65, 68, 166
— intervals of, 68
surveys, 7–12, 23–25, 30, 76, 137, 138, 142–143
— Alaskan, 142–143
— Black Hills, 23–25
— Fortieth Parallel, 25
— Hawaii Geological, 30, 76
— Lassen National Park, 137
— New Zealand Geological, 110
— Yellowstone, 7–12
Suwanose Island, 108
Sweden, 13, 170
Sweeney, H. P., 72, 74
swelling and slumping, 131
swelling mountain, 129–131
Switzerland, 43
T
Tanager (ship), 150
Tanegashima, 106
Tarawera, 109
Tarawera Mountain, 110
Tarumai Volcano, 77–78
Taupo Belt, 109
Taupo District, 161
Taylor, Griffith, 112
teaching, 55–56, 72, 78
— at Harvard, 55–56, 72
— at Massachusetts Tech, 55–56, 72, 78
Technology Expedition, 72, 138
Technology Review, 74
Teddy, the dog, 123
temperature wells, 127–129
Teneriffe, 71
Tennessee, 37
terns, 135
Tertiary, 8–10, 15
Tetons, 36
theater, the, 5
Thomson, Allan, 109
Thomson, William, 109
Thorndike, Charles, 100
Thurston, Lorrin A., 77, 86, 89, 111, 122, 142, 153, 162
tidal system (volcanic), 70
tidal waves, 134, 156, 169–170
— Hawaii (1946), 156, 169, 170
— Japan (Tokyo), 134
tide gauge readings, 130
Tin Can Island, 110, 147–150
Tokyo, 81, 102, 103, 106, 109, 114, 132–134, 168
— earthquakes, 103, 114, 132–134, 168
Tonga, 109, 110, 114, 181, 147–150
Tonga Deep, 109
Tonopah, 29
Tonto fault, 30
Triassic lavas, 47
Tridacna, 35, 135
Trinidad, 61
Trondhjem, 12, 13
Tufts College, 17
Tuscarora Deep, 109
Twigg-Smith, William, 112
U
Unita Mountains, 30
Umnak Island, 75, 138, 141
Unalga (ship), 140
Unalaska, 75, 137, 140, 141
Unimak, 154
Union Pacific, 25
United Fruit Company, 79
U. S. Army, 113, 169
U. S. Army Air Force, 153
U. S. Army Engineers, 82, 156
U. S. Biological Survey, 144
U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 130
U. S. Coast Guard, 135, 140, 144
U. S. Congress, 156, 162
U. S. Consulate (Japan), 132
U. S. Eclipse Expedition, 110, 147–150
U. S. Geological Survey, 17–18, 19, 21, 22, 50, 54–56, 64, 89–90, 111–114, 129–131, 136–138, 142, 154, 157, 169, 172–173
U. S. Marines, 132, 133, 168
U. S. Navy, 55–57, 122–123, 131, 132, 147, 168, 170
U. S. Naval Observatory, 110, 147–150
U. S. Weather Bureau, 111–114, 137
University Club, Boston, 85
University of California, Berkeley, 89, 137, 163
University of Hawaii, 101, 162, 164, 168, 170, 171
University of New Zealand, 110
Uranus, 184
Usu Volcano, 106
Utah, 18, 22, 67
Uwekahuna, 173
V
Valparaiso earthquake, 55
Vandyke, E. C., 72, 73
Vaughan, T. W., 112
Verhoogen, J., 180
Vermont, 7, 9, 53
Vesuvius, xi, 55, 65–72, 76, 88, 104, 115, 131, 167
— eruptions, 65–72
— expedition to, 65–72, 84
— observatory, 76
Vesuvius-Stromboli-Etna system, 70
Virgin Islands, 157
volcanic explosions, 32, 45, 55–84, 120–125, 130–131, 173–176
Volcano Bay, 139–140
Volcano House, 77, 86, 111, 113, 155, 173
Volcano Letter, 154
volcano models, 45–47
Volcano Research Association, 85, 162, 163
volcanology predictions, 161–162
von Buch, Leopold, 131
von Tempski, Armine, 146
von Zittel, Karl A., 13
Vosges Mountains, 14
W
Wada, T., 107
Waesche, Hugh, 152, 154
Wailuku River, 153, 156
Waimanu, Hawaii, 165
Waimea, Hawaii, 143
Waiohinu, 165
Waipio, 165
Wairaki, 161
Walcott, Charles D., 19, 22, 30, 111, 112
Wall Street, 72
Wallibu River, 60
Ward, R., 19
Washington, D. C., 76, 86, 111, 137, 161, 162
— Geophysical Laboratory, 76
Washington, H. S., 112
Watchung Ridge, 43
water theory, 115–117, 167
Weed, W. H., 11
Wellesley, 72
Wellington, N. Z., 109, 110
Wells Fargo and Co., 27
Wentworth, Chester K., 173
Werner, A. G., 16
West Indies, 11, 56–66, 78, 83–84, 156–161
— disaster in, 55–65
— volcanoes of, 156–161
Western Samoa, 147
Wheeler, G. M., 7
Whippoorwill (ship), 135–136
White, Harvey, 173
White Island, 75, 110
Whitney Foundation, 85, 89
Wiechert, E., 116
Williams, Howel, 137, 164
Williamson, H., 82–83
Willis, Bailey, xi, 21, 22, 50–51, 116
Wilson, R. M., 111, 129, 130, 137, 144, 154
Wingate, E. G., 145, 152, 155–156
Wolff, John Eliot, 5, 19
Wood, H. O., 89, 100, 111, 115
Wood-Anderson seismograph, 111
Wood-Jones, Frederick, 112
Wood Valley, 145, 165
World War I, 132
World War II, 141, 142, 168
Wylie, ...., 11
Wyoming, 43
Y
Yakutat earthquake (1899), 30–31, 37, 45
Yale University, 17, 19, 22, 91, 100
Yatchmenoff, Peter, 139–140
Yeld, G., 65
yellow fever, 82
Yellowstone Lake, 36
Yellowstone National Park, xii, 7–12, 18, 23, 28, 36, 39, 42, 67, 78, 112, 117
Yellowstone River, 36
Yokohama, 132–134
Young, John Mason, 114
Yukon, 140
Z
Zeitschrift für Vulkanologie, 76
Zirkel, Ferdinand, 14
Zurich, 12