STREET CLEANING SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS USED IN AMERICAN CITIES—METHODS OF REDUCING LITTER—COST DATA. (continued 2)
Reading edition
New Orleans Smooth surfaces flushed daily. Hand broom men follow flushers. Business section cleaned at night by flushers and hand cleaning. 2.00
New Bedford Yes. Yes. 2.50.
Newark Ten districts. Number of men assigned to each according to size of district. Men held responsible for these districts. No.
Norwich None. Sweep to gutters, shovel into piles and then into wagons. Sweeper team, wagon team. Wagons. Yes. 1.60.
New Rochelle Supervision of Commissioner and time keeper. By hand broom. Yes. Yes. 2.25.
Niagara Falls By 2 deputy superintendents. Residential, sweeping; business, flushing. Wagons. Some.
Newburgh Yes.
60Oakland Patrolmen visited once or twice daily by foreman; contract work inspected daily. Small gangs on macadam, occasional flushing after wet-weather. Machine sweeping and patrol. Gangs of 6 to 8 men under sub-foreman. Directed by district superintendent of streets on macadam. Patrol and machine sweeping. Readjusted patrol routes; substituted hand patrol for suction sweeper. Swept 2,3,4 and 6 times weekly. 2 and 3 times schedules adjacent to 4 and 6 times schedules. Yes. Macadam streets. $2.25 to $3.00
Oswego Pick-up sweeper, flushing and hand sweeping. By yardage. No. No.
Ogdensburg By foremen. Residential sprinkled and machine swept; business patrolled and flushed. Flushing. No. Some. 1.75.
Philadelphia Inspectors supervised by district engineers. Blockmen assigned to sections by chief of bureau; patrol duty. Inlets cleaned, county roads cleaned. Machines followed by gangs and carts and wagons, number depending on length of haul to dump, season of the year and traffic. Street cleaning parade annually. Batteries of 2 or 3. 300. 250. No. Yes.
Providence Foreman’s daily report of neglect of duty. Residential, gangs; business, patrol. Residential, foreman, 17 men and 10 single teams; business, patrol in charge of foreman. Divide into 6 sections. Yes. No.
Rochester Residential, gang and patrol; business, patrol. No. Yes.
Rensselaer No. Yes.
Reading
Richmond Elgin machine sweeping in residential section. No. Yes.
St. Louis By scrubbing business districts streets nightly cost reduced 40¢. per great square. Yes, flushers hired. Yes, by contract. 14,000,000
San Francisco Time cards, trip cards, efficiency cards as to attendance, sobriety and obedience. Residential, gangs of foremen, 3 laborers and 2 teams each. Business, blockmen, night-gangs of 2 foremen, 9 laborers and 8 double teams. No. Yes. 382,344,303
Salt Lake City White Wings and flushing. Wagons and some horses. Yes. 150 miles.
Springfield Foreman calls on each man several times daily. Residential, crosswalk sweepers, machine cleaning, gutter scraping. Business, squeegeeing, flushing, patrol. Individuals and gangs. Some. 30¢. hour.
Seattle Reports from foremen and district foremen. Residential, flushing, sweeping and patrol; business, flushing and patrol. Residential, under sub-foreman; business, under district foreman. Flushing is most economical. Yes. No.
Scranton Business, hand and machine sweeping and flushing. Residential hand and machine sweeping.
Troy Smooth streets flushed, rough streets and brick, machine swept. Patrol.
Utica By districts. No. No.
Washington Unit cost, conditions, observation. Residential, machine and hand cleaning, squeegeeing, flushing, oiling and sprinkling. Business, patrol, squeegeed or flushed. Assistant superintendent, chief inspector, foremen, working force. By foremen, subject to superintendent’s approval. 1,500. 162. Yes. Some macadam unpaved and streets. 2.25. 1.75.
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Table I (h)
STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)
City Street Sprinkling
Daily Cost per Team[14] Total Annual Cost of Street Sprinkling Paid out of City’s General Fund? Paid by Abutting Property Owners? Method of Assessment. Who Pays for Street Intersections? Total Gallons Used a Year for Sprinkling Average Rate of Assessment per Foot Front for Sprinkling Does This Include Cost of Water or is Water Non-assessable? Do Corporations Sprinkle Streets on Which the Trolley Cars Run?
Buffalo $10,000.00 Yes. No charge for intersections. 7,500,000 10¢ Yes. On two streets.
Beacon
Binghamton
Cincinnati
Cambridge 40,000.00[15] No. Yes. 4¢. front foot each side; intersections sections not counted. 15,000,000 4¢. No. No.
Chicago
Camden
Columbus
Cleveland
Cortland 948.68 Yes. City pays for intersections. 6,470 5¢. Yes. No.
Dunkirk
Denver $2.50 80,227.95 Yes. 311,364,000 City pays $25 a year for hydrant for all purposes. No.
Elmira No.
Fall River 6.00 2,809.24 No. Yes. Intersections paid by city. 4,403,200 2¢. Non-assessable. No.
Grand Rapids 25,131.23 117,821,750 Yes.
Hudson 1,500.00 Yes.
Jamestown
Kansas City
Kingston
Los Angeles 4.45 No. 40,000 tanks per month, each tank 550 gallons. No.
Louisville City pays for intersections.[16] 5.5¢. Yes. No.
Lowell 6.00 $17,000 Yes. No pay for intersections. 5¢. No cost. No.
Lynn 24,061.77 Yes. per foot front in residential; 8¢. in business.
Lackawanna 4.75 Yes.
Little Falls Non-assessable. No.
Middletown No. Yes. City pays for intersections ½c. per front foot per week. Non-assessable. No.
Mechanicville 5.00 1,200.00 Yes. 8,000,000 No.
New York City
New Orleans
New Bedford 3,061.59 Yes. [19]
Newark
Norwich 5.00 1,700.00 No. 50% 3¢. Yes. No.
New Rochelle 1,202.32 Yes. 1,100,509 Yes.
Niagara Falls 5.00 2,000.00 Yes. Yes.
Newburgh
Oakland 5.00–6.00 43,651.95 Yes. 10,197,400 Cu. Ft. Few cases.
Oswego No.
Ogdensburg 4.00 Yes. No.
Philadelphia 24,367.14 Yes. No.
Providence
Rochester 42,271.73 Yes. Pays proportionate cost.
Rensselaer
Reading
Richmond
St. Louis 250,000.00 Yes. Special tax 4¢. per foot front. 1,727,362,500 4¢. Non-assessable.
San Francisco Yes. No. At times.
Salt Lake City 4.50 25,000.00 Yes.
Springfield 13,493.68 Yes. Yes. Yes, $100 a mile.
Seattle Yes.[20]
Scranton
Troy No.
Utica
Washington 3.55 4,633.58 Yes.
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Table I (j)
STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)
City Cost Data
Street Cleaning Done by City or Contract Yearly Contract Price Total Cost of Street Cleaning Year, Exclusive of Snow Removal Salaries and Wages New Appliances Repairs and Maintenance of Appliances Other Expenses Cost per 1,000 Sq. Yds. Street Cleaning Done Average Cost per Sq. Yd. of Hand Sweeping Average Cost per Sq. Yd. of Machine Flushing[21] Average Cost per Sq. Yd. of Squeegeeing[21]
Buffalo City. $146,517.43 $84,499.70 $17,233.42 $44,784.41 28¢. 30¢.
Beacon City.
Binghamton City.
Cincinnati City. 186,847.17 .00035
Cambridge City. 59,300.00 47,500.00 500.00 300.00 $11,000.00
Chicago City.
Camden City. 26,056.80 238.09
Columbus City. 126,897.19 94,180.68 .388¢. .617 per Gr. Sq.[22]
Cleveland .42786 per Gr. Sq. .15388 per Gr. Sq.[22]
Cortland City. 31,000.00
Dunkirk Contract. 2.8¢. per Sq. Yd per season.
Denver City. 108,296.60 One-sixth of a mill. 15–100 of a mill. 13–100 of a mill.
Elmira City. 11,748.20 10,047.18 1,000.00 711.52 0.397 0.321 0.0815
Fall River City. 53,867.80
Hudson City. 1,400.00
Jamestown City. 5,638.70 3,983.67 1,655.03 .1464¢.
Kansas City City. 200,000.00 170,000.00 30.000.00
Kingston City. 9,500.00 9,300.00 100.00 50.00 50.00
Louisville City. 80,819.80
Lowell City.
Lynn City. 29,298.85
Lackawanna City.
Little Falls City.
Middletown City. 3,975.65
New York City City. 7,643,936.74 5,380,620.63
New Orleans City. 322,000.00
New Bedford City. 60,478.81
Newark City. 268,732.54 237,213.15
Norwich City.
New Rochelle City. 37,665.71 34,974.67 2,245.79 445.25 26¢. .027¢.
Niagara Falls City. 118,000.00 20,000.00 10,000.00
Newburgh City. 9,000.00
Oswego City. 4,231.41 3,226.01 517.79 457.61
Ogdensburg City. 4,428.66
Providence City.
Rochester City. 183,783.44
Rensselaer City. 2,740.00
Reading Contract. Three year basis $12.90 per city square, length 540 ft. $35,000 a year.
Richmond City. Not separated from garbage and ash collection.
St. Louis City. 527,000.00 1.25 per Gr. Sq. 92¢. per Gr. Sq.
San Francisco City. 350,400.00 6,000.00
Salt Lake City City.
Springfield City. 243,952.86 .00035 .00017
Seattle City. 148,456.56
Troy City.
Utica City.
66
Table I (k)
STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)
City Preventive Work Any Unusual Conditions with Which Your Department Has to Contend? Disposal of Sweepings
What Effort, If Any, Made to Secure Cooperation of Public to Reduce Street Litter? Is Cost of Cleaning Considered in Selecting Kind of Pavement? Do Police and Health Departments and Courts Cooperate? Average No. of Cu. Yds. of Sweepings per 1,000 Sq. Yds. of Area Cleaned Average Amount of Sweepings Collected at Each Cleaning Method of Disposal
On City Dump Used for Filler Sold for Fertilizer Price Charged Total Yearly Receipts
Buffalo By ordinance. No. Yes. None. Yes. Yes.
Beacon Waste cans. No. Yes. No. Yes. Contract. $137.00
Binghamton
Cincinnati Through press and clean-up campaigns. No. Yes. Land slides and floods. .24 Yes. Yes.
Cambridge Clean-up Week. No. Yes. No. Yes.
Chicago Yes. .079 .079 Yes. Yes.
Camden Education campaign cooperating with civic organizations.
Columbus
Cleveland Yes.
Cortland No. Some. Some lanes in rear of stores used for dumping papers. Yes. Yes.
Dunkirk Yes.
Denver Yes.
Elmira Waste cans used. Not much. Yes. No. Yes.
Fall River No. No. No. No. Yes.
Grand Rapids
Hudson Yes. Yes. Existence of alleys. ½ cu. yd. Yes. Yes.
Jamestown City very hilly. .053
Kansas City Superintendent arrests violators. No. Yes. No. Yes.
Kingston
Los Angeles Yes.
Louisville Yes. Yes. Yes.
Lowell Yes. Very little. Yes. Yes.
Lynn No. Papers from refuse collectors. Yes.
Lackawanna Clean-up campaign. Yes. Yes. No. Yes.
Little Falls None. To some extent. No. Yes. Yes.
Milwaukee Publicity and circulars. Yes. No. Yes.
Middletown Placed cans for paper. Through press. Yes. Yes. No. Yes. 30¢. for 1½ yds.
Mechanicville Police department and waste cans. Yes. No. Yes.
New York City Anti-litter League Educational work. Yes. Construction work; push carts. 28.6 per yr. .029 cu. yds. Yes.
New Orleans Yes.
New Bedford
Newark Police department and public schools. No. Yes. No. Yes.
Norwich Very little. No. No. No. Yes. Yes.
New Rochelle Yes, by ordinance. Yes. Yes. No. 119 cu. yds. Yes.
Niagara Falls Placing waste cans. Yes. Yes. No. Yes.
Newburgh Through press, cans provided, hand-bills distributed in business section. Yes.
Oakland Distribute cards, enforcements of ordinance prohibiting dumping of refuse in streets. Yes. Only in extreme cases. None. Yes. Yes.
Oswego Use waste cans. No city garbage or ash collection; people dump on back streets. Yes.
Ogdensburg
Philadelphia Pamphlets distributed. Rubbish cards distributed, lectures to school children. Place waste cans. In general way. To some extent. Overloaded wagons, storekeeper sweeping dust into street. .17 .23 cu. yds. Yes. Yes.
Providence Yes. Yes. Yes. $2.00 per cord.
Rochester
Rensselaer No. Yes. No. Yes. Yes. Yes. No.
Reading
Richmond Yes. Yes. Yes. 15¢. per load.
St. Louis Placing metal refuse boxes on sidewalk. Yes. Yes. Yes.
San Francisco Place dirt cans and paper cans. Yes. Yes.
Salt Lake City Enforcement of ordinances. Yes. Yes. Yes.
Springfield Yes. Yes. No.
Seattle Through the press. Yes. Many hills. Yes. Yes.
Scranton
Troy
Utica
Washington Placing waste paper boxes, police regulation. No. Yes. Yes. Yes.
68Note: Seattle and Denver are the only cities which report that they clean their sidewalks. Denver limits its work to the business district. All cities report they do not dump sweepings in manholes. All cities except Salt Lake City and Norwich report they sprinkle streets preceding sweeping. Cambridge, San Francisco, and Springfield, Mass., are the only cities which report they do not have sprinklers precede squeegee machines.
71