INDEX

Alexander, structure of the Milky Way, 214 Amœba, versatile organization, 274-5 Anaximander, generalized matter, 5 Anaximenes, air as the 'Urstoff,' 4, 151 Aristotle, conception of nature, 8; solid spheres, 13 Asteroids, orbital relations, 236 Babinet, objection to Laplace's cosmogony, 44 Bacon, elemental triad, 151 Ball, Sir Robert, mechanics of a condensing nebula, 79, 209-10 Barnard, discoveries of nebulæ, 212; observations of the Gegenschein, 259 Becquerel, detection of radio-activity, 157, 162 Bessel, astronomy of the invisible, 141 Bode's law of planetary distances, 26 Brorsen, the zodiacal counterglow, 259 Bruno, a platonic pantheist, 9 Buffon, cometary impacts, 61; fossil foraminifera, 275 Campbell, system of ζ Geminorum, 113; number of spectroscopic binaries, 143; density of nebulium, 153 Chladni, meteoric cosmogony, 118 Comets, position in Cartesian system, 12-13; in that of Laplace, 136; origin, 73-4, 252-4; meteoric relations, 122-4, 133; solar dependants, 133, 140, 236, 251; nebular affinities, 137, 254-5; insignificant mass, 242 Cosmogony, primitive, 1-3, 14; philosophical, 3-7; scientific, 7, 15; of Descartes, 11-13, 60; Kant's, 21-28, 61-2, 252, 254; Laplace's, 29-33, 38-53, 57-61, 138, 235; Herschel's, 35-7, 136, 199-201; Faye's, 68-76, 81, 129; Lockyer's, 125-134; sidereal, 105-7, 145-7, 217-230 Crookes, Sir William, protyle, 5, 149; radiant matter, 154, 156-7; future of the world, 163 Curie, Madame, discovery of radium, 162 Dalton, combining equivalents, 152 Dark stars, 141, 226-7 Darwin, condensation of nebulous rings, 42, 51; history of earth-moon system, 87-92, 94, 97, 142; equilibrium of rotating globes, 102, 104-5, 112, 143; fluid pressure on meteor-swarms, 129, 131; spiral nebulæ, 205 Delambre, on cosmic speculations, 14, 15 Democritus, mechanical theory of the world, 5, 22 Descartes, theory of vortices, 11-13 Dissipation of energy, 229 Double stars, genesis and development, 98-9, 106-7, 142-5, 226-7; occulting, 108-113; variable, 113-115, 143; 'dumb-bell' type, 115, 116, 143; frequency of occurrence, 144, 234 Earth, effective rigidity, 86; critical situation, 87; antique disruption, 89, 91; tidal effects upon, 90, 244; meteoric intakes, 119-120, 133; internal heat, 266 Easton, the galactic spiral, 214 Eclipses, stellar, 107-8; questionable occurrence, 109-113; criterion of reality, 114 Electricity, discharge through vacua, 154; relations with disintegrated matter, 155, 159-160, 163; gravity explained by, 177-8, 179; dual properties, 180-181; fundamental in nature, 182; ethereal transmission, 185 Electrons, copious production, 174; strain-centres, 189-190, 195; ultimates of matter, 231 Elements, ancient and mediæval ideas regarding, 5, 151; genesis, 152, 230-231 Empedocles, four elements, 5, 151 Ether, in Cartesian philosophy, 12; evasive character, 159, 183, 197-8; relation to gravity, 175, 185; properties, 184, 191, 193-4 Evolution, of solar system, 22, 241, 250; of stars, 35-6, 217-225; of stellar systems, 98-9, 106-7, 142-5, 226-7; of nebulæ, 145-6, 200-211; of the chemical elements, 151, 230-231 Faye, objections to Laplace's cosmogony, 25; modified scheme, 68-73, 81, 129; duration of the sun, 76 Fleming, nature of electrons, 195 Frost and Adams, spectroscopic binaries, 143, 221 Galileo, first law of motion, 12 Goldstein, cathode-rays, 155 Gravitation, mode of action, 168, 185; velocity of transmission, 169, 175, 177; explanatory hypotheses, 170-179 Hale, relationships of carbon stars, 225 Halley, nature of nebulæ, 36 Hansky, status of zodiacal light, 261 Harvey, life from life, 268 Helium, present in the sun, 55; origin by atomic decay, 158, 230; absorption in stars, 220, 222-3; a constituent of nebulæ, 230 Helmholtz, maintenance of solar heat, 31, 34, 35, 74-5 Helmont, spontaneous generation, 268 Heracleitus, elemental evolution, 151 Herodotus, omnipotence of time, 269 Herschel, Sir John, nature of atoms, 156; Saturn's satellites, 240 Herschel, Sir William, Uranian system, 29; sidereal evolution, 35-6, 37, 136; observations of nebulæ, 199; history of their growth, 200-201 Huggins, Sir William, discovery of gaseous nebulæ, 54, 153 Huggins, Sir William and Lady, stellar development, 226 Huxley, origin of life, 269, 271, 272 Hydrogen, molecular velocity, 55; the unit-atom, 152; tenuity, 153; absorption in stars, 221-2 Island-universes, 54 Jeans, figures of equilibrium, 104-5; nature of radio-activity, 196 Jupiter's system, 240-1 Kant, cosmological speculations, 20-28, 60-62, 252, 254; tidal effects, 27, 84-5; Saturn's rings, 49; status of comets, 73 Kelvin, Lord, Lesage's theory of gravitation, 174; vortex-atoms, 187; dissipation of energy, 229; origin of life, 268, 280 Kepler, physical astronomy, 10 Kirkwood, objection to nebular hypothesis, 50, 51; effects of solar tidal friction, 67 Lambert, sidereal construction, 17-18 Langley, mass of meteoric infalls, 119 Laplace, hypothesis of planetary origin, 25, 29-31, 33, 36-42, 52-3, 58-9, 60-62, 235; Saturn's ring-system, 49; Mécanique Céleste, 57; status of comets, 73, 136 Larmor, scheme of molecular physics, 188; definition of ether, 189, 193 Lenard, cathode-rays, 157 Lesage, rationale of gravity, 172-3, 175 Lewis, masses of double stars, 226 Ligondès, scheme of planetary growth, 77-8, 81, 252; comets as survivals, 253, 256 Lockyer, Sir Norman, meteoritic hypothesis, 125-7; enhanced lines, 223 Lorentz, electrical hypothesis of gravity, 177-8, 185 Magellanic clouds, spiral conformation, 213 Marchand, plane of the zodiacal light, 263 Mars, rotation of, 47-8 Maxwell, origin of matter, 161; corpuscular theory of gravitation, 173 Mayer, J. R., effects of tidal friction, 87 Mercury, action upon of solar tides, 88, 96; eccentric orbit, 242 Meteoritic formation of planets, 28-9, 119-122, 125, 128, 131-3; of comets, 122-4; of nebulæ, 126-7, 134 Meteors, abundance, 119, 133; mineralogy, 121-2, 134; hyperbolic orbits, 133; attendance on the sun, 236 Meteor-swarms, progressive dispersal, 72, 124; constitution, 122-4, 128-131; primitive existence, 134 Milky Way, theories regarding, 16-17, 215; undeveloped condition, 201, 207; relation to sun's movement, 247 Mohl, protoplasm, 270 Moment of momentum, 23, 40, 44, 45, 65, 209 Moon, origin, 87-92, 97, 139, 145; retreat from the earth, 244 Moulton, nebular cosmogony, 44, 51, 82 Myers, systems of β Lyræ and U Pegasi, 109-110 Nebulæ, gaseous composition, 37, 153, 201, 205; illusory resolution, 53; spiral structure, 79-80, 106, 146, 190, 204-208, 211-214; classification, 199; development, 200-202, 205, 207-211; relation to stars, 202-3, 205; helium ingredient, 230, 255 Nebular hypothesis, propounded by Kant, 22-8; by Laplace, 29-31, 38, 52-3, 61; difficulties, 39-52, 54-6; amendments, 60-82 Nebulium, a constituent of nebulæ, 54, 153, 201 Neptune, retrograde system of, 43, 52, 237 Newcomb, transverse observation of the zodiacal light, 260 Newton, transmission of gravity, 184, 185 Nova Persei, nebulous appurtenance, 206 Perrine, new Jovian satellites, 240 Pezénas, notice of the counterglow, 259 Phobos, anomalous revolution, 47-8, 237 Phœbe, retrograde motion, 96, 237-8 Pickering, E. C., binary nature of V Puppis, 112; structural relations of the Looped Nebula, 213 Pickering, W. H., origin of Phœbe, 97, 238; photograph of a great nebula, 212; satellite discoveries, 237, 240 Plato, conception of a world-soul, 8 Poincaré, rotational equilibrium, 101, 105, 110, 143; destiny of the solar system, 243-4 Prestwich, Laurentian graphite, 279 Proctor, structure of the Milky Way, 214 Protoplasm, its properties, 270-273 Protyle, supposed discovery, 149, 154-7; function and qualities, 152; cosmic relations, 164-5 Prout, unity of matter, 152 Radio-activity, possible effects, 33-4, 229; discovery, 157; nature and cause, 158-9, 162-3, 196 Red stars, affinities, 224-6 Redi, transmission of life, 268 Reynolds, explanation of gravity, 170; molecular physics, 188, 192-3 Richter, germ-laden aerolites, 280 Roberts, A. W., systems of R² Centauri and of V Puppis, 111, 113 Roberts, Isaac, spiral arrangements of stars, 214 Roche, planet-making expedients, 48; reconstruction of Laplace's hypothesis, 62-67 Roche's limit, 63, 115-6 Röntgen rays, discovery, 157; ethereal nature, 158, 176; electronic effects, 163; suggested connection with gravity, 176 Rothmann, early notice of the zodiacal light, 256 Russell, photographs of Magellanic Clouds, 213 Rutherford, atomic disintegration, 162 Satellites, periods of revolution, 46; anomalies of movement, 47-8, 52, 96, 236-9; effects on of tidal friction, 93-4, 96, 97, 238; origin by fission, 105; 'asteroidal,' 239-40 Saturnian system, an example to cosmogonists, 41, 71; anomalies, 49, 52, 96, 237-240 Schaeberle, photographs of nebulous spirals, 204, 212 Secchi, star-classification, 219 See, tidal friction in stellar systems, 98, 142 Shelley's Demiorgon, 9 Solar system, origin, 22, 39-42, 69-82, 241; anomalies, 29, 43-52, 236-241; mechanism, 30, 234-5; stability, 235, 242; springs of decadence, 243-5; translation, 245-8 Spectroscopic binaries, 98, 112-114, 142-4, 221 Spencer, status of nebulæ, 54; spontaneous generation, 270 Spinoza, pantheistic views, 9 Stars, relations to nebulæ, 35-6, 202-3; distribution, 147; relative ages, 217-221, 225; spectra, 221-5 Stokes, Sir George, nature of life, 276 Stoney, criticism of gravitational hypothesis, 179 Sun, mode of development, 25, 31; maintenance of heat, 31-5; helium-constituent, 55-6; stellar relationships, 224-5; actual standing, 232-3; motion in space, 245-8 Swedenborg, cosmic evolution, 4, 6, 15 Thales, ideas of cosmic evolution, 4, 14, 151 Thomson, J. J., mass of corpuscles, 158; gravitational effects, 173; Röntgen rays and gravity, 176; ether and matter, 190 Tidal friction, effects in earth-moon system, 28, 87-92, 94, 97, 244; in other sub-systems, 48, 50, 93-7, 238-9; on binary stars, 98-9, 108, 142; modifying power, 46-7, 67-8, 83-7 Tisserand, transmission-rate of gravity, 175 Uranian system, retrograde motion, 43, 52, 70, 237 Variable stars, 108-115 Venus, mode of rotation, 96 Vogel, stellar development, 219, 225 Whewell, status of nebulæ, 54 Whittaker, undulatory theory of gravity, 178-9 Wilson, radium in the sun, 34 Wolf, C., motion of Phobos, 48; solar tidal friction, 67; criticism of Faye's cosmogony, 73 Wolf, Max, photographs of the zodiacal light, 263 World Soul, function in cosmogony, 8-9 Wright, theory of the Milky Way, 16-17, 18, 20 Zodiacal light, origin, 256-7, 261, 264; triple aspect, 257-60; transversal dimensions, 260; constitution, 262; plane of extension, 262-3

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