INDEX
Reading edition
Académie Française, 168
Academy of Medicine, 146, 147, 155, 157
Academy of Sciences, French, 25, 37, 67, 69, 73, 86, 149, 156, 157
Agramonte, A., 314
Alexander, servant of Th. Smith, 237, 239, 244
Alexander, the Great, 10
Alt, K., 354
Anthrax, 108-122;
Koch proves microbe cause of, 115
Antitoxin, diphtheria, 198-206;
first produced in America by Park, 201;
first tried on child, 201;
Roux announces cure by, 204, 205
Aquinas, St. Thomas, 341
Aristotle, 7, 27
Arrhenius, Svante, 56
Arsenic, changed by Ehrlich into magic bullet, 349-355
Atoxyl, Ehrlich’s experiments with, 347-349
Balard, Prof., 80, 81, 82, 83, 101
Baptist, John the, 91
Bassi, Laura, 28
Bastianelli, Dr., 304-305
Baumgarten, J., 220
Bayer, 205;
new magic bullet, 357, 358
Beer, diseases of, 97, 98
Beethoven, 55, 175, 222, 236, 250
Behring E., 184-206;
attempts chemical cure of diphtheria, 195;
discovers diphtheria antitoxin, 198-200;
other references, 220, 234, 338, 340
Bernard, Claude, 73, 101
Bertheim, A., 349, 354, 355
Bignami, 304-305
Bigo, M., 64, 69
Biot, the horse doctor, conversion of, by Pasteur, 163
Bloxam, Rosa, 281
Bonnet, Charles, 33, 47, 51
Bordet, J., 226-227
Bourrel, the horse doctor, 170
Boyle, Robert, 8, 19
Bruce, David, 252-277;
discovers microbe Malta fever, 254;
discovers trypanosome of nagana, 257;
discovers trypanosome of sleeping sickness, 264-266;
other references to, 235, 278, 346, 357;
proof tsetse fly carries nagana, 259-262;
proves tsetse fly carries sleeping sickness, 267-270;
surgeon at siege of Ladysmith, 262
Bruce, Lady, 252-277
Buffon, Count, 36, 42
Bux, Mahomed, 292, 293
Carroll, J., 311-333;
bitten by yellow fever mosquito, 318;
death of, 332
Carter, H. R., 316
Castellani, A., 264, 265
Chaillou, M., 203
Chamberland, M., work with Pasteur on anthrax and rabies, 147-182, 221
Chappuis, Charles, 60
Charles II, of England, 8
Child-bed Fever, Pasteur discovers cause of, 146
Cholera, Asiatic, 140-143;
Metchnikoff feeds microbes of, to self and assistants, 225
Cholera, of chickens, vaccine discovered for, 152-156
Claus, Prof., coins term “phagocyte” for Metchnikoff, 214
Cohn, F., 120, 122, 123
Cohnheim, J., 121, 122, 123, 128, 129
Cooke, Dr., 325, 328
Cromwell, 7
Darwin, 209, 233
Davaine, Dr. C., 109
Dean, Wm., bitten by yellow fever mosquito, 319
De Blowitz, 160, 162, 164
De Graaf, Regnier, 8
De la Rochette, Baron, 158
De la Tour, Cagniard, experiments on alcoholic fermentation, 60, 61, 65
De Saussure, 51, 54
Diphtheria, 184-206;
antitoxin discovered by Behring, 198-206;
microbe of, discovered, 185-187;
new method of prevention, 206;
toxin discovered by Roux, 189-193
Dostoevski, F., 207
Duclaux, E., 88, 89, 90, 94
Dumas, A., 87
Dumas, J. B., 60, 69, 73, 91, 92, 96, 156
Duns Scotus, 341
Edison, T. A., 287
Ehrenberg, 59
Ehrlich, Paul, 334-358;
announces cure human syphilis by salvarsan, 355;
attempts to find law of immunity, 339;
changes arsenic into magic bullet, 349-355;
cures syphilis of rabbits, 353;
discovers chemical cure for mal de caderas, 343-345;
discovers salvarsan (606), 350-356;
experiments with atoxyl, 347-349;
invents stain for tubercle microbe, 336;
other references to, 121, 194;
side-chain theory of immunity, 340;
worries over deaths from salvarsan, 356-357
Ellis, 52, 53, 54
Evolution, theory of organic, 78;
championed by Metchnikoff, 209
Faraday, Michael, 56, 64
Fehleisen, F., discovers microbe of erysipelas, 139
Fermentation, 60;
alcoholic, 60, 61, 71, 72, 73, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103;
lactic, 64, 65, 66, 67
Finlay, Carlos, 312, 313, 315, 316, 324
Fischer, Emil, 56
Flaubert, E., 228
Folk, L., 325, 327, 328
Force, vegetative, 37 et seq.
Fraatz, Emmy, 105
Frederick, the Great, 45
Frémy, M., 99, 100, 101
Gaffky, G., 129, 131, 132, 138, 141
Galileo, 4, 26, 27, 63, 163
Gamaléia, Dr., 217, 219, 224
Garrè, Dr., injects self with dangerous microbes, 139
Germ theory, battle of, 124
Gernez, M., 94, 95
Gibbons, Staff-Sergeant, 264
Goethe, W., 198, 222
Gorgas, W. C., 329, 330
Grancher, Dr., 179
Grassi, B., 298-310;
other references to, 235, 278, 279, 288, 315, 328;
practical demonstration malaria prevention, 307;
proves anopheles mosquito carries human malaria, 301-306
Grew, Nehemiah, 16
Guérin, J., 155, 156, 157
Guitéras, J., death of yellow fever patients in experiments, 330, 331
Hanging-drop, invention of, 113, 114
Harvey, William, 19
Hata, S., 352, 353
Hely-Hutchinson, Sir W., 255, 259, 262
Homer, 28, 55
Hoogvliet, 24
Hooke, Robert, 16
Immunity, 207-229;
due to phagocytes, 212-229;
Ehrlich attempts find law of, 339;
side-chain theory of, 340
Inquisition, Grand, 27
Institut Pasteur, 181, 187, 217, 218, 222
Invisible College, The, 7, 27
Jenner, E., 155
Jernegan, W., 325, 327, 328
Joly, M., 85, 86
Joseph II, of Austria, 49
Joubert, Prof., 147
Kadereit, 342, 344, 347, 348, 349, 356
Kagwa, Apolo, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272
Khan, Husein, as experimental animal for Ross, 288, 289
Kilborne, F. L., 237-251
Kissenger, Private, 322, 324, 326;
paralysis of, from yellow fever experiment, 333;
volunteers for mosquito bite, 323
Kitasato, S., 194, 338
Koch, Mrs., 106, 107, 110, 111, 300
Koch, Robert, 105-144;
dangerous experiments with tuberculosis, 136;
discovers microbe of cholera, 140-143;
experiments with anthrax, 108-128;
failure to cure tuberculosis with vaccine, 193, 194, 299;
first photographs microbes, 123;
invention of hanging-drop, 113, 114;
other references to, 24, 104, 145, 146, 147, 148, 166, 167, 168, 184, 185, 193, 194, 198, 200, 209, 211, 219, 234, 236, 237, 238, 250, 297, 299, 300, 304, 305, 314, 323, 335, 336, 338, 339;
proves microbe cause of anthrax, 115;
pure culture microbes discovered, 125, 126;
works on cause of tuberculosis, 128-138
Laveran, A., discovers malaria parasite, 281;
microbe of, demonstrated by Manson to Ross, 282;
other references to, 296, 342, 343
Lavoisier, A., 77
Lazear, J., 311-333;
bitten by yellow fever mosquito, 318;
died of yellow fever, 320
Lazear, Mrs. J., 312
Leeuwenhoek, Antony, 3-24;
an admirer of God, 12;
discovers human sperm, 19;
discovers microbes, 10, 11, 12;
discovers microbes in mouth, 17, 18;
experiments on origin of microbes, 13;
failure to find disease microbes, 22;
letters to Leibniz, 23;
letters to Royal Society, 9;
microbes in pepper water, 14;
other references to, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 44, 51, 61, 76, 77, 106, 108, 109, 111, 114, 128, 137, 138, 209, 228, 250, 334, 358
Leibniz, Gottfried W., 23
Leucart, R., 209
Leupold, 349
Le Verrier, 83
Liebig, J., 70, 73
Linnæus, 59
Lister, J., 100, 106, 182
Loeffler, F., discovers diphtheria microbe, 185-187;
foretells diphtheria toxin, 187;
other references to, 129, 131, 132, 138, 188, 189, 193, 331
Louvrier, the horse doctor, 149-150
Lutchman, 287
Maillot, M., 94
Maisonneuve, Dr., 231
Malaria, 278-310;
human, Grassi proves carried by anopheles mosquito, 301-306;
Manson’s theory mosquito carries, 283;
of birds carried by gray mosquito, 292-298;
prevention of practical demonstration of, by Grassi, 307
Mal de Caderas, 342-350;
Ehrlich cures by chemical, 343-345
Malta Fever, Bruce discovers microbe of, 254 ff.
Manson, Patrick, 282-298, 315;
announces Ross’s success at Edinburgh, 296, 297;
other references to, 235;
theory mosquitoes carry malaria, 283
Maria Theresa, 45
Marquardt, M., 348, 349, 356
Martin, M., 203
Meister, Joseph, vaccination of, for rabies, 179
Metchnikoff, E., 207-233;
acquires drug habit, 210;
assistants of, Blagovestchensky, Gheorgiewski, Hugenschmidt, Saltykoff, Sawtchenko, Wagner, 222, 223;
attempts suicide, 210;
attempts to prolong life, 228-233;
champions theory of evolution, 209;
comedy of Bulgarian bacilli, 232-233;
feeds cholera to self and assistants, 225;
founds phagocyte theory, 214-229;
nicknamed “God-is-not,” 207;
nicknamed “Mamma Metchnikoff,” 222;
nicknamed “Grandpa Christmas,” 228;
other references to, 187, 234;
starts circus at Pasteur Institute, 219-220;
syphilis, prevented by, 229-232
Metchnikoff, Ludmilla, 210, 211
Metchnikoff, Olga, 211, 212, 213, 214, 219, 220, 228, 233
Microbes, origin of, 13, 31;
Bruce discovers Malta fever, 254;
of diphtheria discovered by Loeffler, 185-187;
of Texas fever discovered by Th. Smith, 244;
of the air, 83, 84, 85, 86;
of tuberculosis discovered by Koch, 128-138;
pure culture discovered, 125, 126;
spontaneous generation of, 31, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 78, 79, 86, 97
Molyneux, 16
Moran, John, 322, 327, 328;
volunteers for mosquito bite, 322, 323
Mosquito, gray carries bird malaria, 292-298;
anopheles carries human malaria, 301-306;
stegomyia carries yellow fever, 317-329
Mozart, W., 222, 280
Musset, M., 85, 86
Nabarro, 264
Nagana, 255-262;
trypanosome of, discovered by Bruce, 257;
tsetse fly carries, 259-262
Napoleon I, 55, 58
Napoleon III, 86
Needham, John T., experiments on spontaneous generation of microbes, 31 et seq.
Newton, Isaac, 8, 19, 27, 36, 63, 64, 250, 280
Nocard, M., 177
Pasteur, Louis, 57-104, 145-183;
alcoholic fermentation by yeast, 71, 72, 73, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103;
as a chemist, 61;
a violent patriot, 97;
boyhood experience with mad wolf, 57, 170;
death of, 181, 182;
disasters with anthrax vaccine, 165, 166;
discovers anthrax vaccine, 157-164;
discovers vaccine for chicken cholera, 152-156;
diseases of wines, 88, 89, 90;
experiments on spontaneous generation, 78, 79;
experiments with lactic fermentation, 64, 65, 66, 67;
experiments with microbes of the air, 83, 84, 85, 86;
inspirational letters to sisters, 59, 60;
last speech of, 182, 183;
other references to, 23, 24, 56, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 116, 121, 122, 123, 128, 132, 138, 139, 140, 141, 184, 187, 188, 193, 203, 211, 216, 218, 221, 228, 230, 234, 238, 250, 279, 312, 335, 340;
press agent for microbes, 63, 73, 77, 87, 90;
quarrel with Bernard, 101, 102, 103;
quarrels with Koch, 167, 168;
rabies vaccine discovered by, 169-181;
religious philosophy of, 79;
saves Russian peasants from rabies, 180, 181;
work on diseases of beer, 97;
work on diseases of silkworms, 91-97
Pasteurization, 90
Pasteur, Madame, 62, 63, 66, 68, 69, 72, 103, 151, 177, 182
Park, W. H., 201, 206
Peronçito, Dr., 152
Peter, the Great, 19
Pettenkofer, Max, swallows Koch’s cholera culture, 133, 134
Phagocytes, discovered by Metchnikoff, 214-229;
immunity due to, 212-229
Pidoux, Dr., theory of consumption, 108
Pompadour, Madame de, 27
Pouchet, M., 85, 86
Pouilly-le-Fort, famous experiment of, 159-164
Prolongation of life, attempted by Metchnikoff, 228-233
Prometheus, 163
Purboona, 292
Putrefaction, caused by microbes, 61
Rabelais, 166
Rabies, 169-181
Rayer, M., 109
Réaumur, René, 25
Redi, Francesco, 30, 35
Reed, W., 311-333;
death of, 333;
disproves infected clothing theory, 324, 325, 326;
fails to find microbe of yellow fever, 314, 315;
other references to, 235;
proves stegomyia mosquito carries yellow fever, 317-329
Renan, E., praises and admonishes Pasteur, 168, 169
Ross, Ronald, 278-298;
attempts proof Manson’s mosquito theory, 285-291, 297, 298;
discovers gray mosquito carries bird malaria, 292-298;
discovers malaria pigment in mosquito stomach, 289;
meets Patrick Manson, 282;
other references to, 309, 315
Rossignol, Dr., 158
Roux, E., 184-206;
announces cures by antitoxin at Buda-Pesth, 204, 205;
discovers diphtheria toxin, 189-193;
other references to, 69, 147-182, 217, 221, 229, 230, 231, 234;
syphilis prevented by, 229-232
Royal Society, 8, 25, 31, 32, 37;
as audience for Leeuwenhoek, 9, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24;
confirm Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of microbes, 16;
elect Leeuwenhoek Fellow, 16
Russian peasants, saved by Pasteur, 180-181
Ruth, Babe, 237
Rutherford, Ernest, 56
Salmon, D. E., 237, 238, 242
Salvarsan (606), discovered by Ehrlich, 350-356;
deaths from, 356-357;
Ehrlich cures human syphilis with, 355;
Ehrlich cures syphilis of rabbits with, 353
Sand, George, 87
Schaudinn, F., discovers Spirocheta pallida, 351
Schwann, Th., experiments on putrefaction by microbes, 61, 76
Semmelweis, I., 145
Servetus, 4, 27
Shiga, I., 343, 344, 345
Silkworms, diseases of, 91-97
Sleeping sickness, 263-277;
Bruce proves tsetse fly carries, 267-270;
trypanosome of, discovered, 264-266
Smiles, Dr., 96
Smith, Th., 236-251;
discovers microbe of Texas fever, 244;
first experiments with Texas fever, 240;
other references to, 252, 255, 259, 270, 278, 299, 315;
proves ticks carry Texas fever, 246
Socrates, 166
Sola, Mr., experimental animal for Grassi, 303, 304, 328
Spallanzani, Lazzaro, 25-56;
accused of theft from museum, 49, 50, 51;
bladder of, preserved, 55;
experiments cruelly on self, 41;
experiments on multiplication of microbes, 53, 54;
experiments on spontaneous generation of microbes, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44;
other references to, 24, 57, 61, 76, 77, 78, 79, 123, 128, 298;
proves microbes may live without air, 47;
studies on sex, 41
Spanish immigrants, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 323, 324, 326, 332
Speyer, F., 347
Speyer, G., 347
Spirocheta pallida, discovered by Schaudinn, 351
Spontaneous generation, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 78, 79, 86, 97
Syphilis, 229-232;
human, cure of, by salvarsan, 355;
of rabbits cured by Ehrlich’s salvarsan, 353;
prevention of, by Roux and Metchnikoff, 229-232
Taute, injects self with nagana, 276
Texas fever, 238-251;
Th. Smith discovers microbe of, 244
Thuillier, L., killed in experiments with cholera, 141;
other references to, 161, 164, 165, 173
Tick, of Texas fever, 239-251;
Smith proves carries Texas fever, 246
Toxin, of diphtheria, 187-206;
discovered by Roux, 189-193;
foretold by Loeffler, 187
Trécul, M., 99
Trypan red, discovered by Ehrlich, 345;
fails to cure nagana and sleeping sickness, 346
Trypanosome, of nagana, 257-262;
of mal de caderas, 342-352;
of sleeping sickness discovered by Bruce, 264-266
Tsetse fly, carries nagana, 259-262;
Bruce proves, carries sleeping sickness, 267-270
Tuberculosis, 128-138;
Koch’s dangerous experiments with, 136;
Koch discovers microbe of, 128-138;
Koch’s failure to cure with vaccine, 193, 194, 299
Tulloch, killed by sleeping sickness, 272
Tyndall, John, disproof of spontaneous generation of microbes, 86
Vaccines, anthrax, 157-164;
chicken cholera, 152-156;
famous Pouilly-le-Fort experiment with, 159-164;
Koch’s failure with tuberculosis vaccine, 193, 194, 299;
rabies, 169-181;
smallpox, 155
Vallisnieri, 26
Vercel, J., 179
Villemin, J. A., 128
Virchow, R., 127, 137, 214
Volta, Canon, 49, 50, 51
Voltaire, 27, 41, 50
Vulpian, Dr., 179
Wahab, Abdul, 286
Waldeyer, W., 336
Wassermann, Reaction, principle discovered by Bordet, 226
Wines, diseases of, 88, 89, 90
Wood, Gen. Leonard, 313, 321
Yellow fever, 311-333;
disproof of infected clothing theory, 324-326;
failure of Reed to find microbe of, 314, 315;
Reed proves stegomyia mosquito carries, 317-329
Yersin, A., 188-192
Zanzarone, popular name for anopheles, 302-308