Part 2 — INDEX

Abano, Peter of, as Averrhoïst, 69 as sorcerer, 109

Abelard, Peter, as rationalist, 7-8, 15, 57-8, 91, 233

Abubacer, Arabian philosopher, 60

Accusatio, system of, 141, 143-4

Achellini, Paduan Averrhoïst, 70

Advocates, use of, in Inquisition, 198-9, 240

Aegidius Romanus, vindicates Aristotle against Averrhoïsts, 67

Affirmative heretics, 185

Albertus Magnus of Cologne, 39, 64-7, 75

Albi, Catharan stronghold, 136

Albigensian Crusade, 5, 77, 137-8, 159, 162, 231

Alexander III, Pope, 18, 132, 141, 211

Alexander IV, Pope, 41, 42, 64, 107, 109, 156, 167, 202, 218

Alexander VI, Pope, and witchcraft, 118 n.

Alexander of Hales, 39, 56

Alfarabi, Arabian philosopher, 59

Alfonso II, King of Aragon, his edict against heretics, 132, 157, 172, 217

Amaury de Bène, his heresies condemned, 49, 53, 63, 165, 225

Amaury of Rheims, Rector of University of Paris, 67

Ambrose, Saint, on Priscillianism, 128

Anjou, Charles of, 168-9

Annibaldi, Senator in Rome, 154

Anselm of Bec, 7-8, 57

Antinomianism, Catharan, 31 of Amaury de Bène, 49

Antisacerdotalism in mediæval heresy, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 32-3, 53, 77, 80, 90, 136, 229-30, 234-5

Aphrodistias, Alexander of, 70

Apostolic Brethren, in Brittany, 15, 17 The followers of Segarelli, 47

Appeals from Inquisition, 226

Aquinas, St. Thomas, and Aristotelianism, 64 and Averrhoïsm, 64-5 and Realism, 91 on nature of heresy, 157-8, 183 otherwise mentioned, 39, 85, 223, 232

Aquitaine, Catharism in, 22 Spiritual Franciscans in, 43

Aragon, Inquisition in, 159, 172-3

Arc, Joan of, 109, 164, 241

Arianism, 125-6, 217

Aristotle and Arabian philosophy, 58-62, 232 and Scholasticism, 63, 66-7, 74

Arnaldo da Villanova, 41

Arnaud of Citeaux, Archbishop of Narbonne and papal legate, 137-8, 144, 146

Arnaud, Guillem, inquisitor, 159

Arnold of Brescia, 15, 18

Arnoldists, followers of Arnold of Brescia, 16, 230

Arras, witches of, 121, 203

Arzevedo, Diego de, Bishop of Osma, his work among Cathari, 137

Asceticism and profligacy, 3-5

Astrology, 108

Athanasius, Saint, on persecution, 126

Aubryot, prévôt of Paris, 163

Aucassin et Nicolette, 5-7

Augustine, Saint, on persecution, 55, 96, 127

Augustinianism, in scholastic philosophy, 56, 66-7, 75, 232

Auto-da-fé, 163, 180, 223

Auxerre, Hugh, Bishop of, 133

Avempace, Arabian philosopher, 60

Averrhoës, or Ibn-Roschd, his career, 60 n. his philosophy, 58, 60-2 attitude to religion, 61-2 and The Three Impostors, 72 views of Gerson concerning, 72 views of Petrarch concerning, 71-2

Avicenna, Arabian philosopher, 59-60

Avignon, ‘Babylonish captivity’ of, 11, 71, 80, 86, 103

Bacon, Roger, 39, 53, 74, 107

Baghdad, Aristotelian philosophers in caliphate of, 59-60

Banishment, penalty for heresy, 217, 221

Basel, Council of, 12, 234

Beatific Vision, dogma of, 84-5, 233

Beghards or Beguines, 48, 50-1, 75, 165-6, 214

Believers, Catharan adherents, 29-31

Benedict XI, Pope, 162

Benedict XII, Pope, 175

Benedict XIV, Pope, 50-1

Berengar of Tours, 7, 57, 130, 140 n., 229

Bergamo, Dolcino’s crusade in, 47

Bernard de Caux, inquisitor in Languedoc, 148, 202, 215, 227

Bernard, Saint, and Abelard, 8, 57 and Henry of Lausanne, 17 otherwise mentioned, 3, 38, 85

Béziers, Spiritual Franciscans in, 43 fall of, in Albigensian Crusade, 138

Bishops, failure of their courts to deal with heresy, 141-5 their part in Inquisition, 182-3

Black Death, its influence on Flagellant mania, 51

Boccaccio, his tale of The Three Rings, 72-3

Boëthius of Dacia, Parisian Averrhoïst, 58, 66-9

Bogomiles, Manichæan sect, 22, 24, 26

Bohemia, Catharism in, 22 Flagellants in, 51 Husitism in, 94-8 (passim), 175 Inquisition in, 159, 174-5

Bois, Peter du, 78

Bologna, University of, 6, 70, 95

Bonaventura, Saint, 39, 41, 53, 56

Boniface VIII, Pope, 42, 77-80, 107, 160, 174

Boniface IX, 50

Bosnia, Catharism in, 174

Bourges, Pragmatic Sanction of, 103, 164

Brescia, Dolcino in, 47

‘Brethren of the Free Spirit,’ 49, 51, 165-6, 175

British Isles, their immunity from Inquisition, 176-7

Brittany, see Apostolic Brethren

Bruno of Cologne, founder of Carthusian order, 38

Bruys, Pierre de, 17

Bulgaria, Catharism in, 23 n., 174

Bulls, papal: Ad abolendam (Lucius III), 133 Ad extirpanda (Innocent IV), 155-7, 167, 201, 213, 221 Clericis laïcos (Boniface VIII), 77, 79 Cum adversus haereticam pravitatem (Innocent IV), 154, 220 Cum inter nonnullos (John XXII), 45 Etsi de statu (Boniface VIII), 79 Excommunicamus (Gregory IX), 153-4 Exiit qui seminat (Nicholas III), 42, 44 Licet Heli (Innocent III), 190 Pastoralis Praeeminentiae (Clement V), 176 Quod super nonnullis (Alexander IV), 107 Quorundam (John XXII), 43-4 Unam sanctam (Boniface VIII), 77

Burgundy, Inquisition in, 159 Robert le Bugre in, 163

Calabria, Joachim of Flora in, 34

Calomar, Duke of Croatia and Dalmatia, 174

Cambrai, burning of heretics at, anno 1076, 129-30 Robert le Bugre in, 162

Canon law, and clerical abuses, 12 and witchcraft, 112-13 and torture, 177, 201 and death-penalty, 131, 134, 143, 193, 222, 238

Carcassonne, Catharism in, 148 Spiritual Franciscans in, 43

Castelnau, Pierre de, papal legate in Languedoc, 137, 144-6

Cathari, 12, 22-34, 38, 46, 77, 84, 95, 128-38, 151, 159, 160, 170, 211, 214-18, 229, 236, 242

Celestine III, Pope, 34

Cesena, Michael de, 79, 81, 85

Châlons, Apostolic Brethren in diocese of, 15

Chambre ardente in Parlement de Paris, 165

Champagne, Catharism in, 22 Robert le Bugre in, 162

Charles IV, Emperor, 165

Chrysostom, Saint, on treatment of heretics, 113, 126-7

Citations, inquisitorial, 188, 192

Civil courts, influence of Inquisition on, 177, 205 n., 242

Civitas Dei, conception of, 1, 12, 32, 77

Clarendon, Assize of, 132, 177, 217-18

Clement V, Pope, 42, 44, 48, 156, 161-2, 176-7, 202

Clement VI, Pope, 52

Clement VII, Pope, 85

‘Clementines,’ the, decrees of Clement V, 161-2, 165

Cologne, mob and heretics in, anno 1143, 180

Commutation of penalties in Inquisition, 225-6

Compagnia della Fede, in Milan, 167

Conciliar movement, 12-13, 96, 103

Confiscation of property, inquisitorial penalty, 211-14, 216-17, 227

Conrad of Marburg, 146, 147 n., 165

Consolamentum, Catharan rite, 28-31

Constance, Council of, 51, 98-102, 234

Constantine, Emperor, 125, 151

Contumacious heretics, treatment of, 219, 221, 227

Conventuals, see Franciscans

Cordova, Aristotelian philosophers in caliphate of, 59

Council, General, principle of, 11-12, 81-3 views of Michael of Cesena concerning, 81 views of Ockham, 81 views of Marsiglio, 82 views of Gerson, D’Ailly, Niem, etc., 11, 96-7

Councils, decrees of ecclesiastical: Albi (1254), 199 Avignon (1209), 143 Béziers (1233), 209 Béziers (1246), 209-10, 215, 220 Lateran (1179), second, 132 Lateran (1215), fourth, 141-3, 155, 201, 222 Montpellier (1119), 136, 143 Narbonne (1227), 143, 208, 215 Rheims (1049), 131 Rheims (1157), 131, 141, 217 Tarragona (1242), 173, 197, 205, 220 Toulouse (1119), 131 Tours (1163), 131 Valence (1248), 148, 209 Verona (1184), 19, 133, 141-2, 155, 217 Vienne (1311-12), 43-4, 70, 161, 180, 183

Counsellors, inquisitorial, or periti, 182

Creighton, Bishop, on religious tolerance, 238

Cremona, Peter Martyr in, 167

Crocesegnati, the, 167

Crosses, wearing of, as inquisitorial penance, 208-9, 225, 227-8

Crusade, see Albigensian

Crusades and Islamism, 62, 70-3

Czech nationalism and Husite movement, 95, 103

D’Ailly, Cardinal Peter, a moderate reformer, 11, 234 his defence of Conciliar movement, 86, 97 at Council of Constance, 98, 100, 102 and astrology, 108

Dalmatia, Inquisition in, 174

Damiani, Peter, 38

Dancing mania, the, 5, 53, 105, 166

Dante, and Joachim of Flora, 34 and Dolcino, 47 and Siger of Brabant, 69 his De Monarchia, 80-1

Defence, difficulties of, in Inquisition, 192-205 (passim), 240-2

Defensor Pacis, Marsiglio’s, 45, 82-3

Delation, inquisitorial encouragement of, 141-4, 180-1

Delays, inquisitorial, 200-1, 228

Delegates, inquisitors as papal, 144-9 (passim), 179 assistants to inquisitors, 180

Délicieux, Bernard, 160, 162, 194

De aeternitate mundi, work by Siger, 66

De anima intellectiva, work by Siger, 66

De haeretico comburendo, statute of, 94, 177

De modis uniendi et reformandi ecclesiam, tract attributed to Niem, 97

De unitate intellectus contra Averroëm, of Albertus Magnus, 64

De unitate intellectus contra Averroïstas, of Aquinas, 66

Denuntiatio, judicial system of, 141, 144

Diffamatio, judicial system of, 143, 190-3

Disabilities, civil, of heretics, 217

Dolcino, Fra, 12, 47-8, 214, 231

Dominic, Saint, 38-9, 137, 145, 208-9

Dominicans, in University of Paris, 56, 64 rivalry with Franciscans, 65, 232 use by Gregory IX against heretics, 140 areas allotted to, for prosecution of heresy, 159

Donatists, 14, 125, 127, 229

Duns Scotus, 91

Eccelin da Romano, 168

Eckhart, Master, 49, 53

Edward I and Boniface VIII, 79

Edward II and Templars, 176-7

Elias of Cortona, 39

Empire and Papacy, their relations, 1-3, 13, 42, 45, 72, 79, 84, 152

Endura, Catharan suicide, 27, 29

England and Inquisition, see British Isles

Eon de l’Etoile, 12, 15, 17, 231

Episcopal Courts, see Bishops

Erasmus, 72, 166

Eriugena, John Scotus, 57, 229, 233

Eugenius IV, Pope, 51, 103, 118

Evidence, rules of, in Inquisition, 195-8

Excommunication, of heretics, 217, 224 for secular rulers neglecting their duties against heretics, 156-7

Extortion, inquisitorial, 210-14

Eymeric, Nicholas, inquisitor of Aragon, on authorship of The Everlasting Gospel, 36 relations with Raymond Lully, 71 complaints of poverty of Aragonese Inquisition, 173 his ideals as inquisitor, 179 on use of advocates, 198-9 on use of torture, 203-4 on fines in Inquisition, 210, 214 on eleventh hour repentances, 219 his Directorium Inquisitorum, 244-5

Fabiano, inquisitor, 174

Fabri, citizen of Carcassonne, prosecuted posthumously, 160

Familiars, inquisitorial officials, 180-1

Fautors of heretics, treatment of, 187

Ferdinand the Catholic, of Aragon, 172

Ferrer, inquisitor in Languedoc, 159

Fines, exaction of, by Inquisition, 210-11

Fiore, see Joachim of Flora

Fitzralph, Archbishop of Armagh, on doctrine of poverty, 84

Flagellants, why considered heretics, 5, 231 spread of the mania, 51-3, 105, 166, 242

Flagellation, inquisitorial penance, 208-9

Flanders, Tanchelm in, 14 Catharism in, 22 Flagellants in, 51, 53 Robert le Bugre in, 162-3

Florence, Peter Martyr in, 167

France, northern, Inquisition in, 151, 159, 162-5

Francis of Assisi, Saint, 8, 38-48 (passim), 53

Franciscans, influence of their founder, 38 of Elias of Cortona, 39 the Conventuals, 39, 41, 43, 79 the Spirituals, 41-4, 48-53 (passim), 77-84 (passim), 231 rivalry with Dominicans, 56, 65, 146-8, 159, 232 used by Gregory IX against heretics, 146-8 areas allotted to them for prosecution of heresy, 159

Fraticelli, in Languedoc, 45, 214 in Germany, 48-9

Frederick I, Barbarossa, Emperor, relations of Church and State under, 2 his treatment of heretics, 133, 150, 157

Frederick II, Emperor, and Averrhoïsts, 62 and The Three Impostors, 72 his Constitutions against heresy, 149-56, 166, 169, 220 question of his responsibility for the stake, 151-2 orders destruction of heretics’ houses, 218

Gaunt, John of, 93

Geoffrey d’Ablis, inquisitor in Languedoc, 202

Gerard of Abbeville, opponent of Mendicants in University of Paris, 65

Germany, Catharism in, 22 Flagellants in, 51-3 Illuminism in, 47 Inquisition in, 50, 151, 157, 165-166, 218

Gerson, Jean, moderate reformer, 11, 234 on Averrhoës, 72 on General Councils, 96-8, 102

Ghazali, or Algazel, opponent of Arabian Aristotelianism, 60

Gherardo da Borgo San Donnino, reputed author of The Everlasting Gospel, 36

Ghibellines and heresy, 168

Goslar, execution of heretics at, 129

Grace, time of, in inquisitorial practice, 191

Gratian, on witchcraft, 112 on death penalty for heretics, 131 on torture, 201

Greece, infected by Catharism, 22

Gregory VII, Pope, and heretics of Cambrai, 130

Gregory IX, Pope, on teachings of Aristotle, 63 and Frederick II, 72 and the Mendicant orders, 39, 145-9 and Conrad of Marburg, 146 attitude of, to episcopal jurisdiction over heresy, 130, 148-9 question of his responsibility for the stake, 152-5, 220 otherwise mentioned, 162, 166, 169, 173

Gregory XI, Pope, 50, 109, 118 n., 166, 170

Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln, 8, 9, 35, 63

Guala, Bishop of Brescia, 153

Guglielma, 46, 105

Gui, Bernard, inquisitor in Languedoc, 184, 202 his resentment against the Clementines, 161 on the ideal inquisitor, 179 classification of his sentences, 227 his Practica, 245 his Sententiæ, 245

Harding, Stephen, 38

Henry II of England, and Cathari, 132 and Assize of Clarendon, 132, 157

Henry III, Emperor, and Cathari, 129

Henry VI, Emperor, 132-3, 218

Henry of Lausanne, 17

Heretic, definition of, 123, 183-5 compared to coiner, 157-8 compared to traitor, 211, 214, 223

Hohenstaufen, fall of the house of, 77, 79, 168

Holland, Flagellants in, 51

Holy Ghost, predicted advent of, 37, 40 supposed incarnations of, 66, 232

Holy Roman Empire, conceptions of, 1-3, 78

Honorius III, Pope, 8, 35, 150, 169 n.

Houses, destruction of heretics’, 218

Hugo of Saint Victor, 57

Hungary, Catharism in, 22 Flagellants in, 51 Inquisition in, 174

Hus, John, expounds doctrines of Wycliffe, 94-6 summoned to Bologna, 95 his doctrine of Predestination, 96 at Constance, 98-103 otherwise mentioned, 11, 12, 175, 234, 243, 244

Illuminism, 49, 51

Immaculate Conception, dogma of the, 86, 233

Impenitent heretic, treatment of the, 219-21, 224

Imperfect heretic, treatment of the, 185

Impostors, The Three, 72

Imprisonment, inquisitorial penance, 212, 214, 225, 227-8 perpetual, 131, 215-16, 220-1, 227

Innocent III, Pope, and Albigensian Crusade, 135-7 and system of inquisitio, 144-5 and demolition of heretics’ houses, 218

Innocent IV, Pope, his bull Cum adversus haereticam pravitatem, 154-5 his bull Ad extirpanda, 155, 167, 201, 213 his regulations regarding torture, 156, 201-2 on exaction of fines, 210 on demolition of heretics’ houses, 218 his attitude towards persecution, 220 otherwise mentioned, 9, 42, 146, 148

Innocent VIII and witchcraft, 118

Inquisitio generalis, 191-2

Inquisitio specialis, 191-2

Inquisitio, judicial system of, 177, 190, 242

Intellect, the active and passive, Averrhoïst doctrine of, 60-1, 66-7

Interrogatory, inquisitorial, 192-205 (passim)

Intolerance, religious, its causes, 235-6, 238

Italy, Manichæism in, 22 Arnaldo da Villanova in, 41 Spiritual Franciscans in, 43-5, 47, 60 Flagellants in, 51 Siger of Brabant in, 69 Averrhoïsm in, 70 Inquisition in, 44, 151, 153, 157, 166-71, 213, 217

Isabella, Queen of Castile, 172

Islam, philosophy of, 59-61 Lully’s crusade against, 70-1

Ivo of Chartres, 112, 141, 225

Janow, Matthias of, 94

Jehovah, Catharan views concerning, 23

Jerome of Prague, at Council of Constance, 98, 102 Poggio and his death, 102 otherwise mentioned, 95, 126, 175, 243

Joachim of Flora, 34-8, 40-7

John the Baptist, Catharan views on, 25

John of Parma, see Parma

John XXI, Pope, 68

John XXII, Pope, his attitude towards doctrine of poverty, 43-5, 77 relations with Lewis of Bavaria, 45, 79, 84 attacked by Michael of Cesena, Ockham, etc., 79, 81 attitude towards doctrine of Beatific Vision, 85 attitude towards sorcery, 109 otherwise mentioned, 162

Julian, Emperor, on persecution among Christians, 106, 125

Kerlinger, German inquisitor, 166

Koran, orthodox faith of, 59, 70

Kremsier, John Militz, 94

Lactantius, on persecution, 124

Landun, John of, Averrhoïst, 69, 70

Languedoc, Saracen influence in, 16, 62, 231 Henricians in, 17 Catharism in, 41, 138 Joachitism in, 41, 43 Averrhoïsm in, 62 Inquisition in, 159-62, 215-17, 218 otherwise mentioned, 136, 137, 139, 230

Lawyers in Inquisition, 182

Lecky, W. E. H., on religious persecution, 238

Leo I, Pope, 128

Leo X, Pope, as patron of Aristotelianism, 70

Leo the Isaurian, 22

Lessines, Gilles de, in correspondence with Albertus Magnus, 65-6

Lessing, his Nathan der Weise, 73

Lewis the Bavarian, his conflict with John XXII, 45, 79

Liège, mob and heretics in, anno 1145, 130

Locke, on religious toleration, 235

Lollards, extent of their influence, 93-4, 103

Lombard, Peter, 57, 85

Lombardy, Dolcino in, 48 Inquisition in, 150, 153, 167-8

Lorraine, Inquisition in, 159

Louis the Great of Hungary, 174

Louis IX, King of France, 151, 163

Luciferans, see Brethren of the Free Spirit

Lucius III, Pope, 133, 211-12, 226

Lully, Raymond, his crusade against Islam, 70 in conflict with Eymeric, 71

Luther, his indebtedness to Hus, 103, 234 otherwise mentioned, 89, 92, 106, 166

Lutheranism, soil prepared for, in Germany, 49, 51

Magdeburg, Albert, Archbishop of, 153

Maifreda, devotee of Guglielma, 46

Mainz, Pragmatic Sanction of, 103

Maistre, Joseph de, on tolerance, 237 defends Spanish Inquisition, 240

Malleus Maleficarum, by Sprenger, 113

Manichæism, revival of ancient, 22, 32 its different forms, 24, 27 in Roman empire, 126-7 otherwise, see Catharism

Marca, Giacomo della, his crusade in Slavonia, 174

Marguerite la Porète, her execution, 163

Marriage, Catharan views concerning, 27 views of Conrad Schmidt concerning, 52-3

Marsh, Adam, 35

Marsiglio of Padua, arguments of his Defensor Pacis, 45, 53, 73, 82-4, 86-7, 97

Martin V, Pope, 103

Martin of Tours and Priscillian, 128

Martyr, Peter, as inquisitor in Italy, 167

Mary, the Virgin, Catharan views concerning, 14, 25 See also Immaculate Conception

Maximus, Emperor, and Priscillian, 127-8

Melfi, Constitutions of, 150-1

Mendicant orders, see under Dominicans, Franciscans

Metempsychosis, Catharan belief in, 26

Milan, Guglielmites in, 46 Dolcino in, 47 Peter Martyr in, 167

Mill, John Stuart, his views on religious toleration, 238

Minorites, see Franciscans

Missionary character of inquisitors, 188-90, 219, 239-40

Mithraism, 123

Moneta, on Waldensianism, 19

Montfort, Simon de, in Albigensian Crusade, 138

Montségur, fall of, 160

Moors, see Saracens

Moral offences, when triable by Inquisition, 187-8

Naples, Inquisition in, 168

Narbonne, Spiritual Franciscans in, 43 Arabian philosophy in, 62

Nationality, force of, in religious matters, 2-3, 78-80, 94-5, 103, 177

Navarre, Inquisition in, 159

Negative heretic, treatment of, 185

Neoplatonism, 55-6, 59, 123

Nicaea, Council of, 125

Nicholas d’Abbeville, inquisitor in Languedoc, 160, 226 n.

Nicholas III, Pope, 42, 44

Nicholas V, Pope, 164, 169

Niem, Dietrich, and Conciliar movement, 11, 97-8

Nifo, Augustino, Paduan Averrhoïst, 70

Nominalism, its tendencies towards Tritheism or Unitarianism, 7, 234 and doctrine of Transubstantiation, 91, 92, 95

Norbert, Saint, Archbishop of Magdeburg, 14, 38

Ockham, William of, in controversy against John XXII, 45, 53, 79 his arguments in favour of General Councils, 81-2, 97 otherwise mentioned, 91

Olivi, Pierre Jean, 41

Orcagna, his delineation of Averrhoës, 72

Ordeal, used for trial of heresy, 141

Ortlieb of Strassburg, 49

Orvieto, death of Siger of Brabant at, 69

Oxford, University of, 6

Padua, centre of Italian Averrhoïsm, 69-70

Pallavicino, Uberto da, 168

Pantheism, and Realism, 7, 91, 234 in Germany, 49

Paramo, Ludovico à, on origin of Inquisition, 188 on death penalty for heresy, 223 on nature of heresy, 237

Paris, University of, Averrhoïsm in, 56, 63 controversies in, 64, 69 its part in Conciliar movement, 96-7 otherwise mentioned, 6, 35, 50, 85, 164-5

Parlement de Paris, its jurisdiction over heresy, 164-5

Parma, Segarelli in, 47 Inquisition in, 168

Parma, John of, and Spiritual Franciscans, 36, 40-1, 53

Partenay, Sire de, 163 n.

Paul, Saint, on ‘false prophets,’ 124 otherwise mentioned, 194

Paulicians, see Cathari

Peckham, John, Archbishop, his controversy with the Dominicans, 56, 65

Pedro II, King of Aragon, his edict against heretics, 132, 134, 137, 157, 172, 217

Peñaforte, Raymond of, his influence on Gregory IX regarding heresy, 153 his activity in Aragon, 172-3 his definition of a heretic, 183

Penances, inquisitorial penalties regarded as, 188-90 their nature, 206-15, 219, 221, 227, 239

Perfected heretic, treatment of, 185

Perfected, the, among Cathari, 28-31

Peter Lombard, see Lombard

Peter Martyr, see Martyr

Peter the Venerable, 17

Petrarch, his opinion of Averrhoïsts, 71-2

Petrobrusians, 17, 230

Philip Augustus, King of France, his treatment of heretics, 130 and Albigensian Crusade, 137-8

Philip IV, the fair, his quarrel with Boniface VIII, 78, 80, 160 and inquisitorial abuses in Languedoc, 160-1, 202 maintains supremacy of crown over Inquisition in France, 161-4 his attack on Templars, 164

Philosophy, see Scholastic, also Aristotle, Averrhoës, Siger, etc.

Picardy, Catharism in, 22

Piedmont, Waldensianism in, 170

Pilgrimages, inquisitorial penance of, 205-8, 211, 227

Pisa, Council of, 97

Pius II, Pope, 103

Pleadings, possible, for defence before Inquisition, 197-200

Poggio and Jerome of Prague, 102

Poland, Inquisition in, 174-5

Pollock, Sir F., on religious intolerance, 238-9

Polycarp, on heretics, 124

Pomponazzi, as Aristotelian, 70

Ponzinibio and witchcraft, 113

Poor Men of Lyons, see Waldo

Portugal, Inquisition in, 172

Poverty, Franciscan doctrine of, 40-6, 79, 81, 230-1

Praemunire, statute of, 79

Prague, University of, 94, 105

Prato, Edict of, 218

Priscillian, Spanish heretic, 127

Prisons, inquisitorial, 215-16

Privileges of inquisitors, 179

Protestants and persecution, 239

Provence, see Languedoc

Provisors, Statute of, 79

Pulci, his Morgante Maggiore, 73

Purgatio Canonica, system of, 142, 191-2

Rainerio Saccone, see Saccone

Rais, Maréchal Gilles de, 109-11

Raymond V, Count of Toulouse, 136

Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse, 136-7

Realism, philosophy of, its tendency to Pantheism, 7, 234 of Aquinas, 91 of Wycliffe, 91, 95, 233

Reformation, the Protestant, 1, 12, 94, 98, 103-4

Registers, inquisitorial, 181

Relapsed heretic, treatment of, 181, 219-21, 224

Relaxation to secular arm, formula of, 220, 227-8 responsibility of Church for, 220 responsibility of State regarding, 149-50 (passim), 221-2, 237-8

Religion, Averrhoïst views regarding, 61, 67-9, 72-6

Renaissance, of twelfth century, 112, 232, 234 Italian, 1, 76, 103, 234

Reuchlin, 104, 166

Richard of Cluny, 19

Robert II, King of France, and Cathari, 128

Robert le Bugre, 162-3

Rome, Annibaldi in, 154

Roscellinus, his heresy, 7, 12, 57, 129, 229

Sabbat, the witches’, 110-16, 121

Saccone, Rainerio, of Vicenza, 167-8

Sachsenhausen, Protest of, 45

Sacraments, Donatist views concerning, 17 Petrobrusian views concerning, 17 Henrician rejection of, 17 Catharan attitude to, 28

Sacraments, Conrad Schmidt’s views concerning, 53 Flagellants’ views concerning, 5, 52

Saint-George, Fulk de, inquisitor in Languedoc, 160

Salimbene, and his Chronicle, 36

Salvation, Exclusive, influence of doctrine on religious intolerance, 238

Saracens, their influence in Languedoc, 16, 62 influence in Spain, 59, 73 on Frederick II, 62 otherwise mentioned, 132, 138

Satan, Catharan views regarding, 24 witches, supposed compact with, 105, 124 (passim)

Savonarola, 241

Savoy, Waldenses in, 170

Scandinavia, Inquisition in, 176

Scepticism and religious toleration, 238

Schism, the papal, 11, 12, 71, 80, 86, 96-8, 103, 164, 166, 171

Schmidt, Conrad, 52

Scholastic philosophy, 6-8, 54, 56, 62-76 (passim), 81-104 (passim), 232-5

Scot, Michael, 62

Secular arm, see Relaxation

Segarelli, Gherardo, 46-7, 105, 231

Sens, Council of ecclesiastical province of, 63

Sermo generalis, see auto-da-fé.

Sicily, Inquisition in, 150, 167

Siger of Brabant, leader of Paris Averrhoïsts, 12, 66-9, 244

Sigismund, King of the Romans, at Council of Constance, 99, 101 otherwise mentioned, 174

Socii, their functions in Inquisition, 180

Sorcery, 105-11

Spain, Inquisition in, 44, 171-3 Arabian philosophy in, 59-62, 73

Spina, Bartholomew de, on witchcraft, 113, 115

Spiritual Franciscans, see Franciscans

Sprenger, on witchcraft, 113-20 (passim)

Stake, the, death of Hus at, 102 of Jerome of Prague at, 102 of de Rais at, 111 of witches at, 118-19 of Cathari at, anno 1022, 128 of heretics of Cambrai at, anno 1076, 129 edict of Pedro II enjoining, 132-3 attitude of mob to, 129-35 (passim) attitude of Church to, 130, 149-58, 219-24 Constitutions of Frederick II relating to, 149-56 responsibility of Gregory IX for, 149-54, 220 justification of, by Aquinas, 157-8 penalty for impenitent and relapsed, 219-20 prescribed by De Haeretico Comburendo, 94, 177 ceremony of, at autos, 223 frequency of the penalty of, 227-8

Strassburg, mob and heretics at, anno 1114, 130

Suspects of heresy, treatment of, 185-7

Synodal witnesses, see Testes Synodales

Tanchelm, 14, 15, 229, 231

Tempier, Etienne, Bishop of Paris, 66-8

Templars, suppression of the, 164, 176-7, 241

Tertullian, on heretics, 124-5

Testes synodales, 143, 190-1

Theocracy, mediæval, 1-3, 238, 239-40

Theodosius II, his laws against heretics, 126

Theoduin, Bishop of Liège, his advice regarding treatment of heretics, 130

Toleration, principle of religious, 73, 83, 124-5, 222, 235-9

Tors, Conrad, 165

Torture, of reputed witches, 119-22 used by Constantine against Donatists, 125 in days of Julian, 125-6 used against Templars, 176-7 Edward II prevailed upon to sanction use of, in England, 176-7 of delay, 200-1, 228 as used in Inquisition, 201-5, 240, 242 rules of Ad extirpanda concerning, 201 frequency of, 201-3 repetition or continuation of, 203-4 otherwise mentioned, 227

Transubstantiation, views of Berengar concerning, 7 views of Wycliffe concerning, 90-2, 233

Treason, analogy of heresy to, 211, 214, 223

Treviso, Inquisition in, 169

Trinity, tendencies of Realism and Nominalism regarding doctrine of, 7, 85, 100

Tritheism, of Roscellinus, 7

Trivium, the, 56

Troubadours, their antisacerdotalism, 136, 230

Tuscany, Honorius III and heretics in, 169 n.

Uberto da Pallavicino, see Pallavicino

Urban IV, Pope, 63, 202

Urban V, Pope, 165, 174

Valentinian II, his laws against heretics, 126

Val, Simon du, French inquisitor, 68

Vaudois, see (i) Waldensianism, (ii) Witchcraft in Arras

Vegetarianism, Catharan, 26

Venice, legislation against sorcery in, 107 Inquisition in, 169-70

Vercelli, Dolcino in, 47

Vincent of Beauvais, 57

Waldensianism, 10, 12, 16, 19-22, 32, 75, 77, 95, 132, 165, 170-1, 175, 193, 229, 231

Waldhäuser, Conrad, 94

Waldo, Peter, 18-20, 140 n., 230

Wazon, Bishop of Liège, on toleration, 130

Wenzel, King of Bohemia, and University of Prague, 95

Wessel, Johann, 166

William of Auxerre, 63

William of Moerbeke, 64

William of Saint-Amour, 41, 65

Witchcraft, causes of the craze, 111 Canonist ruling regarding, 107, 112-13 circumstantial stories of, 114-16 psychology of, 117-18 trials before Inquisition, 118-22 in Arras, 121, 203

Witnesses, treatment of false, by Inquisition, 196, 209 withholding of names of, in Inquisition, 195-6, 200, 240

Wycliffe, John, on clerical abuses, 11, 86 his doctrine of Lordship, 86-90 his denial of Transubstantiation, 90-2 his translation of the Bible, 89, 92-3 otherwise mentioned, 12, 94, 95, 96, 98-100, 103, 233, 234, 244

Yolande, of Savoy, 170

Zabarella, Cardinal, 96

Zimara, Italian Averrhoïst, 70

Zimiskes, John, tolerates Manichæans in the Balkans, 22

BY THE SAME AUTHOR __________________________ THE HOUSE OF LORDS IN THE REIGN OF WILLIAM III (Oxford Historical and Literary Studies Volume III) 'We can sincerely recommend Mr. Turberville's book to the consideration of students of constitutional history. It is a work of a very high order.'--Westminster Gazette. 'Mr. Turberville's little book is an indispensable supplement to Hallam and Macaulay and their modern successors.'--Athenæum. THE MAKING OF BLAISE 'A first novel of great distinction.'--Spectator. 'He has written and imagined well.'--Times. KENNETH DUGDALE 'Mr. Turberville has produced a sincere piece of work, and the insight that he shows into the workings of so essentially fine a character as his hero gives the book a nobility that is rare even in much of the best modern work.'--Everyman. 'Every scene and episode and person pulsates with the red blood of actual and recent experience.'--Times.

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