INDEX
Reading edition
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A
ABMA, 17
Agena B, 21, 22, 40
Antennas, 66
Goldstone, description, 70, 71, 73
onboard, description, 30, 31
directional control, 30
Pioneer tracking site, 70, 71
ARPA, 17
Astronomical unit, 111
refinement, 107
Atlantic Missile Range, 2, 10, 43, 83
Atlas-Agena B, 63, 52
Atlas D, 19, 21, 36-39, 89
Attitude control
Atlas D, 38
Earth acquisition, 58
loss of control and reorientation, 56, 60
Attitude control system, 31, 32
B
Battery, 25, 27
Bumper-WAC, 18
C
C-133 aircraft, 43
Centaur, 8
Central Computer and Sequencer, 28
commands, 56, 58
failure at encounter, 62
midcourse maneuver control, 59
Central Computing Facility, 81, 82
Charged particles, 13, 90
Charged particle detector, 35, 88
Computers, data processing, 84
Corporal E, 18
Cosmic dust, 13
density, 110
distribution and mass, 94, 95
measurement, 89
Cosmic dust detector, 35, 68, 87, 89
Cosmic radiation, 13, 96
Cosmic ray flux, 98
D
Data conditioning system, 88
Data processing, 30, 74, 85
CCF, equipment and operation, 82, 83
launch and tracking operations, 83
telemetry data, 84
transmission time, 88
Detectors
charged particle, 35
cosmic dust, 35
solar plasma, 35
DSIF, 73, 74, 75, 82, 83, 84
functions, 68
Goldstone, 1, 64, 67-79, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 84, 107, 108, 109
Johannesburg, 64, 67, 68, 73
Mobile, 68, 73, 80
tracking during midcourse maneuver, 56
orientation, 56
Woomera, 67, 68, 71, 73, 75
E
Earth sensor
final orientation commands, 64
September 8, crises and recovery, 60
Echo Project, 69
Echo site functions, 71
Electronics equipment weight, 25
Explorer I, 19
Experiments, 35
Anton special purpose tube, 87
atmospheric investigation, 85
charged particle detector, 88, 96-100
density variation data, 98
radiation hazard findings, 98
cosmic dust detector data, 87-89, 94, 95
high energy radiation, 90
infrared radiometer, 87, 93
ion chamber and Geiger-Mueller tubes, 87
magnetometers, 87, 88
microwave radiometer, 87, 91-93
objectives, 13, 93
processing of data, 85
radiometers, 85, 105, 106
responsible organizations, 88
results, 110-112
solar plasma detector, 87-90
temperature investigation, 85
transmission of data, 88
weight, 25
117
G
Geiger counter, 98
Geiger-Mueller tubes, 87, 91
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 13, 17
Goldstone Tracking Station, 64, 67, 69, 75, 84, 107
Echo site, 68, 69, 71, 73
Pioneer site, 56, 68, 70
Venus site, 69, 70, 108, 109
Guidance, 13
H
High-energy radiation experiments, 90, 91
I
Infrared radiometer experiment
cloud observations, 103, 105, 106
description, 93
dimensions, 93
operating characteristics, 85, 93
Interplanetary magnetic field, 13, 99
Interplanetary space
cosmic dust density, 110
distribution, 95
hazards to spacecraft, 13
Ion chamber, 98
J
Johannesburg tracking station, 67, 68
equipment, 68, 73
functions, 68, 73
JPL, 2, 8, 13, 75, 76, 80, 82, 84
accomplishments, 18, 19
background, 18
DSIF control point, 67, 68
pre-Mariner spacecraft, 23
Jupiter, contrast to Venus, 101
Jupiter C, 19
L
Launch Operations Center, 12, 17
Launching, 56
Atlas performance, 52, 53
Atlas-Agena B, 52
battery, 52
gyroscopes, 53
radio guidance system, 52
time limitations, 12
M
Magnetometer experiment, 35, 88
data, 101, 102
description, 91
function, 91
objectives, 100
onboard location, 91
Mariner I, 43-45
Mariner R, 41
Masers, 70
Materials, thermal shielding, 33
Microwave radiometer experiment
description, 91
function, 91
measurements, 103, 105
operating characteristics, 85, 92-93
Midcourse maneuver, 32, 58-59, 60, 65
Mission achievements, records, 65
Mobile tracking station, 68, 80
location, equipment and function, 73
MX-774 Project, 21
N
NACA, precursor of NASA, 16
NASA, 8, 16, 17
P
Parking orbit, 55
Pioneer III, 19
Pioneer IV, 19
Pioneer project, 69
Pioneer tracking site, 70, 71
Power system, 25
Private A, 18
Propellants
Atlas D, 38
attitude control system, 32
spacecraft, controlled burning, 32
rocket thrust system, 32
Propulsion system, Mariner
spacecraft, hydrazine propellant, 33
propellant storage, 32, 38
weight, 25
R
Radiation, 98-100
Ranger III, 8
Receivers, 66
Records, Mariner
attitude control system, 65
measurements near Sun, 65
operation near Venus
telemetry measurements, distance, 65
trajectory correction maneuver, 65
transmission, continuous performance, 65
S
Sensors
Earth, for attitude control, 32
Sun, for attitude control, 32
Sergeant missile, 19
Shielding, 33, 34
Solar cells, 27, 28
Solar flares, 98, 99
Solar panels
description, 25
design, 27
output deterioration, 61
release, 11
support, 25
weight, 27
Solar plasma detector, 35, 88, 96, 97
description, 87, 89, 90
function, 87, 89, 90
recordings, 96, 97
Solar plasma flux
correlation with geomagnetic effects, 97
118
Solar wind
effects on cosmic-ray movements, 96
magnetic fields, 95, 96
low density and energy, 96
measurement, 89
particle concentration near Earth, 96
particle energies, 96
temperature, 96
theories, 95
velocities, 13, 95, 96, 97, 110
Space Flight Operations Center, 60
organization and operation, 75, 80, 81
Space simulator, temperature control, 41
Spacecraft, 31
attitude control system, 31
Central Computer and Sequencer, 28
components and subsystems, 27
configuration, 23
electronic equipment, 25
frame materials, 23, 25
launching, 12
power system, 25
preliminary design, 41
propulsion system, 32
shroud and adapter, 43
system tests, 41
telecommunications subsystem, 30
temperature, 33
test models, 41
testing, 23
trajectory, 11
weight, 25
Sun sensor, 32
T
Telemetry
continuous transmission, 65
data processing, 84
description, 30
loss of monitoring data, 62
phase-shift modulation, 30
transmission cutoff, 64
Telemetry processing station, 82, 83
Telemetry system
data processing, 30
onboard, description, 30
Temperature control
coatings, 34
heating problems, 62
housing structures, 35
materials, 33
problems, 33
solar panels, 35
solar radiation shielding, 35
thermal shielding, 33
Tracking
Antigua, 53
Ascension, 53, 55
DSIF, 52, 66, 67, 68, 69
Earth noise, 66
Grand Bahama Island, 53
Johannesburg, 56
Pretoria, 53, 55
problems, 66
radio noise, 66
San Salvador, 53
solar noise, 66
Twin Falls Victory, 53, 55
Whiskey, 55
Woomera, 56
Trajectory, 11, 63, 64, 83
V
V-2 rocket, 18
Van Allen radiation belt, 19, 97
Venus
atmosphere, 3, 5, 104, 105, 112
atmospheric temperature, 85
atmospheric winds, 5
CO₂ content above clouds, 106
cloud cover, 105, 106
cloud observations, 104, 105
clouds, data, 111
compared with Earth, 5
description, 4
dielectric constant, surface material, 107
encounter, 93, 94
historical data, 2
inferior and superior conjunctions, 4
magnetic field, 98, 100, 111
comparison with geomagnetic, 100, 101
data, 100, 101, 102
strength, 100, 101, 102
mass, 109, 111
orbit, 4
radar experiments, 1961, 106, 107
radar experiments during mission, 107
reflection coefficient, 107
revolution, 4
rotation, 4, 101, 108, 111
surface, 106
brightness temperature, 103, 104
characteristics, theories, 102, 103
“greenhouse” effect, 106
measurements, 103, 104
pressure, 112
reflectivity, 111
roughness, 107, 108
temperature, 106, 111
temperature, 85, 111
topography, 5
water vapor in atmosphere, 106
Venus encounter, 63
W
WAC Corporal, 18
Woomera Tracking Station, 67, 68, 75
equipment, 68, 71, 73