APPENDIX B.
Reading edition
Knights and Burgesses of the City of London.
The list of members representing the City of London in Parliament from 1284 down to the present day, here given, has been compiled mainly from the Blue Books of Parliamentary returns (printed in 1878 and 1879), but with large additions gathered from the City's own Records. It may fairly claim to be a more perfect list of City members than has hitherto been published.
The number of representatives of the City in Parliament has varied from time to time. In a treatise known as Modus tenendi Parliamentum, ascribed to the early part of the xivth century, the number of members for London, York and other Cities is given as two, the same as the number of Barons of the Cinq Ports and knights of shires.[854] The more usual number as gathered from the City's Archives was either two or four, although there have been occasions (as in the Parliament of 1284 and more especially during the Commonwealth) when it amounted to six and (as in Barebone's Parliament) even to seven. Frequently it happened that when the writ prescribed the election of two members, four or more were elected, although not more than two or, perhaps, three, were to attend.[855] It is in 1346 that we meet for the first time with a writ commanding the election of four members. In the following year a writ was issued for the election of the old number (two), but this was apparently a mistake, for another writ was soon afterwards issued stating that the number should be four. The City, however, displayed great apathy in the matter—the attendance in Parliament interfered no doubt with the commercial pursuits of the members—and, although four were elected, it was distinctly provided that any three or even two might attend.[856] On the other hand, when the City was called upon to elect two members for the Parliament of 1348, it returned four.[857] From 1351 to 1354 the writs prescribed only two members, and the City returned only two, but from 1355 down to the passing of the Redistribution of Seats Act in 1885[858]—that is to say, for a period of more than 500 years—the City of London has, if we except the Parliament of 1371, never been represented in the council of the nation by less than four members.
So long as the City was represented by two members, both were usually aldermen.[859] When four were returned, two were, as a rule, aldermen, and two commoners. The Recorder, who in earliest times was also an alderman of the City, was frequently returned with another alderman, and continued to be so returned long after he had ceased to be elected from the body of aldermen. Indeed, for two centuries—viz., from 1454 to 1654—the Recorder for the time being seldom failed to be elected one of the City's members; but from the time of the Restoration no Recorder has sat for the City, nor has the ancient custom of the City to be represented by an equal number of aldermen and commoners been followed. Prior to the Restoration the custom was so strictly observed that when a member who was a commoner happened to be elected alderman, he resigned his seat in Parliament in order that another commoner might be elected.[860]
The parliamentary elections were originally carried out by the mayor and aldermen and a deputation specially summoned from each ward, but the choice of members practically lay with the mayor and aldermen. In course of time the commoners came to be elected by the Common Council, but the aldermen still kept a hold on the elections by nominating certain individuals of whom the citizens were to make their choice.[861]
In 1523 we find an election taking place at the [court of] Husting[862] in the Great Hall. One alderman and the Recorder were nominated by the Court of Aldermen and their nomination was subsequently confirmed by the Common Council in the Guildhall; whilst two commoners were nominated by the commonalty attending at the Husting. But even the latter nominations appear to have been in this instance confirmed by the Common Council.[863] Six years later (viz., in 1529) the election proceedings are recorded somewhat differently. The election took place as before at the [court of] Husting in the Great Hall, the aldermen were nominated by the mayor and aldermen in the Inner Chamber of the Guildhall [i.e., in the Court of Aldermen] and were afterwards ratified and confirmed by a large gathering of the commonalty (immensa communitas) in the Great Hall, but the commoners were elected by the commonalty without any subsequent ratification by the Common Council.[864]
At what date the Livery—as distinct from the citizens at large—began to usurp the functions of the commonalty and claim the exclusive right of electing City members, is not clear; but that they did so monopolise the Parliamentary franchise long before it was restricted to them by the Election Act of 1725, there is ample evidence,[865] and they continued to enjoy this monopoly until the passing of the Reform Act of 1832.
The City members enjoyed, as we have seen,[866] certain allowances by way of "duties," "fees" or "wages," for their attendance in Parliament, besides gowns, robes or liveries for themselves and their servants, and a reasonable sum of money for expenses. According to Coke (4 Inst., p. 46) the fee or wage paid "time out of mind" to a knight of the shire was four shillings a day, whilst that to a citizen or burgess was half that sum;[867] and these same fees the City Chamberlain paid in 1584 to the alderman and the Recorder representing the City in Parliament, presumably, in their capacity as knights of the shire (the City of London itself constituting a county), and to the two commoners, sitting as burgesses, respectively.[868] In 1628 a question was raised in the House as to whether the aldermen representing the City in Parliment ranked as knights, but no decision appears to have been arrived at.[869]
When the City members attended Parliament, they went as befitted the representatives of the capital of the kingdom. Alderman and commoner alike wore scarlet gowns richly trimmed with fur, for which they received allowances, according to their dignity, of cloth and money. An alderman was allowed ten yards of cloth for his gown, a commoner five. Again, an alderman who had served as mayor received an allowance of 100 shillings for fur; an alderman who had not passed the chair was entitled to no more than 5 marks, whilst commoners received only half that sum.
One "livery" a session was the usual allowance, provided that there was not more than one session within the year; but when, as in 1532, Parliament continued to sit for a number of years, an allowance in cash was made to the members in lieu of another livery for themselves and their servants. This cash payment amounted to £6 13s. 4d.[870]
In addition to wages and allowances already mentioned, the City members were allowed a certain amount of travelling (and other) expenses. From the ancient treatise already referred to we gather that in this respect (if in no other) they were customarily placed on an equality with the knights of shires.[871] When Parliament sat at Westminster, these travelling expenses amounted to little more than a shilling a day—the sum allowed them for boat-hire;[872] when, on the other hand, Parliament sat in some remote town, as it frequently did, they were greater. Thus in 1296, when Parliament was to meet at Bury St. Edmunds, the citizens voted their representatives 20 shillings a day for travelling expenses.[873] The two aldermen who represented the City in the Parliament held at York in 1298 were each allowed 100 shillings and no more.[874] On the other hand when nearly a century later (1388), Parliament sat at Cambridge, the City members were not only allowed their travelling expenses, but the cost of their board and lodging, and even their washing bills were discharged by the Corporation, the whole amounting to upwards of £100, a large sum in those days.[875]
In the middle of the 15th century, viz., in Thomas Chalton's mayoralty (1449-1450), the Common Council resolved that thenceforth the allowance for expenses should not exceed 40 shillings a day, but ten years later, when Parliament was to meet at Coventry, it showed a more liberal spirit and undertook to repay any further disbursements that the members might make for the honour and benefit of the City.[876] It did the same in 1464, when Parliament was to have sat at York.[877]
How long the City continued to make payments and allowances to its members is not clear. No doubt, as wealth increased and a seat in the House was looked upon less as a burden, men were found ready to undertake the duties on their own responsibility and without any extraneous assistance, and the custom of payment of members by the City became gradually obsolete. Take, for instance, the case of two of the City's representatives in the Parliament of 1661. Whilst, on the one hand, we find the Court of Aldermen authorising the Chamberlain to pay to John Jones, a burgess, a daily allowance of four shillings—a sum usually allowed knights of the shire—and this amount is recorded in the City's Chamber Accounts as having been duly paid;[878] on the other hand, we find alderman Sir John Frederick (elected member for the City loco alderman Fowke deceased) returning the fees and allowances paid to him by the Chamberlain "for his full allowance for diett and boate hire ... and for his Robes alsoe."[879]
Lastly, it is to be noted that on the occasion of the opening of a new Parliament, the members for the City claim, and generally exercise, the privilege of sitting on the Treasury or Privy Councillor's bench; but on what grounds such privilege is claimed and allowed is not clear.[880]
Members of Parliament for the City of London,
1284—1895.
1284.[881] Henry le Waleys. Gregory de Rokesle. Philip Cissor. Ralf Crepyn. Joce le Acatour. John de Gisors. 1296.[882] Stephen Eswy. William de Hereford. 1298. Walter de Fynchyngfeld. Adam de Foleham. 1300.[883] (March) Geoffrey de Norton. William de Betoyne. John le Bancker. William de Red. [the first two returned.] 1305. William de Combemartin. Walter de Fynchyngfeld. 1307. William de Combemartin. Henry de Durham. 1309. Henry de Durham. William Servat. 1312.[884] Nicholas de Farndon. John de Wengrave. Robert de Kelseye. John de Sellyng or David de Cotesbrok. 1312.[885] Nicholas de Farndon. John de Wengrave. Robert de Kelseye. 1313. Nicholas de Farndon. William de Leyre. William Servat. Stephen de Abyndone. 1314.[886] John de Gisors. William de Leyre. Robert de Kelseye. Richer de Refham. [or two of them.] 1315. William de Leyre. Henry de Durham. 1316.[887] William de Combemartin. John de Burford. Ralph de Walcote. William de Flete. Simon de Abyndon. 1318. John de Cherleton. William de Flete. Roger le Palmere. 1319.[888] Hugh de Waltham. William de Flete. William de Hacford. Michael Mynot. John Waldeshef. [or three of them.] 1320. Nicholas de Farndon. Anketin de Gisors. Henry Monquoi. Roger Hosebonde. 1321.[889] Nicholas de Farndon. Hamo Godchep. John Sterre. Thomas Prentiz. [three or two of them.] 1322. (May) Robert de Swalclyve. Reginald de Conduit. William de Hacford. Gregory de Norton. [three or two of them.] 1322. (Nov.) Walter Crepyn. Thomas de Chetyngdon. 1324. Anketin de Gisors. Henry de Seccheford. 1325. Anketin de Gisors. Henry de Seccheford. 1327. (Jan.) Anketin de Gisors. Henry de Seccheford. Reginald de Conduit. Thomas de Leyre. Edmund Cosyn. John Steere [Sterre?]. [two to attend.] 1327. (Sept.) Benedict de Fulsham. Robert de Kelseye. 1328. (Feb.) Richard de Betoyne. Robert de Kelseye. John de Grantham. John Priour, jun. 1328. (April) Richard de Betoyne. Robert de Kelseye. 1328. (Oct.) Stephen de Abyndone. Robert de Kelseye. 1330. (Mar.) Stephen de Abyndone. John de Caustone. 1330. (Nov.) John de Grantham. Reginald de Conduit. Stephen de Abyndone. [or two of them.] 1332. (Mar.) Anketin de Gisors. John de Caustone. John Priour, jun. Thomas de Chetyngdon. [three or two of them.] 1332. (Sept.) Reginald de Conduit. John de Caustone. Anketin de Gisors. Thomas de Chetyngdon. [three or two of them.] 1332.[890] (Dec.) Richard de la Pole. Thomas de Chetyngdon. Henry Monquoi. [or two of them.] 1334. Reginald de Conduit. John de Caustone. Roger de Depham. 1335. Richard de Rothingge. Richard le Lacer. Roger de Forsham. [or two of them.] 1336.[891] (Mar.) Henry de Seccheford. Thomas de Chetyngdon. 1336. (Sept.) John de Caustone. Richard de Hakenaye. 1337. (Jan.) Reginald de Conduit. John de Caustone. 1337. (Sept.) Reginald de Conduit. Benedict de Fulsham. 1338. (Feb.) John de Grantham. Andrew Aubrey. Ralph de Upton. Richard de Rothingge. 1338. (July) Ralph de Upton. Bartholomew Deumars. 1339. (Jan.) Simon Fraunceys. John de Northalle. 1339. (Oct.) Simon (Fraunceys). John (de Nort) halle. 1340.[892] (Jan.) William de Brikelesworth. John de Mockyng. Adam Lucas. 1340. (Mar.) William de Brikelesworth. Richard de Rothingge. Richard de Berkyngge. [or two of them.] 1341. Simon Fraunceys. William de Brikelesworth. 1344. John de Northalle. John Lovekyn. 1346. Geoffrey de Wychyngham. Thomas Leggy. John Lovekyn. Thomas de Waldene. [four, three or two of them.] 1348. (Jan.) John Lovekyn. Richard de Berkyngge. William de Iford. Richard de Wycombe. [three or two of them.] 1348. (Mar.) John Lovekyn. Richard de Berkyngge. William de Iford. Richard de Wycombe. [three or two of them.] 1351. Thomas Leggy. William de Iford. 1352.[893] (Jan.) Simon Fraunceys. Simon de Bedyngton. 1352.[894] (Aug.) Adam Fraunceys. John Lytle. 1353. Thomas Leggy. Thomas Dolsely. 1354.[895] John de Stodeye. Thomas Dolsely. 1355.[896] Adam Fraunceys. John de Stodeye. Simon de Bedyngton. Adam de Acres. 1357.[897] Adam Fraunceys. John de Stodeye. Simon de Bedyngton. William de Essex. 1358. Thomas Dolsely. William de Welde. William de Essex. Richard Toky. 1360. Bartholomew Frestlyng. Stephen Cavendyssh. Walter de Berneye. Richard Toky. 1361. Adam Fraunceys. John Pecche. Simon de Benyngton. John Pyel. 1362.[898] (Oct.) Adam de Bury. John Lytle. John Hiltoft. John Tornegold. 1363.[899] William Holbech. John de St. Alban. Simon de Benyngton. John Tornegold. 1365. (Jan.) Adam Fraunceys. John Lovekyn. Simon de Benyngton. Richard de Preston. 1365.[900] (May) Adam Fraunceys. John Wroth. Simon de Benyngton. John de Worstede. 1368. John Wroth. Bartholomew Frestlyng. John Aubrey. John Organ. 1369. (June) John Pecche. John Tornegold. Nicholas de Exton. John Hadele. 1369.[901] Adam Fraunceys. John Stodeye. John Aubrey. John Philipot. 1370.[902] John Pecche. William Walworth. Fulk Horewode. John Fyfhide. 1370.[903] John Tornegold. Bartholomew Frestlyng. John Philipot. William Essex. 1371. Bartholomew Frestlyng. John Philipot. 1372. John Wroth. John Pecche. William Venour. William Kelshull. 1373. Adam Stable. John Warde. John Birlyngham. Adam Carlile. 1376.[904] John Pyel. William Walworth. William Essex. Adam Carlile. 1377. (Jan.) John Hadle. John Organ. William Tonge. William Venour. 1377. (Oct.) Adam Carlile. Walter Sibill. William Walworth. John Philipot. 1378. John Hadle. Geoffrey Neuton. John de Northampton. William Venour. 1379.[905] Adam Carlile. Walter Sibill. John Hadle. William More. 1380.[906] (Jan.) John Philipot. Robert Launde. John Boseham. Thomas Cornwaleys. 1380.[907] (Nov.) John Organ. John Rote. Thomas Welford. William Tonge. 1381. Sir John Philipot. John Hadle. William Baret. Hugh Fastolf. 1382. (Oct.) John More. Thomas Carleton. William Essex. Richard Norbury. 1383. (Feb.) Sir Nicholas Brembre. John More. Richard Norbury. William Essex. 1383. (Oct.) William Walworth. Sir John Philipot. William Baret. Henry Vanner. 1384. (Apr.) John Hadle. John Organ. John Rote. Henry Herbury. 1384. (Nov.) John Hadle. John Organ. Thomas Rolf. Henry Herbury. 1385. John Hadle. Nicholas Exton. Henry Herbury. William Ancroft. 1386. John Hadle. John Organ. Adam Carlile. Thomas Girdelere. 1388. (Feb.) William More. John Shadworth. William Baret. John Walcote. 1388. (Sept.) Adam Bamme. Henry Vanner. William Tonge. John Clenhand. 1390. (Jan.) William More. John Shadworth. Adam Carlile. William Brampton. 1390.[908] (Nov.) John Hadle. John Loveye. Thomas Newenton. John Botesham. 1391. William Shiringham. William Brampton. William Staundon. John Walcote. 1394.[909] William Staundon. John Fresh. Thomas Exton. John Wade. 1395. Adam Carlile. Drew Barantyn. Geoffrey Walderne. William Askham. 1397. (Jan.) William Staundon. William Brampton. William Hyde. Hugh Short. 1397. (Sept.) Andrew Neuport. Drew Barantyne. Robert Asshecombe. William Chychely. 1399. (Oct.) John Shadworth. William Brampton. Richard Merlawe. William Sonnyngwell. 1402.[910] (Sept.) John Hadle. William Parker. John Prophete. William Norton. 1403.[911] William Staundon. Drew Barantyn. William Marcheford. John Prophete. 1406. William Staundon. Nicholas Wotton. John Sudbury. Hugh Ryebrede. 1407. William Askham. William Crowemer. William Marcheford. John Bryan. 1410.[912] (Jan.) Drew Barantyn. Henry Halton. John Reynewell. Walter Gawtron. 1410.[913] (Nov.) Richard Merlawe. Thomas Fauconer. John Sutton. John Michell. 1413.[914] (Feb.) Drew Barantyn. William Askham. William Marcheford. Walter Gawtron. 1413. (May) Drew Barantyn. William Askham. William Marcheford. Walter Gawtron. 1414.[915] (Jan.) Richard Merlawe. Robert Chichele. William Burton. Alan Everard. 1414. (Nov.) William Waldern. Nicholas Wotton. William Olyver. John Gedney. 1415. Robert Chichele. William Waldern. John Reynewell. William Michell. 1416.[916] (Mar.) Richard Merlawe. Thomas Fauconer. William Weston. Nicholas Jamys [James] 1416.[917] (Oct.) Richard Whitington. Thomas Knolles. John Perneys. Robert Whityngham. 1417. William Crowemer. William Sevenoke. John Welles. John Boteler, jun. 1419. Nicholas Wotton. Henry Barton. Richard Meryvale. Simon Sewale. 1420. Thomas Fauconer. John Michell. Salamon Oxneye. John Hi[g]ham. 1421. (May) William Waldern. William Crowemer. William Burton. Richard Gosselyn. 1421. (Dec.) Thomas Fauconer. Nicholas Wotton. John Whateley. John Brokley. 1422. Thomas Fauconer. John Michell. Henry Frowyk. Thomas Mayneld. 1423.[918] Thomas Fauconer. John Welles. Henry Frowyk. Thomas Boteler. 1425. Nicholas Wotton. John Welles. "Eborardus" Flete. Thomas Bernewell. 1426. John Michell. John Welles. "Eborardus" Flete. John Higham. 1427. John Michell. John Welles. William Melreth. Walter Gawtron. 1429. Nicholas Wotton. Nicholas James. William Melreth. Walter Gawtron. 1431. William Estfeld. Nicholas James. John Higham. John Abbot. 1432. John Gedney. William Melreth. John Levyng. Philip Malpas. 1433. John Reynewell. John Welles. John Hatherle. Thomas Catteworth. 1435. John Michell. Robert Large. John Bederenden. Stephen Forster. 1437. Henry Frowyk. Thomas Catteworth. John Carpenter, jun. Nicholas Yeo. 1442. Sir William Estfeld. John Bowys. Philip Malpas. William Cottesbroke. 1447. Henry Frowyk. William Combys. Hugh Wyche. William Marowe. 1449. (Feb.) Thomas Catteworth. John Norman. Geoffrey Boleyn. Thomas Billyng. 1449. (Nov.) Stephen Broun. John Norman. John Nedham. John Har[e]we. 1450. Henry Frowyk. William Marowe. John Harewe. Richard Lee. 1453. Stephen Broun. William Cantelowe. John.... ... ... 1455. Geoffrey Feldyng. William Cantelowe. John Harewe. John Yonge. 1463.[919] William Marowe. Thomas Urswyk, Recorder. Thomas Wynselowe. John Bromer. 1467. Sir Ralph Josselyn. Thomas Urswyk. John Warde. John Crosseby. 1469.[920] Ralph Verney. George Irlond. Stephen Fabyan. Thomas Stoughton. 1472. Sir Ralph Verney. George Irlond. John Brampton. Stephen Fabyan. 1478. Sir William Hampton. Richard Gardyner. William Bracebrigge. John Warde. 1483.[921] Sir William Heriot. Robert Tate. John Marchall. William Bracebrigge. 1485.[922] John Warde, Mayor. Thomas Fitz-William, Recorder. John Pekeryng. William Spark. 1487.[923] Sir Henry Colet, Mayor. Thomas Fitz-William, Recorder. Hugh Pemberton. John Pekeryng. William White loco Thomas Fitz-William.[924] 1491.[925] Robert Tate. William Capel. Nicholas Alwyn. Thomas Bullesdon. 1497.[926] [Richard] Chawry. Sir Robert Sheffeld, Recorder. ... ... 1504.[927] Sir John Shaa. Sir Robert Sheffeld, Recorder. Thomas Cremour. John Paynter. Sir John Tate[928] loco Sir John Shaa deceased. 1510.[929] John Tate. John Chaloner, Recorder. James Yarford. John Brugys. Thomas More loco James Yarford, elected alderman. 1512.[930] Sir William Capel. Richard Broke, Recorder. William Calley. John Kyme. 1515.[931] Sir William Capel. Richard Broke, Recorder. William Calley. John Kyme. 1523.[932] George Monoux. William Shelley, Recorder. John Hewster. William Roche. 1529.[933] Sir Thomas Seymer. John Baker, Recorder. John Petyte. Paul Wythypol. 1542. Sir William Roche. Sir Roger Cholmeley, Recorder. John Sturgeon. Nicholas Wylford. 1545. Sir William Roche. Sir Roger Cholmeley, Recorder. John Sturgeon. Paul Wythypol. Sir William Forman loco William Roche.[934] Sir Richard Gresham[935] loco Sir William Forman. Robert Broke, Recorder.[936] 1547. Sir Martin Bowes,. Robert Broke, Recorder. Thomas Curteis. Thomas Bacon. 1553. Sir Martin Bowes. Robert Broke, Recorder. John Marsh. John Blundell. 1553.[937] (Sept.) Sir Rowland Hill. Robert Broke, Recorder. John Marsh. John Blundell. 1553.[938] (Oct.) Sir Rowland Hill. Robert Broke, Recorder. John Marsh. John Blundell. 1554. Sir Martin Bowes. Robert Broke, Recorder. John Marsh. John Blundell. 1554. (Nov.) Sir Martin Bowes. Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder. Richard Grafton. Richard Burnell. 1555. Sir Martin Bowes. Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder. Philip Bold. Nicholas Choyne [Chune]. 1558. William Garrard. Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder. John Marsh. Richard Grafton. 1559.[939] Sir Martin Bowes. Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder. John Marsh. Richard Hills.[940] 1563. Sir William Chester. Ralph Cholmeley, Recorder. Laurence Withers. John Marsh. 1571.[941] Sir John White. Thomas Wilbraham, Recorder. John Marsh. Thomas Norton. 1572. Sir Roland Heywood. William Fletewood, Recorder. John Marsh.[942] Thomas Norton. 1584.[943] Sir Nicholas Woodrooff. William Fletewood, Recorder. Walter Fisshe. Thomas Aldersey. Henry Billingsley,[944] loco Walter Fisshe, decd. 1586. Sir Edward Osborne. William Fletewood, Recorder. Thomas Aldersey. Robert Saltinstall. 1589. Sir George Barnes. William Fletewood, Recorder. Thomas Aldersey. Andrew Palmer. 1593. Sir John Harte. Edward Drewe, Recorder. Andrew Palmer. George Sotherton. 1597. Sir John Harte. John Croke, Recorder. George Sotherton. Thomas Fettiplace. 1601. Sir Stephen Soame. John Croke, Recorder. Thomas Fettiplace. John Pynder. 1604.[945] Sir Henry Billingsley. Sir Henry Montague, Recorder. Nicholas Fuller. Richard Gore. Sir Thomas Lowe, loco Sir Henry Billingsley.[946] 1614. Sir Thomas Lowe. Sir Henry Montague Recorder. Nicholas Fuller. Robert Middleton. 1621. Sir Thomas Lowe. Robert Heath, Recorder. Robert Bateman. William Towerson. 1624. Sir Thomas Middleton. Sir Heneage Finch, Recorder. Robert Bateman. Martin Bond. 1625. Sir Thomas Middleton. Sir Heneage Finch, Recorder. Robert Bateman. Martin Bond. 1626. Sir Thomas Middleton. Sir Heneage Finch, Recorder. Sir Maurice Abbott. Robert Bateman. 1628. Thomas Moulson. Christopher Clitherowe. Henry Waller. James Bunce. 1640. (April) Thomas Soame. Isaac Pennington. Matthew Cradock. Samuel Vassall. 1640. (Nov.) Thomas Soame. Isaac Pennington. Matthew Cradock. Samuel Vassall. John Venn, loco Matthew Cradock.[947]
Cromwellian Parliaments.[948]
1653. Robert Tichborne. John Ireton. Samuel Moyer. John Langley. John Stone. Henry Barton. Praise-God Barebone. 1654. Thomas Foot. William Steele, Recorder. Thomas Adams. John Langham. Samuel Avery. Andrew Ricaut or Riccard. 1656. Thomas Foot. Sir Christopher Pack. Thomas Adams. Richard Brown. Theophilus Biddulph. John Jones. 1659. William Thomson. Theophilus Biddulph. John Jones. Richard Brown.
1660. Sir John Robinson.[949] 1661. John Fowke. Sir William Thompson. William Love. John Jones. Sir John Frederick, loco John Fowke.[950] 1679. (Mar.) Sir Robert Clayton. Sir Thomas Player. William Love. Thomas Pilkington. 1679. (Oct.) Sir Robert Clayton. Sir Thomas Player. William Love. Thomas Pilkington. 1681. Sir Robert Clayton. Thomas Pilkington. Sir Thomas Player. William Love. 1685. Sir John Moore. Sir William Pritchard. Sir Samuel Dashwood. Sir Peter Rich. 1689. Sir Patience Ward. Sir Robert Clayton. William Love. Thomas Pilkington. Sir William Ashurst, loco William Love, deceased. 1690. Sir William Pritchard. Sir Samuel Dashwood. Sir William Turner. Sir Thomas Vernon. Sir John Fleet, Mayor, loco Sir William Turner.[951] 1695. Sir Robert Clayton. Sir John Fleet. Sir William Ashurst. Thomas Papillon. 1698. Sir John Fleet. Sir William Ashurst. Sir James Houblon.[952] Thomas Papillon. 1701. (Feb.) Sir Robert Clayton. Sir William Ashurst. Sir William Withers. Gilbert Heathcote. Sir John Fleet, loco Gilbert Heathcote, disqualified. 1701. (Dec.) Sir Robert Clayton. Sir William Ashurst. Sir Thomas Abney. Gilbert Heathcote. 1702. Sir William Pritchard. Sir John Fleet. Sir Francis Child. Gilbert Heathcote. 1705. Sir Robert Clayton. Sir William Ashurst. Sir Gilbert Heathcote. Samuel Shepheard. Sir William Withers, Mayor,[953] loco Sir Robert Clayton.[954] 1708. Sir William Withers, Mayor. Sir William Ashurst. Sir Gilbert Heathcote. John Ward. 1710. Sir William Withers. Sir Richard Hoare. Sir George Newland. John Cass. 1713. Sir William Withers. Sir Richard Hoare. Sir John Cass. Sir George Newland.[955] 1715. Sir John Ward. Sir Thomas Scawen. Robert Heysham. Peter Godfrey. 1722. Francis Child. Richard Lockwood. Peter Godfrey. John Barnard. Sir Richard Hopkins, loco Peter Godfrey, deceased. 1727. Sir John Eyles. Humphrey Parsons. John Barnard. Micaiah Perry. 1734. Humphrey Parsons. Sir John Barnard. Micajah Perry. Robert Willimot. 1741. Daniel Lambert, Mayor. Sir John Barnard. Sir Robert Godschall. George Heathcote. William Calvert, loco Sir Robert Godschall.[956] 1747. Sir John Barnard. Sir William Calvert. 1747. Slingsby Bethell. Stephen Theo. Janssen. 1754. Sir John Barnard. Sir Robert Ladbroke. Slingsby Bethell. William Beckford. Sir Richard Glyn, Mayor, loco Slingsby Bethell.[957] 1761. Sir Robert Ladbroke. Sir Richard Glyn. William Beckford. Thomas Harley. 1768. Thomas Harley, Mayor. Sir Robert Ladbroke. William Beckford. Barlow Trecothick. Richard Oliver, loco William Beckford.[958] Frederick Bull,[959] loco Sir Robert Ladbroke.[960] 1774. John Sawbridge. Richard Oliver. Frederick Bull. George Hayley. 1780. George Hayley. John Kirkman. Frederick Bull. Nathaniel Newnham. John Sawbridge, loco John Kirkman.[961] Sir Watkin Lewes, loco George Hayley.[962] Brook Watson, loco Frederick Bull.[963] 1784. Brook Watson. Sir Watkin Lewes. Nathaniel Newnham. John Sawbridge. 1790. William Curtis. Brook Watson. Sir Watkin Lewes. John Sawbridge. John William Anderson, vice Brook Watson.[964] William Lushington, vice John Sawbridge.[965] 1796. First Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland [1801]. 1801. William Lushington. William Curtis, Mayor. Harvey Christian Combe. John William Anderson. 1802. Harvey Christian Combe. Charles Price. William Curtis. Sir John William Anderson. 1806. Harvey Christian Combe. James Shaw, Mayor. Sir Charles Price. Sir William Curtis. 1807. Sir Charles Price. Sir William Curtis. James Shaw. Harvey Christian Combe. 1812. Harvey Christian Combe. Sir William Curtis. Sir James Shaw. John Atkins. Matthew Wood, Mayor, loco Harvey Christian Combe.[966] 1818. Matthew Wood. Thomas Wilson. Robert Waithman. John Thomas Thorp. 1820. Matthew Wood. Thomas Wilson. Sir William Curtis. George Bridges, Mayor. 1826. William Thomson. Robert Waithman. William Ward. Matthew Wood. 1830. William Thompson. Robert Waithman. William Ward. Matthew Wood. 1831. Robert Waithman. William Thompson. Matthew Wood. William Venables. 1833. George Grote. Matthew Wood. Robert Waithman. Sir John Key. George Lyall, loco Robert Waithman.[967] William Crawford, loco Sir John Key.[968] 1835. Matthew Wood. James Pattison. William Crawford. George Grote. 1837. Matthew Wood. William Crawford. James Pattison. George Grote. 1841. John Masterman. Sir Matthew Wood. George Lyall. Lord John Russell. James Pattison, loco Sir Matthew Wood.[969] 1847. Lord John Russell. James Pattison. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild. John Masterman. Sir James Duke, Mayor, loco James Pattison, deceased. 1852. John Masterman. Lord John Russell. Sir James Duke. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild. 1857. Sir James Duke. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild. Lord John Russell. Robert Wigram Crawford. 1859. Lord John Russell. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild. Sir James Duke. Robert Wigram Crawford. Western Wood, loco Lord John Russell.[970] George Joachim Goschen, loco Western Wood.[971] 1865. George Joachim Goschen. Robert Wigram Crawford. William Lawrence. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild. 1868. George Joachim Goschen. Robert Wigram Crawford. William Lawrence. Charles Bell. Baron Lionel N. de Rothschild, loco Charles Bell, deceased. 1874. William James Richmond Cotton. Philip Twells. John Gellibrand Hubbard. George Joachim Goschen. 1880. William J.R. Cotton. Robert Nicholas Fowler. Rt. Hon. John G. Hubbard. William Lawrence. 1885. Sir Robert N. Fowler. Rt. Hon. J.G. Hubbard. 1886. Sir Robert N. Fowler. 1886. Rt. Hon. J.G. Hubbard. Thomas Charles Baring,[972] loco Hubbard, raised to the peerage. Henry Hucks Gibbs,[973] loco Baring, decd. Sir Reginald Hanson,[974] loco Fowler, decd. 1892. Sir Reginald Hanson. Alban G.H. Gibbs.