INDEX TO VOLUME II.
Reading edition
A. Abadia, Don Pedro, 217, 219, 221, 229, 231, 236, 243, 245, 247. Abinger, Lord, 303. Adams, Mr., 94. Admiralty, 311, 338, 356, 358, 361, 372, 384. Adriatic steamer, 372. Aërated steam, 7, 11. Agricultural engine, 17, 18, 19, 36, 40, 41, 42, 47, 50, 53, 58. Agricultural machine, 58. Air-engine, 292. Air-pump, 19, 103, 122. Ajerbi River, 266. Alverado, 260, 261. Amalgamation, 261. Amputation, 271. Application to Parliament, 183, 317. Aquacate, 267. Arismendi, Don José, 217, 219, 221, 229. Armstrong, Sir William, 294. Artha, Captain, 60, 64, 69, 102. 'Asp,' ship, 228, 239. B. Bailiffs, 36. Banfield, Mr., 50. Banfield, Mr. J., 65, 74, 153. Barnes and Miller, 375. Bedford, Duke of, 390. Beeralstone, 87, 102. Bennetts, Frank, 129. Bickle, Mr., 65. Binner Downs, 315, 323, 327, 369. Blacklead, 4, 138. Blast by cylinder, 343, 352. Blast by screw, 341. Blast-furnace, 6. Blast-pipe, 94, 141, 144, 210. Blewett, Captain, 174. Blewett, Mr., 51. Boiler, 7, 14, 19, 32, 41, 60, 66, 69, 74, 81, 84, 92, 102, 115, 119, 124, 126, 138, 142, 145, 153, 156, 159, 169, 180, 183, 213, 227, 290, 300, 308, 321, 327, 339, 343, 356, 357, 359, 369, 377. Bolivar, President, 252, 254. Booth, Mr., 354. Borer of rock, 24, 27. Bottle-neck boiler, 357. Breakwater, 22. Bridgenorth, 3, 87. Brougham, Mr., 390. Bryant, John, 155, 163, 164. Budge, Mr., 126. Buenos Ayres, 31, 227, 383. Bull, Mr., 84, 118, 213, 230, 237, 244, 246. Bullan Garden, 116, 121, 155, 177. Burdett, Sir Francis, 390. Burral, Jun., Mr., 66. Burral, Sen., Mr., 102. Bushel, 46, 83, 96, 182. Bust, 245. C. Camborne, 110. Campbell and Co., 201, 230. Canal boat, 17. Carloose engine, 116, 120, 155, 177. Carriage-wheels, 207. Carthagena, 272, 277, 279. Castro, Nicolas, 260, 263, 280. Causon, William, 159. Caxatambo, 252. Central Argentine Railway, 33. Cerro de Pasco, 197, 201, 227, 229, 232, 255, 258. Chain-and-bucket, 12. Chain-pump, 298, 317. Chaper, Mr., 188. Chili, 247, 249. Circular motion, 294. Clark, Henry, 78, 119, 141, 156. Clay mill, 1. Coalbrookdale, 2, 3, 5, 138. Coal-lifting engine, 365, 368, 370. Cochrane, Lord, 282, 284. Collins, Mr., 95. Colombia, 252. Common-road locomotive, 110, 123, 126, 158, 300, 377. Competition, 21, 33, 88, 92, 122, 132, 141, 150, 156, 374, 395. Compound engine, 103, 314, 386. Comptroller of the Navy, 342. Condenser, 134. Cooking by steam, 368. Cook's Kitchen, 149. Copiapo, 251. Copper-ore furnace, 10. Coralillo, 262. Cordillera, 262. Cost-all-lost-all, 73. Cost of engine, 5, 15, 34, 37, 43, 45, 46, 49, 61, 73, 83, 122, 145, 149. Costa Rica, 252, 260, 264, 278. Cowie, Mr., 87. Crichton, Mr. Alexander, 359. Cylinder, 19, 28, 39, 60, 67, 148, 210. Cylinder-case, 370, 377. Cylindrical boiler, 60, 67, 69, 71, 74, 92, 102, 109, 119, 123, 138, 140, 145, 148, 156, 163, 169, 186, 210, 227, 300, 308, 344. D. Daniel, Mr., 142. Darlington, Earl of, 390. Dartford, 393. Davey, Captain John, 118. Davey, Captain William, 83, 101, 124. Davies, Mr., 86. Day, Mr., 215. Dedunstanville, Lord, 9, 18, 21, 39, 53. Denison, Mr., 390. Derbyshire, 3. Dixon, Mr., 128. Doble, Mr., 38. Dolcoath, 1, 8, 10, 32, 40, 115, 116, 119, 141, 143, 145, 147, 150, 153, 155, 157, 162, 168, 171, 175, 180, 194, 250, 307, 316, 321. Domingo Gonzales de Castañeda, 234. Dredger, 110, 143, 150, 297, 335. Driving wheels, 56. Dundonald, Lord, 111, 249, 282, 286. Duty of engines, 73, 83, 96, 99, 105, 108, 109, 117, 124, 128, 142, 157, 163, 166, 170, 175, 178, 181, 183, 187, 191, 205, 277, 290, 305, 308, 310, 327, 333, 374. E. Easthope, Mr., 390. Eccentric, 208. 'Echo,' steamer, 356, 360. Edmonds, Mr. Richard, 107, 183, 238, 245, 305. Edmonds, Mr. Thomas, 269. Edwards, Mr., 188. Empson, Mr., 279. 'Encyclopædia Britannica,' 182. Erskine, Mr., 130, 303. Essential oil, 202. Exeter Bridge, 23, 28, 54. Expansion, 19, 69, 85, 91, 100, 117, 128, 132, 143, 145, 148, 179, 185, 205, 210, 325, 330, 352, 361, 376, 382. Explosion, 153. F. Fairbairn, Mr. James, 273. Fairbairn, Sir William, 358. Falmouth, 27. Farey, Mr., 180, 323. Faucett and Co., 375. Feed-pole, 159. Feed-water, 39, 369, 373, 376. Fire-arms, 254. Fire-bars, 20. Fire-engine, 134. Follett, Sir William, 358. Four-way cock, 19, 29, 60, 67, 153. Foxes, Messrs., 22, 27, 30, 55, 88, 124, 151, 153. France, 365. G. Galloway, Mr., 10. Gamboa, 280. Gear-work, 160. Geological Society, 245. 'George and Vulture,' 366. Gerard, Mr., 255, 262, 265, 269, 271, 279, 280, 282, 286, 287. Gibbs, Mr., 129. Gilbert, Davies, 10, 23, 83, 93, 116, 118, 166, 183, 304, 307, 308, 313, 319, 338, 363, 374, 388. Gittins, Mr., 269. Glanville, Captain, 119, 140, 159. Globular boiler, 119, 124. Gossett, Colonel, 286. Gould, Mr., 8, 27. Government, 154, 183, 311, 338, 388. Governor, 21. Green, Mr., 23, 29. Greenwich, 124. Gregor, Captain, 315. Greytown, 271. Gribble, 159, 176. Grinding engine, 2. Grip, 56. Grist mill, 19. Grose, Captain Samuel, 1, 60, 69, 101, 102, 111, 176, 178, 188, 321. Guayaquil, 252. Guildhall, 365. Gun-carriage, 278, 282, 284, 286. Gundry, Mr., 17. Gunnery, 289. H. Haarlem Lake, 302. Hall and Sons, 283, 393. Hall, Mr., 297. Hall, Mr. B. N., 273. Hall's condenser, 19, 322, 383. Halse, Mr., 17. Hardy, Sir T. H., 339. Harris, Mr., 142, 152. Harrow by steam, 40, 43, 58. Harvey, Mr. Henry, 23, 48, 52, 64, 88, 101, 152, 154, 188, 189, 257, 298, 301, 302, 303, 356, 361, 385. Harvey, Mr. Nicholas, 295. Hawkins, Mr., 395. Hawkins, Sir C., 16, 36, 39, 40, 45, 47, 54, 61, 171. Hayle Harbour, 335. Hazeldine, Mr., 52, 66, 151, 204, 215. Hearse-boiler, 155, 157, 163, 180, 308. Heat lost, 7. Heating apparatus, 363. Henwood, Mr., 180, 185, 245, 360, 386. Herland, 31, 74, 83, 87, 91, 96, 99, 101, 105, 114, 118, 308, 310. High pressure, 19, 109, 119, 148, 150, 198, 271, 310, 376. Hill, Mr., 133. Hodge, Captain, 246, 249. Holland, 110, 296, 299, 317, 333, 369. Holman, Mr., 87. Homfray, Mr., 4, 125, 128, 132, 134, 139, 140. Horizontal cylinder, 19, 28. Hornblower, 117, 170. Horse-power, 36, 42. Hot blast, 11. Hot-house, 133. Hot-house store, 363. Howard, Mr., 390. Hume, Joseph, 390. Husband, Mr., 385. Hydraulic crane, 385. I. Ice making, 294. Illness, 363, 388. Illogan, 228. Incline, 267, 269. Injection, 19, 324. Invoice, 220. Iron furnace, 8. Iron ships, 286, 297, 299, 317. J. Jamaica, 277. Jasper, Mr., 39, 66. Jeffry, Richard, 159, 176. Jenkin, Mr., 83, 118, 166. Joaquin de la Pezula, 233, 237. Johnstone, Captain, 375. José Gonzales de Prada, 236. José Lago y Lemus, 234. Juan Mora River, 266. Judson, Mr., 247. K. Kendal, Mr., 39, 59. Kenny, Captain, 107, 228, 231. King, Captain, 356, 361. L. 'La Belle Machine,' 189. Law proceedings, 148, 150. Lean, Mr., 117, 160, 164. Lean, Mr. John, 317. Legassack, 102. Leith, Captain, 230. Letters,—Edmonds, Mr. Richard, 106; 228, Aug. 20, 1817; 305, Nov. 7, 1827; 305, Jan. 24, 1828; 306, Jan. 12, 1853; Fairbairn, Mr. James, 272, Nov. 27, 1864; Gerard, Mr., 273, Nov. 17, 1827; 280, Jan. 13, 1826; 286, Feb. 21, 1828; Gilbert, Davies, 10, Jan. 20, 1811; 93, Feb. 15, 1816; 312, Dec. 25, 1831; 388, Dec. 26, 1831; Hall, Mr. B. N., 273, Dec. 16, 1864; Harvey, Mr., 23, Nov. 26, 1812; 101, April 18, 1816; 154, Aug. 26, 1810; Hawkins, Sir C., 39, March 19, 1812; Homfray, Mr., 137, Dec. 26, 1804; 139, Jan. 2, 1805; Liddell, Captain, 250, Nov. 3, 1869; Smith, Mr. T., 67, March 26, 1870; Thomas, Captain C., 162, March 29, 1858; Trethuoy, Mr. W., 68, May 17, 1872; Trevithick, Richard, 2, Sept. 23, 1804; 6, Jan. 13, 1811; 12, March 5, 1812; 16, Dec. 5, 1812; 16, April 28, 1812; 18, Dec. 7, 1812; 22, Nov. 8, 1812; 24, Jan. 29, 1813; 27, Feb. 4, 1813; 28, Feb. 4, 1813; 30, March 14, 1814; 31, Dec. 9, 1815; 33, Aug. 19, 1813; 33, March 8, 1816; 36, Feb. 13, 1812; 41, April 26, 1812; 45, May 1, 1812; 47, June 13, 1812; 49, June 17, 1812; 50, July 5, 1812; 51, Oct. 16, 1812; 54, Jan. 26, 1813; 59, Jan. 26, 1813; 61, March 15, 1813; 61, Aug. 19, 1813; 80, July 8, 1815; 86, Sept. 12, 1815; 87, Sept. 29, 1815; 88, Dec. 13, 1815; 89, Dec. 23, 1815; 91, Feb. 11, 1816; 94, March 8, 1816; 96, March 8, 1816; 98, March 7, 1816; 99, April 2, 1816; 124, Oct. 1, 1803; 128, Jan. 5, 1804; 132, July 5, 1804; 141, Feb. 18, 1806; 145, March 4, 1806; 146, March 21, 1806; 171, March 10, 1812; 173, March 27, 1813; 193, May 20, 1813; 198, May 22, 1813; 199, June 2, 1813; 200, June 8, 1813; 201, June 11, 1813; 202, June 19, 1813; 203, June 23, 1813; 204, Sept. 4, 1813; 205, Sept. 7, 1813; 206, Sept. 22, 1813; 206, Oct. 1, 1813; 207, Oct. 11, 1813; 209, Oct. 23, 1813; 212, Dec. 28, 1813; 212, March 4, 1814; 240, Feb. 15, 1817; 243, Nov. 1817; 251, 277, Nov. 15, 1827; 281, Jan. 24, 1828; 286, Feb. 21, 1828; 289, April 19, 1830; 292, June 18, 1828; 294, June 29, 1828; 295, July 31, 1828; 303, Sept. 14, 1829; 305, Jan. 24, 1828; 306, Dec. 20, 1827; 311, Dec. 24, 1831; 315, Dec. 14, 1828; 323, Dec. 30, 1828; 332, July 27, 1829; 335, Nov. 5, 1829; 336, Nov. 14, 1829; 339, Aug. 19, 1830; 363, March 1, 1830; 368, Jan. 24, 1829; 372, June 10, 1830; Vivian, Captain A., 150, May 30, 1806; Williams, Mr. M., 111, Jan. 5, 1853; Williams, Messrs., 304, Nov. 14, 1820. Liberality, 49. Liberty, Wheal, 39. Liddell, Captain, 250. Lima, 31, 32, 64, 80, 195, 206, 217, 218, 224, 226, 240, 247, 249, 271. Linthorn, Mr., 292. Locomotive, 23, 26, 27, 39, 41, 43, 48, 50, 126, 133, 206, 217, 271, 374, 379, 387, 388. Logan, Dr., 40. London engine, 5. Losh, Mr., 95. Low pressure, 76, 140, 148, 157, 179, 180, 192, 395. Lowe, Mr., 277. Lowndes, Lord, 287. M. Machuca, 262. Magdalena, 272. Man and his Man, 361. Manchester, 3, 138, 139. Man's power, 42. Marazion, 180. Marratt, Mr., 129. Matina, 265, 267. Maudslay, Mr., 375. Mellinear Mine, 75. Melville, Lord, 24, 361. Meux's Brewery, 111. Miers, Mr., 247. Mills, Mr., 339, 375. Mint engine, 32, 201, 209, 217, 227, 239, 240, 243, 247. Mitchell, Mr., 137. Model, 197. Momentum, 20, 85, 91, 145, 149. Mont Cenis, 26, 293. Montelegre, Mr., 269. Montelegre River, 266, 279, 280. Moore, Dr., 34. Morley, Earl of, 390. Moyle, Captain M., 307. Mule-power, 45, 47, 201. Murdoch, 105, 118, 125, 126. N. Nankivill, Mr., 38. Navy Board, 17, 41, 47, 372. Neath Abbey, 154, 199. Nelson, Lord, 121. Neville, Mr., 157, 187. New Steam Navigation Company, 383. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 3. Newcomen, 83, 114, 121, 157, 175, 211, 300, 319, 328. Nicaragua Lake, 269. Norfolk, Duke of, 390. Number of engines, 14, 148. O. Oats, James, 111. Odgers, Captain, 98. Open-top cylinders, 19, 60, 208, 210, 211, 300, 363. Oval tube, 21, 153. P. Paddle-wheel, 384. Padre Arias Mine, 262. Padstow engine, 18, 27, 29. Page, Mr., 98, 99, 212, 214, 231, 241. Palmer, General, 390. Pape, Mrs., 66. Parallel motion, 39. Patent laws, 48, 128, 304. Patents, 343 of 1831; 366 of 1831; 376 of 1832. Paynter, Mr., 280. Penponds, 158. Penydarran, 132. Perceval, Mr., 108. Perrier, Mr., 188. Peru, 210, 221, 252. Petition to Parliament, 306, 374, 388. Phillip, Mr., 89, 96, 99. Phillips, Henry, 90. Pickwood, Mr., 47. Pinneys and Ames, 33, 49, 50, 51, 63. Pinto, Don Antonio, 280. Ploughing by steam, 40, 54, 67. Plummer, Barham, and Co., 49. Plunger-pole pump, 119, 198. Plymouth Breakwater, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 54, 195. Plymouth Dockyard, 361. Pneumatic elevator, 392. Poldice, 103. Pole-engine, 31, 69, 80, 83, 90, 92, 99, 102, 176. Pole, Professor, 179. Pooly, William, 158. Population, 44, 265. Portable engine, 1, 5, 17, 22, 39, 50, 54, 170, 220, 309, 368, 370, 374. Power of engine, 14, 27, 42, 72, 76, 80, 86, 100, 115, 121, 143, 148, 210, 211, 333. Praed, Mr., 17, 48, 335. Price, Mr. Joseph, 96. Price, Sir Rose, 64. Proney, Mr., 189. Puffer-engine, 1, 26, 32, 60, 74, 91, 102, 136, 140, 150, 154, 210. Pumping engine, 131, 148, 150, 171, 182, 189, 198, 207, 211, 217, 220, 240, 257. Pumps, 119, 124, 198, 207, 211, 333. Punta de Arenas, 260, 267. Q. Quarrying, 22, 26. Quebrada-honda, 262. R. Railway, 148. 'Ranee' locomotive, 387. Rastrick, Mr., 18, 54, 63, 66, 73, 87, 195, 200, 204, 212. Rawlings, Mr., 62. Rees's Cyclopædia, 181. Reform Column, 390. Rennie, Mr., 24, 28, 31, 157, 181, 184, 187, 320, 339, 356, 358, 372, 381. Reynolds, Mr., 10, 151. Rhine River, 295, 297, 302. Rice, Spring, 311, 388. Richards, Mr., 19, 56. Ridley, Sir Matthew, 388. Robarts, Mr., 390. Roberts, Mr., 38. Robinson and Buchanan, 15, 16. Rock boring, 110, 206. 'Rocket,' 354. Roland, Mr., 196, 229. Rolling mill, 4, 132, 137, 209, 220. Rotterdam, 295. Rowe, George, 163. Rowe, Mr., 231. S. Safety-plug, 126. St. Agnes Head, 59, 171. St. Aubyn, Sir John, 335. St. Ives, 8, 16, 302. Saltram stream, 102. San José, 267. San José River, 266. San Juan de Nicaragua, 265, 269, 271. San Martin, 249. Sandys, Carne, and Vivian, 303. 'Sanspareil,' 204. Santa Rosa, 237. Saunders, James, 231. Savery, 114, 117, 319. Sawing by steam, 41. Screw-bit, 27. Screw-power, 293. Screw-propeller, 67, 384. Serapique, 265, 266, 280. Shammal engine, 121, 158, 166, 177. Sharratt, Mr., 128. Sheffield, Mr., 9. Ships of iron, 286. Silver statue, 244. Sims, Mr., 87, 102, 106, 150, 153, 176, 304. Sinclair, Sir John, 17, 40, 41, 47. Sing, Mr., 66. Smelting furnace, 8. Smiles, Mr., 353. Smith, Mr., 95, 241. Smith, Mr. Thomas, 66, 67. Smoke burner, 20. Soho, 179. Somerset, Duke of, 390. South America, 188, 195, 225, 227, 260, 309. Spade by steam, 40, 58. Spanish Government, 205, 254. Spanish merchants, 2. Spring steelyard, 371. Steam agriculture, 41, 43, 58. Steam agriculture, boat , 17, 41, 329, 337, 356, 359, 375, 378. Steam crane, 23, 27. Steam crane, cushion, 84. Steam crane, mash-tub, 14. Steam crane, Navigation Company, 295. Steam crane, paddle, 369. Steam crane, plough, 43, 58. Steam pressure, 1, 14, 20, 32, 34, 69, 74, 86, 91, 100, 102, 109, 121, 123, 126, 142, 149, 153, 155, 179, 184, 192, 210, 309, 330, 337, 358, 386. Steam stone-boring, 25, 27, 29, 30. Steam stone-boring, Users' Association, 358. Stephenson, 272, 273, 279, 283, 353. Stevenson, Mr. W. B., 247. Stone-borer, 22, 24, 27. Stone-crusher, 1. Stone-splitter, 25. Stourbridge, 132. Stray Park, 159, 166, 169, 175, 177, 183. Strength, 90. Strokes, 20, 32, 36, 82, 91, 98, 100, 210. Stuffing box, 31, 79, 84. Sugar-boiling, 3. Sugar mill, 2, 50. Superheating steam, 290, 315, 324, 330, 376. Surface-air condenser, 333, 335, 339, 341, 343, 374. Surface-water condenser, 19, 316, 322, 324, 329, 332, 335, 338, 341, 343, 374. Swaine, Charles, 119. Sycombe, Mr., 232. Symonds, Captain, 339. 'Syria,' steamboat, 384. T. Tanks, 388. 'Tasmania,' steamboat, 314. Taylor, Mr., 118, 180. Teague, Captain, 197, 199, 229. Telford, Mr., 336. Thomas, Captain Charles, 1, 74, 162. Thomas, Captain Jacob, 157. Thomas, Captain Josiah, 167. Thompson, Mr., 388. Thorne, Dr., 246. Thrashing engine, 17, 21, 36, 38, 40, 42, 54, 61, 64, 68. Tilly, Captain, 229. Tin Croft, 170, 173. Tormentor, 58. Treasury, Wheal, 152. Trecothick, Mr., 47, 50. Treskerby, 102, 105, 107, 176, 305. Trethuoy, Mr. William, 68. Trevarthen, Captain, 213, 230. Trevithick, R., Jun., 158. Trevithick, Sen., 115. Trevithick, Mrs., 1. Trewithen, 38, 68. Trinity Board, 143, 150. Tubular Boiler, 32, 115, 119, 153, 291, 308, 325, 339, 344, 359, 376, 387. Tyack, Mr. John, 295. U. United Mines, 304. Upright Boiler, 41, 60, 290, 332, 339. Uville, Mr., 32, 63, 196, 200, 204, 208, 212, 214, 217, 221, 224, 227, 229, 236, 240, 244, 245. V. Vacuum, 69, 157, 325. Valley puffer, 119, 142. Valves, 160. Viceroy, 226, 251, 259. Vivian, Captain Andrew, 52, 88, 96, 116, 125, 138, 140, 141, 152, 154, 165, 306. Vivian, Captain Henry, 90, 215, 230, 240. Vivian, Captain Joseph, 101, 142. Vivian, Captain Nicholas, 157, 187. Vivian, Henry, 60. Vivian, Mr. Simon, 152. W. Ward, Mr., 361. Warren, Mr., 66. Warsop, Mr., 10. Water-pressure engine, 13, 293, 310. Water-propeller, 378. Waters, Mr., 250. Waterwitch Company, 383. Watkin, Sir Edward, 273. Watson, Mr., 247. Watt, 21, 33, 47, 75, 80, 83, 86, 92, 95, 98, 103, 105, 112, 115, 118, 124, 125, 126, 128, 150, 156, 159, 163, 170, 175, 178, 180, 183, 189, 191, 196, 211, 224, 230, 290, 300, 308, 312, 319, 323, 328, 331, 352, 370, 374, 386, 388, 395. Welsh locomotive, 42, 68. West India Docks, 3, 133. West India engine, 39, 45, 53, 63, 195, 201. West, John, 160. West, William, 158, 163. Wheal, Abraham, 148, 151, 153. Wheal, Alfred, 19, 54, 103, 105, 106. Wheal Clowance, 153. Wheal Concord, 103. Wheal Damsel, 103, 327. Wheal Gens, 117, 118, 155, 159, 169, 177. Wheal Jewel, 150. Wheal Kitty, 153. Wheal Liberty, 171. Wheal Lushington, 103. Wheal Prosper, 69, 84, 106, 171. Wheal Regent, 102. Wheal Seal-hole, 170, 360. Wheal Towan, 157, 178, 185, 316, 327, 331, 360, 369. Wheal Treasure, 102. Wheal Vor, 83, 327. Whims, 17, 32, 39, 60, 119, 128, 141, 150, 153, 172. Whitehead, Mr., 139. 'Wildman,' ship, 217. Williams, Messrs., 22, 88, 106, 109, 124, 150, 153, 184, 281, 283, 304. Williams, William, 220. Wilson, Mr., 386. Winding engine, 2, 201, 208, 217, 220, 240. Windmill, 296. Wollaston, Dr., 293. Wood, Mr., 4. Woolf, Arthur, 80, 83, 86, 92, 96, 111, 180, 189, 316. Woolwich, 286, 335. Worcester, 133. Y. Yanacancha, 238. Yonge, Don, 280. Z. Zuyder Zee, 302.
THE END.
LONDON: PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS
FOOTNOTES:
Transcriber's note:
Inconsistencies in spelling and punctuation are as in the original.