INDEX

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Adaptation, 322, 367, 392, 412.

Ærobates, 338.

Ai, 320.

Amphibia, 342.

Ant-eater, 307, 313.

Antlers, origin of, 316.

Ant-lion, 337.

Appetence, doctrine of, 219, 234, 236, 350, 412.

Aspalax, 307.

Atrophy, 274, 290, 303, 306, 307, 309, 311, 315, 343.

Audouin J. V., 63.

Barus, C., estimate of Lamarck’s work in physics, 85.

Batrachia, 342.

Battle, law of, 219, 224.

Beaver, 312.

Besoins, 245, 270, 274, 281, 295, 302, 324, 334, 346, 350, 352, 412.

Bird, humming, 313.

Birds, domestic, atrophy in, 274; origin of, 342; origin of swimming, 234, 311; perching, 234, 312; shore, 234, 312.

Blainville, H. D. de, 62, 64, 135.

Blumenbach, 138.

Bolton, H. C., 86.

Bonnet, C., ideas on evolution, 156; germs, 163.

Bosc, L. A. G., 52.

Bourguin. L. B., 30, 31.

Bradypus tridactylus, 320.

Brain, 337, 360; human, 358.

Bruguière, J. G., 38, 113.

Buffalo, 315.

Buffon, G. L. L., 19, 92, 198; factors of evolution, 205, 356; views on descent, 201.

Bulla, 348.

Callosities, origin of, 203.

Camelo-pardalis, 316, 351.

Carnivora, 317; origin of, 343.

Catastrophism, 105, 117, 126, 146, 153; anti-, 105, 114, 153.

Cave life, 390, 392.

Cetacea, 343, 409; rudimentary teeth of, 307.

Chain of being, 167, 181, 191, 208, 235, 241, 242.

Changes in environment, 302; local, 301; slow, 301.

Characters, acquired, heredity of, 219, 224, 246, 276, 303, 319.

Chimpanzee, 367.

Chiton, 348.

Circumstances, influence of, 246, 247, 292, 294, 302, 305, 320, 323, 363, 400.

Clam, origin of siphon of, 353, 418.

Classifications, artificial, 282.

Claws of birds, 312; Carnivora, 317, 414.

Climate, 204, 218, 244, 283, 400, 402, 416.

Coal, origin of, 113, 122.

Colonies, animal, 411.

Colors, animal, 221.

Competition, 236, 287.

Conditions, changes of, 292, 294, 302, 305, 310, 400, 407, 414.

Consciousness, 325, 326, 353.

Cope, E. D., 383, 389.

Corals, 115.

Correlation, law of, 136, 142, 145; of tertiary beds, 133.

Costantin, 416.

Creation by evolution, 130.

Crossing, swamping effects of, 246, 320.

Crustacea, origin of, 341.

Cunningham, J. T., 409.

Cuvier, George, 66, 140; eulogy on Lamarck, 65; first paper, 185.

Dall, W. H., estimate of Lamarck’s work, 196.

Darkness, influence of, 308.

Darwin, Charles, 423, 424; estimate of Lamarck’s views, 73; factors tabulated, 356; origin of man, compared with Lamarck’s, 371; views on descent, 217, 407.

Darwin, Erasmus, factors of evolution, 217, 223, 356; life of, 216.

Daubenton, 19, 26, 29, 136.

Deer, 316.

Degeneration, as used by Buffon, 204, 209; by Geoffroy, 213; by Lamarck, 182, 274, 290.

Delbœuf’s law, 406.

Desiring, 236, 351, 412.

Digits, modifications of, 234, 311, 317, 321, 338, 344; reduction of, 315.

Direct action of environment, 324, 409, 410, 414, 416.

Disuse, 274, 290, 296, 303, 306, 307, 311, 318, 343, 392, 412.

Dixon, C., 405.

Dogs, tailless, 220; domestication in, 299; races of, 299, 304.

Domestic animals, 274, 304.

Domestication, effects of, 298, 323.

D’Orbigny, A., 386.

Duck, 298, 312, 318.

Duckbill, 412.

Earth, great age of, 119; revolutions of, 109, 147, 150; theory of, 149.

Earth’s interior, 105.

Effort, 213, 234, 257, 295, 339, 348, 351, 353, 354, 370, 411, 420.

Egypt, mummied species of, 271, 286.

Eigenmann, C. H., 393.

Eimer, G. H. T., 408.

Elephant, 315.

Emotion, 353.

Encasement theory, 162, 218, 222.

Environment, 214, 410, 417, 421.

Epigenesis, 156.

Erosion, 101.

Evil, 377.

Evolution, dynamic, 417; Lamarck’s views on, 322.

Exercise, 211, 256.

Existence, struggle for, 207, 237, 287.

Extinct species, 126, 129, 130.

Eyeless animals, 307, 309.

Eyes, 308; of flounder, 313.

Faujas de St. Fond, 23, 140.

Feelings, internal, 324, 325, 330, 347.

Fishes, flat, 313; form due to medium, 291; origin of, 341.

Fittest, origin of, 383.

Flamingo, 250.

Flounder, 313.

Flying mammals, origin of, 338.

Fossilization, 120.

Fossils, 109, 110, 112, 125, 138; deep-sea, 113; of Paris basin, 134.

Frog, 312.

Function, change of, 394.

Galeopithecus, 339.

Gasteropods, 348, 417.

Generation, spontaneous, 158, 176, 201, 285.

Geoffroy St. Hilaire, E., 36, 67, 307; factors tabulated, 356; life, 212; views on descent, 215; views on species, 213.

Geographical distribution, 205, 246.

Geological time, 119, 130, 222.

Geology, Lamarck’s work in, 100.

Germs of life, first, 259, 261, 268; preëxistence of, 162, 218, 222.

Giard, A., 406, 410.

Giraffe, 316, 351, 411, 412.

Goose, 298, 312, 313.

Granite, origin of, 120, 149.

Guettard, J. E., 95, 132, 136.

Gulick, J. T., 405.

Habits, 235, 247, 295, 303, 305, 314, 316, 321, 323, 324, 340, 394.

Haeckel, E., 385; estimate of Lamarck’s theory, 69.

Hamy, E. T., 19, 22, 25.

Hearing, 308.

Henslow, G., 414.

Heredity, 250, 276, 303, 306, 319, 336; of acquired characters, 219, 224, 246, 276, 303, 319.

Hertwig, R., 282.

Hoofs, origin of, 315.

Hooke, Robert, 132.

Horns, origin of, 316, 354, 393, 409.

Horse, 274, 304, 315.

Hutton, James, 99.

Huxley, T. H., 423, 424; estimate of Lamarck’s scientific position, 74, 90.

Hyatt, A., 386, 419.

Hybridity, 223.

Hybrids, 284.

Hydrogéologie, 89.

Imitation, 361.

Indirect action of environment, 324, 409.

Industry, animal, 336.

Infusoria, 328.

Insects, wingless, 309.

Intestines of man, 310.

Instinct, 223, 286, 330, 331, 332, 349; variations in, 335, 337, 349.

Isolation, 392, 394, 404; in man, 320, 369.

Jacko, 364.

Jardin des Plantes, 23.

Jeffries, J. A., 413.

Jordan, K., 410.

Juncus bufonius, 252.

Kangaroo, 318.

Lacaze-Duthiers, H. de, reminiscences of Lamarck, 75.

Lakanal, J., 28.

Lamarck, Cornelie de, 55.

Lamarck, J. B. de, birth, 6; birthplace, 4; blindness, 51; botanical career, 15, 19, 173; burial place, 57; death, 51; estimates of his life-work, 69; factors at evolution, 233, 356; founder of palæontology, 124; house in Paris, 42; meteorology and physical science, 79; military career, 11; origin of man, 357; parentage, 7; share in reorganization of Museum, 24; shells, collections of, 46; on spontaneous generation, 158; style, 179; travels, 20; views on religion, 372; work in geology, 89; zoölogical work, 32, 180.

Lamarckism, relations to Darwinism, 382.

Land, changes of level of, 107.

Latreille, P. A., 62.

Law of battle, 219, 224.

Laws of evolution, Lamarck’s, 303, 346.

Legs, atrophy of, 290, 309, 343.

Lemur volans, 339.

Life, 346; conditions of, 292, 294, 302, 305, 310, 400, 414; definitions of, 168, 169, 280.

Light, 410.

Limbs, atrophy of, 290, 309; genesis of, 421; of seal, 338, 344; whale, 343.

Lizard, 313.

Local changes, 301.

Lyell, Charles, estimate of Lamarck’s theory, 71.

Mammals, aquatic, 343; flying, 338.

Man, as a check on animal life, 288; origin of, 357; origin of language, 370; origin of his plantigrade feet, 365; posture, 362, 368; relation to apes, 362; segregation of, from apes, 369; shape of his skull, 365; sign-language, 368; speech, origin of, 370; swamping effects of crossing in, 320.

Medium, 214.

Milieu, 214, 416.

Mimicry, protective, 220, 221, 225.

Minerals, growth of, 164.

Mole, 307.

Molluscs, 420; eyeless, 309; gasteropod, 348; pelecypod, 417; lamellibranch, 418; Lamarck’s work on, 189.

Monet, de, 8.

Monotremes, origin from birds, 342.

Morals, 372.

Mortillet, G. de, 30.

Mountains formed by erosion, 101, 103.

Muscles, adductor, 418.

Museum of Natural History, Paris, 34.

Mya arenaria, 353, 418.

Myrmecophaga, 307.

Myrmeleon, 337.

Nails, 321.

Natural selection. Inadequacy of, 393, 397, 401, 407, 410, 413, 415, 421, 423.

Nature, balance of, 207; definition of, 169, 345, 375.

Neck, elongation of, in birds, 274, 311, 317; giraffe, 316, 351; ostrich, 317.

Needs, 245, 270, 274, 281, 295, 302, 324, 334, 346, 350, 351, 352.

Neodarwinism, 422.

Neolamarckism, 2, 382, 396, 398, 422.

Ophidia, atrophy of legs of, 290, 309.

Organic sense, 325, 327, 336.

Organs, changes in, 310; origin of, precedes their use, 223; follows their use, 305, 346; atrophy of, 274, 290, 303, 306, 307, 309, 311, 315; new production of, 346, 412, 420.

Orang-outang, 364.

Osborn, H. S., 403.

Ostrich, 317.

Otter, 312.

Ox, 315.

Oyster, 419.

Palæontology, 136; Invertebrate, 135, 149.

Pallas, 137.

Penchants, 281, 293, 328, 331.

Perrier, E., 26,411.

Petaurista, 338.

Philosophy, moral, Lamarck’s, 379.

Phoca vitulina, 338, 344.

Phylogeny, 130.

Pigeons, 298; fantail, 304.

Planorbis, 387.

Plants, changes due to cultivation, etc., 251, 267, 274, 283, 296, 297; cultivated, 298.

Population, over-, checks on, 287, 288.

Preformation, 162, 218, 222.

Propensities, 281, 293, 328, 335, 349, 351.

Proteus, 308.

Pteromys, 339.

Ranunculus Aquatilis, 251, 300.

Religion and science, 372.

Reptiles, 342.

Revolutions of the earth, 109, 142.

Rousseau, J. J., 17, 18.

Roux, W., 421.

Ruminants, 315.

Ryder, J. A., 403.

Science and Religion, 372.

Sciurus volans, 338.

Scott, W. B., 403.

Sea, former existence of, 109, 110, 148.

Seal, 338, 344.

Segments, origin of, 421.

Segregation, in man, 320, 369.

Selection, mechanical, 410.

Semper, C., 406.

Series, animal, branching, 235, 264, 282.

Serpents, origin of, 290, 309; eyes of, 314.

Sexual selection, 219, 224.

Shell, bivalve, origin of, 418; crustacean, 418.

Shells, deep-water, 112; fossil, 40, 120, 125, 131; Lamarckian genera, 183.

Simia satyrus, 367; troglodytes, 364.

Sloth, 320.

Snakes, atrophy of legs of, 290, 309; eyes of, 314; origin of, 290, 309; tongue of, 313.

Sole, 314.

Species, Buffon’s views on, 201, 221; definition of, 252, 255, 262, 267, 275; extinct, 126; Geoffroy St. Hilaire, views on, 214; Lamarck’s views on, 183; modification of, 131; origin of, 131, 283; stability of, 271, 277, 401; variation in, 278.

Speech, 370.

Spencer, Herbert, 371, 382, 384, 415.

Spermist, 218.

Sphalax, 307.

Spines, 251, 393, 414.

Sponges, 194.

Squirrel, flying, 338, 339.

Stimulus, external, 348, 354, 393.

Struggle for existence, 207, 237, 287.

Surroundings, 214, 421; local, 410.

Symmetry, radial, 291.

Swan, 313.

Tail, of kangaroo, 318.

Teeth, 307; atrophy of, 307; in embryo birds, 307; in whales, 307.

Temperature, 410.

Tentacles of snail, 348, 354.

Tertiary shells, 110, 125, 133.

Thought, definition of, 172.

Time, geological, 119, 130, 222, 236.

Toes, modifications of, 234, 311, 315, 317, 321, 338, 344.

Tree, genealogical, first, 130, 181, 192, 193, 349.

Trout, 403.

Tubercles, origin of, 394.

Tunicata, position of, 195.

Turbot, 314.

Turtle, sea, 312.

Uniformitarianism, 130.

Use, 248, 256, 257, 302, 303, 311, 318, 384, 412.

Use-inheritance, 219, 224, 246, 276, 303, 319, 346.

Use originates organs, 276, 311, 346.

Variability, 407.

Variation, climatic, 204, 218, 401; causes of, 218, 266.

Varieties, 401.

Varigny, H. de, 408.

Vestigial organs, 307, 308.

Vital force, 167.

Vitalism, 168.

Volucella, 338.

Wagner, M., 404.

Wallace, A. R., on origin of giraffe’s neck, 351.

Wants, 245, 270, 274, 281, 295, 302, 324, 334, 346, 350, 351, 352.

Ward, L. F., 422.

Water, diversified condition of, 290.

Werner, 97.

Whale, 307, 343, 409.

Will, 319, 330, 337.

Willing, 236, 351, 412.

Weismann, A., 399.

Wings, atrophy of, in insects, 309.

Woodpecker, 313.