INDEX

Adams, President of United States, 177

Alexander, I, of Russia, visits Kościuszko in prison, 168, 191; friendship with Czartoryski, 168, 191; relations with Poland, 168, 191-6; enters Paris in 1814, 191; Kościuszko's efforts for Poland with, 191-5, 197; promise to Kościuszko, 193; 201

André, 44

Arnault, 200

Arnold, 44

Augustus, III, king of Poland, 26, 27

Bar, Confederation of, 31, 39, 40, 130

Bartos, Wojtek, see Głowacki

Beaujolais, de, 180

Brandys, Tomasz, 106, 107

Branicki, X., 71, 72, 79, 81, 83

Burgoyne, 38

Burke, Edmund, 71

Carignano, princess di, Maria, 199

Carlo Alberto, 199

Catherine, II, of Russia, relations with Stanislas Augustus, 27, 33, 77, 80; intrigues in Poland, 31, 71, 72, 77, 81, 83, 87, 94; 92; 99; 130; attitude to Prussia at siege of Warsaw, 146; treats with Prussia for third partition, 149; sends Suvorov to Poland. ib.; relations with Kościuszko, 167; death, 168; 172; 191 Charles, XII, of Sweden, 30 Clinton, 41 Constantine, Grand Duke, 192, 193 Constitution of the Third of May, 53, 59, 71, 72, 81, 89, 117, 128 Cornwallis, 46

Cosway, portrait of Kościuszko, 175, 176, 200

Czartoryska, Princess, Kościuszko's letters to, 79-81, 84, 121; 87

Czartoryski, Prince Adam, relations with Kościuszko, 27, 50; relations with School of Cadets, 27-29

Czartoryski, Prince Adam, meets Kościuszko in youth, 87; hostage in Catherine II's court, 87, 191; friendship with Alexander I, 168, 191; Russia's foreign minister of affairs, 191, 193; interview with Kościuszko, 194; Kościuszko's letter to, 195, 196; outlawed for share in Rising of 1830, 196

Danton, 90

Denisov, 129

Devonshire, Duchess of, 175, 180

Dombrowski, leader of Polish legions, 143, 183, 189; the March of, 143, 183; at siege of Warsaw, 143; successes in Great Poland, 150; takes Bydgoszcz, 154; manifesto to Poles, 183; 184

Działynski, 157

Estko, Stanislas, 56, 85, 183

Estkowa, Anna, 30; affection between Kościuszko and, 33, 56; 54; 55; Kościuszko's letters to, 56, 57, 60, 61; Kościuszko's farewell letter to, 84, 85; 183

Fersen, Kościuszko marches against, 153; Kościuszko's captor, 159-162

Fiszer, 156, 158-165

Fouché, treats for Napoleon with Kościuszko, 188-190

Fox, 175

Franklin, Benjamin, 40, 50

Frederick William, II, of Prussia, 99; at Szczekociny, 132, 133; 138; at siege of Warsaw, 141; summons Stanislas Augustus to surrender, 145; treats with Catherine II for the third partition, 149

Gates, relations with Kościuszko, 38, 39, 43, 44, 178; at Saratoga, 38, 39; 41; defeat Camden, 45; 181

George III, 92

Głowacki, Wojciech, 109

Greene, Mrs., 48

Greene, Nathaniel, relations with Kościuszko, 43-46; leads war in Carolina; 45-9, on Kościuszko, 48, 49

Grey, Lord, Kościuszko addresses him on restoration of Poland, 196; his answer, 196, 197

Grzywa, Jan, 106, 107

Igelstrom, 92, 95, 112, 113

Jefferson, Thomas, 44; Kościuszko's friendship with, 178, 180, 181, 188; Kościuszko's portrait of, 180; on Kościuszko, 181; executor of Kościuszko's legacy to the negroes, 181, 182

Kachowski, 76, 78

Kamienski, 142, 143

Kapostas, 94, 128

Kilinski, takes part in Rising, 112, 140, 141, 143; on Polish National Council, 128

Kniaziewicz, in Polish legions, 64, 185; in Pan Tadeusz, 70; at Dubienka, 76; 81; at Maciejowice, 158; prisoner of war, 158-164; 185; 186

Kołłontaj, Hugo, member of Commission of Education, 53; collaboration in Rising, 53, 89, 92, 95, 121; as political reformer, 54, 61; friendship with Kościuszko, 61, 153; on Kościuszko, 89; member of National Council, 127

Kopeć, leads soldiers to Rising, 130; at Maciejowice, 157; prisoner of war, 157-164

Korzon, T., 35, 37, 59, 69, 85, 86, 135, 166

Kościuszko, Józef, 30, 31, 33, 54, 55

Kościuszko, Ludwik, position of, 24; character and household, 24, 25; 26; 32; 34

Kościuszko, Tadeusz, type of national champion, 23; character, 23, 26, 29, 30, 33, 34, 41, 42, 45, 47, 49, 51, 57, 62, 70, 80, 83, 93, 102, 105, 107, 111, 115, 122-124, 127, 131, 134, 138, 147, 148, 174, 175, 196; birth, 23; early life, 24-6; efforts for the serfs, 25, 55, 85, 116, 117, 190, 192; patriotism, 26, 32, 33, 43, 50, 58, 70, 83, 84, 93, 115, 122, 123, 144, 167, 175, 176, 182, 188, 191, 196, 200; relations with Adam Czartoryski, 27, 50; life as cadet, 27-30; relations with Stanislas Augustus, 27, 30-33, 35, 59, 60, 76, 79-81, 113, 119, 122; his appearance, 29, 144; financial difficulties, 30-33, 54, 55; studies in France, 31, 32, 35; in American War of Independence, 31, 32, 36-52, 57, 59, 82, 91, 132; returns to Poland in 1774, 32, 33; affection for Anna Estkowa, 33, 56; Ludwika Sosnowska (Lubomirska) and, 33-35, 51, 59, 163, 199; leaves Poland in 1775, 35; in Paris, 35, 36; relations with Washington, 37, 39-44, 49, 177, 178; relations with Gates, 38, 39, 43, 44, 178; meeting with Pułaski, 39, 40; relations with Greene, 43-46; sympathy for negroes, 45; Greene on, 48, 49; American testimonies to, 49; American honours for, 49, 50; friendship with Niemcewicz, 50, 51, 61, 105, 144, 160, 165, 170; leaves America, 51; democratic sympathies, 51, 58, 59, 90, 91, 128, 178; returns to Poland from America, 53; life in the country, 54-8; letters to Anna Estkowa, 56, 57, 60, 61, 84, 85; friendship with Zaleskis, 57; letter to Michał Zaleski's wife, 57, 58; letters to Michał Zaleski, 58, 72, 73, 82, 83; his ideas on peasant army, 58, 91-4, 108, 110, 116; command in Polish army, 59-62, 73; friendship with Ignacy Potocki and Kołłontaj, 61, 153; Orlowski's letter to, 62; love for Tekla Żurowska, 62-70; letters to Tekla Żurowska, 63-7, 69; in Pan Tadeusz, 70; part in Ukraine campaign, 74-6, 78; his MS. on Ukraine campaign, 75, 76, 78, 91, 92, 119; honours after Dubienka, 76, 77; resigns command, 79-81, 84; letters to Princess Czartoryska, 79-81, 84, 121; audience with King, 80, 81; last days in Warsaw, 81, 82; letter to Felix Potocki, 82; bequeathal of estate, 84, 85; goes into exile, 85, 86; in Galicia, 87, 88; friendship of Czartoryskis for, 87; in Leipzig, 88, 89; Kołłontaj on, 89; in Paris during Revolution, 89-92; relations with Lebrun, 90, 187; characteristics of his government of Poland, 91, 114, 115, 121, 124; returns to Leipzig, 92; chosen as national leader, 92, 93; preparations for Rising, 93, 94; in Italy, 94; in Dresden, 95; enters Poland as liberator, 95; enters Cracow, 96; his Act of the Rising, 96-102, 127; opens Rising in Cracow, 97, 98; made dictator, 100; character of his manifestos, 102, 123; manifesto to the Polish and Lithuanian armies, 103-5; to the clergy, 105; to women, 105, 106; receives offering of boatmen, 106, 107; organizes Rising, 107; his victory at Racławice, 108, 109, 132, 198; relations with peasant soldiers, 108, 109, 122, 144; his report on Racławice, 109; organizes Rising after Racławice, 110; enthusiasm for him, 110, 121-3, 144; manifesto to Sandomierz, 111, 112; appeal to Warsaw, 112; manifesto on Rising of Warsaw, 113; Provisional Council of Wilno on, 113, 114; difficulties of his task, 114, 115; letters to Mokronowski, 115, 122, 148; to prince Sapieha, 115, 116; manifesto to Volhymia, 116; mandate to churches, 118; conception of the war, 118, 130; manifesto regarding Ruthenes, 118, 119; to Ruthenian clergy, 119; letter to King, 120, 121; relations with his officers, 122, 123; manifesto to Lithuania, 124, 125; manifesto on his government of state, 126, 127; regularizes civil government, 127, 128; reception of Poniatowski, 127; against Denisov, 129; description of his camp and person, 130, 131; 131; defeat at Szczekociny, 132-4; Austria orders arrest of, 134; summons to peasant war, 134, 135; his desperate position, 135; letter to citizens of Warsaw, 135, 136; manifesto after Szczekociny, 136; march to Warsaw, 136, 138; manifesto on loss of Cracow, 137; letter to Warsaw on street murders, 138-140; tact in dealing with men and affairs, 140; his defence of Warsaw, 141-6; conduct of affairs from Warsaw, 144, 145; attitude on Rising in Great Poland, 145; letter to Zakrzewski, 145, 146; letter of National Council to, 146, 147; reply to National Council, 147; religious tolerance, 148; conduct to Jews, ib.; and to prisoners of war, 148, 149; position after deliverance of Warsaw, 149, 150; journey to Lithuania, 150; manifesto to Lithuanian army, 150-152; his last manifesto, 152, 153; last night in Warsaw, 153; ride from Warsaw to Sierakowski's camp, 153, 154; last march, 154, 155; attitude on Dombrowski's victory, 154; on eve of Maciejowice, 155, 156; at Maciejowice, 156-158, 197, 202; wounded and taken prisoner, 158; prisoner in the Zamojski manor, 159, 160; journey to Russia, 160-165; message and gift from National Council to, 161; grief in Warsaw for, 161; Warsaw offers to exchange Russian prisoners for, 161, 162; Niemcewicz on indignity shown to, 162; failure and moral effect of his Rising, 163; imprisonment in Petersburg, 165-168, 170, 171, 173; subjected to inquisition, 166, 167; relations with Catherine II, 167; Rogerson on, 167; visited by Paul I in prison and freed, 168; visited by Alexander I in prison, 168, 191; colloquy with Paul, 168-170; subsequent interviews with Tsar, 170; interview with Niemcewicz, 170, 171; takes oath of allegiance, 171; farewell audience with Imperial family, 171 172; leaves Russia, 172; journey through Finland, 173, 174; in Sweden, 174, 175; Swedish portrait of, 174, 175; Cosway's portrait of, 175, 176, 200; leaves Sweden for England, 175; life in London, 175, 176; effect on Savage Landor, 175; letter to Russian ambassador, 176; in Bath and Bristol, ib.; departure from Bristol, 176, 177; journey to United States, 177; in Philadelphia, 177, 178; Adams' letter to, 177; friendship with Jefferson, 178, 180, 181, 188; friendship with White family, 178-180; letter to Mrs. White, 179; returns to Philadelphia, 179; Paul I's gift of money to, 180, 184, 185, 201; financial dealings with Congress, 180; visited by Orleans princes, 180; his portrait of Jefferson, ib.; Jefferson on, 181; returns to Europe, 181-183; will for the negroes, 181, 182; nephews join legions, 183; honours paid him in Bayonne, 183, 184; in Paris, 184, 185; repudiates oath to Paul I, 184, 185; measures taken by partitioning powers against, 185; presented with Sobieski's sword, 185, 186; relations with legions, 186, 187; relations with Napoleon I, 186-190; withdraws from relations with French government, 187; furthers interests of disbanded legionaries, 188; his textbook on artillery, ib.; friendship with Zeltners, 188, 190-192, 198, 199, 201; his conditions for Poland's restoration, 190, 192; life in France until Napoleon's fall, 190, 191; Emilia Zeltner and, 190, 191, 198, 199, 201; relations with Alexander I, 191, 201; pleads for Poland with Alexander, 191-195, 197; promise of Alexander to, 193; sent for by Czartoryski, 193; journey to Austria, 193, 194; interview with Czartoryski, 194; letter to Czartoryski, 195, 196; fulfilment of his predictions regarding Poland, 196; writes to Grey, ib.; Grey's answer to, 196, 197; retires from public life, 197; last years, 197-201; love of children and youth, 198; love of poor, 198, 199, 201; corresponds with Princess di Carignano, 199, 200; correspondence with Jane Porter, 200; interest in education, 200, 201; death, 201; last resting place, ib.; the hill of, 201, 202; Polish cult of, 202; his refutation of Finis Poloniæ, 202, 203.

Kościuszko, Tekla, relations with husband, 25; character, 26; death, 30

Krasinska, Franciszka, 200

Krushtzov, 162

Lafayette, acquaintance with Kościuszko and Pulaski, 40

Landor, Walter Savage, Kościuszko and, 175

Laurens, 47

Lebrun, relations with Kościuszko, 90, 187

Lee, Harry, on Kościuszko, 49

Libiszewsld, 173-175, 177

Louis Philippe, visits Kościuszko, 180

Louis XVI, recognizes United States, 38; execution, 89, 90, 119

Lubomirska, Ludwika, and Kościuszko, 33-35, 51, 59, 163, 199

Madalinski, 96, 108, 109, 134, 142, 143

Marek. Father, 130

Marie, Empress of Russia, 172

McDougall, on Kościuszko, 41

Mickiewicz, Adam, on patriotism, 23; his poetry, 60; his Pan Tadeusz, 70, 202

Mokronowski, in Rising, 113, 150; Kościuszko's letters to, 115, 122, 148

Montpensier, de, 180

Napoleon I, Polish legions and, 182, 183, 186, 187, 189; betrays Poland, 183, 187; enthusiasm of Poles for, 183, 189; relations with Kościuszko, 186-190; becomes first consul, 187; becomes emperor, 188; victory at Jena, ib.; summons Poles to banner, 188, 189; on Kościuszko, 190; his victories, ib.; marches on Paris, 193.

Nicholas, I, of Russia, 196

Niemcewicz, Julian, friendship with Kościuszko, 50, 51, 61, 105, 144, 160, 165, 170; patriot and poet, 51, 61; in Florence, 94; Kościuszko's companion in Rising, 105, 143, 144, 150, 153-156; at Maciejowice, 156, 157; description of battle, 156-8; taken prisoner, 157, 158; Kościuszko's companion as prisoner of war, 159-165; on indignity paid to Kościuszko, 162; imprisonment in Petersburg, 165, 167; 168; interview with Kościuszko, 170, 171; leaves Russia, 172, 173; journey through Finland, 174; journey to England, 175; 176; journey to United States, 177; 180; 181

Oginska, Princess, 150

Oginski, Michal, Prince, 138, 147, 161

Orlewska, Tekla, 64

Orłowski, 31, 62, 87, 145

Parsons, 41

Paszkowski, 190, 201

Paul, I, of Russia, visits Kościuszko in prison and frees him, 168; colloquy with Kościuszko, 168-170; subsequent interviews with Kościuszko, 170; exacts oath of allegiance from Kościuszko, 171; farewell audience with Kościuszko, 172; 179; gift of money to Kościuszko, 180, 184, 185, 201; Kościuszko repudiates oath to, 184, 185

Perronet, 31

Pestalozzi, 200

Poniatowski, Józef, Polish leader in Napoleonic wars, 74, 189; in Ukraine campaign, 74-6, 78, 91; in Rising, 122, 127; 143; Kościuszko's reception of, 127

Poniatowski, Stanislas Augustus, see S.

Poninski, 133, 157

Porter, Jane, 200

Potocki, Felix, 71, 72, 75, 79, 81; Kościuszko's letter to, 82; 83

Potocki, Ignacy, member of Commission of Education, 53; collaboration in Rising, 53. 89, 92, 93, 95, 121; friendship with Kościuszko, 61, 153; patriotic reformer, 61, 89; member of National Council, 127; consulted by Kościuszko regarding oath, 171

Potocki, Stanislas, 75

Pułaski, Kazimierz, 31, 39, 40

Radière, 41

Repnin, 31

Robespierre, 91

Rogerson, on Kościuszko, 167; 171, 172, 176

Rzewuski, Severin, 71, 72, 79, 81, 83

Sanguszko, Eustachy, 133

Sanguszko, Princess, 163

Sapieha, Franciszek, 115, 116

Ségur, 202

Sheridan, 175

Sierakowski, 150, 153, 154, 158-164

Sobieski, Jan, 87, 185, 186, 201

Sosnowska, Ludwika, see Lubomirska

Sosnowski, Józef, 33, 34

Sroki, Wojciech, 106, 107

Stanislas, Augustus, succeeds to throne of Poland, 27; relations with Catherine II, 27, 33, 77, 80; relations with Kościuszko, 27, 30-33, 35, 59, 60, 76, 79-81, 113, 119, 122; character, 30, 32, 80; patron of art and letters, 53; speech to Diet, 73, 74; conduct in Ukraine campaign, 75; adheres to Targowica, 77, 78; Kościuszko on, 78, 91, 92; 81; adheres to Rising, 112, 113; Kościuszko's letter to, 120, 121; in siege of Warsaw, 145

Staszyc, 54

Suvorov, marches against Kościuszko, 149, 153; beats Sierakowski, 150; his massacre at Praga, 153, 163; his siege of Warsaw, 161

Targowica, Confederation of, 72, 73, 77. 78. 81-83, 120, 138

Walpole, Horace, 71

Washington, George, relations with Kościuszko, 37, 39-44, 49, 177, 178; 43; 45; 50; 180

Wejssenhof, 121

White, Eliza, 179

White, General, 178, 180, 181

White, Mrs., 179, 180

Wilkinson, 38

Wilmot, 47, 48

Wodzicki, 97, 132, 133

Wybicki, 189

Zajonczek, 93, 94, 109

Zakrzewski, 113; summons to citizens of Warsaw, 140, 141; 143; letter of Kościuszko to, 145, 146; Kościuszko's last evening with, 153

Zaleski, Michal, Kościuszko's friendship for, 57; Kościuszko's letter to his wife, 57, 58; Kościuszko's letters to, 58, 72, 73, 82, 83

Zeltner, Emilia, and Kościuszko, 190, 191, 198, 199, 201

Zeltner, family of, 188, 190-192, 198, 199, 201.

Zurowska, Tekla, Kościuszko's love for, 62-70; Kościuszko's letters to, 63-67, 69; marries Kniaziewicz, 70

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