Index

Achan's Tavern, Del., 18 Addison, Joseph, 58, 180 Aesop, Fables, 54, 132 Agriculture, 94, 125, 127, 133 attempts to diversify, xv "new grounds," xiv, xxviii tobacco the mainstay of, xiv wasteful system of cultivation, xiv, 88 see also land, tenancy Ague, passim Aiken, Mr., 103 "Albany," Westmoreland County, Buckner home, 248 Alexandria, Va., 18, 77, 97, 240, 247 Allen, Moses, 3, 240 Allestree, A Gentleman's Calling, xvii All Fours (game), 104, 247 American Colonies, rapid growth of, 63 toasts to trade of, 64 see also American Revolution, Continental Congress American Historical Review, Fithian manuscripts published in, xxxii, 239 American Revolution, xxix, 246, 137, 173-74 disturbances leading to, 111, 112, 113, 115, 122-23, 149 political discussions preceding, 110, 116, 137, 173, 191 sympathy for Northern colonies, 59, 113, 117 views of Carter on issues leading to, 111, 196 American Whig Society, 7, 240 Amusement of the German Spa, 121 Amusements, see Assemblies, Balls, Barbecues, Betting, Billiards, Boat races, Books, Cards, Christmas, Cockfighting, Dancing, Dice, Drinking, Fencing, Fox-hunts, Gambling, Games, Gardens, Horses, Horse-racing, House-warmings, Magazines, Music, Skating Anabaptists, see Baptist Church Anburey, Thomas, 238 Andrews, Robert, 237 Anglican Church, 25, 29, 31, 41, 77, 84, 137, 167, 243 Anabaptists opposed by ministers of, 72-73 Bruton Parish, 65, 245 Carter serves as vestryman and warden, xxix choirs, 195 Cople Parish, xxix doctrines of, 61, 148 Hanover Parish, 244, 246 Lunenburg Parish, 241 Mrs. Carter admires, 61 order to elect Burgesses read in, 137 reading of ministers, 66 Richmond Parish, 19 St. George's Parish, 244, 246 schoolmasters take orders in, 25, 243 slaves attend services, 89 social character of gatherings, xxxi, 137, 167 see also Nomini Church, Yeocomico Church Annapolis, Md., 59, 77, 79, 96, 97, 108, 118, 209 Anthems, 127, 158 Apples, 132, 140 Apricots, 79, 90 Aprons, 124, 125 Aquia, Va., 19, 241 Aquia Creek, 241 Architecture, handbooks on, xviii, xix plan of Nomini Hall, 60, 146, 181 master builders from England, xx of Mount Airy, 94, 246 offices are integral parts of residences, xx residences based on homes of English gentry, xix see also titles of catalogue in Appendix Arithmetic, 25, 83 problem submitted to Fithian, 197 Armitage, Polly, 106 family, 173 Arne, Thomas Augustine, 243 Arnest, Dr. John, 246 T. M., 246 Artaxerxes (opera), 243 Artichokes, 128 Artisans, xxix see also carpenters, coopers, shoemakers, tinkers Asparagus, 79 Assemblies, xxxi see also, Virginia, General Assembly of Astronomy, 132 Atwell, Mr., 68, 142, 143, 144 Augusta County, 58 Awnings, for boats, 153 Bakeries, xxviii, 75, 191 Bakers, 88 Balantine (Balandine), Mr., 51, 56, 244 Balinger, Capt., 106 Ballrooms, 97, 154 at Hobb's Hole, 154 at Nomini Hall, 80 at "Tuckahoe," 239 Balls, xxxi, 34, 53, 57, 162, 168 at Hobb's Hole, 151, 154 at Lee Hall, 42, 43, 47, 56-58, 244 at Nomini Hall, 35 at Sabine Hall, 171 Baltimore, 18, 53, 59, 87, 209 see also Baltimore Iron Works Baltimore Iron Works, 79, 82 Carter secures interest in, xxviii Banjos, 62 Bank of North America, 117 Bank of the United States, 117 Bankers, xxviii Banquets, xxxi Baptist Church, growth of membership, 72 in Loudoun County, 72 ministers of, 211 opposed by Anglican minister, 72 Barbecues, xxxi, 183 Barberries, 194 Barbers, 33, 54, 91, 97, 135, 158 Barges, 76 of Robert Carter, 143 Barley broth, 32 Bateaux, 144 Baylor, John, xviii family, educated in England, xviii, 237 Beale, Mr., 144, 248 Charles, widow of, marries Reverend Giberne, 241 Elizabeth, 248 Judith (Carter), 248 Mary (Fauntleroy), see Giberne, Mary (Fauntleroy Beale) Reuben, 248 Winifred, 248 family, 248 Beatty, Charles, 105 Elizabeth ("Laura," "Eliza," "Betsey"), xxxii, 4, 8-9, 14-15, 21, 27, 28, 32, 34, 37, 47, 53, 58, 70, 77, 82, 84, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 111, 118, 131, 141, 149, 156, 157, 170, 174-175, 179, 187, 206, 207, 247 Fithian expresses love for, 139-140 letters to, 8-9, 12-13, 35-36, 53, 115-116, 139-140, 179-180, 210-212, 212-214 marries Philip Fithian, xxxii second marriage to Joel Fithian, 240 Dr. John, 14, 105, 107, 240 Reading, 100, 105, 247 Beaufort (ship), 156 Bedford, Miss, 106 Beef, 75, 90 "Belinda," 170 corresponds with Fithian, 170 "Belle Ville," Richmond County, Giberne home, 241 "Bellfield," York County, Diggs home, 248 Benson, Capt., 154 "Berkeley," Charles City County, Harrison home, xxii Bernard, John, quoted, 237 Bertoldo in Corte (opera), 246 Bett (dairy girl), 157 Betting, 29, 154, 162, 186, 190 Beverley, Harry, of "Hazelwood," ideas on education, xvii Robert, of "Blandfield," plans education for son, xviii Bible, 92, 111 Billiards, 109 Birds, 75, 76, 78, 96 Biscuits, baked in Carter's mills, 75 Bitters, 107, 210 Bladen, Ann, see Tasker, Ann (Bladen) Thomas, xxvii, 239 Bladensburg, Md., 5, 18, 240 Blain, Mr. (Scotch merchant), 29, 35, 51, 55, 116, 173, 174, 176, 179, 181, 199 at Nomini Hall, 63 store of, 119 "Blandfield," Essex County, Beverley home, ha-ha at, xx, 238 offices at, xxi Blewer, Capt., of the Sea Nymph, 107 Bloody Flux, 208-209 Boat races, xxxi at Hobb's Hole, 150, 154 Boats, 192 of Robert Carter, 144, 145 see also Boat races Books, xvii, 25, 26, 39, 54, 58, 70, 83, 91, 92, 100, 103, 111, 112, 121, 128, 135, 157, 188, 194, 243 as means of transmitting British culture, xvii at Carter's Williamsburg home, 119, 247 at Nomini Hall, 26, 119, 247 on architecture, xviii, xix, 237 on courtesy and conduct, xvii on farming, xviii on gardening, xviii, xix on history, xviii on law and legal procedure, xviii on medicine and surgery, xviii on military tactics, xviii on politics and statecraft, xviii on religion, xviii see also titles of catalogue in Appendix Booth, Miss, 67, 96 Billy, 32, 47, 243 William, 243 Boston, 72, 191, 192, 194, 245 political disturbances at, 59, 64, 110, 111, 113, 121 troops at, 115 Boucher, Jonathan, quoted, 245 Bowen, Dr., 104 Bowling greens, xx, xxix at Nomini Hall, 81 Boxing, 161 Boxwood, English, xx Boyd, Miss, 176 Mr., 100, 101 Mrs., 101, 102 James, 210 Sally, 106 family, 102 Bracken, Rev. John, quarrels with Henley, 65, 79, 245 Brandy, 75, 90, 114, 175, 208, 209 Carter distils, 54 Break the Pope's Neck (game), 34 Brewster, Mrs., 16, 104 Brick, walks of, xx Broadcloth, 69 Brocades, 57 Brockenborough (Brockenberry), Miss, 155, 248 William, 248 family, 248 Brooches, 69 "Brother Quill," schoolmaster, 176, 197 Brown, Mr., 102 Bryan, Andrew, 3, 53, 240 Buck, Mrs., 5 Buckner, Mr., 179, 248 John, 248 Richard, 248 family, 248 Buckskin (epithet), 183 Buff-ball, 19 Bull Run, Carter tracts at, 79 Bullock, Polly, 99 Burney, Mr., a cooper, 181 Dr. Charles, 152 Burwell, Nathaniel, views on education of son, xvii, 237 "Bushfield," Westmoreland County, Washington home, xxxi, 41, 120, 126, 136, 145, 179, 200, 206, 244 dancing school at, 66, 111, 126 description of, 67 Bushtown, Md., 18 Button (game), 34 Byrd, Susan, educated in England, xviii William II, educated in England, xviii Calico gowns, 125 Calmet's Scripture Prints, 83 Cambridge University, 242 Ben Carter plans to enter, 26 Caius College, xviii Virginians at, xviii, xix Camel, see Campbell Campbell, Mr., Controller of Customs, 67, 76 Miss, 76, 84 Pinkstone, 76 Canals, 75 Canoes, 75, 192 Caps, 125 Cards, 29, 57, 65, 72, 104, 108, 161, 163, 247 Carpenters, 202 Carpenter's shops, 37 Carr, Mr., 51 Carriages, 47, 157 Carter, Anne Tasker (Nancy), xxx, 20, 25, 27, 28, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 55, 56, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 75, 86, 90, 110, 111, 115, 122, 125, 128, 132, 133, 142, 146, 156, 184, 189, 190, 215, 241 attends dancing school, 25 cuts off eyebrows, 128 description of, 49 letter to, 215 plays guitar, 28, 132 quarrels with Bob, 49 Benjamin, xxx, 19, 22, 28, 29, 32, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 125, 128, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 138, 142, 143, 144, 147, 148, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 169, 171, 172, 175, 177, 179, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 194, 198, 199, 201, 202, 206, 207, 217, 241 at Mount Airy, 151 character and traits of, 48, 70, 77-78, 190 illness of, 121, 122, 181, 182, 217 passion for horses, 70, 190 plans to enter Cambridge University, 26 plays flute, 65, 71 visits other colonies, 214 Betsy, of "Sabine Hall," 136, 157 Betty Landon (Betsy), xxx, 42, 50, 76, 110, 134, 135, 184, 189, 202, 206, 215 description of, 49 "Bob," see Robert Bladen Carter Charles, xxvi Elizabeth (sister of Robert Carter III), xxvi Frances (Fanny) xxx, 42, 49, 50, 51, 63, 65, 76, 79, 90, 110, 115, 132, 135, 146, 147, 150, 152, 184, 189, 193, 206, 215 description of, 49 suffers from bite of ticks, 158, 169, 181 Frances Anne (Tasker), wife of Robert Carter III, xxvii, 27, 32, 33, 34, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 48, 54, 56, 58, 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 83, 84, 87, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 110, 111, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 132, 133, 137, 138, 141, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, 157, 158, 162, 178, 179, 181, 182, 183, 186, 189, 193, 194, 195, 200, 202, 204, 207, 217 buried at Nomini Hall, 61, 245 character and traits of, xxvii, 32, 33, 40, 48, 71, 194, 207 description of, 40 discusses her children, 116 expresses preference for simple burial, 61 Fithian admires, 71, 150, 207 good management of children, 64, 116 imports plate, 189 teases Fithian, 205 thunder and lightning frighten, 79, 123 views on slavery, 92 wide reading and knowledge of, 66 George, xxvi Harriot Lucy, xxx, 82, 83, 110, 119, 133, 134, 138, 146, 193, 202, 206, 246 description of, 49 marries John James Maund, 246 pranks of, 193 schooner named for, 29, 243 tastes mercury, 54 John Tasker ("Tasker"), xxx, 133, 135, 215 Judith, see Beale, Judith (Carter) Landon, xviii, 237, 245 diary of, cited, 237 supports free school, 248 Lucy, of "Sabine Hall," 136 "Nancy," see Anne Tasker Carter Polly, of "Sabine Hall," 157 Priscilla, xxx, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 55, 56, 60, 62, 63, 65, 74, 75, 83, 90, 92, 110, 115, 122, 128, 133, 135, 136, 138, 147, 149, 150, 169, 176, 184, 189, 202, 206, 242 description of, 48 Fithian composes valentine for, 58, 230-233, 245 learns music, 22, 26 letter to, 214-215 tutor offends, 66 Robert ("King"), xv, xviii, xxvi Robert II, xxvi grave of, 61 Robert, III, "Councillor," of "Nomini Hall," 3, 5, 6, 24, 26, 29, 30, 32, 33, 37, 40, 42, 47, 48, 51, 53, 55, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 79, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 106, 110, 111, 112, 116, 117, 118, 126, 127, 129, 132, 135, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 150, 152, 156, 157, 158, 162, 165, 171, 172, 177, 179, 181, 182, 184, 190, 191, 194, 196, 246 buried at Baltimore, 245 character and traits of, xxvi, xxvii, 48, 70, 140 compares value of Virginia and Maryland currency, 74 descendants own Nomini Hall, 246 early life and education, xxvi-xxvii economic activities of, xvii-xxviii, 63, 68, 79, 117, 144 expresses preference for simple burial, 61 expresses wish for sudden death, 182 lands owned by, 79 letter to, 217 marries Frances Anne Tasker, xxvii member of Governor's Council and General Court, xxix, 26 mills of, see mills musical interests of, xxx, 30, 42, 48, 51, 69, 111, 181 plans disposition of estate, 83, 182 political attitude of, 111 portrait of, xxvii reading of, xxix, 53 registers at Inner Temple, xxvi scientific interests of, xxix, 190, 191, 196 serves as vestryman and warden, xxix strong discipline of, 26, 64, 156 studious habits of, 26 visits England, xxvi Robert Bladen (Bob), xxx, 20, 38, 40, 42, 43, 49, 54, 55, 56, 58, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77, 78, 82, 83, 85, 86, 88, 110, 111, 116, 119, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127, 133, 134, 142, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 156, 169, 177, 181, 184, 186, 199, 201, 202, 204, 241 admires Miss Tayloe, 121 attends dancing school, 25 character and traits of, 48, 49-50, 55, 64, 70, 72, 78, 110, 116, 127, 186 description of, 48 inscribes names in books, 135-136 letters to, 201, 216 plays prank on father, 177 reflections on Phillis Wheatley, 72 wishes to learn Latin, 77 Robert Wormeley, of "Sabine Hall," 244, 248 "Tasker," see John Tasker Carter family, 64, 89, 90 ancestry and heritage of, xxv-xxvii attends Nomini Church often, 31 Fithian characterizes, 21 pranks of children, 177, 189 servants treated courteously by, 26 social and economic position of, xxv-xxx, 21 strong discipline in, 26, 64 studies of children, 20, 26 "Carter's Grove," James City County, Burwell home, xvii, xxii Carving, in decoration of homes, xxii Castiglione, The Courtier, xviii Catalpa trees, 61 Catechism, Carter children repeat, 76 Cateness, Miss, 8 Catesby, Mark, 244 Cattle, 144 Cedar Point, Md., 247 Chairs, riding, xxiv, 33, 94, 110, 149 Chandeliers, 239 "Chantilly," Westmoreland County, Lee home, xxxi, 29, 125, 169, 202, 243, 247, 248 dancing school at, 202 Chariots, 33, 34, 37, 41, 42, 47, 87, 125, 157, 172 Charles City County, 248 Chatham, Lord, see Pitt, William Checks (game), 189, 216 Cheese, 90 Cheeseman, Mrs., 106 "Chelsea," King William County, Moore home, xxii Chelton, Capt., 19, 57, 145, 241 see also Chilton Cherries, 90, 110, 118 Chesapeake Bay, 97 Chesterfield, Lord, Letters to His Son, 194 Chestertown, Md., 98 Chester River, 210 Chilton family, 241 Chinches, 109, 135, 138 Chintzes, 124, 130, 215 Chocolate, 55 Choirs, 195 Christenings, 35, 168, 195 Christian, Francis, dancing master, xxx, 19, 32, 33, 34, 66, 123, 124, 125, 178, 241 strict discipline of, 34 Mrs. Francis, 178 Frank, pupil of John Lowe, 150, 206 Christmas, entertainment and good fellowship at, 33-34, 39-40 firing of powder at, 39, 244 see also Christmas boxes Christmas boxes, 40, 54 Cider, 57, 90 Clerks, xxix, 38, 177 see also Francks, Dr.; Randolph, Mr. Cliosophic Society, 240 Clothing, women's, 57 see also Aprons, Broadcloth, Brocades, Calico gowns, Caps, Chintzes, Fashions, Hats, Headdress, Gauze, Laces, Quilts, Silks, Stays, Stockings, Stocks Coaches, xxix, 152, 189, 190 Coachmen, 55, 84-85, 134 Coach-houses, 81 Coats-of-arms, 116 Cocke, Elizabeth, see Jones, Elizabeth (Cocke) Cock-fighting, 91, 96, 121, 162, 168, 190 Coffee, 32, 110, 114, 117, 122, 126, 127, 133, 142, 144, 146, 150, 156, 171, 179, 181, 189, 193, 194, 200 Coffee House, Annapolis, Md., 97, 209 Cohansey (Cohansie), N. J., 4, 14, 36, 90, 98, 100, 101, 105, 106, 114, 115, 139, 143, 174, 176, 198, 201, 206, 239, 247 Colchester, Va., 18, 240 College of New Jersey, see Princeton University College of Philadelphia, 27, 237, 248 College of William and Mary, 49, 242, 244, 248 Bob Carter at, 49 conditions at, 64-65 Combs, 206 Comedians, 98, 247 Comfrey roots, 32 Consumption, 181 Continental Congress, 169, 174, 176, 194, 195, 199 Cook, Mr., 107 family, 173 Coopers, 149, 181 Cople Parish, see Anglican Church Corbin, Betty Tayloe, see Turberville, Betty Tayloe (Corbin) Gawin, 188, 242, 248 Jane (Jennie), 23, 25, 28, 31, 33, 37, 51, 56, 67, 87, 88, 93, 94, 125, 136, 188, 192, 198, 200, 242 Richard, 95, 247 family, 247 Cordials, 97 Corn, 75, 88, 94, 110, 129, 133, 142, 144, 146, 150, 152 Cornices, xxii "Corotoman," Lancaster County, Carter home, xxvi Corvin, Mr., 95, 247 Cotton, 185 Counterpanes, 42 Counting-rooms, xxi Country dances, 33, 34, 57, 123, 125, 243 Courtyards, xxi, 238 Cowslips, 78 Cox, Mr., 37, 122 Crabs, 110, 141, 171, 185, 186 Craftsmen, skilled, on Carter's estate, xxix "Crandall," Richmond County, Fauntleroy home, 19, 241 Cunningham, Mr., merchant, 23, 29, 37, 54, 56, 59, 90, 91, 110, 137, 242 dines at Nomini Hall, 23, 75, 242 Miss, 173 Currency, of Philadelphia, not accepted, 54 of Virginia and Maryland, value compared, 74, 75 Cursing, 190 see also Swearing Custis, Jacky, xvii Custom mills, 246 Dairies, xxi, 81, 240 Damon, James, 210 Dancing, xvii, xxx, xxxi, 33, 57, 58, 120, 125, 161, 163 Anabaptists oppose, 72 of slaves, 62 Virginians addicted to, 177 see also Assemblies, Balls, Country dances, Dancing masters, Dancing schools, Gavottes, Jigs, Minuets, Reels Dancing masters, xix, xxiii, xxxi, 19, 33-34 see also Christian, Francis Dancing schools, 19, 21, 25, 168, 242 at Bushfield, 66, 111, 245 at Chantilly, 202, 248 at Nomini Hall, 32-34, 87, 88, 123-125, 178 at Stratford Hall, 50, 142, 190, 191 Debow, John, 3, 240 Deerfield, New Jersey, 6, 10, 15, 27, 100, 102, 103, 104, 240 Fithian studies at, 9, 240 Delaware River, 112 Dennis, (servant boy), 40, 51, 56, 135, 157, 182, 208 Dennis, Capt., of the Peggy, 110, 111 Samuel, 16 Diabetes, 149 Diaries, xxiii of Jonathan Boucher, 245 of Landon Carter, 245 of Robert Wormeley Carter, 245 Dice, 29 Digges (Diggs), Edward, of "Bellfield," 248 Mr., 97 family, 247 Dobby, Capt., of the Susannah, 122, 150, 152, 153 Doctors, 39, 51, 67, 68, 69, 86, 88, 122, 156, 157, 205, 243, 244, 246 Donaldson, Mr., 107 Donnald, Nathaniel, Jr., 175 letter to, 173-174 Dotterell (horse), 52, 244 Dovecots, xx Drinking and Drunkenness, 65, 70, 153, 172, 200, 241 see also Bitters, Brandy, Cider, Cordials, Grogg, Porter, Punch, Toddy, Wine Ducks, 76 Duffield, John, 179, 248 Dulaney, Daniel, 239 Dumfries, Va., 56, 69, 79, 196 as shipping center, 18, 240 Dunlap, John, 122, 247 Dunmore, John Murray, Earl of, 110, 187, 245 Charlotte Murray, Lady, 63, 65, 79, 245 Durham, Bishop of, 241 Dysentery, xxxii, 137-138, 171 Earrings, 130 Earthquakes, 69 East India College, Hertford, England, 245 East India Company, 169 Eclipse (horse), 244 Eclipses, 117 Edmundson, Dolly, 154 Dorothy, 248 Thomas, 248 family, 248 Education, based on English traditions, xvi free school in Richmond County, 248 planters provide for in wills, xix practical and polite subjects prescribed, xvii Virginians at English and Scotch schools and universities, xviii, xix Virginians at Inns of Court, xix, xxvi William and Mary College, see College of William and Mary worth assessed, 161 see also Books, Dancing masters, Governesses, Music masters, Offices, Schoolmasters, Tutors Edwards, Miss, 136 Thomas, 193, 194 Egg and dart, decorative motif, xxii Eggs, 140, 151 Electricity, lectures on, 98, 247 "Eliza," see Beatty, Elizabeth Elmer, Dr., 69, 101 Elmore, Betsy, 9 Elsenborough, N. J., 99 "Elsing Green," King William County, Dandridge home, xxii England, 95, 172 education of Virginians in, xviii-xix, xxvi-xxvii, 242 endeavors to develop resources of Virginia, xiii Parliament of, 110, 113, 131 royal family, toasts to, 59, 64, 128-129, 138 Tidewater Virginia maintains close contact with, xiii tutors and governesses from, xix, 89, 90, 112 Virginia aristocracy modeled on gentry of, xvi English language, 94 "Epping Forest," Lancaster County, Ball home, xxii Eruptive fever, 138 Essex County, 243, 247, 248 Evans, Israel, 106, 247 Ewing, Mr., 17, 101, 107, 174 Miss, 6 Amy, 103-104 Matty, 101 Sally, 101 Factories, textile, xvi, xviii see also Mills Factors, xvi Fairfax County, 240 Fairfax family, xxvi Falling gardens, xx, 237 at Sabine Hall, 237 Fans, 130 Farming, see Agriculture Fashions, discussions of, 29, 90, 93, 168 Fasts, political, 110, 111 Carter family does not observe, 111 Fauntleroy (Fantilroy), Mr., 25, 28, 63, 68, 73 Mrs., 73 Aphia, 136, 154, 241 Elizabeth, 156 Henry (Harry), 207, 241 Juliet, 241 Mary, see Giberne, Mary (Fauntleroy Beale) Dr. Moore, 45, 241, 244 pronunciation of name, 241 Samuel, 241 Samuel Griffin, 62, 245 William, 244 family, 33, 79, 88, 241, 243 homes of, 241 Fauquier County, 241 Felton's Gavott, 75, 245 Fences, 74 Fencing, xvii Fenning, Arithmetic, 25 Ferguson, Andrew, 107 Fiddles, 161 slaves play, 62 Figs, 178 Fish, 75, 76, 90, 132, 141, 145, 171, 185, 186 Fish feasts, xxxi, 147, 150, 156, 162, 168, 172, 177, 183 Fisher, Mr., 195, 242 Fishermen, 145 Fisher and Cunningham (merchants), 23, 242 Fishing, 75 Fithian, Amos, 100, 103 "Aunt," 98, 100 Elizabeth (Beatty), see Beatty, Elizabeth Enoch, copies manuscripts of brother, xxxi Joel, marries widow of Philip Fithian, 17, 240 Philip Vickers, xxvii, xxxi-xxxii, 3-7, 9-11, 15, 16, 22, 24, 26, 27, 32, 37, 55-56, 57, 67-68, 70, 71, 78, 85, 93, 96-97, 100, 107, 114-115, 118, 126, 131, 134, 140, 141, 144, 145, 147, 149, 151, 158, 170, 171, 177-178, 180, 184, 210, 241 accepts position as tutor, xxiv, 6-7 admiration and affection for Carter family, xxxii, 111, 207, 214-217 advises Peck on conduct as tutor, 159-168 attends balls, 56-57, 154-155 attends races, 24-25, 150-151, 154 Carter approves teaching of, 93 catalogues library at Nomini Hall, 119 Col. Lee offends, 52 completes Latin thesis, 158 contrasts Virginia with New Jersey, 60-61, 100, 159-163, 167-168 corresponds with "Belinda," 170 death of parents, 239 declines additional pupils, 25 despondency of, 108, 109, 114-115, 127, 171 early life and education of, xxv, xxxii, 159, 205, 239 enters Presbyterian ministry, xxxii George Lee offends, 57, 244 hesitation over going to Virginia, 7, 9-10, 16, 46-47 illness and death of, xxxii later career of, xxxii letters from, to Elizabeth Beatty, 8-9, 10-11, 12-13, 35-36, 53, 115-116, 139-140, 179-180, 210-212, 212-214 to Benjamin Carter, 198-199 to Nancy Carter, 215-216 to Priscilla Carter, 214-215 to Robert Carter III, 217 to Robert Bladen Carter, 201-202, 216 to Nathaniel Donnald, 173-174 to Samuel Fithian, 117 to Rev. Enoch Green, 21, 26-27 to Andrew Hunter, Jr., 4-5 to Andrew Hunter, Sr., 113 to George Lee, 151 to John Lowe, 126, 207-208 to John McCalla, 175-176 to John Peck, 143, 159-168 to Larkin Randall, 197-198 to Mrs. Charlotte Thornton, 201 to Paletiah Webster, 172-173 to Ruth Webster, 174-175 to Harry Willis, 201-202 to Dr. John Witherspoon, 9-10 letters to, from, Andrew Hunter, Jr., 3-4, 11-12 from William R. Smith, 14-15 makes sketches of Nomini Hall, 148 manuscripts long unpublished, xxxi marries Elizabeth Beatty, xxxii poem by, 24 premonition of death, 171 Presbyterian training of, xxv regrets inability to dance, 33, 43 regular habits of, 155 retirement agreeable to, 72, 129 returns to New Jersey, 208 reviews his life, 45-47 salary and perquisites as tutor, 6, 31-32, 200 tolerant attitude of, xxv travels as missionary, xxxii urged to marry in Virginia, 131 views on slavery, 38, 84-85, 92, 132, 187 visits and dines at other plantations, 67, 69, 75, 88, 89, 156 warned of immorality in Virginia, 46-47 Samuel, 240 letter to, 117, 118 Seeley, 100 Tempy, 107 "Uncle," 117 Fitzhugh, William, xv, xvii Flats, 75 Flax, 88, 152 Flood, Alice, see Jones, Alice (Flood) Dr. William, physician and turfman, 24, 95, 242, 244 Flour, 75, 144, 246 Flowers, artificial, 124, 130 see also Gardens Flutes, 49, 68, 82, 202, 207 see also German flutes Flux, 129, 158 see also Bloody flux Fodder, 81, 112, 114 Foot races, 59 Ford, Mrs., 65 Miss, 155 Forfeits, 88, 201 Forte pianos, 22, 26, 30, 41, 55, 66, 69 Foundries, xvi Fountain Inn, Baltimore, Md., 53 Foxes, 141 Fox hunts, 34 Francks, Dr. Henry, 43, 67, 244 Frederick, Md., 98, 247 Frederick County, 147 Fredericksburg, 35, 69 academy at, 244 races at, 203 Free schools, in Richmond County, 248 French horns, 57 French language, 90 Frets, in decoration of homes, xxii Fried chicken, 208 Friezes, in planters' homes, xxii Frontiers, Indian disturbances on, 187 Funeral hymns, 132, 133 Gage, Governor Thomas, of Massachusetts, 191 Galloway, Nancy, 96 Gambling, 241 see also Betting, Gaming Games, at Nomini Hall, 34 see also All Fours, Billiards, Button, Break the Pope's Neck, Cards, Checks, Seven-Up Gaming, 29, 200 Anabaptists oppose, 72 Garden houses, xx Gardners, xx, 44, 63 Gardening, handbooks on, xix see also titles of catalogue in Appendix Gardens, xix-xx, 106, 110, 112 at Bushfield, 67 at Lee Hall, 175 at Mount Airy, 95 at Nomini Hall, 43-44, 63, 78-79, 83 see also Falling gardens, Gardeners, Garden houses Gargles, 64 Garrot, Miss, 156 Gaskins, Betsy, 136 Colonel Thomas, 248 family, 248 Gauze, 124, 215 Gavottes, 75, 246 Gentleman's Magazine, 70, 71 Geography, 194 Georgetown, Md., 18, 98, 108, 240 German flutes, 30 Giberne (Gibbern), Rev. Isaac William, 20, 28, 68, 111, 241, 248 attends ball at Lee Hall, 57 convivial habits of, 200, 241 marries widow of Charles Beale, 241 opposes Anabaptists, 72-73 sketch of, 241 Mary (Fauntleroy Beale), 57, 241 Gibson, John, 16 Gift (horse), 95 Gloucester County, 248 "Golden Age," in Tidewater Virginia, xiii Good Friday, 88 Goodlet, Mr., schoolmaster, 62, 63 barred out of school, 34, 243 Gooseberries, 110 Gordon, Mr., 25, 243 George, C., 243 Gouging, 63, 183 Governesses, 156 from England, xix, 89, 90 Graham, Dr. (oculist), 188, 248 Grain, Virginia counties suited for, 114 Granaries, 82, 145, 189 Great houses, xx, 59 see also Manor houses Great Meadows, Carter tracts, at, 79 Greek language, 54, 106, 163, 190 Greek Testament, 101, 103, 128 Green, Rev. Enoch, 4, 25, 46, 100, 101, 102, 149, 159, 240 Fithian studies under, 240 letters to, 21, 26-27 Mary (Beatty), 4, 21, 27, 100, 105 Greenman, Thomas, 100, 102 Greens (vegetables), 90 Greenwich, N. J., 6, 9, 10, 18, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 134, 239 Gregory, Mr., gardener, 68, 74, 78, 245 Griggs, (Grigg), Capt., 52, 76, 243 visits Nomini Hall, 31 Grimes, Miss, 6 Grist mills, 82, 246 Grog, 142 Grubb, Mr., 125, 128, 130, 157, 171, 172, 175, 177, 179 Guitars, 28, 30, 36, 51, 55, 71, 79, 132, 133, 216 Gusts (storms), 144 Guthrie, Capt., 138 Ha-has, xx, 238 Hale, see Heale Halkinson, Mrs., 209 Hamilton, Mr., merchant, 29, 195 accident of, 69 Hammond, Expositor of the New Testament, 111 Handkerchiefs, 29, 168 Hanover County, 244 Harmonicas, 30, 181, 243 Robert Carter plays on, 37, 158 Harness, 189 Harpsichords, xxii, 123, 124, 157 at Hobb's Hole, 156 at Mount Airy, 95, 152 at Nomini Hall, 26, 36, 111, 121 Harriot (ship), 149 Harrison, Col., of Maryland, 59 Col., of Virginia, 195 Benjamin, of "Berkeley," 248 Hartshorn, spirits of, 32 Hats, gold-laced, 69 Hay, 81 Headdress, 90, 125 Heale, George, 246 Priscilla, 88, 123-125, 178, 246 family, 246 name pronounced Hale, 88, 246 Heith, Mr., 5 Henley, Rev. Samuel, quarrels with Bracken, 65, 79, 245 Henry, History of Great Britain, 188 "Hickory Hill," Westmoreland County, Turberville home, xxxi, 23, 42, 45, 53, 89, 90, 118, 121, 129, 130, 136, 177-178, 192, 194, 206, 207, 242 dancing school at, 75 fish feasts at, 147 Fithian dines at, 47, 89-90, 192 Highways, gates on, 97 water routes as, xxiii Hobb's Hole (Tappahannock), 27, 40, 79, 95, 131, 152, 243 ball at, 154-155 boat races at, 150, 153-154 description of, 152-153 post office at, 118 trade and shipping at, 152-153, 154, 243 Hodge, Mr., merchant, 196, 198 Hoe-cakes, 55 Holidays, 43, 65, 88, 91, 92 Hollingshead, Mr., 5, 103, 176 Mrs., 176 Sally, 62, 75 family, 106 Holmes, Benjamin, 13, 14 John, 13 Homer, 130 Honey, 194 Honey Suckle, 78 Horace, 190 Horn Point, 76, 77, 89 Horses, 32, 70, 115, 119, 167 conversations regarding, 95, 119, 177 distempers of, 129 passion of Carter boys for, 70, 190 see also Horse racing Horse racing, xxxi, 52, 121, 162, 168, 186, 187 at Fredericksburg, 203 at "Hickory Hill," 201-202 at Richmond Court House, 24-25, 242 Hoshel, Mr., 103, 105 Mrs., 16 Michael, 18 Hospitality, universal among Virginians, xxiii, 29, 43, 89-90, 238-239 Hostlers, 32, 70, 91 Housekeepers, see Nomini Hall House-warmings, 43 Howel, Mr., 105, 107 Dicky, 102 Richard, 6 Huckleberries, 128 Hunt, Mr., 97 Hunter, Rev. Andrew, Jr., 5, 6, 9, 14, 15, 17, 100, 105, 113, 149 letters from Fithian, 4-5 letters to Fithian, 3-4, 11-12 Rev. Andrew, Sr., 6, 14, 15, 17, 27, 46, 55, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 113, 115, 118, 149, 206, 240 letter from Fithian, 113 prepares Fithian for ministry, 239 Mrs. Andrew, 105, 113 Hurtleberries, 132 Hut, Mrs., 62 Hymns, 120, 247 see also Funeral hymns Imlay, William Eugene, 12, 15, 240 Indentured servants, xiv Indians, disturb frontiers, 187 "Infancy" (song), 71 Ink, 206 see also Printers' Ink Inner Temple, see Inns of Court Inns of Court, Virginians at, xix Robert Carter registers at Inner Temple, xxvi-xxvii Inspectors, 138, 141-142, 156, 195 Irishmen, as coopers, 149 Iron, xxviii, 79, 82, 144, 145 see also Baltimore Iron Works Irwin, Mr., 8, 15, 17 Isle of Wight County, 129 Jail fever, 68, 69 James' Powder, 133 James River, 172 Jennifer, Thomas, 206 Jennings, Mr., 29, 90 Jessamines, 147 John (table servant), 54, 142 as musician, 120 Jones, Alice (Flood), 69, 244 Betsy, 180 Elizabeth (Cocke), 244 Col. Thomas, 243, 244 Dr. Walter, 39, 68, 69, 122, 157, 243, 244 member of American Philosophical Society, 69 family, 63, 87, 244 Junius, Letters, 91, 92 Keith, Mr., 106 Kent Island, Md., 210, 248 King and Queen County, 247 "Kinsail," Westmoreland County, Flood home, 242 Kitchens, xxi, 81, 238 Knives, 70 Laces, 124, 215 Laidler, Mrs., ferry of, 109, 208 Lancaster County, 244, 245 Land, efforts to engross, xiv estates composed of numerous tracts, xv see also Agriculture, Tenancy Lane, Joseph, 35, 69, 75, 172, 200, 243 Mrs. Joseph, 56, 58, 172 Joseph F., of Loudoun County, 69-70, 72, 75, 83, 84, 245 "Laneville," King and Queen County, Corbin home, 247 Latin classics, 101, 163 Latin language, 72, 77, 78, 106 Latin thesis, Fithian completes, 158 "Laura," see Beatty, Elizabeth Law, books on, xviii Carter reads, 48 Virginians at Inns of Court, xix, xxvi-xxvii, 239 see also titles of catalogue in Appendix "Lawfield," Westmoreland County, Parker home, 248 Lawn, 215 Lawyers, 88, 137, 248 Scotchmen as, 47 Leake (Leek), John, 100 Nathan, 102 Samuel, Jr., 95, 102, 148, 200, 201, 247 Lebanon Hospital, 106 Lee, Mr., of Augusta County, 58 Alice, see Shippen, Alice (Lee) Arthur, 248 Betsy, 35, 125, 129-130, 131, 136, 158, 172, 177, 178, 243, 247 Col. Francis Lightfoot, of "Menokin," 59, 64, 93, 114, 202, 245, 248 George, 25, 38, 57, 90, 125, 130, 148, 150, 151, 244, 247 letter to, 151 George Fairfax, 57, 242, 244 Henry ("Light Horse Harry"), of "Leesylvania," 56, 57, 62, 240, 243, 244 at Princeton, 14, 240 John, of Essex County, 243, 247 Capt. John, 64 description of, 58 Judith (Wormeley), 247 Lancelot, 23, 29, 128, 130, 138, 148, 177, 194, 242 returns from England, 23 Matilda, 35, 243 Col. Philip Ludwell, of "Stratford Hall," 34, 51, 87, 145, 243, 244 Rebecca (Tayloe), wife of Col. Francis Lightfoot Lee, 64 "Squire" Richard, of "Lee Hall," 29, 53, 57, 90, 121, 128, 169, 175, 240, 243 at Nomini Hall, 29 "Squire" Richard, of Maryland, 96, 97, 243 Col. Richard Henry, of "Chantilly," 125, 194, 243, 247, 248 Robert E., 240 Thomas, of "Stratford Hall," 243, 245, 247 Thomas Ludwell, of "Bellevue," 19, 241 William, 248 family, 23, 28, 33, 34, 35, 51-52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 87, 96, 130-131, 178, 242, 243, 244, 247, 248 "Lee Hall," Westmoreland County, Home of Squire Richard Lee, 67, 84, 206, 242, 243, 244 ball at, 47, 53, 56-57, 58, 244 Leech, Mr., 196 Leeds, 63, 189, 196, 245 school at, 63 Leek, see Leake "Leesylvania," Prince William Countty, Lee home, 244 Lent, 141 Liberty Songs, 57 Libraries, in planters' homes, xvii-xviii, 6, 119 see also titles of catalogue in Appendix Lightning, see Thunder and lightning Linseed oil, 190 Liquors, 153, 155 Logic, 194 London, 89, 113, 128, 208, 211 newspapers from, 121 Lotteries, 13, 98 Loudoun County, 114 Lowe, John, 41, 90, 96, 106, 125, 126, 137, 142, 150, 178, 179, 200, 207, 208, 244 letters to, 126, 207-208 tutor at "Bushfield," 41, 244 Lowndes, Christopher, 239 Lyon, James, 101, 247 McCall, Miss, 155 McCalla, Mr., 106 John, Jr., 15, 106, 175, 240 letter to, 175-176 McConkey, Mr., 8 McCorkle, Samuel, 3, 240 Machodoc River, 143, 144, 145 Magazines, 89, 188 see also Gentleman's Magazine, Monthly Review, Universal Magazine Manor houses, activities about, xxiii-xxiv architecture of, xx-xxi description of interiors, xxi-xxii names of, xxii sites of, xxiii two entrances to, xxiii see also Great houses Manor plantations, xv, 237, 246 as centers of estates, xv as residences of proprietors, xv, 237 in Northern Neck, xxx-xxxi Manufactories, xvi on estate of Robert Carter, xxviii see also Mills Manure, 89 Marble, Sienna, xxi Marches, 57 Marcus Hook, N. J., 107 Marlborough, Md., 97, 109, 209, 247 "Marmion," King George County, Fitzhugh home, xxii "Mars Hill," Richmond County, Fauntleroy home, 241 Marshall, James, tutor, 48, 134, 247-248 Marshes, xiii Martha (servant), 54 Mashell, Daniel, 16 Masonic Order, 69 Mathematics, xvii see also Arithmetic; titles of catalogue in Appendix Mathews, Mr., steward, 86 Mattox Bridge, 96, 110, 247 Mattox Church, 96, 110 Maund, E., 246 John James, 246 see also Carter, Harriot Lucy Mead, 106 Meddleton, see Middleton Medicine, xviii see also titles of catalogue in Appendix Menzies, Mr., tutor, xviii Merchant Mills, 68, 75, 82, 246 Merchants, 23, 173, 174, 176, 242 at Dumfries, 196 at Hobb's Hole, 154, 248 at Leeds, 196 planters as, xxviii Scotchmen, as, 29, 90 see also Blain, Cunningham, Hamilton, Jennings Metastasio, 243-244 Middleton, Capt., 75, 76, 246 daughters of, 76 Middleton, Del., 108, 247 Militia, Carter as Colonel of, xxix Millar, Squire, 100 Mills, grain, xvi, xxviii, 246 of Robert Carter, 63, 74-75, 82, 88, 170-171, 189, 190, 194, 246 of John Turberville, 82 of J. A. Washington, 82 see also Baltimore Iron Works, Custom mills, Grist mills, Merchant mills, Toll mills Mills, Mrs., 100 David, 100 Milton, John, quoted, 78 Minerva, 130 Minuets, 33, 34, 52, 57, 123, 124, 125, 154 Mocking-birds, 76 Moll, Atlas, 157 Monday's Point, see Munday's Point Monkeys, 183 Monthly Review, 72 Morgan (overseer), 38 Dr. John, 95, 247 Morris, Robert, 246 "Mount Airy," Richmond County, Tayloe home, xxxi, 120, 136, 142, 151, 152, 204, 242, 245, 246, 248 compared to Nomini Hall, 94, 246 description of, 94-95, 246 Fithian visits, 94-95, 156 gardens at, 95 offices at, xxi "Mount Pleasant," Westmoreland County, Lee home, 23, 242, 247 fish feast at, 150 Mulberries, 130 Munro, Mr., 206 Music, xxxi at Lee Hall, 57 at Mount Airy, 152 at Nomini Hall, 30, 37, 42, 43, 47, 48, 62, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71, 75, 111, 119, 120, 122, 123-124, 125, 127, 132, 200, 243, 247 by slaves, 120 Carter invents device for testing instruments, 43 instruments owned by Carter, 30, 51 religious, 101, 124, 127, 132, 158, 247 vocal, 124, 127, 132 see also Anglican Church, Anthems, Balls, Dancing schools, Hymns, Music masters, Musical instruments, Musicians, Shakes, Singing masters, Songs, Sonatas Music masters, xix, 22, 28, 79, 120, 158, 187, 203, 204, 242 see also Stadley, Mr. Musical instruments, xxix, xxx see also Banjos, Fiddles, Flutes, Forte-pianos, French horns, Harmonicas, Harpsichords, Organs, Spinets, Violins Musicians, 120 Musk melons, 169 Mutton, 141 Nails, xxiv Nassau Hall, see Princeton University Nat (servant), 96, 146, 201 Navigation Acts, effects, of, on tobacco industry, xiv Neal, Mr., 77 Nectarines, 175 Nelson (servant), 78, 91, 96, 157, 185, 200, 208 New England Town, N. J., 102 "New grounds," see Agriculture New Jersey, contrasted with Virginia, 60-61, 100, 159-164, 167-168 Fithian returns to, 208-210 see also names of towns in Newington, Pa., 77, 127 New York, Lady Dunmore arrives at, 63, 245 Newspapers, 40, 131 irregular delivery of, 203 see also Pennsylvania Gazette, Pennsylvania Packet, Virginia Gazette Newton, Md., 108, 247 Nomini Church, Cople Parish, Westmoreland County, 20, 23, 29, 31, 144, 148, 172, 241 advertisement at door of, 29 Carter family attends often, 31 "Nomini Hall," Westmoreland County, Carter home, xxiv-xxv, xxvii, xxviii, xxix, xxxii area, the, at, 44, 81 ball at, 35 Carter family returns from Williamsburg to, xxix, 44 center of Carter estate, xxvii-xxviii clerks at, 38, 177 see also Francks, Dr. Henry; Randolph, Mr. compared to Mount Airy, 94 dancing school at, 32-34, 87-88, 123-125, 178-179 description of, xxix-xxx, 80-82, 110, 115-116 fire destroys great house, 246 Fithian arrives at, 19 gardeners at, 44, 63 gardens at, 67, 78-79, 81, 83, 112, 116, 118, 123, 125, 145, 150, 156, 178 graves at, 61, 245 guests at, passim housekeeper at, 55, 134, 185, 243 see also Stanhope, Sarah library catalogued, 119, 247 life at, described by Fithian, 31-32, 116 music at, see Music offices at, 80-82 orchards at, 90 owned by descendants of Robert Carter, 246 park planned for, 44 plans of residence, 59-60, 146, 181 poplar avenue at, 73, 81, 142 postillion at, 42, 70, 146 provisions consumed at, 75, 199 quarters of Fithian at, 81 school at, 20, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 70, 81, 111, 112, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 127, 128 sketches of, made by Fithian, 146, 148, 181 stables at, 59, 81, 86 storehouses at, 81 study of Robert Carter, 64, 80 terraces at, 81 wood fires at, 61, 73 Nomini River, 67, 68, 77, 80, 90, 125, 143, 145, 152, 192, 206 mills on, 81-82 Norfolk, 138, 145 North, Lord Frederick, burnt in effigy in Richmond County, 122 Northern Neck, xxv, xxx-xxxi, 21, 241, 242, 245 Fithian describes life in, 21 gay and hospitable society in, xxx-xxxi Presbyterian Church in, 73, 245 Northumberland County, 201, 243, 245, 246, 248 Norton, John, 237 Nurses, 131 see also Mrs. Oakley see also Wet nurses Oakley, Mrs., nurse, xxx, 131, 133, 135, 137, 141, 142, 146 Oaks, 144 Oats, 97 Occoquan River, 240 Oculists, 248 Offices (subsidiary buildings about great house), xx-xxi, 238 as counting-rooms, xxi as foils for great house, xxi, 80-81, 238 as kitchens, xxi, 59, 81, 95, 238 as schoolrooms, xix, xxi, 59, 81 as sleeping quarters, xxi at Mount Airy, 95 at Nomini Hall, xxix-xxx, 79-81 at "Rosegill," xxi Ogle, Samuel, 239 Ohio River, settlements on, 58 Old Sarum, England, xxvii Onions, 190 Orange County, 248 Orangeries, xx Orchards, xx Ordinaries, meaning of term in Virginia, 177 see also Taverns Organs, xxx, 30, 37, 51 Ovens, 75 Overseers, xvi, xxiii, xxix, 37, 38, 50, 86, 129, 146, 185 cruelty to slaves, 85, 129 Oxen, 61, 73 Oxford University, Virginians at, xix Oysters, 29 Oyster shells, walks of, xx, 81 Page, John, Jr., 237 Paintings, xxii, 94-95 Pamphlets, 119 Paneling, in plantation houses, xxi-xxii Panton, Sally, governess, 89, 91, 93, 110, 136, 177, 246 description of, 90 Paris net, 215 Parker, Mr., 181 Richard, 248 Parks, xx, 44 Parks, Tom, 134 William, 245 Parliament, see England Parterres, xx Patapsco River, 18, 240 Patterson, Mr., 12, 15, 17, 103, 104 Patuxent Ferry, Md., 97, 209, 247 Patuxent River, 109, 247 Peachem, Henry, The Compleat Gentleman, xvii "Peach Hill," Lancaster County, Heale home, 246 Peaches, 90, 113, 114, 175, 177, 194 Peas, 78, 96 Peck, Mrs., 6, 16, 100, 104, 240 Abby, 16 Ben, 104 John, 16, 18, 25, 102, 105, 107, 118, 128, 146, 149, 150, 169, 171, 177, 179, 202, 203, 205, 206-207, 208, 215, 216, 217, 240 arrives in Virginia, 206 letters to, 112, 143, 159-168 marries Nancy Carter, 240 Rachel, 100 Peggy (ship), 110 Penknives, 119 Pennington, Sir John, 244 Penn's Neck, N. J., 18 Pennsylvania, 83 Fithian visits as missionary, xxxii see also names of towns in Pennsylvania Gazette, 40, 69 Pennsylvania Packet, 247 Persimmons, 54, 73-74, 86 Peruvian bark, 17, 64 Pettit, Lydia, 136, 179 Philadelphia, 11, 59, 70, 75, 77, 78, 94, 106, 125, 126, 138, 169, 179, 201, 211, 217, 247, 248 Virginians at, 174-176, 180, 194-195 Philosophy, Carter reads, 53, 117 see also titles of catalogue in Appendix Pictet, Benjamin, Theologia Christiana, Fithian studies, passim Piedmont Virginia, Presbyterian Church in, 73, 245 Tidewater plantation economy spreads to, 238 Pierce, Miss, 67, 200 Pilasters, xxii Pines, 76, 89, 144 Piscataway, Md., 97, 109, 209, 247 Pitt, William, 91 Plantations, of Robert Carter III, xxviii names of, xxviii separated by wooded tracts, xxiii, 238 size of, xiv-xv typical activity on, xxiii-xxiv see also Manor houses, Manor plantations Planters, aristocratic ideals of, xvi correspondence with merchants overseas, xvi, xxii desire polite accomplishments for sons, xvi-xvii dominate social and political life, xv education of children of, see Education extravagance and debts of, 27 homes modeled on residences of English gentry, xix hospitality of, xxiii, 29, 43, 90, 238-239 libraries of, xvii-xviii not absentee landlords, xvi varied economic functions of, xvi, xxviii-xxix Plater, Gov. George, of Maryland, 246 Plato, 91 Pleurisy, 75 Plows, xxiv, 88-89 Plums, 90 Poetry, 24, 72,73 Carter comment on, 71 Pokeberries, 206 Politics, see American Revolution, Planters Pomegranates, 194 Pope's Homer, 39, 112 Porpoises, 135 Porter, 57, 77, 90, 138, 141, 208 Port Penn, Del., 98, 99, 107, 108, 210 Port Tobacco, Md., 97, 109, 206, 247 Porticos, at Nomini Hall, 80 Postal system, 25, 27, 40, 77, 150, 215 Postillions, 42, 70, 141, 146 Potatoes, 96, 140, 193 Potomac River, 22, 41, 55, 76, 77, 89, 90, 109, 114, 128, 143, 144, 145, 171, 172, 206, 240, 242, 243, 245 Potter, Mr., 100, 103 Powder (gun), 147 Powder (hair), 135 Pratt, Debby, 102, 103, 106, 107, 176 Presbyterian Church, 61, 90, 97, 105, 126, 246 Fithian qualifies for ministry of, xxxii, 22, 96, 101, 102, 106, 242 Fithian serves as missionary in, xxxii in Northern Neck, 73, 245 in Piedmont Virginia, 245 in Valley of Virginia, 245 opposition to ministers of, 73, 245 salaries of clergy of, 200 Present State of Music in Germany, 152 Prickly pears, 123 Primers, 119 Primogeniture, custom of, xxvi Prince (slave), 132 Princeton, N. J., 6, 12, 14, 69, 209, 217, 247 see also Princeton University Princeton Historical Association, xxxii Princeton University (Nassau Hall), 3, 13, 14, 27, 87, 105, 127, 143, 163, 170, 192-193, 239, 240, 247, 248 commencement at, 12-13, 14, 192-193 tutors from, xix, 237 see also Princeton, N. J., Witherspoon, Dr. John Printers' ink, 190 Printing presses, 248 Prisons, 187 Profanity, 76 see also Swearing Psalm tunes, 127, 247 Puddings, 90 Pumpkins, 193 Punch, 57, 142, 157 Purchase, Capt., 154, 156 Putrid fever, 98, 99 Putrid quinsy, 64, 202 Quarters, on plantations, 178, 244 Queen Anne County, Md., 112 Queenstown, Md., 210, 248 Quilts, 124 cotton diaper, 125 silk, 131 Races, in Maryland, 108, 210 see also Horse-racing, Boat races, Foot races Ramsey, Mrs., 101 James, 100 John, 100 Randall, Mr., 188 Larkin, letter to, 197-198 see also Randolph, Mr. Randolph, Mr. (clerk and steward), xxx, 38, 41, 54, 55, 65, 73, 74, 75, 78, 81, 91, 111, 119, 133, 156, 169, 177, 181 Col. T. M., of "Tuckahoe," hospitality of, 239 Ranney, Stephen, 16, 100, 105 Rappahannock River, 40, 95, 146, 150, 153, 188, 241 Rattle-snakes, 185, 186 Reed, Coley, 188 Reels, 57, 123, 125 Reese, Oliver, 3, 75, 240, 246 Reeve, Mrs., 206, 210 Stephen, 105, 108, 247 Religion, see Anglican Church, Baptist Church, Presbyterian Church, Slaves Sabbath, the observance of in Virginia, 72-73, 137, 167 Anabaptists oppose diversions on, 72-73 slaves work on, 202-203 "Sabine Hall," Richmond County, Carter home, 136 entertainment at, 171-172 falling gardens at, 237-238 Saddle-bags, 19 Sailors, 69, 77 Sallust, 20, 28, 37, 128 Salt, 129 Saltpeter, 171 Salt works, xxviii Sam (barber), 54, 91, 158, 199 Sanford, Miss, 67 Mr., 54 Sashes, 206 Savins, 74, 76, 89, 144, 178 Schoolmasters, 63, 176 Scotchmen as, 25 take orders in Anglican Church, 25, 243 Schoolrooms, xxi, 31, 34, 59 tutor barred out, 34 Schooners, 67, 145, 153 owned by Carter, 67, 77 Scotchmen, 179 as lawyers, 47 as merchants and shopkeepers, 29, 109, 242 as schoolmasters and tutors xix, 29, 90, 94 Scotch universities, Virginians at, 243, 244, 246 Scotland, 90, 126 Scott, Capt., 77 Sea Nymph (ship), 107 Sedans, xxiii Seeley, Mr., 101 "Uncle," 173, 210 Ephraim, 149 Ephraim, Jr., 102 Serpentine drives, xx Seven-Up (game), 247 Shakes, 132 Sheep, 144, 178 Shenandoah Valley, 245 Shippen, Alice (Lee), 248 Dr. William, 179, 248 Ships, xxiii, 77, 154, 189 Planters own, xvi, xxviii refused cargoes of tobacco, 113 Shoemakers, 96 Shopkeepers, Scotchmen as, 242 Shrove Tuesday, 65 Silks, 57 Silver, xxii Mrs. Carter imports, 189 Silversmiths, 105 Simpson, Mr., 84, 87, 128 Singing masters, 195 Skating, 54-55, 56 Slavery, Fithian expresses views on, 38-39, 84-85, 92, 132, 187 Mrs. Carter discusses, 92 sermon on, 192 see also Slaves Slaves, 74, 94, 133, 137, 140, 154, 167, 172, 184-185 accompany Carter family to church, 110 allowed plots for cultivation, 96 cruelty to, 38-39, 84-85 dancing of, 62 education of, 182-183 grief felt by, 184 holidays for, 91, 92 illness among, 68, 182 of Robert Carter, xxviii, 79, 132 rations of, 38 religion of, 151-152 Sabbath observance by, 202-203 testimony not accepted in courts, 192 value considered, 92, 132 Sloes, 194 Sloops, xxiii Smallpox, xix Smallswords, 161 Smith, John Augustine, 242 Philip, 83 Rev. Thomas, 22, 23, 42, 51, 56-57, 63, 67, 83, 88, 89, 110, 126, 137, 145, 172, 192, 200, 242 Mrs. Thomas, 42, 51, 57, 67, 88, 179 William R., 8, 13, 15, 17, 240 letter to Fithian, 14-15 Smith family (outlaws), 86, 87, 190 Smithies, xxiv, xxviii Smoke-houses, xxi Snuffboxes, 206 Social life, aristocratic ideals of, xvi at Nomini Hall, described by Fithian, 31-32 characteristic dress of women, 29 chariots kept by well-to-do planters 29 customs and manners compared with those of New Jersey, 100, 159-163, 167-168 erroneous impressions concerning, 46-47 formality in, 90 haughtiness common in, 178 modeled on that of English gentry, xvi politeness and hospitality, 29, 43, 90 recent changes in, 27 see also Amusements, Religion Socrates, 115 Sofas, 239 Soil, depletion of, see Agriculture Solar system, 117 Sonatas, 68, 75, 82 Songs, 37, 71, 132, 243-244 see also Liberty songs Sons of America, 57 Sons of Liberty, 59 Sorrel, Mr., 186, 187, 191, 248 Thomas, 248 Spelling-books, 20 Spinets, xxii, 123, 125 Sports, xxiii Spotted fever, 98 Stables, 59, 81, 86 Stadley, Mr., music master, xxx, 22, 28, 79, 82, 120, 121, 138, 141, 142, 158, 169, 187, 203, 204, 242 Stafford County, 241 Stafford Court House, Va., 19, 58, 241 Stairways, xxii, xxiii Stanhope, Sarah (Sally), 55, 67, 68, 83, 110, 116, 185, 189, 208, 244 Statues, marble, 95 Stays, 90, 131 Steerman, Miss, 136 Steptoe, Dr. George, 88, 110, 195, 246 Stethern, Hugh, 6 Steward, Mr., 99 Stewards, xvi, xxiii, xxix, 38, 86 Stewart, Anthony, 209 Stills, 54 Stockings, 69, 150, 156 Stocks, 216 Stockton, Julia, 157 Rachel, 98, 247 Stone, Aquia, 241 Stores and Storehouses, 55, 119, 244 of Robert Carter, xxviii, 81, 144, 191 "Stratford Hall," Westmoreland County, Lee home, xxxi, 145, 242, 244, 245 dancing school at, 50, 51, 190, 191 Strawberries, 110 Sukey (slave), 86, 184-185 Supper, at Nomini Hall, description of, 34 Surveying, xvii, 191, 199 books on, xviii see also titles of catalogue in Appendix Susannah (ship), 122 Swallow (ship), 106, 112 Swearing, in Maryland, 108 Swift, Jonathan, 171, 190 Swine pox, 138 Scythes, 133 Taliaferro, Polly, 136, 248 family, 248 pronunciation of name, 248 Tappahannock, 241 see also Hobb's Hole Tarts, 33 Tasker, Anne (Bladen), xxvii, 239 Benjamin, xxvii Frances Anne, see Carter, Frances Anne (Tasker) family, social and economic position of, xxvii Taverns, 18, 53, 96, 109 called ordinaries in Virginia, 117 Tayloe, Col. John, of "Mount Airy," xxxi, 24, 69, 77, 94, 102, 120, 142, 148, 152, 155, 201, 242, 245, 246, 247, 248 Elizabeth, 247 Kitty, 95, 121, 136, 152 Polly, 95, 121, 136, 152 Bob Carter admires, 121 Rebecca, see Lee, Rebecca (Tayloe) Rebecca (Plater), 78, 121, 152, 153, 154, 246, 247 Sally, 136, 152 family, xxxi, 77 see also Taylor Taylor, Mr., 86, 111, 200 Mr. (overseer), 50, 62, 86, 91, 146, 185, 189, 244 Miss, 86 Tea, 33, 97, 107, 215 ban on drinking, 110 disturbances caused by duty on, 59, 209 repeal of duty on, 131 Telescopes, 117 Tenancy, xxviii, 92 Terraces, xx, 81, 237-238 see also falling gardens "The Cliffs," Richmond County, Fauntleroy home, 241, 243, 245 The Spectator, 4, 37 Priscilla Carter studies, 20 Theodolites, 187, 191, 196 Tholepins, 146 Thompson, Dr. Thomas, 51, 156, 205, 244 Thornton, Charlotte (Belson), 95, 148, 201, 246 Col. Presley, 246 Thunder and lightning, frighten Mrs. Carter, 79, 123, 144 Tibbs, Capt., 183 Ticks, 158, 169, 181 Tidewater Virginia, emigration from begins early, xiv England seeks to exploit products of, xiii "Golden Age," in, xiii great landowners dominate life in, xv methods of operating estates in, xv-xvi tobacco industry in, xiv Tinkers, 185 Tobacco, 88, 117, 142, 144, 185, 200 shipments of, stopped, 113, 117 wasteful system of cultivation, xiv see also Tobacco industry Tobacco industry, adversely affected by various factors, xiv Toddy, 29, 57, 90 Toll mills, 75 Tom (coachman), 55, 134 Tom (hostler), 91, 200 Toothache, 29, 84, 108, 185, 186 Tories, 191, 245 Towns, plans for building, 89 see also Aquia, Colchester, Fredericksburg, Hobb's Hole, Leeds, Norfolk, Williamsburg Trade, no social stigma attached to, xvi Carter engages in, 75 Travel, by water, xxiii, 31, 144-145, 192 overland, 144, 149 see also Carriages, Chairs, Chariots, Coaches, Sedans Trenton, N.J., 127 Tristram Shandy, 129 Trumpet Minuet, 30 Tryon, Gov. William, 64 "Tuckahoe," Goochland County, Randolph home, description of, 238-239 Tudor Rose (decorative motif), xxii Turberville, Betty Tayloe (Corbin), 242 George, 84, 130 Mrs. George, 84, 90, 130 George Richard, 242 John, of "Hickory Hill," 47, 73, 88, 110, 137, 147, 202, 242 Letitia Corbin (Letty), 25, 31, 88, 89, 90, 125, 136, 157, 200, 202, 242 Martha (Corbin), 31, 88, 188, 200, 202, 242 family, xxxi, 158 Turpentine, 190 Tutors, xviii, xix, 3, 6-7, 93-94, 95, 109, 143, 201, 238, 243, 247-248 American-born, 29, 93-94, 112 at Bushfield, 41, 244 at Sabine Hall, xviii barred out of schoolroom, 34 conduct prescribed for, 159-168 Englishmen as, xix, 112 salaries and perquisites of, 3, 6-7 Scotchmen as, xix, 29, 41, 90, 93-94, 244 social position of, xix Tyler's Ferry, 96, 110, 208, 247 Tyre, Dictionary, 25 Ucomico Church, see Yeocomico Church Ucomico River, see Yeocomico River Umbrellas, 144 Universal Magazine, quoted, 71-72, 73 Upper Marlborough, Md., 97, 209, 247 Urania, or a choice collection of Psalm-Tunes, Anthems and Hymns, 247 Valentines, 58, 62, 65, 245 for Priscilla Carter, 65, 230-233 Valley of Virginia, xxxii Vice, erroneous impressions concerning prevalence in Virginia, 9, 46-47 Violins, 30, 57, 121, 207 see also Fiddles Virgil, 74, 82, 83, 128, 138, 152 Virginia, characteristic dress of women, 29 compared with New Jersey, 60-61, 100, 159-164, 167-168 false impression regarding ungodliness in, 9, 46-47 fasts in, 110, 111, 112 General Assembly of, 117 dissolved by Governor, 110, 112 General Court of, 26, 95, 199, 203 Governor of, dissolves Assembly, 110, 112 toasts to, 59, 64, 129 Governor's Council, xxix hospitality and politeness in, 29, 43, 90 Indian disturbances on frontier, 187 peculiarities of speech in, 177 political unrest, see American Revolution Sabbath observance in, 73, 137, 167-168 social character of religious gatherings, 29, 162 see also Piedmont Virginia, Tidewater Virginia, Valley of Virginia Virginia Gazette, 64, 65, 67, 69, 79, 245, 247, 248 Vorhees, Mr., 98, 247 Waddell, Rev. James, 73, 245 Wade, Miss, 155 Wadman, Mr., 172 Waiting-men, 94, 96 Walker, Mr., 25, 28 Capt., 22, 28, 29, 32, 88, 172, 191, 202, 242 Wall, Mr., comedian, 98, 247 Dr. Llewellyn Lechmere, 247 Wallings, Mr., 17 Ward, Dr., 4, 14, 98, 100 Mrs., 99, 104 James, 106 Warden, Mr., 75, 88, 116, 172 John, tutor, 28, 243 Ware, "Aunt," 100 Rachel, 100 Warehouses, 89, 117 hinder shipping of tobacco, 117 Warsaw, Va., 241 Warwick, Md., 98, 210, 247 Washington, George, 238, 244 ideas on education, xvii Jenny, 51, 88, 123, 125, 135, 136, 148, 178, 196 Col. John Augustine, of "Bushfield," 51, 66, 83, 90, 137, 142, 145, 244, 245 Mrs. John Augustine, 51, 88, 202 Wash-houses, 81 Washer-women, 96, 207 Waste-gates, 75 Watch seals, 84, 209 Watches, 84 Watermelons, 151, 152, 157 Water Parted from the Sea (song), 37, 132, 243 Watt, Logick, 194 Webster, Althea (Alhe), 106 Betsy, 106 Peletiah (Palatiah), letter to, 172-173 Ruth, 106, 107 letter to, 174-175 Weddings, 51 Wellford, Mrs. William Harrison, 237 West, Mr., 97 Westmoreland County, 135, 241, 242, 243, 244, 248 Westmoreland County Court, 87, 149, 181 Westmoreland Court House, Va., 96, 208, 247 tavern at, 110 Wet nurses, 39 Wheat, 75, 112, 114, 125 Carter purchases for mill, 190 exported to Philadelphia, 77 Wheatly, Phillis, 72, 245 poem by, quoted, 73 White Plains, battle at, xxxii Wiggins, Dr., 7 Wildernesses, xx Will Wimple, 58 Williams, John Rogers, edits Fithian manuscripts, xxxii, 239 Williamsburg, xxx, 26, 34, 40, 44, 69, 79, 95, 126, 134, 172, 198, 245, 247, 248 Carter home at, xxix, 79 library of Carter at, 119 organ at, 30, 51 public houses at, 65 Robert Carter visits, xxix, 200 see also College of William and Mary Willing, Mr., 94 Thomas, 246 Willis, Harry, xxx, 20, 48, 54, 55, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 70, 76, 82, 86, 88, 112, 116, 122, 123, 133-134, 142, 146, 147, 148, 150, 169, 172, 181, 182, 184, 186, 190, 199, 201, 202, 206, 216, 241 commences school, 20 letter to, 201-202 "Windsor," Westmoreland County, Steptoe home, 246 Wine, 29, 42, 57, 77, 97, 111, 138, 141, 158, 191 Wirt, William, 245 Witherspoon, Dr. John, 3, 6, 11, 46, 90, 93, 95, 106, 107, 112, 143, 163, 240 advises Fithian to accept position, 7, 9, 14 career and influence of, 240 letters to, 9-10 Wolfe, Gen. James, description of monument to, 71-72 Women, discussions regarding souls of, 82 Woodcutters, 74 Wormeley, Judith, see Lee, Judith (Wormeley) Ralph, at Oriel College, Oxford University, xix Worth, Mr., 211 Yeocomico Church (Ucomico Church), Cople Parish, Westmoreland County, 22, 88, 96, 114, 122, 145, 169, 179, 202, 242 choir in, 195 see also Smith, Rev. Thomas Yeocomico River, 31, 77, 89, 246 ships in, 76 "Yew Spring," Caroline County, Corbin home, 248 Yorick (horse), 24, 94 Zodiac, plantations named for signs of, xxviii

Transcriber's note:

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