Volume 17 / Part 4 — VOCABULARIES OF INDIAN LANGUAGES

For the accuracy of the words in the following Vocabularies we have to rely upon the knowledge of the Indians or interpreters from whom we received them, having carefully noted them down on the spot, as they appeared to be pronounced. I have much pleasure in acknowledging the ready and important aid which I received from Mr. John Dougherty, at present Deputy Indian Agent for the Missouri; indeed, the Omawhaw, Shoshone and Upsaroka vocabularies are chiefly set down agreeably to his pronunciation.

The philologist will observe, that in these vocabularies, the guttural sound is indicated by a †, a nasal sound by an *, and a ‡ accompanying the letter j, shows that the French sound of that letter must be given to it.

T. SAY.

{lxx} VOCABULARY OF INDIAN LANGUAGES

Wah-tok-ta-ta, or Oto Language Konza Language O-maw-haw Language Sioux, (Yancton band,) Lang. Min-ne-ta-re, or Gros ventre Language Paw-ne Language Chel-a-ke, or Cherokee Language

Head na-so ve-ach-re pah pah an-too pak-shu is-ko

Hair na-to pa-heu pa-he pa-ha ar-ra o-shu ka-tluh

Face in-ja in-da e-ta e-ta

Fore-head pa pah pa e-ta-ho e-re pak-she re a-ga-ta-ga-nuh

Eye ish-tah ish-tah ish-tah ish-tah ish-tah ke-re-ko a-ka-tuh

Nose pa-so pah (same as head) pa-so a-pah tshu-sho col-yen-suh

Ear nan-tois nah-tah ne-tah nong-ko-pa la-hoch-e at-ka-ro kad-la-nuh

Lip e-ha e-hah e-hah {same e-hah { e-ha e-a-na-ga-luh

Mouth e yeh or eh ee e-eep-chap-pah tska-o a-ho-le

Chin e-ko egh ra-ba-he e-ko ka-ka kay-en-uh

Tooth he heh ee he ee(teeth) ha-ro ky-to-ka

Tongue ra-za yaa-sah they-se or tha-se cha-dzhe neigh-‡je ha-to ka-no-kuh

Beard e-he eh-hah-he e-he po-te-he a-poo-te ra-rosh a-ha-no-luh

Neck ta-sha tah-heu pa-he (same as hair) ta-ho a-peh tshu-she-re kit-sane or a-git-a-ga-nuh

Skin ho-ha whugh-hah ha ha laugh-pa ska-ret-ke kan-a-guh

Arm a-grat-che ah ah is-to arrough pe-e-ru kan-o-gan

Hand na-wa sha-geh nom-ba na-pa shan-te ik-she-re o-woy-an-e

Fingers no name for the fingers sha-geh-hah sha-ga nap-cho-pa shan-te-ich-po hash-pet ta-ka-ya-sut-enn

Nail sha-ga sha-geh-hu-hah sha-ga-ha sha-ka ich-po hash-pet ka-so-kut-un

{lxxi} Leg ho sha-gah naugh-pa-he ho eh-ta-whir-ta kash-o kun-uns-ka-nuh

Thigh ra-ga sha-gah-tun-gah ‡ja-guh cha-cha e-re-ke pe-ka-ta-ko ka-guh-lung

Foot ce seh se ce-ha it-se ash-o la-sa-ta-nuh

Toes no name for the toes collectively se-hah se-pa ces-has-ta it-se-shan-ke ash-o-hash-pet ta-ka-na-sut-uh

Copulation wa-to wat-che tow-e-tong e-e-pe

Penis ra shang-a ‡ja cha e-re car-e-o a-tuh

Vulva o-ya e-‡ja so-so sher-rah

Meat ta-to-ka ta-do-kah ta-no-ka ta-do cu-ruc-tschit-te ke-shat-ske o-we-duh

Blood wa-pa-ga wah-pe wa-me oua eh-re ha-to ke-kuh

Heart nan-tcha na-cha naun-da shan-ta nah-tah pet-so o-noh-hwa

Bone wa-ho wa-heu *y-he ho, same as leg e-rouh ke-sho ko-luh

Horn cha-ha hah ha heh or ha an-‡je are-ko hu-lon-uh

Magician wah-ho-ben-ne ne-ka-shing-guh-ho-ba

Chief wang-a-ge-he ne-ka-ga-he

Man wah-she-ga ne-kos-shing-goh no we-cha-sha mat-tza tsa-e-ksh ski-yuh

Old man wa-sha-in-ga ish-a-ga we-chach-chah e-tan-ca

Soldier moi-a-ke-ta wa-na-sha

Woman nah-hak-ka wa-kooh wa-o we-ah me-ya tsa-pat ka-yuh

Old woman na-ak-shin-ya wa-o-‡jin-guh wa-konk-ka ga-no

Boy chin-to-ing-ya she-do-shing-goh no-‡jing-ga ho-ke-she-na shi-kan-‡ja pesh-ke at-so-zuh

Friend in-tar-ro ca-ga

Girl che-me-ing-ya she-me-shing-goh me-‡jing-ga we-chin-cha-no me-ya-kan-‡ja tcho-ra-ksh a-ga-hew-tzuh

Father an-tcha e-tah-cheh da-da or da-da-ha at-cu-cu tan-ta a-te-ash a-to-tuh

{lxxii} Mother e-hong, the mother e-nah e-hong, the mother hu-co e-ka a-te-rah a-tsing

Son e-ing-ya, the son (See Boy) e-‡jing-ga, his son che-het-co mou-ri-sha pe-rou-ta-ta a-quat-se-at-su-tsuh

Daughter e-ong-a, the daughter (See Girl) e-‡jong-ga, the daughter we-tach-nong ma-cath tcho-ra-ge-la-ha a-quat-se-a-ga-ho-tsuh

Pretty o-com-pe o-com-pe o-yuk-co-pe e-ta-suk-es

Ugly o-com-pish-con-na o-com-pe-a-‡ja o-yuk-she-sha e-ta-e-she-es

Child che-ching-a shing-goh-shing-goh shinga-shinga ok-che-cho-pa man-on-gah, children pe-rou a-kah

Brother e-ena, elder brother e-song-a, younger brother wes-son-gah we-son-gah, younger brother ‡je-na-ha, elder brother ho-cowng-‡je-co-che-a, my elder brother be-a-cah, elder Mat-tso-ga, younger e-ra-re a-ke-ne-le

Sister e-tong-a, younger sister e-onuh, elder do wet-ton-geh toing-ga tow-in-och-te mat-to-me-ya elder, mat-tak-ke-e-‡je, younger e-ta-†he ang-ga-tuh

God wah-con-dah— they call the thunder the same wak-kon-doh wah-con-da wa-ca-tun-ca, the Great Spirit man-ho-pa, Great Spirit tlou-wa-hot, Master of Life ka-long-la-te-e-geth-te-ra, the Great Spirit above

{lxxiii} Devil wah-con-dah-pish-co-na, bad god wok-kon-doh-pe-she, bad spirit ish-ten-e-ke, bad spirit or witch wa-con-she-cheh, bad spirit no corresponding word tsa-he-ksh-ka-ko-hra-wah, bad spirit ske-nuh

Heaven wah-noh-a-tche nuh, town of spirits no corresponding word; wah-nahk-he-o-shonge-yah-re—road of the dead wa-noch-a-te, town of brave and generous spirits wan-ach-a-te-pa, house of spirits a-pah-he, good village tska-o, same as mouth ka-lang-a-te

Hell no name for this no corresponding word in this language o-shon-geh-pe-she— bad road wa-noch-a-tow-woin-pa-‡je, town of poor or useless spirits no word for this no corresponding word ka-ko-hre-a-to-ro, bad road tsens-ske-nuh

Heat tah-an-ah mos-cheh on-a-bre oh-de-de-ta ar-rase tou-ets-to telh-kuh

Cold sne sne-wah-cheh sne sne ce-re-a ta-pech-e uh-lan-nuh

Rain ne-yu ne-she-hue-ah naun-she ma-ha-‡jou †har-a tat-so-ro a-ga-skuh

Snow pah pah-hue-ah mah wah mah-pa to-sha an-tsink

Ice no-ha† nah-heh no-ha cha-†hah me-†roh-†he la-she-to un-a-ster-lang

Hail pa-so ma-se was-so mah-pe-ich-te-et-snow large har-a-a-pa rain together the same as ice

Summer to-ka no-gah min-to-ca-to ma-pus-a-gus le-at ko-ke

Winter pa-ne mah-ra-dong wah-ne-ah-to ma-la pitsh-e-kat ko-luh

Morning ha-ro-tach-tche cas-aht-te he-han-na ker-aug-co-tah ka-ka-rush-ka so-nah-leh

Evening eh-ta-na paz-za eh-ti-a-to oh-pah wa-tate-kat-tate-ke-a son-e-a-leh

{lxxiv} Day hang-wa om-bah aung-pa mah-pah, very like snow shak-o-ro e-sharet e-kum

Night hang-ha hon-da haha-pe oh-se-us e-ra-shu-a-te son-o-yeh

Sun pe me-na-ca-ja oue mah-pe-me-ne, sun of day sha-ko-ro na-toh

Moon pe-tang-wa, sun that gives light me-om-bah ha-ya-to-we oh-se-a-me-ne, sun of night pa as sun, dist. by adding night

Star pe-kah-ha me-ca-a weh-chah-pe e-kah o-pe-ret noh-kos-a

Earth ma-ha mon-e-ka mong-ca a-mah o-ra-ro ka-tun

Water ne ne me-ne me-ne ket-so a-muh, nearly the same as salt

Whiskey pa-je-ne pa-ge-ne

Medicine man-cong uc-cong

Mysterious medicine wah-ho-ne-ta †ho-ba

Fire pa-ja pa-da pa-ta be-ras la-te-to at-se-luh

Wood na ‡jan cha* be-ra la-gish, forest at-uh

Tree na-bo-shra-ja, standing wood †her-a-ba-me cha-on-ge-na, one wood alone be-ra-ech-te-et hu-kuh

Bean o-ne him-bar-rin-ga

Leaf nah-wa a-ba wah†-pa a-pa-bat-to-se lets-ko-shu u-guh-lo-kuh

Maize wa-to-ja wat-tan-ze

Pumpkin wat-twoing wat-tang

{lxxv} Bark na-ha ‡joh-noh-hah chang-ha es-sche la-vet-ta-te u-tha-lu-kuh

Tobacco ra-ne ne-ne chan-te ow-pa

Hazlenuts qua-ing-ya *a-‡jin-guh

Hill o-ha pa-ha †ha-a-ca avo-ca-ve-car-ish-ta pa-ho-ke-ve-to

Valley a-bras-ka o-‡je-nosh-ka se-mong-ca a-man-she-e-pe, a bushy ravine la-kat-tosh, a ravine oh-tat-luh

River nesh-noug-a, running water wa-tish-ka wa-co-pa an-ge kat-tosh ak-wo-ne

Spring ne-wa-bru, water springing up ne-hun-ga cak-ce-za ma-ha kets-pa-le, a-muk-a-nu-go-guh

Gelding shong-a? shong-ga-son-ga-en-ne shon-ko-wa-cong it-ze-mat-shu-ga

Horse shong-to-ka? shon-ga-tun-ga shong-min-to-ca an-‡ju-ca-ba-tu a-ro-sha tsa-wil-e

Mare shong-ming-ya shon-ga-min-ga shong-we-a-nong be-ca a-sha-tsa-pat

Colt shong-shing-ya shon-to-‡jin-guh shong-che-na it-ze-bu-zu-ga-non-ga

Dog shong-o-ka-ne, unmeaninghorse she-no-ta shon-ka mat-shu-ga a-sha-kish ke-leh

Wolf shong-tung shong-tun-guh shunk-to-ka-cheh sa-‡ja

Fox mes-ra-ka ma-nik-o-shier cha-to-ka-na ih-hoc-ca-‡je

Bird wa-ing-ya wash-ing-guh ze-ca-no sa-can-ga le-kot-ske ses-quah

Turkey wa-ek-kung-ja ze-ze-kah

War eagle he-ra †he-ra-ska

Buck elk om-pa-nu-gah heh-ha-ka ma-ron-ga-ca-re-pe

Doe om-pa-min-gah o-pong ma-ron-ga-be-ca

{lxxvi} Egg e-tcha et-tah wa-tuh weet-ca ga sa-can-ga-non-ko le-kot-ske-pe- o-a-teh

Buck deer toch-ta-nu-gah ta-min-do-ca se-e-ka-tuc-ke

Doe toch-ta-min-gah ta-we-a-nong se-e-ka-tuc-ke-be-ca

Fawn toch-ta‡jinguh-hin-gara-‡ja ta-che-cha-na se-e-ka-tuc-ke-non-ga

Fish ho ho ho-ho ho-hung bo-a kat-tsche-ke at-tsa-teh

Squirrel ah-sin-ya sin-guh

Prairie dog man-ne-ho-ja man-ne-†ho-da

Snake wa-cong vatz-ah wais-uh wam-dosh-ka ma-buc-sha lot-pat-set e-nah-tah

Bison cha ta ke-e-ra-pe

Otter tosh-nong-ya nosh-noh pet-tong me-ra-po-ca

Black tailed deer ta-sa-wa toch-ta-sin-ja-sa-ba

Bear mon-ja was-sah-ba was-sa-ba wa-hunk-ca-ce-cha lah-pet-ze ko-roksh yoh-nuh

Raccoon me-ka me-ca we-cha me-ra-pa

Beaver ra-way ‡ja-ba cha-pa

Louse ha hah ha ha-uh a-tap-peh pets ta-nuh

Antelope ta-to ta-tshu-guh

Skunk mon-ka mon-guh

{lxxvii} Flea ta-gres-ka, deer that is going no corresponding word tat-a-guh, fool deer ha-nuh sa-cas-ke te-ra-guh tsu-kuh

Muskrat o-to-ak-ka sin-ja-sna-ja-wa-ge-re

Rabbit mish-tsching-ya mas-tschin-ga mash-te-cha-nong e-ta-ke

Bow man-to shah-me-ja man-da-san-ra e-ta-ze-pah be-rah-hah te-ra-gish kelk-tsut-e

Arrow ma mah mah wang-hink-a-pa e-tah lek-sho kun-e

Knife ma-he ma-he me-na mat-ze

Pipe ra-no-wa ne-ne-bah chan-dow-ho-pa eh-ke-pe

Canoe pa-ja pah-cheh mon-de-ha-shin-ga wa-tah a-man-ta lak-o-ho-ro tse-u

House che teh te te-pe a-te, Ind. lodge ak-ka-ro kat-so-da

Copper ma-za-ze mahs-es-se-he mon-za-‡je-da mas-ah-shah, or red iron o-was-sa-she-re kots-ter-ra-ha tsal-ya-tal-ou-i-ka, red brass

Stone eng-ro eh e-eh e-yong me-e ka-ret-ke ni-yah

Body e-ro

Iron ma-za mahs-suh mon-za ma-ah o-was-sa pa-bet-de-sho u-tal-u-gis-ke

Yes Hon-ja hoo-eh oh-hoh* hah or toch i, or ar-roch-o-bah na-wa o-wah

No He-a-ko, by the men hank-kash-eh auns-kash-a he-yah na-‡jes ka-ke an-tleh

He-a-ka by the squaws

None ning-ya ning-ga

White ska skoh ska scah ho-tech-ke la-ta-ka u-na-kuh

Red shu-ja ‡je-da shah ish-she

Black sa-wa sah-beh sah-ba sa-pah shu-pe-sha ka-tet un-nuh-ga

Blue to to toe ta-he

Yellow ze ze ze she-re

Light ta-kong haum-pah o-go-om-ba oh-‡ja-‡jo mah-pa-suh-kas shuk-she-gat e-ga-hew

Darkness o-han-za haum-o-pas-se o-ga-ha-no-pa-sa oh-yok ka-pa-za oh-pa-‡je same as night ul-se-kuh

Me me-eh we me-ya

I (ego) be-ah me-e ta i-yeh

One yon-ka me-akh-che me-ach-che wan-cha le-mois-so as-ko

Two no-wa nom-pah nom-ba no-pa no-o-pah pet-ko

Three ta-ne yah-be-re ra-be-ne ya-me-ne na-me tou-wet

Four to-wa toh-pah to-ba to-pah to-pah shke-tiksh

Five sa-ta sah-tah sat-ta zap-ta che-†hoh she-oksh

Six sha-qua shahp-peh shap-pa shak-pa a-ca-ma shek-sha-bish

Seven shah-a-muh pa-om-bah pa-num-ba shak-o-e chap-po pet-ko-shek-sha-bish

Eight kra-ra-ba-na pa-yah-be-re pa-ra-be-ne shak-un-do-huh no-pup-pe tou-wet-sha-bish

Nine shan-ka shank-kuh shon-ka nuh-pet-che-wung-kuh no-was-sap-pa lok-she-re-wa

Ten kra-ba-nuh kera-brah, or ker-a-be-rah kra-ba-ra wek-chem-in-uh pe-ra-gas lok-she-re

Eleven a-gen-ne-yon-ka ah-re-me-akh-che a-gar-e-me a-ka-ong-‡jin a-pe-le-mois-so as-ko-lok-she-re

Twelve a-gen-ne-no-wa ah-re-nom-pah a-gar-e-num-ba a-ka-no-pa a-pe-no-o-pah pet-ko-sho-she-re

{lxxix} Having but a small number of words of the two following Languages, it is thought proper to insert them separately from the above comparative tables, in order that the columns may not be too much extended.

Shos-ho-ne Language

Good, sant

Bad, kate-sant

Salmon, au-gi

Come, ke-ma

Large, pe-up

Big river, pau-pe-up

To eat, bo-re-can

White people, tab-ba-bo—people of the sun

Go, nu-me-a-ro

To copulate, yo-co

To see, ma-bo-ne

Did not see it, ka-en-ma-bo-na

To love, kom-muh

A great many, shant

Bison, kot-zo

Antelope, wa-re

Elk, pa-re

Awl, we-u

Beaver, ha-nish

Friend, hants

Woman, wipe

Water, pa

Horse, bunk-o

No, ka-he

Tash-e-pa, pierced nose—a nation of the Columbia

Paw-kees, black feet Indians

Pun-ash, root eaters—a band of Shoshones who call a horse toish, and a squaw mo-co-ne

Up-sa-ro-ka, or Crow Language

White people, mash-te-se-re—yellow eyes

Pawkees or Black-feet, e-chip-e-ta

Poor, bats-ish-cat

Powerful or strong, bats-atsh

Good, e-tschick

Bad, kab-beak

Bison, be-sha

Bison bull, che-ra-pa

Beaver, be-rap-pa

Tobacco, o-pa

Where, sho

Far, ham-a-ta

Mountain, am-a-†ha-ba

Elk, e-che-re-ca-te—little horse

Finished or completed, kar-a-ko-tuk

Knife, mit-se

What, sa-pa

Near, ash-ka

Friend, she-ka

To eat, ba-boush-mek

Gunpowder, be-rups-spa

Little, e-ro-ka-ta

Name which they give to the Sioux nation, mar-an-sho-bish-ko—or the cut throats

Young woman, me-ka-ta

Water, me-ne

Fire, be-da

Wood, mon-a

River, an-sha

Horse, e-che-ra

No, bar-a-ta

{lxxx} The following promiscuous words are added for the further information of the philologist.

Wah-tok-ta-ta, or Oto Language

White people, maz-onk-ka—iron makers

Americans, ma-he-hun-jeh—big knife

British, ra-gar-rash-ing, probably not an Oto word

Ioway nation, pa-ho-ja—gray snow

Missouri nation, ne-o-ta-tcha—those who build a town at the mouth of a river

Mississippi river, ne-o-hun-je—the river that enlarges as it runs, or ne-ber-a-‡je, water of knowledge

Missouri river, ne-su-ja—smoky water

Osage river, ne-ska—white water

Grand river, nesh-na-hun-ja—big water

Konzes river, to-pe-o-ka—good potatoe river

Nodowa river, ne-a-ton-wa—jump over river, or ne-wa-ton

Walk, ma-ne

Distant, har-re

Deer, tah-che

Green, toh-tsche

Platte river, ne-bras-ka—or flat water

Little Platte river, ne-breska-ingya—little flat water

Tarkio river, tar-ke-u

Nemehaw river, ne-mo-ha-hun-ge

Little Nemehaw river, ne-mo-haing-ya

Nishnabatona river, nish-na-bot-ona—canoe making river

Weeping water river, ne-ha-ga—weeping water

Saline creek, nes-co—salt water

Loup fork of the Platte river, Pawneeomawhaw-ne-etow-wa

Elk-horn creek, wa-ta-tung-ya

Konza river, Konza-ne-etow-wa—or the river belonging to the Konzas

Run, nong-a

Leap, ta-wa

Fight, a-ke-ra-ga

Eat, wa-ro-ja

Drink, rat-tong

Steal, mo-no

Talk, e-cha

Strength, bre-hra

Weakness, wa-ha-ha

Poor, wa-was-tong

Near, as-ke

Different, e-tan-tong

Good, pe-ay

Bad, pish-co-na

Mockeson, a-ko-je

Gunpowder, ak-ho-je

Ball, ma-za-muh

Looking-glass, ma-zo-ka-tou-a

Long, thra-ja

Short, su-is-cha

Broad, ar-ru-cha-hun-ja

Thick, sho-ga

Thin, bra-ka

Father, in-ko—used by a person when addressing his father. This word is said by Lewis and Clarke, p. 36, to mean chief, but this seems to be a mistake.

Twenty, kra-ba-nuh-no-wa

Twenty-one, krabanuhnowa-agen-ne-yon-ka?

Thirty, krabanuh-ta-ne

One hundred, krabanuh-ho-yong

One hundred and one, krabanuhhoyongagenneyonka

One thousand, krabanuhhoyonghon-ja—or big hundred

{lxxxi} O-maw-haw Language

White people, wah-ha—makers

Americans, mah-he-tun-guh—big knife

British, suk-an-ash—not a proper Omawhaw word

Hat, wa-ha-pa-ga-rong

Hatchet, maz-za-pa-‡jin-ga

Axe, maz-za-pa-tun-guh

Prairie dog's burrow, man-ne-†ho-da-te

Grizzly bear, mon-tschu

White hare, mas-tschi-ska

Porcupine, pa-he

Bald eagle, he-ra-pa-song

Grey eagle, he-ra-gra ‡je

Black bear, wa-sa-ba

Dragon fly, te-ne-nik-a

Sword, mah-he-tun-guh

Small knife, mah-he-‡jin-guh

Canoe, mun-da

Thunder, †ger-rong

Breech-cloth, ‡ja-a-de-gar-rong

Niece, we-te-‡jeh by the men, we-to-‡jon-ga by the squaws

Brother-in-law, tahong

Deer skin, ta-ha

Sweet maize, wat-tan-ze-ske-ra

Common maize, wat-tan-ze-sar-ra-ga

An ear of maize, wa-ha-ba

Abdomen, ta-ze

Paunch or stomach, ne-ha

Mammæ, mon-za, same as iron

People, ne-ka-shing-ga, or ne-kuh-shing-guh

Young warrior, wa-se-se-ga

Warm, mash-ta

Nostrils, pah-shu-sha

Human skin, he-ha

Deep blue, toh-che

Dance, wat-che. Sometimes the word ga-ha, to make, is subjoined to this word in order to distinguish from their term for copulation

His child, e-ne-se

Me (I) make, pa-†ha, very like the word for hill

My true child, we-se-‡jun-tsche-nu

It is said there is none, ning-ga-um

Bad or ugly, pa-‡juh—a word used in anger, principally by the squaws

Poor as a turkey, wah-pa-ne-ze-ze-ka-a-go

I am as poor as a turkey, a-mah-panezezekaago

You are as poor as a turkey, war-ichpanezezekaago

It was red with blood, wa-me-‡je-da-ka

I will not go, a-bra-muj‡-‡je

Come here, ge-ga-ha

Little Platte river, ne-bras-ka-‡jinguh—Little flat water

Konza river, Konza-ne-eta

Bowyer creek, ne-ha-ba—shallow water

Little Sioux creek, wa-ta

Run, to-na

Leap, we-sa

Fight, ke-ke-na

Eat, wa-brat-ta

Drink, brat-tong

Steal, mo-no

Talk, e-a, very like stone

Strength, wash-ca-tun-ga

Weakness, wa-ha-ha

Poor, wah-pa-ne

Near, ash-ka

Good, o-dong

Bad, o-dong-buj‡-‡je, or o-dan-‡je, or pe-a-‡ja

Mockeson, *han-pa

Gunpowder, mah-†ho-da

Ball, mah-za-muh

Looking-glass, ne-o-ke-garras-se

Long, sna-da

Short, cha-shkah

Broad, bras-ka

Thick, sho-guh

{lxxxii} Thin, bra-ka

Thirteen, a-gar-e-ra-be-ne

Twenty, kra-ba-ra-nom-ba

Twenty-one, krabaranomba-ke-de-me-ach-che

Thirty, krabara-be-ne

Thirty-one, krabarabene-ke-de-me-ach-che

One hundred, krabara-he-me

One hundred and one, krabarahe-me-ke-de-me-ach-che

One thousand, krabaraheme-ton-ga

One thousand and one, krabara-he-metonga-kedemeachche

Nine thousand, krabarahemeton-ga-shon-ka

O-maw-haw Names of Persons

MEN

Yellow Belly, ta-ze-ze

Little God, wah-conda-‡jin-ga

God, wah-conda

He that carries his feet, se-ge-e

He that has four feet, se-to-ba

Four hands, nom-ba-to-ba

Two legs, ‡ja-ga-nom-ba

Four nails, sha-ga-to-ba

Big hand, nomba-tun-ga

Big eyes, ish-ta-tun-ga

He who deliberates, wa-ru-ger-rong

Buffaloe rib, ta-re-ta

Buffaloe tail, ta-sin-da

Buffaloe head, ta-pa

Buffaloe bull, ta-nu-ga

Buffaloe calf, ta-‡jin-ga

Little white bear, mut-chu-‡jinga

Black white bear, mut-chu-sa-ba

Black bird, wa-‡jinga-sa-ba

He that walks on the edge, o-hon-ga-mon-e

He that makes signs as he walks, wa-bom-en-e

He that walks behind, a-ga-ha-mo-ne

He that hunts as he walks, o-na-mun-ne

The walking cloud, mah-pe-mun-ne

The strong walker, wash-ka-mun-ne

He who walks when fruit is ripe, se-da-mun-ne

He who cries as he walks, ha-ga-mun-ne

He who walks beyond others, ko-she-ha-mun-ne

He who arrived in haste, wash-con-he

He who is not afraid of tracks, se-gra-na-pa-ba

The white horse, shon-ga-ska

Seven, pa-num-ba

Ace of spades, o-ka-de-ga-rong

Little cook, o-hon-‡jin-ga

Head wind or North wind, ke-ma-ha

Big skunk, mon-ga-tun-ga

Prairie wolf, mon-e-kus-se

Swan, me-hus-ca-tun-ga

He who walks double, nom-ba-mon-ne

Black breast, mon-ga-sab-ba

No hand, nom-ba-ning-ga

Brave, wa-shu-sha

No knife, ma-he-ning-ga

Two tails, sin-da-num-ba

The top of the tent-poles which are tied together, te-she-mo-ha

Big bullet, ma-ze-mat-tunga

Medicine mouth, e-wa-ho-ba

He who carries real medicines, mac-ca-n-e

Wet mockeson, hom-pa-no-ca

Big leggings, o-tant-tun-ga

Smoke maker, shu-da-goch-ha

Two faces, in-da-nom-ba

The twins, nom-ba-dant

Yellow knife, ma-he-ze

SQUAWS' NAMES

The first moon, me-ta-e

Na-sa-za

{lxxxiii} Village, towoin

Me-hun-guh

First thunder, ti-en-e

Female sun, me-teh-ha

Female moon, me-um-bun-ne

Female axe, mas-up-pa-me

Female deer that looks, wa-tum-bun-ne

The first thunder that falls, ta-ingga-ra

O-maw-haw Interjections and Exclamations

Zt!—This is used by the men when contemplating a fine trinket, looking-glass, &c.; they sometimes say zt-o-dah!

Sheh-zt-zt-zt! or wah-zt-zt-zt! or oah-zt-zt-zt! is used by the men for driving dogs out of mischief.

Eh-zt-zt-zt-zt! by the women on the same occasion.

Heh! an inspiration—used by the women when a sudden but trifling accident occurs—as it is also used by the white females.

Ke-a!—the first syllable nasal—by the women for calling their dogs.

Wo-oh! by the men for calling their dogs or horses. It is a sound very similar to that used by the whites to halt horses.

Wah-man-gar-ing-ga! Be off, or go away—spoken in anger—this would be the last word, an attack would succeed if disregarded.

O-hoh! (drawn out very long) used to one who has been troubling them a long time—it would precede the preceding exclamation in the gradation of displeasure.

Ge-ga-ha! wah-ge-ga-ra! o-hoh-ge-gar-a!—the successive expressions of impatience in calling a person to come.

Hi-o! The answer of a squaw to one who calls.

Ha! The answer of a man to one who calls.

Da-dansh-ta-a! An exclamation similar in signification to O, alas, me!

{lxxxiv} Sioux, (Yancton band,) Language

American, me-na-has-hah—Long knife

British, sa-kin-da-sha. This appears to be an adopted word.

Physician, wa-pe-a-we-a-cha-sha

Village, o-tong-y-a

Eagle, ho-yah

Green, to-we-toy-ya, or "the blue to dye with"—they have no other word for this colour.

Warm, mach-ta

Pawnees, pa-dan-o-ta

Sioux, da-co-ta

Run, e-ong-ka

Leap, e-ep-se-sha

Fight, ke-che-za

Eat, wo-tah

Drink, ya-ta-kong

Talk, e-ah

Good, wash-ta

Gunpowder, cha-hun-da

Thirteen, a-ka-ya-me-ne

Nineteen, a-ka-nuh-pet-che-wung

Twenty, wek-chem-in-eh-nom-pa

Twenty-one, wekcheminehnompah-a-ka-ong-ge

Thirty, wekcheminuh-ya-me-ne

Thirty-one, wekcheminuhyamene-a-ka-ong-‡jin

One hundred, o-pang-ha

One hundred and one, opangha-aka-ong-‡jin

One thousand, kok-o-tong-o-pang-ha

One thousand and one, kokotongopangha-a-ka-ong-‡jin

Ten thousand, kokotongopanghawekcheminuh

The upper bands of the Sioux in their pronunciation substitute the letter l for the d.

Min-ne-ta-re, or Gros ventre Language

American, man-ce-ech-te-et—big knife

British, bo-she-it-to-†chre-shu-pe-sha—the men who bring black cloth

French, bo-she

Spaniard, was-she-o-man-ti-qua

Crow Indians, par-is-ca-oh-panga—the crow people

Crow Indians, another band, ehha-tza—the people of leaves

Snake Indians, ma-buc-sho-roch-pan-ga

Flat-headed Indians, a-too-ha-pe

Pierced-nose Indians, a-pa-o-pa

Black foot Indians, it-ze-su-pe-sha

Gros ventre of the Fort prairie, a band of Black feet, a-re-tear-opan-ga

Assinniboin Indians, e-tans-kepa-se-ta-qua

Shienne Indians, a-was-she-tanqua, or it-anse-po-‡je

Sauteur Indians, ha-hat-tong

Mandan Indians, a-rach-bo-cu

Rickaree Indians, a-rick-a-ra-one

Sioux Indians, it-ans-ke

Pawnee Loups Indians, sa-‡jer-opan-ga

Les Noire Indians, at-te-shu-pesha-loh-pan-ga

The Red Shield Chief, one of the principal chiefs, e-tam-ina-gehiss-sha

The Borgne or One Eye, grand chief, a remarkable man, he was killed by the Red Shield, a few years since, ka-ko-a-kis

{lxxxv} Missouri river, amanti-a-‡je—the river that carries canoes

Little Missouri river, a-manti-ca-‡ja—the river that carries little canoes

Yellow Stone River, mit-ze-re-a-‡je—the river of yellow rocks

Physician, mat-za-ma-ho-pa

Village, a-ma-teh

Prairie, a-mon-su-ket

Eagle, ich-pro-hich

Arrow point, e-tah-e

Tomahawk, weep-sa-lan-ga

Green, †hau-te-ge

Emasculation, an-ju-ca-da-‡jus

Little wolf, bot-sas

Blanket, wash-a-echre-o-tucke

Mountain, avo-ca-ve

Kill, ta-ha

Die, tas

Scalp, a-ram-pa-tsak-ke

He or she, ne

Bison cow, me-te-ya

A thick forest of small trees, be-ra-she-e-pe

Run, te-re-a

Leap, te-chre

Fight, re-ke

Eat, ma-rou-ta

Drink, be-de-he

Steal, ma-a-shan-re

Talk, de-da

Mockasin, o-pah

Gunpowder, mer-e-ze-ba

Nineteen, a-pe-no-was-sap-pa

Twenty, no-o-pah-pe-ra-gas

Thirty, na-me-a-pe-ra-gas

Forty, to-pah-a-pe-ra-gas

One hundred, pe-ra-gas-ich-te-et

One thousand, pe-re-gas-ich-te-et-a-cah-co-re

Paw-ne Language

Grand Pawnees, tcha-we

Loups or Pawneeomawhaws, ske-re

Pawnee Republicans, ze-ka-ka or ket-ka-kesh

Tappage band, pe-tou-we-ra

Not, buj‡-‡je

Tool Robe, (the republican grand chief), sha-re-a-deeksh-taw-we

Thirteen, tou-wet-lok-she-re

Fourteen, lah-ko-ke-ta

Fifteen, she-oksh-ta-ro-ke-ta

Sixteen, shrou-we-o

Seventeen, tou-wet-ka-ke, (twenty less three)

Eighteen, pet-ko-ka-ke, (twenty less two)

Nineteen, as-ko-ka-ke, (twenty less one)

Twenty, pe-tou-o

Twenty-one, petouo-as-ko

Thirty, luk-she-re-we-tou-o

Thirty-one, luksherewetouo-as-ko

Forty, pet-ko-sho-o-ra-ro

Forty-one, petkoshooraro-as-ko

Fifty, petkoshoorarolokshere

Sixty, tou-wet-ra-ro

Seventy, touwetrarolokshere

Seventy-one, touwetrarolokshere askolokshere

Eighty, shke-tiksh-ta-ro

Eighty-one, shketikshtaroasko

Ninety, shketikshtarolokshere

Ninety-one, shketikshtaroaskolokshere

One hundred, she-koksh-ta-ro

One thousand, petkoshoorarolokshere-tsa-e-ksh

The name of one individual of the Pawnee Loups is "The maker of God."

{lxxxvi} The two following Vocabularies were taken down by Major Long during his tour on the upper Mississippi in the year 1817

Winnebago, Puant, or Nippegon Naudowessies of Carver and Hennepin

Arm ar-dah ish-to

Axe mahs ontz-pa

Arrow mah wah-hen-te-pa

American or Long knife mah-ek-ha-te is-son-tah-kah

Brother sunk-ha-deh me-son-kah

Beads wy-a-per-ris-sipe we-o-ke-a-tah

Bread wice-kap ah-ho-e-a-pe

Beaver nah-a-pah schah-pah

Bear ontsh wah-hank-ce-chah

Brass or copper mahn-se mahnz-a-ze

Chief ongk-pe wich-ash-tah-yah-top-pe—good chief

Canoe or boat wach wah-ta

Cards, playing pek pek

Child no-go-nek oke-che-o-pah

Dead ah-no kthah

Deer tchah tah-ken-shah

Dog shonk shonk-ah

Elk o-pangh

Elbow eye-shou-uck ish-pah

Eyes shtas-so ish-tah

Ears nahnt-shou-ah nokh-ra

Feet se se-hah

Fingers na-ap no-pa-to-ka-hah

Fox cha-ontz-sin-cer-et shonk-gre-dah

Fire pyche pa-tah

Father cha-che ah-ta

Face e-ta

Good a-pe-no wash-ta

Garter o-a-kish-ke wash-kin-chah-ha

Gun ish-ok mahs-ak-khan

Ground mak-kah mah-koh-cha

Green mah-nech-o tah-ko-te

Grass khah-weh pa-zhe

Hands nah-pur no-pa

Head nahs-so Fak-e

Heart nach-keh chan-ta

House or lodge tche te-pe

Horse shonk-hat-ta shonk-a-wak-kungh

Island wich we-tah

Iron mahs-ish-ah mahnz-ah

{lxxxvii} Indian wank-shich ik-e-cha-wich-ash-ta

Knife mah-he es-sanh

Lead ish-o-co-mah mahnz-as-so

Legs o-rah ho

Louse ha-dah hah-yur

Maize wa-cho-as wah-me-nah-zah

Man wank-she-grah wich-ash-tah

Mother nah-ne e-nah

Musket shou-uck sin-te-pah

Meat tchack tun-do

Meal wois-top ah-ho-e-ap-pe

Mockasin wa-co-cheh ham-pah

Moon hah-heh-we we?

Mouth e e?

Mosquetto nah-wonk chah-pon-gah

No, or nothing chonch-que-ne-no he-yah

Nose pah pagh-ra

Oar, or paddle nash-uck wa-me-nah-he-chah

Old ah-chin-shun wich-a-hin-chah, old man

Otter to-shen-uk ptungh

Owl wahk-cheh-he e-angh-kah-hah

Powder ok-hun-ne chah-hun-de

Pond or lake tah-hat-ta min-da, or tong-gah

Porcupine wah-hane

Pipe tah-ne-ho chan-do-o-pah

Road nak-koh chang-ko

River ne-shan-nuk wah-te-pah

Red was-seh shah

Sister nok-ach-ap-pe-tah tunk-she

Silver sho-de-ah manz-as-kah

Squaw he-no-ko-tah win-o-khe-jah

Sun we-dah we?

Star kah-dach-o wich-anck-pe

Thunder wah-kon-jah wak-ke-ah

Tree nah-nah chah

Town or village mah-ket-te-che-nuk ah-tong-wa

Tobacco tah-ne-nah chan-de

Teeth he e?

Universe han-najh-pe ah-was-se

Wax i-sic-we-ke-ne-chah tok-mah-hah-ses-sen-de

White skah skah

Water ne-nah, or neh men-neh

You ne-eh ne-ya

{lxxxviii} Yes on-chah hah

One jhing-ke-de wan-chah

Two nope nom-pah

Three tah-ne yah-men-ne

Four chope toh-o-pah

Five sach sah-pe-tah

Six kuh-we shahk-pe

Seven sha-ko shahk-o-win

Eight no-wunk shah-hun-da-hah

Nine jhink-ich-os-co-ne nop-cheh-wunk-kah

Ten kher-a-pun we-ke-cha-me-nah

Eleven jhink-he-ra-sho-ne ak-ka-wun-ghe

Twelve nope-ash-o-ne ak-ka-nume