Part 2 — INDEX
Reading edition
Acolapissa, Indian tribe, attacked and enslaved by Chickasaw and English, 185
Abnaki, Indian tribe, take slaves from Illinois, 70
Adoption, 43
Addington, Isaac, secretary of council of safety, 293;
hires Indians, 293
Advertisements of Indian slaves, 243, 244
Agona, chief, seized by Cartier, 72
Agriculture, 36, 83
Alabama, tribe, enslave and sell Mobile Indians, 75
Algonquin, nation, hold Indian slaves, 28
Albany, common council, act concerning fugitive slaves, 221;
treaty of, 202;
restrictions on slaves, 260
Alcaldes, enslave Indians, 61
Altamaha, tribe, 75
Amalgamation, cause of decline of slavery, 107, 287
Anastasius, Father, given an Indian girl, 81
Antilles, discovery, 48
Apache, tribe, enslaved by Choctaw, 30
Apalache, tribe, enslaved by Carolina settlers, 120, 121;
attacked by English Indians, 171;
attack missions of Santa Catalina and Santa Fé, 179
Archdale, John, governor of South Carolina, tries to check trade in Indians, 178
Archbishop of Canterbury, 268
Aricara, tribe, 31
Arizona, 30, 60
Arkansas, tribe, 27, 64, 70, 75
Assembly, of South Carolina, takes up matter of trade in Indians, 180–185;
of Virginia regarding Indian slaves, 186
Athapascan, hold slaves, 33
Atlantic slope, Indian slavery in, 25
Awanthonks, squaw sachem, 148
Azores, Indians carried to, 125, 127
Bacon, sells captives as slaves, 119;
instigates assembly to legalize enslavement of Indians, 131
Bacon, Lord, sees Indians in England, 154
Bannister, Mr., before Board of Trade, 188
Baptism, of Indian slaves, 88, 89;
relation to freedom, 267–275
Barbadoes, governor of, sends Indians back to Massachusetts, 167;
South Carolina sends Indians to, 202
Barnwell, Colonel, expedition to Florida, 120;
expedition to North Carolina, 122
Barter, 27, 37, (see trade)
Bartram, on Indian slaves, 35, 42
Bellomont, Governor, reports on religious conditions of slaves, 272
Bermudas, Indian slaves carried to, 124, 127, 202
Benezet, Anthony, opposed to Indian slavery, 307
Berkeley, Dean, on decrease of number of Indians, 286;
on Indians as hired servants, 294
Berkeley, Sir William, on conditions in Virginia, 108;
sells Indian captives, 119;
proposes enslavement of Indians, 131;
buys Indian slaves, 301
Bienville, commandant at New Orleans, 28, 64;
orders Canadian French to stop urging Indians to war, 78;
proposes exchanging Indians in West Indies for negroes, 78, 97;
sells Indians to English, 78;
complains of neglect of agriculture in Louisiana, 84;
states that French colonists desire negroes, 97;
arranges peace between Choctaw and Chickasaw, 173
Birth, method of enslavement, 207
Birth-rate, decreased, cause of decline of Indian slavery, 285
Blackfeet, tribe, slavery among, 45
Block Island, slaves in, 110
Blount, Tom, chief, receives Indian captives as slaves as reward for aiding English, 133
Board of Commissioners, appointed by South Carolina to deal with trade in Indians, 181;
attempts to check traders, 183
Board of Trade, reports to, 111, 118
Bossu, journey of, 70
Boston News Letter, beginning of, 218;
advertises runaways, 218
Boston, slaves in, 109, 126, 180, 187, 274, 299;
prohibitions on slaves, 260
Bradford, on number of Indians, 284
Branding, punishment, 261
Bressani, Father, captured by Iroquois, 47
Bristol Parish, Virginia, Indian slaves in, 229
British Columbia, Indian slavery in, 46
Cabo de Santa Elena, Cape, 53
Cabot, Sebastian, kidnaps Indians, 154
Cadadaquiou, tribe, enslaved, 30
Cadillac, report concerning Indian slaves, 78
Cahouita, tribe, enslaved, 75
Calicott, Richard, has Indian slave, 243
California, 33;
missions, 59, 60
Canada, acquisition of, 64;
population of, 93
Capawick (Martha’s Vineyard), 157
Cape Fear, Indians kidnapped, 159, 197
Cape François, Indians sent to, 67, 68
Capitulation of Montreal, 64, 93
Carolina, Indians captured, 29;
Indians exported from, 117;
coureurs de bois sell Indians into, 168;
French idea concerning policy of, 171
Carondelet, Baron, orders slaves to remain with owners, 58
Cartier, kidnaps Indians, 71, 72;
receives Indians as gifts, 79;
uses Indian slaves as guides, 82
Catawba tribe, reduced in numbers, 287
Cenis, tribe, have slaves, 34, 37, 38
Champigny, sends Indians to France, 73
Champlain, given Indians by a chief, 80
Charity, Indian girl given Champlain, 80
Charleston, Indian slaves in, 109, 121, 180
Chat, tribe, enslaved, 29
Cherokee, tribe, abolish slavery, 46;
hostile to English, 136;
treaty with, 136;
demand that English give up enslaved members of their tribe, 137;
sold as slaves, 137;
complain that tribes prey on each other for slaves, 170;
other tribes join with, 287
Chester County, Pennsylvania, Indian slaves in, 116
Chickasaw, tribe, war with French, 69;
slave of Bienville, 86;
prey on tribes for captives to sell, 30, 171;
allies of English, 34, 171;
French try to destroy alliance of, 171;
lose 500 prisoners in ten years, 172;
obtain slaves from distant nations, 172;
French attempt to make them friends of Choctaw, 173;
attack Choctaw, 173;
enslave Shawnee, 173;
armed by English of Virginia, 185
Children, sold for food, 26
Chimmesyan, tribe, 33
Chinook, tribe, slavery among, 46
Chinookan, tribe, 33
Choctaw, tribe, enslave other Indians, 30, 75;
friends of French, 33;
allies of English, 171;
lose 800 prisoners in ten years, 172;
French attempt to make them friends of Chickasaw, 173
Chouman, tribe, 34
Church, sanctions slavery, 48;
missionary labors of, 87
Church, Captain Benjamin, receives Indians to transport, 140;
instructed to go against Indians, 142;
to distribute captives among soldiers, 142;
to receive captives from governor of Rhode Island, 142
Church act, 269
Cibola, 31, 52
Clermont, Sieur Pierre, manumits Indian slave, 95
Clinton, Governor, on Indian slaves in New York, 114;
tries to prevent abuse of apprenticeship, 206
Clothing of slaves, 42, 251–252
Cocheco, seizure of Indians at, 147, 309
Code Noir, 90, 102.
Collacot, Sergeant, agreement of Massachusetts with, 222
Colonists, of Louisiana, character of, 82;
used slave women as mistresses, 82
Columbia River country, Indian slavery in, 33, 45, 46
Columbus, enslaves Indians, 48
Comanche, tribe, 86
Company, of the Indies, 64;
of the West, 102;
of Providence Islands, 125
Compostella, 54
Concessions, negroes on, 102
Congaree, tribe, preys on weaker tribes, 170
Corannine, tribe, destruction of, 287
Cosmé, owns Indian slave, 81
Connecticut, slaves in, 110, 111, 123, 128, 130–131;
act against importing Indians, 189–191;
enslaves Indians as punishment, 206;
restricts Indian slaves, 260;
favors religious instruction of slaves, 275;
exchanges Indian slave for land, 277;
regulates manumission, 281;
regulates action of slaves, 290;
finds Indian slaves unsatisfactory, 291;
hired Indians in, 294;
indentured Indians in, 295
Cooks, hired Indians as, 243;
Indian slaves as, 243
Copper, object of barter, 27
Cornbury, Governor, on fugitive slave law, 221;
helps in conversion of slaves, 268
Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de, 31, 52, 53;
uses Indian slaves as guides, 55
Council, Indian, 40, 42;
grand council of South Carolina sends agents to remove Indian slaves from plantations, 175;
opposed to proprietors, 176
Coureurs de bois, stir up tribes, 64;
purchase Indians, 75, 76, 77, 78, 168;
Indianized Frenchmen, 87;
trade, 96
Cramoisy, on Indian slaves, 86
Creeks, tribe, enslaved by Indians, 121;
other tribes join with, 287
Crows, tribe, slavery among, 45
Cruzat, Lieutenant-governor, proclamation of against enslavement of Indians, 58
Culacut, Steward, desires Indian slaves, 310
Cutler, Reverend Timothy, reports on religious condition of slaves in Boston, 274
Dartmouth, Indians, seized by Plymouth, 146
Davenport, Lieutenant, desires Indian slave, 310;
Reverend John, on Indian slaves, 209
Dealers, in Indians state reasons for traffic, 177
Death, punishment, 261
De Ayllon, cédula issued to, 49;
sends expedition, 53
De Beauharnois, governor of Canada, 94
De Boucherville, journey to Canada, 32
De Bourgmont, 32, 64;
purchases Indians, 74, 80;
sends Indian slaves to New Orleans, 74;
uses slave as interpreter, 82;
uses slaves as bribes and rewards, 86
Decline of Indian slavery, 59, 96–102, 281–319
Deer Island, Indians sent to, 143
De Figueroa, Vasco Porcallo, 52
De la Barre, expedition against Iroquois, 85
De Leon, patent of, 49;
proclamation of, 50
Le Lignery, proposes that tribes exchange slaves, 38
De Louvignery, demands slaves of Fox Indians, 71
De Morfi, Fray Agustin, describes mission, 61
De Narvaez, 51;
collapse of expedition, 53
De Niza, Fray Marcos, 52
Denonville, expedition against Iroquois, 85
Derby, Indian slaves in, 300
Detroit, 38, 75;
slavery in, 93, 99
De Vaca, Cabeza, enslaved, 46;
on Indian slavery, 54
De Vaudreuil, governor-general of Canada, demands slaves from tribes, 70
Disease, cause of decline of Indian slavery, 41, 96, 283, 285
Doagges, tribe, 131
Dongan, Governor, report on religious condition of slaves, 272
Donnés, 66
Dubuisson, 38
Du Chapart, governor of Ft. Rosalie, 67
Dudley, Governor, report on slaves, 109
Duke’s Laws, on baptism of slaves, 272
Du Luth, 38;
expedition, 74;
given Indian slaves, 81;
uses slave as guide, 82
Dunmore, Earl of, authorizes court for trial of slaves, 256
Dunn, pastor of South Carolina parish, to S. P. G. F. P., 267
Du Pont, receives Indian as gift, 80
Dutch, enslave and transport Indians, 112–113
Du Tisné, 28, 31, 73, 74;
mediates peace between Pawnee and Padouca, 31
East Nottingham, Pennsylvania, Indian slaves in, 116
Eliot, John, redeems Indian slaves sold abroad, 128;
hires Indians, 293;
translates Bible, 293;
opposed to Indian slavery, 305;
has Indian slave as tutor, 243
Employment of Indian slaves, 35–39, 55, 83–86, 242–249
Endicot (Endecot), desires Indian slave, 310
England, rival power, 71
Erie, tribe, enslaved, 29
Esaw, tribe, prey on western tribes, 170
Esclavos, Indian community, 25
Esquimaux, enslaved, 28
Eyanoco, chief, has white slaves, 46
Faith, Indian girl given to Champlain, 80
Famine, cause of slavery, 26, 41
Fayal, one of Azores, 125;
Indians carried from Plymouth to, 125;
Indians seized by Laughton carried to, 161
Fishing, employment of Indian slaves, 37
Flathead, tribe, 32
Florida, 27, 29, 30, 48, 51, 52, 59;
free Indians in, 284
Fontaine, Reverend Peter, advocates intermarriage of whites and Indians, 252
Fontanedo, 48
Food, of slaves, 42
Forbes, account of church in Virginia, 269
Fort Carolina, 79
Fort Royal, 119
Fox, tribe, war with French, 69, 71;
valley, 87
France, 66, 71;
Indians carried to, 71, 72;
laws of, 89;
sends indentured white servants to America, 100;
sends negroes to America, 101
Franciscans, 59
Friends, own Indian slaves, 115–116;
opposed to Indian slavery, 307
Friends’ yearly meeting, action on slavery, 116
Freedom, of slaves, 42, 43, 44, 45 (see manumission.)
Fremin, Father, 35
Frobisher, kidnaps Indians, 155
Fugitive slave law, 220;
in articles of confederation of United Colonies, 224
Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, 269
Fur trade, 73, 74;
connected with purchase of slaves from Indians, 168
Galleys, French, Indian slaves in, 73
Gamblers, Indians as, 26
General court, Massachusetts, authorizes enslavement of Indians, 124, 126, 127, 128, 137, 139;
decree regarding retention of male Indian slaves in colony, 145;
Plymouth, 137;
disposes of captives, 139;
decree regarding retention of male Indian slaves in colony, 145;
decree regarding purchase of captive Indian children, 146;
sanctions seizure of peaceable Indians, 146;
disposes of Dartmouth Indians, 146;
Connecticut, orders that Indians who surrender shall not be transported, 149;
arranges to dispose of captives, 149
Georgia, report on, 107;
slaves in, 108
Gibson, bishop of London, declares baptism does not free slaves, 275
Gomez, 51
Gookin, Lieutenant-governor, receives complaint of Indians regarding kidnapping, 162
Goose Creek, parish in South Carolina, 267
Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, patron of Weymouth, 154;
given Indians, 155, 157;
condemns capture of Indians, 158
Great Lakes, 28, 36
Great Plains, 25
Great Sun, chief of Natchez, 68
Green Bay, 38
Grelon, 27
Guns, objects of barter, 27
Haida, tribe, 33
Harley, Captain Henry, brings Indians to Gorges, 157
Harlow, Captain Edward, kidnaps Indians, 157
Hartford, levies on slaves of townsmen, 247
Haskell, pastor of St. Thomas parish, South Carolina, 267
Hatchets, objects of barter, 27
Hawaikuh, 52
Heathcote, to Townsend, 200
Hempstead, Indian slaves in, 114, 201
Hendrickson, finds Indian slaves in Schuylkill River country, 29;
finds white slaves among Mohawk, 47
Hennepin, on slaves among Iroquois, 35
Hispaniola, Indian slaves in, 53
Hobson, Captain, brings two of Hunt’s Indian captives back to America, 158
Hocquart, intendant of Canada, 94
Holman, Ensign, agreement of Massachusetts with, 222
Hope, Indian girl given Champlain, 80
Horse, tribe, 32
Hunt, Captain Thomas, kidnaps Indians, 158
Hunter, Governor, petition to, regarding Spaniards in New York, 318
Hunting, occupation of Indian slaves, 37
Hupa, tribe, 33
Huron, tribe, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 42
Hyde, Governor, on enslavement of Indians, 133
Iberville, baptism of his Indian slave, 89
Illinois, tribe, 27, 28, 29, 31, 37, 38, 64, 70, 80;
area, 32;
Indian slaves in, 93, 102;
negro slaves in, 102
Incle and Yarico, play and opera, 303
Indentured servants, Indians as, 295;
white, 295–297
Indians, as hired laborers, 59;
as apprentices, 196
Indian slaves, among the aborigines, 25–47;
among the Spaniards, 48–62;
among the French, 63–102;
among the English, 102–319;
in the Carolinas, 66–108;
in Georgia, 108;
in Virginia, 108;
in Massachusetts, 109–110;
in Rhode Island, 110;
in Connecticut, 110–111;
in New Hampshire, 111;
in New Netherland, 112–113;
in New York, 113;
in Pennsylvania, 115;
in New Jersey, 116;
in Maryland, 117;
by warfare, 118–153;
war with Stono Indians, 119;
war with Kussoe Indians, 119;
war of Spanish succession, 119;
Tuscarora War, 121;
Pequot War, 123;
King Philip’s War, 125;
Bacon’s rebellion, 131;
disposed of by colonial governments, 132–152;
by kidnapping, 154–167;
by trade, 168–195;
sold by family or tribe, 196;
abuse of apprenticeship, 198–201;
punishment, 201;
birth, 207–210;
considered property, 211–241;
bought and sold, 216;
advertised for sale, 216;
disposed of by will, 216;
runaways advertised, 218, 219;
disputes concerning, settled by court, 225;
personal property, 226;
real property, 226;
regarded as taxables, 227–228;
import and export duties on, 233;
as hunters, fishermen and guides, 242;
employed in fields, 244–245;
in manual occupations, 245;
hired out by owners, 245;
in military occupations, 246–249;
captured by French from English army, 246;
included by implication in legislative acts relating to slaves, 253;
right to testify in court, 254–255;
granted right to life, 255;
prohibitions on, 259, 260;
punishments, 260–264;
religious instruction of, 264–275;
manumission, 57, 94–95, 276–282;
freed by owner, 276;
purchase freedom, 276;
regulation of actions after emancipation, 280;
decline of use of, 283–319;
poor domestics, 288;
implicated in slave disturbances, 289;
included in laws concerning slaves by implication, 290;
values of, 298–302;
less valuable than negroes, 302;
use of, abolished in Virginia, 312;
in South Carolina, 315;
in Rhode Island, 316;
in New York, 317
Iroquois, tribe, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41;
effect on Indian slavery, 117
Ipswich, slaves in, 109, 298
Jenney, Reverend, on Indian slaves, 114, 273
Jesuits, 27, 34, 35, 41, 42;
oppose sale of Indians, 78, 79;
enslaved by Iroquois, 47
Johnson, missionary in South Carolina, on Indian slaves, 121
Johnson, Nathaniel, governor of Carolina, 106;
report on condition of Carolina, 106;
refuses to sell Indian perquisites, 183
Johnson, Robert, governor of Carolina, makes peace between nations, 172
Johnson, William, on Indian slaves in New York, 114
Jolliet, given an Indian, 80
Jones, Reverend Hugh, on baptizing Indian and negro slaves, 271
Jordan, river, 53
Joutel, 37
Judicial decisions recognize children of slave mothers as slaves, 210
Kansas, tribe, 31, 32, 74, 81, 86
Kaskaskia, Indian slaves at, 70, 76, 78;
church records of, 89
Keith, Sir William, owned Indian slaves, 116
Kettles, objects of barter, 27
Kidnapping, 154–167;
contrary to law, 165;
legislation regarding, 166;
Virginia act regarding, 166;
Maryland act regarding, 166;
Massachusetts act regarding, 166;
New Jersey act regarding, 167;
New Hampshire act regarding, 167
Kieft, Governor, requested by United Colonies to return runaway Indian slave, 233
King Blount, chief, North Carolina orders to return runaway Indian slaves, 222;
buys Indians, 302
King Philip, wife and son transported, 127
King Philip’s War, captives, enslaved, 110, 111, 125–131;
ran away, 218;
to receive religious instructions, 273
Kishkakon, tribe, 80
Klamath, tribe, 33
Knives, objects of barter, 27
Kussoe, tribe, war with, 119;
captives sold as slaves, 119, 134
La Harpe, journey in southwest, 30, 73;
seized Indians, 73;
given Indians, 81
La Hontan, 35, 37
La Salle, expedition of, 34, 35;
death of, 47;
urges Illinois against Iroquois, 70;
reports Indian slaves held by French, 75, 77;
advocates enslavement of Indians, 76;
given Indians, 81
Las Casas, opponent of Indian slavery, 65, 304
La Tore, Francis, kidnaps Indians, 162
Laudonnière, given Indians, 79;
intends using slaves as guides, 82
Laughton, John, captures and sells Indians abroad, 161;
indicted for the act, 161
La Vérendrye, 32;
sends Indian slaves to French settlements, 74
Law, customary, recognizes Indian slavery, 212
Leisler, Jacob, grievances against, 114
Le Jau, missionary, 266
La Jeune, 28, 36
Le Page du Pratz, uses Indian slave as cook and interpreter, 83
Le Sueur, given Indians, 81
Levis, parish register of, 88
Little Compton, hired Indians in, 293
Little Sun, chief’s son, sent to West Indies, 68
Long, journal of, 98
Longfellow, Stephen, owns Indian slave, 274
Long Point, parish register of, 88
Louis de la Louisiane, Fort, 90
Louis XIV, edict of, 63;
orders captive Indians sent to France, 85
Louisiana, 57, 59, 64, 67, 77, 82, 83;
church records of, 88;
census of, 91;
report on, 91;
negro slaves in, 101
MacSparran, betters religious condition of slaves in Narragansett, 275
Madeira, Indian slaves in, 163
Maine, Indians from, carried to Massachusetts as slaves, 105;
carried to the Azores, 125
Maine, Thomas, on preying of tribe upon tribe for slaves, 171
Makah, tribe, 43
Mallet, expedition, uses slaves as guides, 82
Mandan, tribe, 43
Manumission of Indian slaves, 57, 94, 195, 276–282
Mantantons, tribe, 81
Marcy, Moses, owns Indian slave, 288
Markham, Governor William, owns Indian slave, 116
Marquette, Father, 27;
given an Indian slave, 80
Marriages, of slaves, 42, 43, 252;
of French and Indians, 87
Martha’s Vineyard, general court grants slaves right of appeal, 257
Maryland, Indian slaves in, 117;
indentured white servants in, 117;
assembly authorizes enslavement of Indians, 132;
act against kidnapping, 166;
decrees children shall follow condition of father, 208;
decrees slavery as condition of slave parents’ children, 209;
recognizes Indian slaves as property, 217;
permits owners to hire out slaves, 246;
forbids marriage of whites and slaves, 253;
permits slaves to testify at trial of slaves, 255;
remunerates owners of executed slaves, 259;
encourages baptism of slaves, 271
Mascoutens, tribe, 38
Mason, John, commander in campaign against Narraganset, 138;
authorized to enslave captives, 138;
on runaway Indian slaves, 218;
declares Pequot captives poor slaves, 288
Massachusetts, Indian slaves in, 123, 124, 126, 187;
exports Pequot captives, 124;
exports other Indians, 126;
act against kidnapping, 166;
act against importation of Indians, 188;
act against exportation of Indians, 188;
act to prevent abuse of apprenticeship, 198;
sentences Indians to slavery as punishment for crime, 202, 203, 205;
remunerates owner for Indian slave taken from him, 225;
courts settle disputed ownership of slaves, 225;
regards Indian slaves as taxables, 230–231;
forbids marriage of whites and negroes or Indians, 252;
provides for slave courts, 261, 262;
regulates sale of spirituous liquor to Indians, 264;
provides religious instruction for captives of King Philip’s War, 273;
remunerates owner for slave taken from him, 279, 280;
provides freedom as reward to slave, 280;
regulates actions of slaves, 290;
legislation shows Indian slaves unsatisfactory, 291;
requires license to hire Indians, 292
Matthews, deputy, removed by proprietors, 174
Mayhew, Experience, regrets lack of religious instruction for slaves, 273;
tells of Indian slave purchasing liberty, 277
Mdewakanton, tribe, 81
Medford, slaves in, 263
Mendoza, viceroy, 31, 52, 53
Menendez, 30, 48;
brings negroes to Florida, 59
Menominee, tribe, 32
Mexico, 26, 34, 56
Miami, tribe, 29
Miantonomo, chief, agreement with Massachusetts, 221
Michigan, Indian slavery in, 33
Middleton, deputy, removed by proprietors of Carolina, 174
Milton, Indian slaves in, 298
Mining, occupation of Indian slaves, 37
Ministry, of the colonies, 91
Minquae, tribe, have white slaves, 47
Miró, governor, frees slaves, 58
Missions, 59, 60, 66
Missionaries, as slave holders, 65, 66, 67;
advocate enslavement of Indians, 76
Missouri, tribe, 32, 33, 64
Mississippi, river, 31, 36;
valley, 92
Mistick Fight, captives enslaved, 123
Mistresses, Indian slaves used as by Indians, 36;
by Spaniards, 55;
by French, 83
Mobile, tribe, held as slaves by French, 75;
settlement, 73, 75;
church records of, 88, 89;
purposes of establishment of, 172
Modoc, tribe, 33
Mohawk, have white slaves, 47
Mohegan, tribe, at war with Narraganset, 138;
hired by English, 294
Monmouth, county, New Jersey, Indian slaves in, 117
Montreal, capitulation of, 64, 93;
slavery in, 92
Montagnais, tribe, 80
Moore, Governor, enslaves and exports Indians, 119, 120, 135;
Colonel, expedition of, to North Carolina, 122;
deputy, removed by proprietors, 174;
forces council to annul election of Moreton as governor, 179;
on traffic in Indians, 179;
employs Indian slaves in fields, 245
Moreton, Governor Joseph, instructed by proprietors not to allow Indians to be carried from South Carolina, 175
Morton, Thomas, hires Indians, 293
Moscoso, leader after Soto’s death, 56;
treatment of slaves, 56
Moseley, Captain, captured Indians, 125
Mountgomry, Sir Robert, advocates use of indentured white servants, 289
Mutilation, punishment, 246
Nairn, Captain, expedition of to Florida, 120
Nanticoke, tribe, war of Maryland with, 132, 133
Narraganset, tribe, Pequot captives given to, 123;
at war with the Mohegan, 138;
campaign against, 138
Narragansett, slaves in, 110, 275;
hired servants in, 294
Nassoni, tribe, 30
Natchez, tribe, friendly with French, 67;
enslaved by French, 67, 68;
English traders purchase slaves from, 173;
enslave Shawnee, 173
Natchitoch, tribe, 30
Natchitoches, 30, 74;
report concerning, 75
Neau, pastor in New York, to S. P. G. F. P., 268
Negroes, use of a cause for decline of Indian slavery, 297, 298
Newbury, Indian slaves in, 298
New England, Indian slaves in, 105, 117, 187;
free Indians in, 283;
Indian slaves die of consumption, 285;
hired Indians in, 293
New England Confederation, decrees slavery as punishment for Indians, 206, 207;
provides for enslavement of Narraganset captives, 207;
orders Indians seized for harboring runaway slaves, 223
New Hampshire, Indian slaves in, 111;
act against importation of Indians, 192–193;
levies import duties on Indians, 236;
grants slaves the right to life, 255;
finds Indian slaves unsatisfactory, 291
New Haven, act against exportation of Indians, 189
New Jersey, Indian slaves in, 116–117, 180, 300;
import duties on Indians, 236;
provides for trial of slaves, 257;
remunerates owners of executed slaves, 258;
punishments for slaves, 261, 262;
act concerning baptism of slaves, 271;
regulates action of freedmen, 280;
regulates manumission, 282;
indentured Indians in, 295
New London, Indian slaves in, 300
New Mexico, missions, 60
New Netherland, Indian slavery in, 112–113
New Orleans, 28, 74;
census of, 91;
report on, 92
Newport, Indians surrender at, 129
New York, Indian slaves in, 113–115, 187;
act to prevent importation of Indians, 193;
abuse of apprenticeship, 200;
decrees slavery as condition of slave mothers’ children, 209;
regards Indian slaves as taxables, 232;
levies import duties on Indians, 238–240;
forbids slaves to testify at trial of whites, 255;
provides for trial of slaves, 257;
decrees that baptism does not free slaves, 272;
regulates actions of freedmen, 280;
regulates manumission, 282;
free Indians in, 284;
regulates conduct of slaves, 290;
indentured Indians in, 295;
abolishes Indian slavery, 317
New York City, permits owners to hire out slaves, 246;
employs Indian slaves in military operations, 247;
restrictions on slaves, 260
Nez Percés, tribe, 33
Niagara, articles of peace drawn up at, 247
North Carolina, Indian slaves in, 36, 133, 301;
runaway Indian slaves, 222;
recognizes Indian slaves as property, 225, 226;
regards Indian slaves as taxables, 227;
forbids marriage of whites and Indians, 253;
forbids slaves to testify in court, 254;
punishments for Indian slaves, 261, 263, 264;
act regarding manumission of slaves, 278;
act regulating conduct of freedmen, 280, 281;
small-pox destroys Indians, 285
Northwest, 25, 27, 33, 36, 37, 39, 42, 85;
Indian slavery in, 45
Northwest Territory, slavery in, 33
Nova Scotia, 51
Oakinacke, tribe, slavery among, 46
Ohio, 29
Okechobee, Lake, 120
Oldmixon, on number of free Indians in New York, 284;
in New Jersey, 285
Old Town Creek, settlement, Indian children enslaved, 197
Opechancanough, chief, 119
Opinion, public, concerning Indian slavery, 303
Ordinance of 1787, 33
Oregon Indians, slavery among, 33, 45
O’Reilly, proclamation of concerning slaves, 58
Ortiz, Juan, enslaved, 46
Osage, tribe, 28, 31, 32, 73, 75
Ottawa, tribe, 27, 28, 32, 35, 36, 37;
area, 66, 70, 80
Ottogami, tribe, 38
Ouacha, tribe, 75
Outaouac, tribe, 32
Padouca, tribe, 31, 32, 86
Palfrey, estimate of number of Indians, 284
Pamunkey, 119
Panis, synonym for Indian slave, 89, 246
Paraguay, 67
Paris, 64, 66, 91
Pariss, Reverend, hires Indians, 293
Parliament, of Great Britain, 64;
of South Carolina, partly in sympathy with proprietors, 176;
of Canada, abolishes slavery, 97
Parris, Alexander, receiver of South Carolina, 202
Pawnee, tribe, 28, 31, 33, 73, 75, 99;
synonym for Indian slave, 32, 64, 93, 99
Payupki, enslavement of Indians of, 38
Pekkemeck, Indians, conceal runaway slaves, 222
Pemaquid, 160, 161
Penn, William, founder of a “free colony,” 115;
letter to Susquehanna, 224
Pennsylvania, kidnapping in, 161;
Indian slaves imported from South Carolina, 180, 187, 194;
acts against importation of Indians, 193–195;
act concerning runaway slaves, 221;
import duties on Indians, 236;
punishments for slaves, 262
Pensacola, English Indians attack, 171
Pequot War, captives, enslaved, 109, 110, 123, 124;
ran away, 218;
agreements to return runaways, 221–222;
unfitted for slaves, 288
Periér, governor of Louisiana, enslaves Natchez Indians, 68;
protests against trade in Indians, 98
Peter, Reverend Hugh, desires Indian slave, 310
Philadelphia, yearly meeting, action on Indian slavery, 308
Pierce, Captain, carries Indian slaves to the Bermudas, 124
Pima, tribe, 30
Pirates, work of, 163, 205
Plymouth, Indian slaves in, 109, 125;
sends Indians to Spain, 125, 126;
sentences Indians to slavery as punishment for crime, 204;
concerning runaway slaves, 224;
frees Indian slaves, 277;
provides remuneration for slave owners, 279;
hired Indians in, 293;
apprenticed Indians in, 295
Pollock, Governor, negotiates sale of Indians, 133
Popham, Lord, patron of Weymouth, 155;
given two Indians, 156
Portsmouth, forbids holding Indian slaves in the town, 152;
Indian slaves in, 299
Portugal, rival power, 71;
Indians carried to, 127
Potawatami, tribe, 38
Powder, object of barter, 27
Powhatan, chief, 36;
Indian freed by Virginia assembly, 186
Praying Indians, enslaved, 128, 143, 144;
hired, 293
Privateers, bring prizes to New Amsterdam, 163
Proprietors, of Carolina, grant privilege of selling Indians in West Indies, 134, 174;
jealous of Governor West, 134;
power broken, 135;
forbid enslavement of Indians, 169;
play double game with reference to Indians, 173;
jealous of colonial officials, 174;
oppose Indian slavery, 175;
forbid Governor Moreton to allow exportation of Indians, 175;
oppose dealers in Indians, 177;
recognize usefulness of enslaving Indian captives, 178;
denounce Governor Moore’s Indian policy, 179;
sanction Indian slavery, 309;
caution West against appointing certain deputies, 174
Protection, to owners’ property in Indian slaves, 221, 222
Providence, island, Indians carried to, 124;
town, Indians surrender at, 129
Pueblo, tribe, 31;
missions, 60
Puritans, of Anne Arundel County, refuse to raise military levy, 133;
missionary scheme concerning Indians, 294
Quakers, at peace with Delaware, 115;
control government of Rhode Island, 129;
affect Indian slavery, 305;
oppose Indian slavery, 307–308
Quebec, 80;
parish register of, 88
Queen Charlotte Island, slave mart, 45
Quincy, slaves in, 109
Rancherias, practically enslave Indians, 61
Ransom, 44
Rappahannock, court, authorizes enslavement of Indians, 131
Rauch, missionary in New York, 162
Raudot, Jacques, intendant, authorizes
Indian slavery, 63;
issues ordinance against slaves’ running away, 99
Reaping, occupation of Indian slaves, 37
Renault, sent to Louisiana, 102
Rhode Island, slaves in, 110, 128–130, 187, 236;
limits bondage of Indians to term of years, 150;
general assembly so orders, 151;
sends Indians back to Plymouth, 151;
Indian slaves brought to from South Carolina, 180;
act against importing Indians, 191, 192;
act to prevent abuse of apprenticeship, 199;
sentences Indians to slavery as punishment, 205;
levies import duties on Indians, 235;
votes to enlist Indian slaves, 248;
religious condition of slaves in, 274;
legislation shows Indian slaves unsatisfactory, 292;
indentured Indians in, 295;
prices of Indian slaves in, 299;
abolishes Indian slavery, 316;
legislation concerning Spanish Indians, 319
Ribaut, instructions from Queen of France, 72;
seizes Indians, 72
Rowlandson, Mrs., taken prisoner by Indians, 47
Roxbury, Indian slaves in, 109
Rye, declares Indian slaves taxables, 232
Saguenay, 72, 79
St. Augustine, 30, 107;
expedition against, 119, 120, 135;
Indians captured at, 285
St. Denis, enslaved by Indians, 47
St. George, manor, Indian slaves in, 114
St. Lawrence, river, 36
St. Miguel, 53
St. Peters, Indian slaves in, 271
St. Thomas, parish, 107
Salem, indentured servants in, 295;
Indians slaves in, 298, 299
Salishan, tribe, 33
San Diego, 60
San Domingo, 102
Sandiford, Ralph, opposed to Indian slavery, 306
Sandwich, Indians in, 147;
court sentences Indians to slavery, 203
Sarrow, tribe, sells Indians in Virginia, 186
Sassacus, chief, 123
Sauk, tribe, 32
Savannah, tribe, prey on other tribes, sell captives, 170;
break treaty, 170;
reduced in numbers, 287
Savoile, owns Indian slaves, 77
Sayle, governor of Carolina, 169
Schuyler, Arient, owns Indian slaves, 114, 217
Schuylkill, river, 29
Seabrook, Fort, Indian captives to be sent to, 138
Seneca, tribe, 29;
carry Indian slave boy from South Carolina, 224
Serpent, Nation of the, 75
Sewall, Samuel, intercedes to prevent enslavement of Indians, 204;
admires marriage of whites and Indians, 253;
on sale of Indians, 298;
opposed to Indian slavery, 305
Sharp, Granville, opposed to Indian slavery, 306
Sharpe, pastor in New York, to S. P. G. T. P., 268
Shawnee, tribe, 29;
enslaved, 173
Shekomeka, Indian town in New York, 162
Short, Elizabeth, purchases Indian, 270
Shrimpton, Mr., quarters Indians on Noddle’s Island, 143
Shurt, Abraham, prevents union of Massachusetts and Maine Indians, 160
Smallcomb, Thomas, owns Indian slaves, 119;
sells Indians, 301
Smith, Captain John, 36;
expedition to New England, 158;
William, owns Indian slaves, 114
Snake, tribe, 32
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, purpose of American missionaries, 265;
allows missionaries to work among slaves, 266;
response to missionaries, 268;
drafts bill to aid conversion of slaves, 268
Sonnagars, tribe, 29
Sonnontuan, tribe, 70
Soto, 31, 37, 49;
lands in Florida, 51;
captures Indians, 52;
a slave owner, 52;
uses Indian slaves as guides, 55;
death, 56
Southampton, hired Indians in, 204
Sowing, employment of Indian slaves, 37
South Carolina, report on, 107;
Indian slaves in, 109, 134–136;
sentences Indians to slavery, 201;
decrees condition of slavery for children of slave mothers, 207;
recognizes Indian slaves as property, 213;
Indian slaves disposed of by will, 217;
act concerning runaway slaves, 221;
esteems slaves as real property, 226;
as taxables, 232;
levies import duties on Indians, 234;
levies export duties on Indians, 240;
permits owners to hire out slaves, 246;
employs slaves in military operations, 247, 248;
rewards Tuscarora for military service by gifts of Indian slaves, 249;
permits slaves to testify, 254;
remunerates owners of executed slaves, 258;
averse to slaves being church members, 269;
directions to traders, 276;
allows Indian slaves to prove right to freedom, 277;
act regulating freedmen, 280;
small-pox destroys Indians, 285;
declares Indian slaves of less value than negroes, 302;
abolishes Indian slavery, 315
South Kingston, slaves in, 110
Southold, Indian apprentices in, 295
Spain, Indians carried to, 51, 125, 126, 158;
rival power, 71
Spanish Indians, in New York, 163;
in New England, 164;
in Pennsylvania, 164;
undesirable, 290
Spanish Main, 48
Spanish Succession, war of, 119, 172
Spiritual welfare of Indians, 59
Spotswood, Governor, to Lord Dartmouth, 198
Sprague, Captain, carries Indian slaves to Spain, 125
Stanton, Captain John, owns Indian slaves, 130
Status, slavery, servitude, 212–216
Statutory recognition of slavery, 212
Steevens, missionary of S. P. G. F. P., 183
Stono, tribe, war with, 106, 119;
captives enslaved, 119, 134
Stoughton, Captain, requests Indian slave, 210
Susquehanna, tribe, carry away Indian slaves from New York, 224;
war with Yoamaco, 286
Swamp Fight, captives enslaved, 123
Swanzey, Indian slave in, 145
Taensa, tribe, Chickasaw obtain slaves from, 173
Taiguragui, chief, 71
Talapoosa, tribe, preys on tribes for captives to sell, 171
Talbot, attorney-general of England, decides that baptism does not free slaves, 275
Talcot, Major John, treasurer of Connecticut, 130
Tampa Bay, 51
Tartary, 27
Terre Haute, slavery in, 92
Terrisse, 81
Thacher, Reverend Peter, owns Indian slaves, 251, 298
Thomas, Samuel, to S. P. G. F. P., 266
Thompson, Indians, slavery among, 46
Tiguex, captured by Coronado, 53, 56
Timucua, tribe, enslaved by English, 121
Tisquantum, captured by Captain Hunt, 158
Tlingit, tribe, 33
Tonti, 28, 38;
urges Illinois against Iroquois, 69;
advocates enslavement of Indians, 76;
given Indians, 81
Toungletat, Indian slavery among, 45
Trade, leading employment of French-American colonists, 87;
means of obtaining Indian slaves, 168–195
Treasurer, of colony, authorized to sell Indians, 139, 140, 148
Treatment, of Indian slaves, 39–42, 55–57, 86–92, 250, 282;
not different from treatment of negroes, 250
Tusayan, tribe, enslave Indians of Payupki, 38
Tuscarora, war, captives enslaved, 121, 122, 133;
cause of, 197;
Indians, runaway, 222
Uncas, chief, exchanges land for Indian slave, 277
United Colonies of New England, authorize enslavement of Indians, 138;
recognize property rights in Indian slaves, 222;
letter to Governor Kieft, 223
Ute, tribe, slavery among, 45, 46
Vancouver Island, Indian slavery on, 45
Verrazano, kidnaps Indians, 71
Vesey, Reverend, on Indian slaves in New York, 114
Vincennes, church records of, 89;
slavery at, 92
Virginia, Indian slaves in, 30, 108, 118, 119, 127, 180, 187, 271, 301;
assembly authorizes transportation and sale of Indians, 131–132;
act against kidnapping Indians, 166;
early trade with Indians, 185;
policy regarding enslavement of Indians, 185;
act against enslavement of Indian children, 198;
sentences Indians to slavery, 202–203;
act concerning runaway slaves, 221;
regards Indian slaves as taxables, 227–230;
levies import duties on, 235, 237;
forbids marriage of free whites and Indian slaves, 252;
decrees child of an Indian to be a mulatto, 254;
forbids slaves to testify in court except at trial of slaves, 255;
provides special courts for trial of slaves, 256;
votes to educate Indian servants, 270;
legally designates slaves in 1670, 270;
repeals act of 1670, 272;
requires registration of slaves, 271;
act concerning manumission of slaves, 278, 279;
regulates actions of freedmen, 280;
decrease in number of Indians, 286;
requires license to hire Indians, 292;
indentured Indians in, 295;
abolishes Indian slavery, 312;
supreme court decision regarding abolition of Indian slavery, 313
Voyageurs, 64
Waineoke, King of, sells Indian to Elizabeth Short, 270, 301
Wakashan, tribe, 33
Waldron, Major, seizes Indians at Cocheco, 147;
issues warrants for seizure of Indians, 161;
indicted for stealing and selling Indians, 161
Wallawalla, river, 33
Wampum, 35, 37
Waniah, tribe, at war with South Carolina, 177
Washington, General George, proposes to enlist slaves, 248
West, Governor, sells Indians as slaves, 119, 134;
removed from office by proprietors, 174;
cautioned by proprietors against appointing certain deputies, 174
West Indies, 78;
Indians carried to, 68, 97, 119, 124, 127, 133–134, 169, 180, 185, 202, 302
West Virginia, slave courts in, 256
Western Company, charter of, 101;
imports negroes into Louisiana, 101
Westo, tribe, sell captives to English, 170;
break treaty, 170;
sell Indians to Carolina planters, 175;
reduced in numbers, 287
Wethersfield, Indian slave in, 300
Wetmore, on opposition of owners to baptism of slaves, 273
Weymouth, kidnaps Indians, 155
Whipping, punishment, 262–263
Willard, Lieutenant, agreement of Massachusetts with, 222
Williams, Roger, on Indian slavery, 304;
requests an Indian slave, 310
Winthrop, John, owns an Indian slave, 216;
on number of free Indians, 248;
obtains licenses to employ Indians, 292
Wisconsin, 27, 32, 38, 94
Yamasee, tribe, 30
Yanan, tribe, 33
Yaqui, tribe, enslaved, 54
Yazoo, tribe, enslave Shawnee, 173
Yeamans, Sir John, chosen by proprietors to succeed West as Governor, 174
Yoamaco, tribe, war with Susquehanna, 286
Yorke, solicitor-general of England, decides that baptism does not free slaves, 275
Yuma, tribe, 30