INDEX.

A

Abstract and concrete, relations of, 174.

Actions, voluntary and involuntary, 319.

Analogies of the rudest societies to the lowest forms of life, 398, 402.

Analogies of function between living beings and societies, 410.

Annulosa, structure of compared to that of nations, 408, 422.

Anthropomorphism, necessity of, 422.

Architectural ideas, origin of, 439.

Architecture, relationship to natural objects, 435; illustrations of, 435-437; town, why symmetrical, 435; country, why irregular, 437.

Arts, interconnexion of, 187.

Astronomic influences upon climate produce breaks in geological succession, 356.

Automatic actions of men and governments, 426.

Australia, fauna of, 350.

B

Bain "On the Emotions and Will," estimate of, 302.

Beauty, its evolution from utility, 429, 433.

Beliefs, how to judge of them, 442.

Bow, derivation of the, 78.

Breaks in the geological record, Hugh Miller upon, 355; produced by astronomic causes, 356; by re-distributions of land and sea, 359.

Buildings related to landscape, 438; cause of incongruities in, 438; relation unintentional, 439.

C

Cambrian rocks, inference from their thickness, 366.

Calculus, origin of, 158.

Castles, built with no reference to art, 430.

Cause, single, produces more than one effect, 32; illustrated in geological phenomena, 35; in chemical, 40; in organic evolution, 42; in social progress, 50; in use of locomotive engine, 53.

Central America, effects of subsidence of, 38.

Centrifugal force and condensation, 287.

Cerebrum, analogy of to houses of parliament, 423, 426.

Circulation in animal bodies and bodies politic, 410, 411; rates of movement in, 417; of money and blood-discs, 414.

Classifications of science, progress of, 183; what they indicate, 125; Oken's, 125; Hegel's, 128; Comte's, 131; serial arrangement vicious, 144.

Classification, the mental process in, 147; advances with rationality, 157; how it has aided science, 182; of the cognitions, 321; of the feelings, 323; in Psychology, for the present must be provisional, 300, 301.

Climate, changes in, produced by astronomic rhythm, 356; by re-distributions of land and sea, 359.

Comets, formation of, 256; orbits of, 258; distribution of, 259, 261.

Common knowledge, nature of, 117; relation of, to science, 118, 122.

Comte's hierarchy of the sciences, 131.

Consciousness, mystery of, 197.

Condensation of nebula, 250.

Contrast, its relation to beauty, 432.

Creeds suited to the age that holds them, 441, 443.

Curtsy, origin of, 79.

D

Densities of the planets, 278-280.

Development hypothesis, neither proved nor disproved by Paleontology, 367, 376; defense of, 379.

Direct creation inconceivable, 378; no examples of, 377; origin of the notion, 383.

E

Earth, internal constitution of, 290.

Earth's crust, 5; contraction of, 35.

Ectoderm social and embryonic, 419.

Education, bearing of evolution of science upon, 193.

Emotions in animals, genesis of, 315.

Emotional language, 232; importance of, 235, 238.

Engine, locomotive, results of invention of, 53.

Equality, origin of notion of, 152,158; of things and relations, 153.

Evolution of the emotions, 311.

Evolution of governmental and nervous structures, 420.

F

Fashion, origin of, 90; corruption of, 91.

Feeling and action, relation of, 199, 208.

Feeling, mystery of, 197; effects of surplus in producing laughter, 201; why it disturbs the intellect, 207.

Feeling a stimulus to muscular action, 211, 220; shown in loudness of voice, 215; in quality or timbre, 215; in pitch, 216; in intervals, 217; in variability of pitch, 219; relation of, to vocal sounds in ourselves, 220; in others, 220; causes prostration, 222; classification of the feelings, 323.

Feejee islanders, penitent meeting among, 444.

Final cause, 262, 272, 275, 293.

Fossils as tests of age and position, 339, 347.

Function of music, 231-235.

G

Generalizations, premature, use of, 323; as seen in history of Astronomy, 326; in Geology, 327.

Genesis of new emotions in civilization, 313; in animals, 315.

Geological evidence, value of, 8.

Geologic "systems," are they universal? 335-339.

Geometry, origin of, 158, 167.

God, origin of the conception of, 65.

Gothic architecture, source of, 435, 436.

Government, rise of, 12, 69, 92; three-fold nature of, 13, 65, 83; separation of civil from religious, 69; early need of severe, 85; progressive amelioration of, 88; course of all, 114; results from national character, 387.

Great men, relation of to social changes, 388.

Greek and Roman architecture, derivation of, 435.

H

Heathen theologies, estimate of, 44.

Heat of heavenly bodies, source of, 292.

Hegel's classification of philosophy, 128.

History as commonly studied, small, value of, 385.

Hobb's parallelism of society and the human body, 389.

Homogeneous, change of to heterogeneous, 3; seen in genesis of solar system, 3; in phenomena of earth's crust, 5; in the advance of life in general, 7; in the progress of man, 10; in growth of civilization, 12; in government, 13; in language, 17; in painting and sculpture, 20; in poetry, music, and dancing, 24; cause of this universal change, 32.

Hutton's geological system, 327; contrast of the modern with, 330.

Hydra compared with primitive tribes, 401, 407, 412, 420.

Hydrozoa, analogies of, 401, 403, 412.

I

Industrial organization, 385.

Industrial arrangements, development of compared with that of the alimentary organs, 410.

Insensible modifications effect great changes, 379; illustrated by geometrical curves, 318; by physiological development, 382.

Internal structure of sun and planets, 281-286.

K

King's councils compared to ganglia, 421, 423.

Knowledge, experience the source of all, 126; relations of various kinds of, 167.

L

Language, differentiation of, 17; origin of written, 18; origin of verbal, 149; origin of emotional, 220.

La Place's theory of planetary evolution, 263-265.

Laughter, common explanations of, 194; movements in, 200; groups of muscles successively affected in, 201; caused by incongruities, 203; facilitates digestion, 207.

Law, origin of, 70.

Likeness and unlikeness, recognition of, the basis of classification, 147; the basis of language, 149; of reasoning, 150; of art, 151; leads to science, 152.

Logic, how evolved, 158.

Lyell, Sir Charles, criticism upon, 338, 342.

M

Man, progress of, 10.

Manners, genesis of, 77; decline of the influence of, 89; conformity in manners leads to extravagance, 99; conformity in, decreases social intercourse, 100; defeats the true end of social life, 102, 107.

Mathematics, how evolved, 158.

Mechanics, rise of science of, 168.

Mineral qualities of rocks untrustworthy tests of age or position, 332.

Miller Hugh, estimate of, 352.

Motion of nebulous matter, 251-253.

Morality, origin of, 70.

Muscular movements, cause of, 195; arrested by feeling, 199; in laughter purposeless, 201; of animals when excited, 211; variations of, produce changes of voice, 214.

Music, increasing heterogeneity of, 26; relation of mental to muscular excitement, the source of, 214; theory of, 221-224; its history confirms the theory, 224-228; negative proof of theory of, 228-231.

Murchison Sir R. I., criticism upon his "Siluria," 332, 340, 363, 366.

N

Nebula, are they parts of our siderial system? 243, 249; condensation of, 250; motion in, 251; significance of forms of, 254; structure of spiral, 254.

Nebular hypothesis, 3, 34; its high derivation, 239; it explains cometary phenomena, 262.

Negative facts in geology, small value of, 362-365.

Nervous system, effects of excitement in, 195; directions of discharge of excitement in, 197; course of discharge unguided by purpose, 201.

Number, origin of conception of, 154.

O

Oken's classification of knowledge, 125.

P

Painting and sculpture, origin of, 20.

Paleontology neither proves nor disproves development, 367, 376.

Picturesque, meaning of, 433.

Planetoids, origin of, 289.

Plato's model republic, central idea of, 388.

Previsions and ordinary knowledge, 117; previsions known as science, 118; common and scientific, 123; when quantitative arose, 158; increase in precision, 171.

Primary divisions of a germ and of a society, 404-407.

Progress, current meaning of, 1; present inquiry concerning, 2; law of progress exemplified in the genesis of solar system, 3; in the phenomena of the earth's crust, 5; in the advance of life in general, 7; in the history of man, 10; in the growth of civilization, 12; in government, 13; in language, 17; in painting and sculpture, 20; in poetry, music, and dancing, 24; statement of the principle which determines progress of every kind, 32; the principle of progress illustrated in geological phenomena, 35; in chemical, 40; in organic evolution, 42; in social advancement, 50; in use of locomotive engine, 54; this principle does not explain things in themselves, 58; progress of science, 141; of astronomical discovery, 165, 171.

Progress of animals and societies in forming channels of communication, 416.

Psychology, relation of English thought to, 301; classification in, for the present, must be provisional, 300, 301.

R

Reasoning, nature of, 150; basis of, 154; advances with classification, 157.

Reformers, eccentricities of, 61; why necessary, 93; not selfish, 95, 97; difficulties of social, 110.

Reform, how is it to be effected? 111.

Religion aided by inquiry, 58.

Religious ideas, account of primitive, 66.

S

Saturn, rings of, 276.

Satellites, distribution of, 272-276.

Savage men need a savage deity, 443.

Science, limits of, 58; definition of, 119; when complete, 120; test of the depth of, 122; slow growth of, 123; duplex progress of, 141; ultimate analysis of exact, 160.

Sciences, early simultaneous advance of, 165; not independent of each other, 186; aid each other by analogies, 181; mutual influence of modern, 178.

Sculpture and painting, origin of, 20.

Solar System, movements of planets on their axes in, 267-271.

Strata now forming, lithological differences in, 347; differences in the order of superposition of, 348; differences in the organic remains of, 349.

Societies and individual organisms, points of agreement between, 391-393; differences of, examined, 393-397.

Social intercourse, philosophy of, 105.

Social changes, true source of, 386.

Spectrum analysis, 295.

Spiral nebula, 255.

Steam-engine, multiplied effects of, 53.

Sun, constitution of, 294, 296; relation of plane of its equator to plane of planetary orbits, 266.

T

Telegraph wires, comparison of to nerves, 427.

Titles, derivation of, 72; depreciation of, 74.

Truth, ultimate test of, 130.

U

Useful passes into the beautiful, 430, 433.

V

Voice, cause of loudness of, 215; cause of quality of, 215; of pitch of, 216; intervals in, 217; variability of the pitch of, 219.

Voluntary and involuntary actions, 319.

W

Werner's system of Geology, 328; contrast of, with the modern system, 330.

THE END.