INDEX

Adolescence, the self in, 169

Affectation, 173 ff, 320

Altruism, 4, 90; in relation to egoism, 92 ff, 115, 188 ff, 344 ff

Ambition, 275 f

Americanism, unconscious, 36

Anger, development of, 232 ff; animal, 240

Anglo-Saxons, cantankerousness of, 268; idealism of, 288

Antipathy, 233 ff

Appreciation, necessary to production, 59

Art, creative impulse in, 57; personal symbols in, 71 ff; mental life a work of, 123 f; plastic, mystery in, 316 f; as idealization, 363

Ascendency, personal, 283–325

Asceticism, 154, 223

Augustine, St., 218

Aurelius, Marcus, on freedom of thought, 35; self-feeling of, 218

Author, an, as leader, 303 ff

Authority, personal, in morals, 353 ff, 384. See also Leadership

Baldwin, Prof. J. M., 15; on social persons, 90; 176, 271, 286

Bastien-Lepage, 355

Belief, ascendency of, 310 f, 317 f

Beowulf, on honor, 209 f

Bismarck, 254; ascendency of, 298, 302

Blame, nature of, 289

Blowitz, M. de, 298

Body, relation of, to the self, 144 f, 163

Booth, Charles, 276

Brotherhood, extension of the sense of, 114 f

Brown, John, 377

Browning, 316

Bryant, Sophie, on antipathy, 235

Bryce, Prof. James, 38, 309

Burke, Edmund, 202, 302 f

Burroughs, John, on the physiognomy of works of genius, 74

Cæsar, as a personal idea, 99

Cant, 320

Casaubon, Mr., 224 f

Chagrin, 241

Charity, 238, 336. See also Altruism, Right

Chicago, aspect of the crowd in, 37

Child, Theodore, 355

Child, a, unlovable at birth, 45

Children, imitation in, 19 ff; sociability of, 45 ff; imaginary conversation of, 52 ff; study of expression by, 62 ff; growth of sentiment in, 79 ff; development of self in, 142, 146; use of “I” by, 157 ff; reflected self in, 164 ff; anger of, 232 f; hero-worship of, 279; ascendency over, 289 f; habitual morality in, 340 f; moral growth of, 349 ff; causes of degeneracy in, 378 ff; what constitutes freedom for, 393 f, 398, 401; spoiled, 403

406China, organization of, 399

Chinese, European lack of moral sense regarding, 362

Choice, in relation to suggestion, 14–44; as an organization of social relations, 16 f; practical limitations of, 31 ff; is exhausting, 33 f

Christ, self-feeling of, 142; indignation felt by, 247; as leader, 323; as moral authority, 353

“Christian’s Secret of a Happy Life,” 34

Church, inculcation of personal authority in the, 353; freedom in the, 398, 403

City life, effect upon sympathy, 112 f

Classification of minds as stable or unstable, 186 f, 200 ff, 382 f

Collectivism, 4

Columbus, 269, 306

Communicate, the impulse to, 56 ff

Communication, of sentiment, 104 f; effect of modern, 114; influence of means of, 361, 365, 399

Communion, as an aspect of society, 102–135

Competition, 252, 256 f

Confession, 54, 356 f

Conformity, 262 ff

Conscience, 12, 180, 202, 239, 249, 258; social aspect of, 326–371; voice of, 328; individual and social aspects of, 346 f; in degeneracy, 383 ff; is the test of freedom, etc., 396. See also Right

Conservatism, 273

“Continued Stories,” 366 f

Controversy, 243

Conversation, imaginary, 52 ff, 359, 361

Country life, effect upon sympathy; 112

Creeds, the nature and use of, 370

Crime, 252; as degeneracy, 379, 385 ff; and insanity, 387 ff

Criminal impulses, nature of, 380 f

Cromwell, 302

Crowds, suggestibility of, 40

Crowd-feeling, 291 f

Culture, relation of, to social organization, 117 f

Dagnan, 355

Dante, 31 f, 188

Darwin, Charles, 66, 68, 165, 177, 190, 243, 279; power as a writer, 304; 323, 374

“Das ewig Weibliche,” 171, 312

Degeneracy, from too much choice, 39, 125; self-feeling in, 229 ff; personal, 372–391; incidental to freedom, 403 f

Delusions of greatness and of persecution, 229 f

Democracy of sentiment, 114

Descartes, seclusion of, 197

Determinism, 4

Dialogue, composing in, 55 f

Diaries, as intercourse, 57; moral effect of, 356 f

Dill’s “Roman Society,” 312

Discipline, in relation to freedom, 396 f

Disraeli, B., 219, 315

Divorce, increase of, incidental to freedom, 403

Double causation theory of society, 9 f

Dreams, as imaginary conversation, 54

Duplicity, 234

Duty, sense of, 338 f, 343, 360

Education, culture in, 117 f; as freedom, 398, 401. See also Children

Ego, the empirical, 136; the metaphysical, 136, 163; 407and alter in morals, 343 ff

Egoism, 4; and altruism, 92 ff, 188 ff, 344 ff

Egotism, 92, 179 ff; as a mental trait, 186 ff; varieties of, 186 ff; as degeneracy, 382 f

Element of society, 134

Eliot, George, 178, 224, 263, 314, 354

Eloquence, 301 ff

Emerson, E. W., 367

Emerson, R. W., 6, 57, 120, 128, 174, 211, 243, 266, 269, 287, 294, 295, 335, 365, 367

Emulation, 262–282

Endogenous minds, 200 f, 383

Environment, 271; and heredity, 378 f. See also Suggestion

Equilibrium mobile of conscience, 335

Ethics, physiological theories of, 208 f. See also Conscience, Right

Evolution, 9, 13, 18, 145; in relation to leadership, 322; to degeneracy, 373 ff

Exhaustion, causes suggestibility, 41

Exogenous minds, 200 f, 382

Experience, social, is imaginative, 105 f

Expression, facial, 62 ff; vocal, 66 f; interpretation of, 68 f; suggestion of, in literature and art, 71 ff

Eye, expressiveness of, 62 f; in literature, 73

Face. See Expression

Fame, often transcends the man, 307 f

Family, freedom in the, 403

Fear, of animals, 66; social, 258 ff

Feeling. See Sentiment

Fitzgerald, Edward, seclusiveness of, 400

Forms, used to maintain ascendency, 319

Fox, Charles, 302 f

Fra Angelico, 248, 353

Francis, St., 47

Free will, 4, 18 ff, 32

Freedom, 392–404; definition of, 393, 395

Friendship, 120 f

Frith’s “Autobiography,” 76

Games, athletic, 256

Genius, 11, 106, 169, 188; disorders of self incident to, 228 f, 237, 266, 321 ff. See also Leadership

Gibbon, Edward, 273

Gibson, W. H., 306

Giddings, Prof. F. H., on imitation, 27

Gloating, 143

God, as love, 126 f; appropriated, 155; as ideal self, 214; idea of, 281 f, 370 f. See also Religion

Gods, famous persons partake of the nature of, 308

Goethe, on individuality in art, 33; on the composition of “Werther,” 55; personality in his style 75; 121, 122, 132, 150, 194, 196, 204, 211, 241, 254, 266, 279, 312, 316, 392

Gothic architecture, rise of, 37

Grant, General, 41, 76; ascendency of, 299 f, 315

Gummere, F. B., 210

Guyau, on the onward self, 335 f

Habit, limits suggestibility, 42; in relation to the self, 155; to the sense of right, 337 ff, 348

Hall, President G. Stanley, 73; on the self, 163; 259

Hamerton, P. G., 196, 317

Hamlet, use of “I” in, 145

Hatred, 253

408Hazlitt, W., 253

Hedonizing, instinctive, 61

Herbert, George, 155

Hereditary element in sociability, 50

Hereditary tendency, 284 ff

Heredity, as a cause of degeneracy, 375, 378 ff

Hero-worship, 213, 278 ff, 286 f

Heroism, 339

Honor, 207 ff

Hope, ascendency of, 310 f

Hostility, 232–261

Howells, W. D., 301

Hugo, Victor, 229

Humility, 212 ff

Huxley, Thomas, 242 f, 305

Hysterical temperament, 344, 382 f

“I,” in relation to love, 129 ff; the reflected or looking-glass, 152 f, 164 ff, 175, 178, 211, 216 f, 349 ff; meaning of, 136–178; exists within the general life, 147 ff; as related to the rest of thought, 150 f, 156; is rooted in the social order, 153 ff; how children learn the meaning of, 157 ff; various phases of, 179–231; use of in literature and conversation, 190 ff; in self-reverence, 211; in leadership, 294

Ideal persons, as factors in conscience, 362 ff; of religion, 280 ff, 368 ff

Idealism, ascendency of, 310

Idealization, 272, 362 ff

Ideas, personal. See Personal ideas

Idiocy, congenital, 379; as mental degeneracy, 381 f

Idiots, kindliness of, 51 f, 125

Imaginary conversation, of children, 52 f; all thought is, 53 ff

Imaginary playmate, 52 f

Imagination, in relation to personal ideas, 81 ff, 98 ff; the locus of society, 100; social, a requisite to power, 107; narrowness of, in egotism, 183; essential to goodness, 359

Imitation, 14 ff; in children, 19 ff; not mechanical, 23 ff; by parents, 25; in relation to smiling, 47 f, 64, 71, 262, 266, 271; the doctrine of objectionable, 272; 310, 337

Imitative instinct, the supposed, 25 ff

Immortality, self-feeling in the idea of, 155

Imposture, 318 ff

Indifferentism, 389

Indignation, 239, 249 ff

Individual, the, in relation to society, 1–13, 324 f, 393; as a cause, 321 ff; and social, in morals, 342 ff

Individualism, 4 ff, 8, 10

Individuality, Goethe’s view of, in art, 33

Industrial system, effect of upon the individual, 118 f

Insane, reverence for the, 314

Insanity, in relation to sympathy, 110; the self in, 229 f; and crime, 387 ff

Instincts, whether divisible into social and unsocial, 12 f

Institution, ideal persons may become an, 369

Institutions, in relation to sympathy, 133

Intercourse, relation to thought, 61

Interlocutor, imaginary, drawn from the environment, 59 f

Invention, 271 f, 337. See also Imitation

Involuntary, the, why ignored, 30 f. See also Will

Isolation of degenerates, 391

409James, Henry, 183, 236, 314

James, Prof. William, on social persons, 90; on the self, 138; 143, 276, 288, 359

Jerome, St., 154

Jowett, Prof., 279

Justice, the sentiment of, 91; based on sympathy, 108; relation to love, 127; 236, 352, 366

Kempis, Thomas à, 34, 128, 155, 214, 218, 220, 226

Lamb, Charles, 76, 192; literary power of, 306

Language involves an interlocutor, 56. See also Expression

Leader, mental traits of a, 293 ff; does he really lead? 321

Leadership, 108, 175, 283–325

Learoyd, Mabel W., 366

Lecky, W. H., 223

Leonardo, mystery of, 316

Likeness and difference in sympathy, 120 f

Lincoln, 83

Literature, creative impulse in, 57; personal symbols in, 73 ff; self-feeling in, 194; ascendency in, 303 ff; mystery in, 315

Lombroso, Prof. Cesare, 229

Love, of the sexes, 121 f; and sympathy, 124 ff; scope of, 126 f; nature of, 127 ff; Thomas à Kempis and Emerson on, 128; two kinds of, 129 ff; and self, 129 ff; 155 ff, 195; as a social ideal, 247 f; of enemies, 251; 309, 312

Lowell, J. R., 141 f, 265, 269, 402

Luther, Martin, 180 f, 318

Lying, in relation to sympathy, 110, 358 f

M., a child of the author, 24, 27, 49, 62 ff, 157 ff, 166 f, 349 ff

Macaulay, physiognomy in his style, 77

Machinery, effect of, upon the workman, 118 f

Maine, Sir Henry, 264

Man of the world, traits of the contemporary, 255

Manners, conformity in, 263; as an aid to ascendency, 319

Marshall, H. R., 331

Material bent of our civilization, 37, 402

Maudsley, Dr., on degeneracy, 381

Meredith, George, 182

Michelangelo, 76, 310, 353

Middle Ages, suggestibility in the, 36

Milieu, power of the, 34 ff

Milton, 73

Moltke, silence of, 315

Monasticism, in relation to the self, 222 f, 227 f

Montaigne, on the need to communicate, 56; 76, 191, 192

Moore, K. C., on the smiling of infants, 46

Morality, traditionary, 338 ff. See also Conscience, Right

Motley, J. L., 73 f

Murder, 386

Music, sensuous mystery of, 317

Mystery, a factor in ascendency, 312 ff

Nansen, 269

Napoleon, how we know him, 86; ascendency of, 296; place in history, 324

New Testament, 142, 215, 245

Nirvana, the ideal of disinterested love, 130

Non-conformity, 262 ff

Non-resistance, doctrine of, 245 ff

Norsemen, motive of, 273

Norton, Prof. C. E., 37

410“One,” use of, compared with “I,” 192 f

Onward, right as the, 334 ff

Opposition, personal, its nature, 95 f; spirit of, 267 ff

Oratory, ascendency in, 301 ff

Organization, of personal thought, 51; effect of upon the individual, 115 ff; or vital process, problem of, 333

Originality, 322 ff. See also Genius, Leadership, Invention

Other-worldism, 222

Painting, personal symbols in, 72. See also Art, Expression

Papacy, symbolic character of, 308 f

Particularism, 4

Pascal, 218, 222

Passion, why a cause of pain, 253 f; influence upon idea of right, 330 f

Pater, Walter, 304

Patten, Prof Simon N., 244

Paul, St., 218

Perez, Dr. B., 46; on the eye, 62 f; 232, 350

Personal authority, influence upon sense of right, 353 ff

Personal character, interpretation of, 67, 70

Personal ideas, 62 ff; sensuous nucleus of, 69 ff; sentiment their chief content, 81 ff, 104; compared to a system of lights, 97 f; affect the physical organism, 99 f; affect the sense of right, 348 ff

Personal symbols in art and literature, 71 ff

Persona, real and imaginary, inseparable, 60 f; incorporeal, their social reality, 88; social, interpenetrate one another, 90 ff; ideal, as factors in conscience, 362 ff; ideal, of religion, 280 ff, 368 ff

Philanthropy, motive of, 269 f

Pioneer, self-feeling of the, 268

Pity, is it altruism? 94 f; relation to sympathy, 102 f; 238

Power, based on sympathy, 107 f; idea of, 290; advantage of visible forms of, 291 f. See also Ascendency

Prayer, as personal intercourse, 357

Pretence, contempt of, in America, 300

Prevention of degeneracy, 390 f

Preyer, W., 27, 46

Pride, 199 ff

Primitive individualism, 10

Principle, moral, 338 f

Process, social, imitation, etc., as, 272; vital, problem of, 333

Processes, social, reflected in sympathy, 119 ff

Progress, relation of, to freedom, 396

Publicity, moral effect of, 356 ff

Punishment, 252, 384, 390

R., a child of the author, 21 ff, 28, 49 f, 51, 53, 158 ff, 341, 351

Rational, right as the, 326 ff

Recapitulation theory of mental development, 21

Refinement, as affecting hostility, 237

Religion, suggestibility in, 42, 43; self-feeling of founders of, 181; self-discipline in, 214 f, 219 ff; as hero-worship, 280 ff; mediæval, 309; mystery in, 317; ideal persons of, 368 ff

Remorse, 253, 329, 368, 385 f

Repentance, 368

Resentment, 199, 212, 237 ff

Resistance, imaginative, 245 ff

Responsibility, in crime, etc., 388 f

Right, based on sympathy, 108 ff; relation to egotism, 184; to the 411self in general, 189; social standards of, as affecting hostility, 256 ff; as the rational, 326 ff; conscience the final test of, 333 f; as the onward, 334 ff; as habit, 337 ff, 348; as a phase of the self, 342 f; the social as opposed to the sensual, 347 f; action of personal ideas in forming the sense of, 348 ff; as a microcosm of character, 353; reflects a social group, 360 ff; and wrong, 372 ff; idea of, 377; freedom as, 393 ff

Riis, Jacob A., 361

Rivalry, 274 ff

Roget’s “Thesaurus,” 198

Roman Empire, 312, 399

Rousseau, 237, 260

Rule of conduct, Marshall’s, 331

Ruskin, 317

Russia, 399

Sanity, based on sympathy, 110

Savonarola, physiognomy of, 314

Schiller, 113, 121

Science, and faith, 308; cant of, 320; moral, limits of, 334; physical, 402

Sculpture, personal symbols in, 72 f

Seclusion, moral effect of, 358

Secretiveness, 59, 196

“Seeing yourself,” 367 f

Selection, in sympathy, 122 ff

Selective method of nature, 373 f

Self, in relation to other personal ideas, 91 ff, 98; antithesis with “other,” 115, 188 ff; in morals, 365 f; in relation to love, 129 ff, 155 ff, 195; social, 136–231; observation of in children, 157 ff; the narrow or egotistical, 185; every cherished idea is a, 185; reflected or looking-glass, 152 f, 164 ff, 175, 178, 211, 216 f; influence of upon conscience, 349 ff; maladies of the social, 215 ff; transformation of, 224 ff; effect of uncongenial environment upon, 227 ff, 245, 320; crescive, 335; ethical, 342 f; ideal social, 359, 366 ff

Self-control, 254

Self-feeling, 137 ff; quotations illustrating, 141 f; of reformers, etc., 181; intense, essential to production, 193 ff; control of, 217 ff; in mental disorder, etc., 229 f; in non-conformity, 267

Self-image as a work of art, 207

Self-neglecting, 195

Self-reliance, 294 ff

Self-respect, 205 ff, 238

Self-reverence, 211 ff

Self-sacrifice, 190, 336. See also Humility, Altruism

Selfishness, nature of, 179 ff; as a mental trait, 186 ff

“Sense of other persons,” 176

Sensual, as opposed to the social, 347 f

Sensuality, 182

Sentiment, personal, genesis of, 79 ff; is differentiated emotion, 80; in personal ideas, 81 ff; relation to persons, 83; more communicable than sensation, 104 f; moral, 327 ff; 389

Sentiments, as related to selfishness, 182; literary, 361

Seven deadly sins, 381

Sex, in sympathy, 121 f; in the self, 171 ff

Shakespeare, 11, 73, 76; on the genesis of sentiment, 80 f, 103, 106, 141, 145, 148, 188, 195, 210, 255, 282

Shame, fear of, 260 f; sense of, 350

“Sheridan’s Ride,” 292

Sherman, General, 299

412Shinn, Miss, 167

Sidis, Dr. B., 36

Sidney, Sir Philip, 83

Silence, fascination of, 314 f

Simplicity, 174

Sin, 376, 381

Sincerity in leadership, 317 ff

Slums, 379

Smiles, earliest, 45 ff; interpretation of, 64 f

Sociability and personal ideas, 45–101

“Social,” meanings of the word, 3 f

Social faculty view, 11 f

Social groups, sensible basis of the idea of, 77; relation of to the individual, 114

Social order, reflected in sympathy, 111 ff; freedom in relation to, 397 ff

Social reality, the immediate is the personal idea, 84

Socialism, 4 ff, 90

Society, and the individual, 1–13, 134 f, 324 f; in morals, 342 ff, 393; is primarily a mental fact, 84; is a relation among personal ideas, 84; each mind an aspect of, 84 f; the idea of, 85; must be studied in the imagination, 86 ff; is the collective aspect of personal thought, 100; a phase, not a separable thing, 101

Sociology, too much based on material notions, 85, 89 f, 98 ff; must observe personal ideas, 87 ff; deals with personal intercourse in primary and secondary aspects, 101

Solitude, apparent, 57 f

Sophocles, 142

Spanish-American war, consolidating effect of, 293

Specialization, effect of, 115 ff

Spencer, Herbert, on egoism and altruism, 92; nature of his system, 92; on progress, 399

Spencerism, 306

Stability and instability in the self, 200 ff

Stable and unstable types of mind, 186 ff, 200 ff, 382 f

Stanley, Prof. H. M., 27, 138, 201, 214

Sterne, L., 194

Stevenson, R. L., physiognomy in his style, 77, 88, 95, 192, 195, 260, 320, 355

Strain of the present age, 112

Struggle for existence, as a view of life, 272

Style, the personal idea in, 73 ff; what it is, 74; personal ascendency in, 303 ff

Suger, the Abbot, 37

Suggestibility, 39 ff

Suggestion, and choice, 14–44; definition of, 14; in children, 19 ff; contrary, 23, 267; scope of in life, 29 ff

Superficiality of the time, 112, 198

Symbols, personal, 69 ff; in art and literature, 71 ff

Symonds, J. A., 155, 169 f, 279, 317

Sympathy, or communion as an aspect of society, 102–135; meaning of, 102 ff; as compassion, 103; a measure of personality, 106 ff; universal, 113 f; reflects social processes, 119 ff; selective, 122 ff; and love, 124 ff; a particular expression of society, 133 ff; hostile, 160, 234 ff; in leadership, 294 ff; lack of, in degeneracy, 382; with criminal acts a test of responsibility, 387 ff

Sympathies, reflect the social order, 111 ff

413Tact, 183 f; in ascendency, 297 f

Tarde, G., 15, 272

“Tasso,” quoted, 122, 150

Tennyson, 129, 210, 287, 318

Thackeray, 76, 192

Thoreau, H. D., his relation to society, 57 f, 399 f; 157, 192, 195, 197, 235, 244, 270

Toleration, 264

Truth, motive for telling, 358 f

Tylor, E. B., 42, 314

Vanity, 199, 203 ff

Variation, degeneracy as, 374 f

Wagner, Richard, 76

War, hostile feeling in, 257; dramatic power of leadership in, 291 f

Washington, 83

Whitman, Walt, 192

Will, free, 4; individual and social, 17; popular view of, 18; is it externally determined?, 18 f, 32 f; activity of, reflects society, 38 f

William the Silent, 314

Withdrawal, physical, 219; imaginative, 220 ff

Wrong, as the irrational, 329; emphasized by example, 356; degeneracy as, 372 ff; idea of, 377; not always opposed by conscience, 385 f; the unfree, 396

Wundt, on “Ich,” 138

Youth, sense of, 128, 280

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

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138 wie es haufig genannt wird.” Grundriss der Psychologie wie es häufig genannt wird.” Grundriss der Psychologie

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Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter.