APPENDICES.
Reading edition
A.
The following is a copy of the advertisement which appeared in the London Gazette, March, 1749:
Whitehall, 7th March, 1749.
A proposal having been presented unto His Majesty for the establishing a civil government in the Province of Nova Scotia, in North America, as also for the better peopling and settling the said province, and extending and improving the fishery thereof by granting lands within the same, and giving other encouragement to such of the officers and private men lately dismissed His Majesty's land and sea service, as shall be willing to settle in said province. And His Majesty having signed his royal approbation of the report of the said proposals, the Right Honorable the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations do, by His Majesty's command, give notice that proper encouragement will be given to such of the officers and private men lately dismissed His Majesty's land and sea service as are willing to accept of grants of land, and to settle with or without families, in Nova Scotia. That 50 acres of land will be granted in fee simple to every private soldier or seaman, free from the payment of any quit rents or taxes for the term of ten years; at the expiration whereof no person to pay more than one shilling per annum for every 50 acres so granted.
That a grant of ten acres over and above the 50 will be made to each private soldier or seaman having a family for every person including women and children of which his family shall consist, and from the grants made to them on the like conditions as their families shall increase, or in proportion to their abilities to cultivate the same.
That eighty acres on like conditions will be granted to every officer under the rank of Ensign in the land service, and that of Lieutenant in the sea service, and to such as have families, fifteen acres over and above the said eighty acres, for every person of which their family shall consist.
That two hundred acres on like conditions will be granted to every Ensign, three hundred to every Lieutenant, four hundred to every Captain, and six hundred to every officer above the rank of Captain. And to such of the above mentioned officers as have families, a further grant of thirty acres will be made over and above their respective quotas for every person of which their family shall consist.
That the lands will be parcelled out to the settlers as soon as possible after their arrival, and a civil government established, whereby they will enjoy all the liberties, privileges and immunities enjoyed by his Majesty's subjects in any other of the Colonies and Plantations in America, under His Majesty's Government, and proper measures will also be taken for their security and protection.
That all such as are willing to accept of the above proposals shall, with their families, be subsisted during the passage, also for the space of twelve months after their arrival.
That they shall be furnished with arms and ammunition as far as will be judged necessary for their defence, with a proper quantity of materials and utensils for husbandry, clearing and cultivating the lands, erecting habitations, carrying on the fishery, and such other purposes as shall be deemed necessary for their support.
That all such persons as are desirous of engaging in the above settlement do transmit by letter, or personally give in their names signifying in what regiment or company, or on board what ship they last served, and if they have families they intend to carry with them, distinguishing the age and quality of such person to any of the following officers appointed to receive and enter the same in the books opened for that purpose, viz.:—John Pownell, Esq., Solicitor and Clerk of the Repts. of the Lords Comrs. of Trade and Plantations, at their office at Whitehall; John Ressell, Esq., Comr. of His Majesty's Navy at Portsmouth; Philip Vanburgh, Esq., Comr. of His Majesty's Navy at Plymouth.
And the proper notice will be given of the said books being closed as soon as the intended number shall be completed, or at least on the 7th day of April.
It is proposed that the Transports shall be ready to receive such persons on board on the 10th April, and be ready to sail on the 20th, and that timely notice will be given of the place or places to which such persons are to repair in order to embark.
That for the benefit of the settlement, the same conditions which are proposed to private soldiers and seamen shall likewise be granted to Carpenters, Shipwrights, Smiths, Masons, Joiners, Brickmakers, Bricklayers, and all other artificers necessary in building or husbandry, not being private soldiers or seamen.
That the same conditions as are proposed to those who have served in the capacity of Ensign shall extend to all Surgeons, whether they have been in His Majesty's service or not, upon their producing proper certificates of their being duly qualified.
By order of the Right Hon. the Lords Comrs. of Trade and Plantations.
(Signed) Thomas Hill, Secretary.
B.
The following notices appear in the Gazettes and Magazines of the day:
London, Saturday, July 1, 1749.
Three vessels came up the river with about 300 German Protestants, who were ordered to remain at Lambeth and Vauxhall till they can be conveniently shipped to Nova Scotia.
Friday 21st July, 1749.
A great number of German Protestants from the Palatinate attended the Baron Munchausen, Chief Secretary for Hanover, with a petition soliciting a passage to Nova Scotia.
Wednesday, 12th April, 1749.
A great number of disbanded soldiers, discharged sailors, poor artificers, labourers, etc., who have accepted of His Majesty's grant of lands in Nova Scotia, attended at the Plantation Office in Whitehall, and received orders for admission, with their families and effects, on board the transports.
Whitehall, April 18, 1749.
Lieut.-Col. Cornwallis made Colonel and Commander of the Forces destined for Nova Scotia, with a salary of £1000 per annum.
May 9, 1749.
Hon. Edward Cornwallis to be Captain General and Governor-in-Chief in and over the Province of Nova Scotia or Acadia.
C.
Extract from a letter in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1749:
Boston, 10th July, 1749.
We have advice that two French men-of-war of 80 guns, and 20 transports, with a Governor and troops for a garrison, have arrived at Louisburg. The French Government offered Governor Hobson to transport his garrison to Chebucto, which was accepted, and orders came to discharge the vessels taken up here for that service. Col. Cornwallis, Governor of Nova Scotia, arrived at Chebucto on 21st June[98] in the Sphinx, and Capt. Rouse in a sloop of war, and fifteen transports with 2000 adventurers on board, whose first settlement will be at or near Chebucto, where the Governor intended to keep the transports till next year for the convenience of the people, especially the women and children, until houses are built. The same encouragement that has been given to the British disbanded soldiers is given to Governor Sherley's and Col. Pepperell's regiments. Rum was sold at Louisburg for 9d. per gallon, and molasses extremely cheap. The French lost a great number of men in their passage to Louisburg by the small pox, yellow fever, etc., but the transports at Chebucto lost only one child.
FOOTNOTES:
D.
The following account of the expenditure on the settlement for the year 1749, was submitted to Parliament by the Lords Commissioners of Trade and Plantations:
Blankets, Woolens and Shoes for the settlers, and presents for the Indians £ 1,325 4 8
Lines, Nets and Hooks for Fishery, Stationery, Surveyors' Instruments, Bricks and Garden Seeds 2,729 12 9
Lighterage and Shipping of the settlers, package and charges of Hospital Stores, a Surgeon with medicines by the Transport from Liverpool, and the Union Snow 336 0 3
Medicines, Sugar, Live Stock, for the voyage, and Drugs, Instruments and necessaries for the Hospital 680 148
French Bibles 102 17 10
Cash paid for victualling for settlers 12,06856
Treasurer of the Navy's account for Bedding and Victualling during voyage 7,354 19 0
Ditto, on account of the Sarah, Transport, from Liverpool 67 18 8
Treasurer of the Ordnance account for field pieces, swivel guns, small arms and powder 3,592 4 4
Printing and incidental expenses by directions of Lords Commissioners of Trade 445 19 10
Ventilators for six Transports 102 11 6
2 Fire Engines 72 16 0
Pay of Surgeons, Apothecaries, Midwife, exclusive of what they received at Halifax 860 0 0
Silver and Gold carried out by the Governor 3,922 8 0
Bills of Exchange drawn by the Governor, the account of the expenditure not yet received 11,452 13 4
Bills to Capt. Ives for a boat 40 0 0
The Treasurer for Scales and Weights 21 7 0
Bills drawn by Delancey & Watt, of New York, for Silver sent to the Province 5,523 5 9
Thomas Handcock, Esq., for Boards, Plank, 2 Schooners, Salt and Money shipped to purchase materials for mills 1,528 15 0
Bills drawn by S. Martin, from Boston 576 8 6
£52,804 2 7
To the Transport Service for conveying the Settlers to Nova Scotia, etc. 23,672 1 3
£76,476 3 10
To Governor Cornwallis for personal outfit 500 0 0
£76,976 3 10
(Signed) Christopher Kilby.
Account submitted to Parliament by the Lords Commissioners the following year:
Blankets, Woolens and Shoes for settlers, and presents for Indians £1,325 4 8
Supplies for Fishery, Surveyor's Instruments, Bricks and Garden Seeds 2,729 12 9
Lighterage and Shipping Settlers, package and charges of Hospital Stores, etc. 336 0 3
Medicines, Sugar, Live Stock, Drugs, Instruments, etc., for Hospital 680 14 8
French Bibles 102 17 10
Cash paid for Victualling Settlers 12,068 5 6
Treasurer of the Navy's account for Bedding and Victualling during voyage 7,354 19 0
Ditto on account of Sarah, Transport, from Liverpool 67 18 8
Treasurer of the Ordnance account for field pieces, swivel guns, small arms and powder 3,592 4 4
Printing and incidental expenses by directions of the Lords of Trade 445 19 10
Ventilators for 6 Transports 102 11 0
Two Fire Engines 72 16 0
Bill to Capt. Ives for a Boat 40 0 0
The Treasurer for Weights and Scales 21 7 0
Thomas Handcock, Esq. 1,528 15 6
Pay of Surgeons, Apothecaries and Midwife, exclusive of what they received at Halifax 860 0 0
To Transport Service for conveying settlers to Nova Scotia 23,672 1 3
Fees thereon 147 19 9
Fees on money received from the Exchequer, exclusive of the sums charged on the foregoing articles 473 4 6
To Freight, Bed, Bedding and Cabins for 514 passengers on board the Alderney, Nancy, Fair Lady and Two Friends, Transports, and incidental expenses attending embarkation, etc., etc. 3,144 4 4
To expenses repairing and fitting Sloop, New Casco 833 19 6
Gratuities 322 Foreign Protestants from Holland 338 2 0
Cash paid on account of Victualling settlers 4,500 0 0
Cash to Treasurer of Ordnance for Bills drawn by Governor 1,000 0 0
To Governor Cornwallis for the purchase of stores, payment of officers, package of stores, artificers and laborers, and contingent expenses, exclusive of £2,500 paid to his regiment for the four pence stopped for provisions to 11th Sept., 1750 35,268 0 2
Lieut. Martin's disbursements at Boston, for materials, vessels and stores 6,503 18 2
To Apthorp & Handcock, disbursements at Boston, for materials, vessels and stores 6,924 14 6
Thos. Gunter's Bills remitted him at Boston, on account of Expedition to Chignecto 2,600 0 0
Benj. Green, Treasurer, by his account from Sept. 20, 1750, to Nov. 30, 1750 3,621 14 0
Richard Bulkley, Paymaster of Works, from 1st August, 1750, to Nov. 30 4,073 16 3
To hire of Transports retained in the service and not paid by the Navy 4,002 2 4
To Foreign Settlers employed in public works at 12d. per day, till the money advanced is thereby reimbursed 1,005 0 0
To Col. Phillips' (now Cornwallis') Regt., to return deductions for provisions to Christmas, 1750 3,919 5 8
To provisions supplied Cols. Warberton's and Lascelles' Regts., Artillery Company, Independent Companies, seamen in vessels, laborers and artificers 17,832 3 8
Victual and transporting Lascelles' Regt. from Ireland 8,581 3 9
To Office of Ordnance for Timber, Materials and Tools sent from Annapolis, hire of vessels, magazine of powder and payment of officers and artificers employed by the Board 10,417 15 3
£173,838 2 3
Cr.
By account of Money granted by Parliament for Nova Scotia Colony Regiment, March 23, 1748, granted upon account towards the charge of transporting to His Majesty's Colony of Nova Scotia, and supporting and maintaining there such reduced officers, etc., etc. £ 40,000 0 0
1749. Granted upon account for defraying the charges incurred by transporting to H. M. Colony of Nova Scotia, and supporting and maintaining settlers not provided for by Parliament 36,476 3 10
1749. Granted on account for supporting, maintaining and employing the settlers, March 19, 1750 39,778172
Exceedings 57,68219 3
£173,938 2 3
Christopher Kilby.
The charge for contingencies, and the last charge of £10,417 15. 3., probably embrace the expenditure on Government buildings—the two churches of England, St. Paul's and St. Matthew's; also the fortifications and other government works then in progress.
Whitehall, February 20, 1750.
Estimate for1751£74,970
175296,639
175358,559
175447,741
175555,799
175661,657
175740,068
175815,753
175913,081
E.
The following extracts are from the letters of a French officer after the siege of Louisburg:
"The eyes of all Europe are fixed on this formidable armament; they have assembled an army of 22,000 men, 1600 brought from Europe, the remainder provincial militia, with a large train of artillery and munitions of war, 22 line of battle-ships and 200 transports. Yet Admiral Holburn, who appeared off Louisburg with 22 sail of men-of-war, took it into his head that our numbers were equal to his own, and has made his way back to Halifax. They will ask him there, why did you run away? Oh! says he, a superior force venit, vedit, fugit. It is vexatious that the first squadron which France has equipped since 1703 should be shackled with orders only to keep a look out. If ever there was a certainty of firing gunpowder to the renown of the white flag, it was on the 19th August, when Holburn appeared off Louisburg."
In some of his subsequent letters he appears to give a very accurate account of the siege, and some facts relative to the war not to be found in any history of that period. In speaking of the landing of Wolfe at the head of the Highlanders and the American Light Troops—
"It is the interest of the conquered not to diminish the glory of the victor, and besides it is our duty to do justice even to our mortal enemy, for which reason I confess that the English on this occasion behaved with such valor as before the event must have appeased temerity. Yet it must be allowed that at the same time the difficulty of the enterprise does them infinite honor, it saves ours; who would have forseen that they would have ventured to have climbed rocks till then rendered inaccessible, under a heavy fire from our batteries, notwithstanding their boats were every moment knocked to pieces in the surf, which drowned great numbers."
In speaking of the capitulation he says:
"Though reduced to the last extremity we demanded far more advantageous terms than we had reason to expect. After a consultation between Admiral Boscawen and General Amherst, an unconditional surrender was demanded. Dracourt, the Governor, extremely exasperated at those terms, resolved to hold out, but was compelled to give in on receiving a most peremptory petition on the part of the inhabitants, presented by M. Prevost. The capitulation was signed on 15th July, 1758, after a bloody siege of two months. On the day following, our troops were drawn up, and the colors and arms surrendered to General Whitmore, who took command of the town. The evening before the English took possession of the town, we suffered our soldiers to plunder the magazines, and the priests spent the whole night in marrying all the girls of the city to the first who would have them. No one here can perceive, at least by any personal inconvenience, that we are in a conquered town. The garrison has embarked with as much tranquility as if it had been going on a voyage of pleasure. Every soldier has taken away whatever belongs to him without suffering the least injustice. M. De Dracourt has received all the honors which a person of his rank deserved; Admiral Boscawen has shown all the respect to Madam De Dracourt as were due to her merits. This lady has performed such exploits during the siege as must entitle her to rank among the most illustrious of her sex, for she fired three cannon every day in order to animate the gunners. After the surrender she interested herself in behalf of all the unfortunates; in this number M. Maillet de Grandville was a striking instance of the instability of fortune. He left France at the age of 17, arrived at Quebec in indifferent circumstances; by his industry and application to business, he accumulated a vast fortune which enabled him to purchase the Lordship of St. Louis, which cost him 80,000 livres; but now, by the taking of Louisburg, he is left quite destitute with a numerous family."
F.
Halifax, July, 1752.
A list of the families of English, Swiss, etc., which have been settled in Nova Scotia since the year 1749, and who now are settlers in the places hereafter mentioned.
North Suburbs of Halifax.
Heads of Families. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16. Total.
John Scutt21........3
Edmund Dwight12126
Benjamin Brown5............5
William Gindler13116
Samuel Shipton333....9
Charles Procter225....9
Jonathan Hoar2............2
Gerchon Tuffs12....25
Preserved Cunnable22....26
William Bourn91........10
Matthew Barnard23........5
William Rundal1............1
Anthony Caverly1............1
Charles Hay22........4
Nathaniel Henderson11........2
Henry Chadwick21....14
Samuel Lyne11226
Thomas Fitzpatrick113....5
Judah Riger11........2
Ezekiel Gilman61........7
John Kinselagh32........5
Benjamin Ives5............5
Mrs. Decorot....2125
Josiah Crossby11125
William Harris31....26
Benjamin Phippeny11....24
George Gerrish311510
Robert Norman11........2
John Cox11........2
Edward Bowden11114
John Tongue211....4
Samuel Tanner11....24
Samuel Chandler111....3
George Sanders21216
John Christian Mulhlhe23218
Ernst Preper211....4
Christopher Harness11136
Charles Robins11114
Ezekiel Wildman31....15
Walter Motley21....14
Charles Christ22127
Peter Schahlan11........2
Peter Mozar232310
John Hoffens11....35
Peter Wayte111....3
Thomas Hay3............3
Jacob Cheney21126
John Jones21........3
Mary Birin11215
Charles King11125
John Porter11147
Joseph Pratt1....113
Daniel Brewer21........3
William Hunstable611....8
Benjamin Storer31....37
Jasper Battel11....24
Ulrich Dithoe11........2
Hans. Geo. Kohl22........4
Joseph Chadwick21........3
Christopher Warner111....3
John Christopher Rodolph1............1
John Burger Erad6........17
John A. Le Mand31....48
Ludovick Schnerr12216
139 75 42 63 309
Swiss and Germans in the North Suburbs.
Heads of Families. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16. Total.
Chs. Ludk. Hagelsieb 2 .... 1 2 5
John Peter Tahn 2 1 .... 1 4
Michael Brier 1 1 1 1 4
Laurenz Busgler 4 3 2 3 12
Leonhard Urich 1 1 .... 1 3
Jacob Craft 1 1 1 .... 3
Wendal Ramjer 1 1 1 1 4
George Storch 1 1 1 .... 3
Peter Klattenburger 2 1 1 1 5
Michael Clouser 3 .... .... .... 3
Michael Morash 2 2 .... 1 5
Jacob Schmidt 1 2 .... .... 3
Joseph Ley 2 1 .... .... 3
Barthel Hans 3 3 1 .... 7
Jacob Moser 2 1 1 4 8
Conrad Hall 1 1 .... 1 3
Jacob Hall 2 1 2 .... 5
Joseph Bley 3 1 .... 1 5
Michael Ley 1 1 1 .... 3
Elizabeth Werner .... 1 .... 2 3
Magdalen Orell .... 2 .... .... 2
Benedict Mayhofer 1 2 .... .... 3
Andreas Kalb 1 1 1 .... 3
Adam Rundl 1 1 .... .... 2
Ulrich Seeger 3 .... .... 4 7
Daniel Schumaker 1 .... .... .... 1
John Jacob Schmidt 1 2 .... .... 3
Adam Luty 1 1 .... .... 2
Conrad Mucher 1 1 .... .... 2
Godfried Knotz 3 2 .... 1 6
Peter Lawner 2 2 1 .... 5
Godfried Torpel 2 1 1 .... 5
Jacob Tanner 1 1 2 2 6
Johannus Buhofer 1 1 .... .... 2
George Nagel 1 1 1 .... 3
Rudolph Pense 1 1 2 2 6
Adam Wambolt 2 2 .... .... 4
Peter Wambolt 1 1 .... .... 2
Ruchart Schup 1 1 1 1 4
Michael Hagg 2 .... .... .... 2
Michael Gimber 1 1 1 .... 3
Adam Buhler 1 1 .... .... 2
Andreas Young 1 1 .... .... 2
—— Beringer 1 1 .... .... 2
Casper Hickman 1 1 1 .... 3
Henrick Oxner 2 1 1 3 7
Jean Mange 1 1 2 .... 4
Casper Lehry 1 1 .... .... 2
Peter Estmann 1 1 .... 1 3
Johannus Lonus 1 1 4 .... 6
Loui Eouton 1 1 1 .... 3
Casper Trillian 1 1 .... .... 2
Augustin Wolf 1 1 2 1 5
Anton Halton 1 1 .... 3 5
Matthias Nagel 2 .... .... .... 2
Franciska Schnider 1 .... .... 1 2
Ludwig Koenig 2 1 .... 3 6
Nicholas Wolf 1 1 .... 1 3
Johannes Schroeder .... 2 .... .... 2
Johannes Loesten .... 3 .... .... 3
Utrick Klett 1 1 .... .... 2
Maria Schlitter .... 2 1 .... 3
Johannus Miller 1 1 .... 3 5
Johannes Hoaif 1 .... .... 1 2
George Vogler 6 2 .... 4 12
Jacob Paulus 2 2 1 1 6
Conrade Werner 2 2 1 2 7
Matheus Finer 1 1 .... 1 3
Andreas Sronnagel 1 1 .... 2 4
Jacob Heish 2 1 1 .... 4
George Polleber 1 1 .... .... 2
Christian Finis 1 1 .... 3 5
Gotleib Schermuller 5 2 .... 1 8
Adam Schmidt 3 1 1 2 7
Christian Perfek 1 1 2 .... 4
Christian Ernst 2 1 .... .... 3
Frederick Aurenburg 2 2 2 2 8
Nicholas Eggly 6 1 .... .... 7
Henrick Kuhn 4 2 .... .... 6
Ulrick Schenekill 2 3 2 1 8
Jacob Shaffhouser 1 1 .... .... 2
Johannes Simon 1 2 1 1 5
Asmus Diel 5 2 .... .... 7
Jacob Sperry 2 2 .... .... 4
Adam Jung 4 2 .... 1 7
Johann Jung 4 1 1 1 7
61 41 13 26 141
South Suburbs.
Heads of Families. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16. Total.
Mary Rance .... 1 2 .... 3
Thomas Latham 3 1 .... .... 4
Jonathan Prescott[99] 11 1 1 .... 13
Joseph Kent 1 1 1 .... 3
Edmund Crawley[100] 4 1 1 1 7
John Winiton 3 1 .... 1 5
William Trefoy 4 .... 1 .... 5
Darby Cavanaugh 1 3 1 2 7
Edward Lush 5 1 1 .... 7
Alice Twyny .... 2 .... .... 2
James Ridder 4 .... .... .... 4
John Crooks 2 1 2 .... 5
James Hickens 1 1 .... 1 3
James Pierpont 1 2 .... 1 4
John Shippey 2 3 2 .... 7
Peter, a negro 1 1 .... 1 3
John Call 2 2 .... 1 5
Ruth Wheeler 5 2 .... .... 7
Joseph Harris 8 .... .... .... 8
Richard Peirie 1 1 .... .... 2
Francis Coburne 5 1 1 1 8
Charles Terlaven 5 1 2 .... 8
Darby Sullivan 1 .... .... .... 1
John Jackson 3 1 .... 2 6
Gregory Ives 1 1 .... .... 2
Samuel Sellon 2 .... .... .... 2
Isaac Underdunk 1 1 2 2 6
George Featherstone 1 1 1 2 5
Maurice Welsh 1 1 .... 1 3
Andrew Shepperd 2 1 .... 1 4
William Mallus 4 1 4 1 10
Phillip Hammond 1 1 .... 2 4
Solomon Reed 1 1 2 .... 4
Joseph Evans 2 .... .... .... 2
John Walker 1 1 2 2 6
Thomas Nunan 3 1 .... .... 4
George Knox 1 1 .... .... 2
Joseph Gullison 1 1 .... 2 4
Jason Chapman 3 1 .... 2 6
Rebecca Baldwin 1 1 2 1 5
Richard Manning 3 2 .... .... 5
James Cane 1 .... .... .... 1
Dennis Hieffernon 2 1 1 1 5
William Wickham 1 1 .... .... 2
John Rider 2 1 2 .... 5
Josiah Marshall 2 2 2 .... 6
Joseph Pierce 2 1 .... .... 3
John Steel 4 3 .... .... 7
Malachy Salter 3 2 1 2 8
Charles Kanier 3 .... .... .... 3
Jeremiah Rogers 3 1 .... 3 7
[101] Peter, Marquis D'Conti and Gravina 2 .... .... .... 2
Samuel Cleveland 2 1 2 4 9
Richard Graham 2 2 .... .... 4
William Nesbitt 4 3 .... .... 7
Isaac Knott 12 16 2 1 31
Daniel Tappoon 3 .... 1 .... 4
Hannah Hutchinson .... 1 .... 1 2
Isaac Basset .... 2 .... 1 2
Thomas Clarke 1 1 1 1 4
Robert Davis 1 1 1 1 4
William Lawson 1 1 2 1 5
John Eustace 1 1 .... .... 2
John Miller 1 1 1 2 5
James Grimes 2 1 1 .... 4
John Griffin 1 1 3 1 6
Joseph Mehany 2 2 .... 1 5
Josiah Cleveland 1 .... 3 1 5
Felix McMehan 2 .... 2 .... 4
Josiah Nottage 3 1 .... 2 6
Mathew Mullens 2 1 2 1 6
Henry Ferguson 5 2 3 .... 10
Jean Campbell .... 1 .... 3 4
Ezekiah Averil 1 2 2 3 8
Thomas Hardin 1 1 2 1 5
Thomas Maggee 1 1 4 1 7
Robert Brooks 1 1 .... .... 2
James Jordan 1 2 1 .... 4
John Poor 2 2 .... 1 5
Thomas Lamb 1 1 2 2 6
Thomas Collicut 2 1 .... .... 3
John Barry 1 1 .... .... 2
Maurice Driscoll 1 1 .... 1 3
John McCuller 2 1 .... .... 3
Benjamin Child 2 1 2 2 7
William Wallace 1 1 1 .... 3
John Murphy 1 1 .... .... 2
Henry Rigby 1 1 1 2 5
William Peters 2 .... .... .... 2
David Carmer 2 1 .... .... 3
Patrick Mahoney 1 1 .... .... 2
Samuel Fulton 2 1 .... .... 3
Dennis Sullivan 1 2 .... .... 3
Stephen Wisdoms 1 1 3 3 8
Richard —— 1 1 1 .... 3
Bartholomew Calahan 1 1 .... 1 3
Cornelius Crowley 3 .... 1 2 6
Nathaniel Millett 1 1 1 .... 3
Peter Wallace 1 .... .... .... 1
John Slayter 1 .... .... .... 1
Martin Ludovig 1 .... .... .... 1
John Wisdom 1 1 .... 1 3
George Cheshire 3 1 .... .... 4
George Featherstone 1 1 .... 1 3
Richard Sparks 2 1 .... .... 3
Jacob Hurd 3 .... .... .... 3
William Williams 3 1 1 .... 5
Jedediah Harris 2 1 1 1 5
Abraham Slayter 3 1 1 .... 5
Richard Winter 1 2 .... .... 3
John Arbuckle 1 1 3 3 8
Perfect Miller 3 1 .... .... 4
Mary Miller .... 1 .... 1 2
Samuel Greenfield 1 1 .... .... 2
Moses Clarke 1 2 .... .... 3
—— Lewis 1 .... .... .... 1
William Matthews 1 1 .... 1 3
William Christopher 1 1 .... 1 3
Thomas Walker 1 1 2 .... 4
Daniel Hills 4 .... 1 .... 5
Richard Williams 1 1 .... .... 2
Daniel Farrel 5 1 1 1 8
James Fullerton 1 1 2 .... 4
Nathaniel Mason 1 .... .... .... 1
Aaron Porter 4 .... .... .... 4
Jacobus Derkindrekin 1 1 .... .... 2
William Seward 5 .... 1 .... 6
Joshua Orne 6 .... .... .... 6
Elias Girott 3 1 1 .... 5
Richard Wenman 3 .... .... .... 3
Daniel Shatford 1 1 2 .... 4
Charles Henderson 5 1 .... .... 6
Jonathan Harris 2 1 .... .... 3
Patrick Cambell 3 2 .... .... 5
Aaron Cleveland 1 1 1 2 5
James Monk 1 1 2 4 8
Samuel Crafts 7 1 .... .... 8
William Russel 65 1 .... .... 66
Ann Wenmen, in Orphan House 4 4 11 .... 19
Joseph Palmer, in Hospital 21 1 .... .... 22
Michael Naddow 1 .... .... .... 1
Joseph Gerrish 27 .... 1 .... 28
Dennis Mehaney 1 1 .... .... 2
John Conway 1 1 3 1 6
Mrs. Taylor 1 .... .... .... 1
Michael Lawler 1 1 .... .... 2
Peter Murpil 1 1 .... 1 3
John Gallant 17 2 1 1 21
Nicholas Nagler 1 1 3 .... 5
I Swiss 1 1 2 .... 4
Josiah Bracket 3 1 1 .... 5
Within the Town of Halifax.
Heads of Families. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16. Total.
Thomas Power 11 2 1 1 15
Joshua Mauger 14 3 2 1 20
William Steele, Esq. 2 2 .... .... 4
Benjamin Gerrish 2 2 .... .... 4
Robert Cowey 7 2 1 1 11
Abigail Ward .... 1 1 .... 2
William Austin 1 1 .... 1 3
Thomas Matterson 1 1 .... 1 3
Frederick Beeker 1 1 .... 1 3
William Schwartz 1 1 1 1 4
Isaac Deschamps 1 .... 1 .... 2
Madam D'Pacquet 3 5 .... 1 9
John Brown 2 2 .... 1 5
Thomas Fulford 1 1 .... .... 2
Lewis Pierce 1 1 1 1 4
Thomas Grenoak 1 2 2 2 7
Leonard Lockman[102] 5 4 .... .... 9
William Ford 1 2 .... .... 3
John Johnstone 1 1 1 1 4
Thomas Luke 1 1 1 1 4
Leonard Cotton 5 1 1 3 10
William and Edward Nichols 3 .... .... .... 3
James Brenock 1 2 1 1 5
Thomas Oakes 2 1 .... 1 4
Mr. Wheyland .... 1 .... 2 3
John Wellenon (Wellenor?) 1 1 3 .... 5
Thomas Price 1 .... 2 .... 3
Vernon Merefield 1 1 3 .... 5
John Brown 3 3 1 .... 7
Allen Usher 1 .... 1 .... 2
Jeremiah Fitzsimons 3 1 2 .... 6
Daniel McCylster 2 1 3 1 7
John Panier 2 1 .... .... 3
Peter Anchote 2 2 .... .... 4
John Aubony 7 2 1 .... 10
David Loyd 1 1 .... .... 2
Thomas Saul 10 1 .... .... 11
Alexander Keddy 1 2 .... .... 3
Jane Knight .... 1 1 .... 2
William Brew 1 2 .... .... 3
John Marlow 1 1 .... .... 2
Jacob Cone 2 1 1 1 5
George Twelve's wife .... 1 .... 2 3
John William Hoffman 2 .... 1 .... 3
Mr. Surget 2 .... .... 1 3
James Fitzgerald 1 1 .... .... 2
James Stewson 1 1 .... .... 2
—— Redman 1 .... .... .... 1
James Colbeck 1 2 2 .... 5
Alexander Abercrombie 1 .... .... .... 1
John Baxter 1 2 .... 1 4
Giles Harris 3 1 1 1 6
William Pierce 1 2 2 .... 5
Edward Luky 1 1 1 .... 3
James Patfield 1 1 .... .... 2
Widow Clerk .... 1 .... .... 1
William Davis 1 1 1 .... 3
—— Melony .... 1 .... .... 1
John Steinford 1 1 .... 1 3
George Suckling 1 1 .... 1 3
Alexander Allen 1 1 .... .... 2
Widow Henry .... 1 .... 1 2
Thomas Frost 1 1 .... .... 2
Ephraim Cook 12 4 .... .... 16
by Mr. Brown .... .... .... ........
James Colvill 3 2 .... 1 6
Thomas Moore 1 1 1 2 5
Joseph Maseen 1 1 1 .... 3
Edward Potter 1 1 1 1 4
China Brownjohn 1 1 .... 1 3
Francis Lock 1 1 1 1 4
Daniel Stewart 2 3 1 2 8
Robert Grant 3 1 2 .... 6
John Stockley 1 3 1 .... 5
Edward Marguin 3 2 .... .... 5
George Greenwood 1 1 1 .... 3
James Smith 1 1 2 1 5
John Collier, Esq. 2 2 .... .... 4
William Piggott 7 1 3 4 15
William Best 6 2 2 1 11
William Henderson 3 2 .... .... 5
Anne Woodside 2 1 2 .... 5
John Connor 3 1 .... .... 4
Richard Barry 2 3 1 .... 6
William Heyslup 1 2 2 2 7
John Peter De Brace 3 1 .... .... 4
John Raet 1 1 .... .... 2
John Mundy 1 1 4 .... 6
Richard Stritton 1 2 1 .... 4
Joseph Churchill 1 1 .... .... 2
Laurence Collins 1 1 .... 1 3
John Humphreys 1 1 .... 1 3
Joseph Coeishton 6 1 .... .... 7
Ebenezer Petty 1 2 1 2 6
Robert Bowden 1 1 .... .... 2
Thomas Newman 7 2 .... 2 11
William Griffin 3 .... .... .... 3
James Euston 4 .... .... .... 4
Thomas Hagan 2 .... .... .... 2
Thomas Mannen 1 1 .... 1 3
Edward Butler 1 1 .... .... 2
John Grant 3 2 .... .... 5
Edward Orpin 4 1 .... .... 5
John Vintenon 2 .... .... .... 2
Thomas Branham 2 .... .... .... 2
Henry Wilkinson 1 1 .... 2 4
William Wright 1 1 1 2 5
Henry Wynn 4 1 .... 1 6
Paul Pritchard 1 2 .... 1 4
Alexander Forbes 2 .... .... .... 2
William White 3 1 .... 2 6
John Hall 1 1 2 1 6
Thomas Wilder 5 .... .... .... 5
Thomas Greensword 1 1 .... .... 2
George Nelson 1 1 .... .... 2
Robert Parfect 1 1 .... .... 2
William McCarty 2 1 .... .... 3
John Ewes 1 1 .... .... 2
James Fallon 5 1 1 1 8
William Johnson 2 1 .... .... 3
Thomas Campbell 1 1 1 .... 3
James Porter 3 1 .... 2 6
William Vanfelson 1 1 1 .... 3
James Ford 1 1 2 3 7
Robert Freeman 1 1 3 2 7
John Wooden 2 1 2 2 7
William Roacock 1 1 1 1 4
Peter Parkman 1 1 .... .... 2
Matthew Hopkins 1 2 2 1 6
James Douglass 1 .... .... .... 1
John Meeds 1 1 .... 1 3
Mary Robertson 5 1 3 .... 9
Mary Williams .... 3 .... .... 3
Nathan Nathans .... .... .... .... 5
George Taylor 3 .... 1 .... 4
Patrick Furlong 2 1 .... .... 3
John Slayter 1 1 3 .... 5
John Ker 2 .... .... .... 2
John Clewley 8 2 .... .... 10
Garret Mead 2 2 .... .... 4
Charles Mason 3 1 .... 1 5
Matthew McNemara 3 2 .... .... 5
George Frank 1 2 .... 1 4
John Webb 1 .... .... .... 1
Robert Ewer 14 1 .... .... 15
Peter Martin 1 4 .... .... 5
Michael Mullineaux 1 2 1 2 6
Thomas Reeve 1 1 .... .... 2
John Bohanan 1 1 2 1 5
—— Ray .... 1 .... 2 3
Euste. Butter 1 1 .... 1 3
Thomas Golden 2 2 .... .... 4
William Williams 1 1 .... .... 2
Edward Lee 1 1 5 .... 7
James Bannerman 2 1 .... .... 3
Richard Bulksley 3 2 .... .... 5
John Franks 1 1 1 1 4
Christopher Cooke 1 1 1 3 6
Robert Dickie 2 2 2 .... 6
Joseph Wakefield 1 1 2 .... 4
Thomas Bryant 1 1 .... .... 2
Edward L'Cras 3 3 1 .... 7
Lawrence Ren 1 2 2 .... 5
John Fenly 1 .... .... .... 1
William Walker 1 2 .... .... 3
Mr. Bruce 2 .... .... .... 2
Thomas Rundal 1 1 .... .... 2
—— Wigel 1 1 1 1 4
Mark Cullymore 1 1 1 .... 3
Nathaniel Gosford 2 2 .... .... 4
John Naymers 1 2 3 2 8
Davis Townsend 1 1 2 .... 4
John Cleary 2 2 .... .... 4
John Kent 4 1 .... .... 5
William Crafts 1 3 2 1 7
Rosana Scott .... 3 2 .... 5
Patrick Britt 2 2 .... 1 5
William Bearsto[103] 1 1 3 1 6
Joseph Ford 3 2 1 1 7
William Eaton 1 1 .... 1 3
James Tate 1 1 .... 1 3
Samuel Sprague 1 .... .... .... 1
Stephen McKine 1 1 3 1 6
Within the Pickets
of Halifax.
Heads of Families. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16. Total.
James Vickars 1 1 .... .... 2
Joel Waterman 1 1 1 1 4
Catherine Austin .... 1 .... .... 1
Andrew Maxwell 4 1 .... 1 6
John Gaffer 2 2 .... .... 4
Luke Shippey 1 1 1 .... 3
Henry Sweetland 2 .... .... .... 2
Jonathan Markham 3 1 .... .... 4
Francis Porter 4 3 .... .... 7
Matthew Corker 1 1 1 .... 3
Thomas Landerkin 1 1 .... .... 2
Griffin Jenkins 1 1 .... .... 2
Mary Hollowell .... 2 .... .... 2
Edward Castle 6 1 .... .... 7
Mrs. Whitehand 2 2 1 .... 5
John Crowley 1 1 .... 1 3
Philip Knaut 1 2 1 .... 4
Storker Nelson 3 2 1 .... 6
John Lowrey 1 1 .... 1 3
Joseph Scott 2 1 1 .... 4
Israel Abrahams 2 5 1 2 10
Thomas Ames 2 .... .... .... 2
Thomas Dame 1 1 1 1 4
Benjamin Lee 1 2 1 .... 4
Mary Cooper 1 1 .... .... 2
Michael Sexton 3 2 .... .... 5
George Popplewell 1 1 .... .... 2
John Beswick 1 1 1 .... 3
John South 1 1 .... .... 2
Richard Hollis 1 2 1 .... 4
Mr. Reynolds 1 .... .... .... 1
James Whellon 1 1 .... 3 5
William Giles 1 1 .... .... 2
Frederick Barley 1 .... .... .... 1
Ezekiel Budd 1 1 .... .... 2
Josiah Hardy 1 1 3 1 6
John Edmundson 1 1 .... .... 2
James Thompson 1 2 1 .... 4
Mary Webb .... 1 .... .... 1
Timothy Cane 1 1 .... 1 3
James Banfield 1 1 1 .... 3
James Babrig 3 2 .... .... 5
Isaac Solomon 1 1 .... 1 3
James Thorp 1 1 .... 1 3
Samuel Blockden 1 2 2 4 9
Elizabeth Gunnel 1 .... .... 2 3
Eleanor Cannon 1 .... .... 1 2
Thomas Walker 3 1 .... 1 5
Charles Morris 5 2 .... 1 8
Josiah Millekin 2 1 .... .... 3
John Codman 2 .... .... .... 2
Lewis Hays 2 2 1 .... 5
William Moore 4 1 .... .... 5
William Cannon 1 1 .... .... 2
Samuel McClure 1 2 1 1 5
Henry Fielding 1 1 .... 1 3
Patrick Kennedy 2 2 .... 1 5
John Walker 3 1 1 .... 5
Benjamin Fogg 2 2 .... 1 5
William Foye 2 4 .... .... 6
Otis Little 4 2 1 1 8
Hugh Vans 3 .... 1 .... 4
Lewis Frignet 4 1 .... .... 5
Joseph Antrims 2 2 .... 1 5
Benjamin Green, Esq. 3 2 3 1 9
H. J. O'Brien 2 2 1 2 7
Bartholomew Kneeland 2 1 .... .... 3
Joseph Fairbanks 9 1 .... .... 10
James Fillis 1 .... 1 .... 2
John Rous 2 4 1 2 9
Joseph Rous 4 2 1 .... 7
John Greensword 17 4 .... .... 21
William Fury 3 1 1 1 6
Debtors in Gaol 19 .... .... .... 19
Criminals 8 .... .... .... 8
William Falkner 1 1 .... .... 1
On Several Islands and Harbors, Employed in Fishery.
Heads of Families. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16.
On Cornwallis Island:
Capt. Joseph Rouse 4 .... .... ....
" Mauger 7 .... .... ....
" Cook 5 .... .... ....
—— Bradshaw 16 1 .... ....
32 1 .... ....
At Ketch Harbour:
John Grace 10 2 1 ....
Capt. Gill 6 .... .... ....
—— Brown 3 2 1 ....
19 4 2 ....
At Sambro Island:
Capt. Matterson 21 1 .... ....
Thomas Youngston 1 1 1 1
22 2 1 1
At St. Margaret's Bay:
Benjamin Frog 10 1 2 ....
James Ford 13 .... .... ....
Adam Clown 1 1 .... 1
—— Allen 5 .... .... ....
29 2 2 1
Laborers Employed in His Majesty's Works on George's Island.
Heads of Families. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16. Total.
Richard Reeve 1 1 1 .... 3
Thomas Leak 1 1 1 .... 3
Patrick Hamilton 1 1 .... .... 2
Cornelius Larigan 1 1 .... .... 2
Laborers 11 .... .... .... 11
At the Block House and the Isthmus.
Heads of Families. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16. Total.
Adam Schafner 1 2 .... .... 3
Jacob Soloer 1 1 1 .... 3
Johannes Frederick 1 .... 1 .... 2
Peter Moeser 1 1 .... .... 2
Richard Voleker 1 .... .... .... 1
Adolph Henokel 1 1 2 2 6
Philip Krepof 1 1 1 1 4
Casper Meisner 1 3 2 .... 6
Johannus Hoars 1 .... .... .... 1
Henrick Hiltz 2 1 .... 1 4
Henrick Mertz 1 1 .... .... 2
Johanna M. Girtler .... 2 .... 1 3
Margaretta Hoars .... 1 2 2 5
Philip Sponnagel 1 1 1 1 4
Michael Westhoefer 1 2 .... .... 3
Wilhelm Wensell 1 2 2 .... 5
Johannes Forrokner 1 1 .... .... 2
Ferdinand Schultz 1 1 1 .... 3
Christian Schmidt 1 1 1 .... 3
Johannus Schnok 1 1 1 .... 3
Christopher Schafner 1 1 .... .... 2
Lorentz Conrat 4 1 2 1 8
Jacob Brande 1 1 .... .... 2
Philip Winter 1 1 .... .... 2
Johannus Knaut 1 1 .... .... 2
Wenel Wust 1 1 1 1 4
George Evalt 1 .... .... .... 1
Adam Lehnhart 1 1 2 1 5
Conrad Graff 1 1 .... .... 2
Jacob Berger 1 1 .... .... 2
Philip Sigler 1 .... .... .... 1
Frederick Heison 2 1 .... 2 5
Henrick Lehn 1 1 .... .... 2
Johannas Barget 1 1 .... 2 4
Andrew Walter 1 1 1 1 4
Henrick Minok 2 1 1 2 6
Wilhelm Kuveller 1 2 .... 3 6
Adam Fileoh 1 1 .... .... 2
Andrew Sauer 1 .... .... .... 1
Eva Gibhart 1 4 .... 2 7
Peter Krauner 1 1 2 1 5
Jacob Seely 1 1 1 2 5
Adam Boettinger 1 1 .... .... 2
Caspar Ditrich 1 1 .... .... 2
Christian Gothart 1 .... .... .... 1
Johannes Schmidt 1 1 .... .... 2
John Sebastian Nicolas 2 .... .... .... 2
Ditrich Klauter 1 .... .... .... 1
Ludovig Feller 1 .... .... .... 1
Leonard Anton Freher 1 1 .... 1 3
Laurenz Lahn 2 1 2 .... 5
Andreas Velocker 1 2 .... 2 5
Ludovig Schnoer 2 1 1 2 6
Philip Hirchman 1 1 1 .... 3
Anna Luse 1 .... .... 1 2
Caspar Qenok 1 1 2 1 5
Philip Rotehauser 1 2 1 2 6
Conrad Teele 1 1 1 2 5
Michael Merokel 1 .... .... .... 1
George Grant 1 .... .... .... 1
Partel Hoarse 2 5 1 .... 8
Alon Ostertay 1 .... .... .... 1
Families. Males above 16. Females above 16. Males under 16. Females under 16. Total.
Within the Pickets of Halifax 468 846 622 279 285 2032
Within the North Suburbs 169 317 205 105 138 765
Within the South Suburbs 151 429 169 115 105 818
Within the Town of Dartmouth 53 81 47 29 38 195
On several Islands and Harbors employed in Fishery, etc. .... 168 13 18 3 202
On the Isthmus and the Peninsula of Halifax 65 73 66 38 39 216
9061914 1122 584 608 4248
906 families.
1914 males over 16.
1122 females over 16.
584 boys under 16.
608 girls under 16.
1914
1122
792excess of males over females (over 16).
The foregoing is copied from a book in the Crown Land Office, having been in the Surveyor General's office, apparently, since 17th May, 1779, as the blank leaves contain memoranda of different warrants of survey from that date to June, 1781. Copied 4th December, 1862.
FOOTNOTES:
G.
From the Gentlemen's Magazine, Vol. 20, 271.
Halifax, Nova Scotia, December 7, 1749.
Dear Sir,—I have at various times given you the last account I was able of the state of affairs in this Colony. The summer was beautiful beyond description and even the conception of those who are always confined within the liquid walls of Britain. As to the winter, which you know I always dreaded, I do assure you I have felt severer weather in England. The people acquainted with this climate say that it began this year sooner than was ever known in the memory of man, and assure me likewise that it will not be more severe than it has been already; if so, there is no danger to be apprehended from it. This you will readily grant when I tell you, notwithstanding the tenderness of my constitution, to which you are no stranger, that I have not added a single thing, not so much as a great coat, to my dress since I have been in this Province. When I look back upon the 21st June, the day of our arrival, I am astonished to see the progress made; there are already about 400 habitable houses within the fortifications and not less than 200 without. So surprising is the growth of this colony, so great the happiness of being ruled by one who has no other interest at heart but that of making thousands happy.
From my soul I wish that all other governors would copy such an amiable example of imitation; he does not, like most others gripe and squeeze to accumulate a fortune; on the contrary, he derives no profit to himself from anything, but, with the most unexampled generosity, gives all places and commissions gratis to the most deserving, nor suffers his officers to take any fees at present. You know what an English rabble is (and the greatest part of this colony was such.) You know they are generally tumultuous, refractory, full of discontent and murmuring, capricious in demanding favors, not long satisfied with present concessions, and not seldom abusing them by restless importunity for more. Such generally is the rabble of mankind, and such were many of the settlers of this province, but by his prudent management and proper generosity, by his condescension, candor and affability, the Governor has charmed the tiger's fury and turned a sad tumultuous rabble into a tractable and quiet people. They now work with ten times the alacrity they did at first, are patient under disappointments, and when they meet with a repulse, they conclude their petitions to have been unreasonable, from a firm persuasion that His Excellency has their true interest at heart; they cannot ask with reason, but what he grants with pleasure.
Yours, etc., etc., * * * * * *
H.
Copy of Minutes of Council of 12th June, 1752, Regarding the Erection of a Light House at Sambro.
At a Council holden at the Govrs. House at Halifax, Fryday, June 12th, 1752.[105]
Present—His Excellency the Govr.
Benj. Green, Wm. Steele, Esqrs.
John Collier, Geo. Fotheringham,
Resolved, That, Whereas a Light house at the Entrance of the Harbor of Halifax, would be greatly beneficial to the Trade, Navigation, and Fishery of this Colony, and might be the means of preserving the Lives and properties of many of his Majesty's Subjects, and whereas altho' many persons might willingly contribute towards so good a Work without any Expectation of a Reimbursement, yet probably many may more readily be concerned therein, when attended with any hopes of promoting their own Interest at the same time.
A Lottery, according to the following Scheme, be set on foot for raising a sum of £450 towards building a Lighthouse at or near Cape Sambrough, (whereby, besides the advantages before mentioned,) a considerable number of Settlers will be usefully employed for some time, and a great & lasting Benefit to the province be gained, by a voluntary Tax upon those persons (amongst others) who at present contributed nothing towards the Expence of the Government whose protection & favour they enjoy.
Scheme of a Lottery for raising £450 towards building a Lighthouse at or near Cape Samborough:—
The number of Tickets to be 1000 at £3 each, £3000.
The number of Benefit Tickets to be 200, vizt.:
1Prize of £500£500
1Ditto of 300300
2Ditto of 100 each200
5Ditto of 50 each250
10Ditto of 30 each300
40Ditto of 10 each400
140Ditto of 7 each980
1The first drawn70
200prizes. £3000
Fifteen per cent. to be deducted from the fortunate Tickets, and the remainder to be paid, without any other Deduction, to ye possessors of the sd. Tickets, as soon as the drawing shall be over—To be drawn publickly in the Town House, at Halifax under the Direction of managers to be appointed by his Excelly. the Govr. as soon as all the Tickets shall be disposed of, and in case the said Tickets shall not be all disposed of, before ye 31st Augt. next, the money recd. for any sold to be repaid to the possessors thereof on Demand.
ED. CORNWALLIS.
FOOTNOTES:
I.
Governor Cornwallis[106] to Duke of Bedford.
(COPY.)
Chebucto, 22nd June, 1749.
My Lord Duke,—
I arrived here yesterday,—this morning a Sloop arrived from Mr. Hopson, which I am obliged to send to Boston in case any ship should be going thence to England. I would not neglect an opportunity of writing to your Grace. I met the "Fair Lady" storeship at sea the eleventh, after we had been from England four weeks, who told me the Transports arrived at Spithead the day before he sailed, and were to sail in three days after him, we were then off the island of Sable, and except the first eight days had met with contrary winds all the passage, besides we had steered our course for Cape Race but was forced off the banks by a gale of wind from the North West so that I had reason to think the Transports might be soon at Chebucto—we had nobody on board that knew anything of the coasts nor of the Bay of Funday, so were to cruize off the coasts till we met with a pilot, we made the Coast of Acadie the 14th, but met with no pilot till the 20th, when we met with a sloop from Boston to Louisburgh with two pilots on board, for the use of the Governor,—the wind not serving for the Bay of Funday, and the officers assuring me in case of foggy weather (not unusual upon those coasts) we might be a fortnight getting to Annapolis. The wind was fair for Chebucto, so I thought it advisable to go in there rather than risk the being some weeks, perhaps, after the settlers arrived. I could save the garrison of Louisburgh the bad and long navigation to Annapolis, so I sent to Governor Hopson that I was going for Chebucto and desired him to transport the garrison thither, imagining he had transports ready; by his sloop that came in this day I find him in great perplexity, the French arrived, and he no transports.—The Council of War it seems were of opinion that the orders from the Secretary at War did not empower him to hire transports, but to wait my arrival and that I was to send the transports that brought the settlers here. As I cannot know when the transports will arrive, in what condition, nor how many I can spare, I think it absolutely necessary for the service to send the sloop to Boston with orders to Apthorp and Hancock, who Mr. Hopson has recommended as the persons who have been always employed on the part of the Government, to hire vessels with all expedition for the transportation of these troops from Louisburgh to Chebucto. I send a letter by the same sloop to Colonel Mascarene in case he should meet at sea any vessel going to Annapolis. I likewise send a Frenchman that knows the country over land, by Minas to Annapolis. I have ordered Colonel Mascarene to come here with a quorum of the Council as soon as possible that I may open my commission, take the oaths and appoint another Council, according to His Majesty's instructions.
I can give Your Grace little information as yet as to this country—the coasts are as rich as ever they have been represented. We caught fish every day since we came within fifty leagues of the coast, the harbor itself is full of fish of all kinds; all the officers agree the harbor is the finest they have ever seen—the country is one continual wood, no clear spot to be seen or heard of. I have been ashore in several places—the underwood is only young trees so that with difficulty one might walk through any of them; D'Anville's fleet have only cut wood for present use, but cleared no ground, they encamped their men upon the beach. I have seen but few brooks nor have as yet found the navigable river that has been talked of—there are a few French families on each side of the bay about 3 leagues off; some have been on board. As to the disposition of the French or Indians I can give Your Grace no account till I see Colonel Mascarene, when I shall write more fully and continue from time to time to acquaint Your Grace of our proceedings. I wish the French may not be uneasy at waiting so long on board for the evacuation of Louisburgh as it may be some time before Mr. Hopson will get transports—it will, I fear, retard the settlement.
I am &c., ED. CORNWALLIS.
P. S.—I expect the transports daily. His Grace the Duke of Bedford.
(From the Duplicate.)
We came to anchor in Merliguiche Bay, where I was told there was a French settlement. I sent ashore to see the houses and manner of living of the inhabitants—there are but a few families with tolerable wooden houses covered with bark, a good many cattle and clear ground more than serves themselves—they seem to be very peaceable, say they always looked upon themselves as English subjects, have their grants from Colonel Mascarene, the Governor of Annapolis, and showed an unfeigned joy to hear of the new settlement. They assure us the Indians are quite peaceable and not at all to be feared—there are none hereabouts.
I have, &c., ED. CORNWALLIS.
(From the Duplicate.)
This Frenchman will be there in three or four days—'tis 25 leagues from hence to Minas, and the French have made a path for driving their cattle over here.
Governor Cornwallis to Duke of Bedford.[107]
Chebucto, July 23rd, 1749.
My Lord,—
My last to Your Grace was of June 22nd, a duplicate of which is enclosed,—the 27th, the transports appeared off the harbor and in a few days most of them got in. As their passage had been extremely good and none of them had in the least suffered, I found they would be ready to sail the moment the settlers should be put ashore. I despatched a sloop to Boston to countermand the order I had given, and sent to Mr. Hopson to let him know I would send in a few days transports to bring away his garrison. Mr. Hopson had wrote me that he had agreed with Desherbier, the French Commissary, to make use of the French transports upon condition that in case the English ships should arrive before they were all on board he should be at liberty to disembark them. I sent him one the 1st of July and four more, the largest of the fleet, the 5th. I own I was much disappointed in finding Mr. Hopson unprovided with transports as I never had the least intimation that he was to wait for the ships that should bring the settlers. I have an account from Boston of July 3rd that my second order got there soon enough to prevent all but one from sailing, but as they were all hired this will cause some expense; they write me it will not be much.
July 8, I received from Mr. Hopson copies of letters from Governor Shirley and Colonel Mascarene giving an account of the French having begun a settlement and a fort at the mouth of the St. John River. As my instructions direct me to prevent all such encroachments, and particularly mention that River as of the greatest consequence, I next day sent Capt. Rous of the Albany with a small sloop to attend him with orders to the commanding officers at Annapolis to furnish him with troops if demanded. Copies of my letter to Capt. Rous and one to the commander of St. John's, I send You Grace enclosed. I hope what I have done in this affair will meet with Your Grace's approbation. July 12th I heard from Governor Shirley, that he had sent the Boston to Annapolis to receive my instructions about the affair of St. John's. I sent Capt. Pearse the same directions I had given to Capt. Rous, and a copy of the declaration asserting His Majesty's rights. As to Port Mouton which is mentioned in these letters, I believe it was a mistake occasioned by the French having put in there in their way to St. John's.
I shall now lay before Your Grace our proceedings at Chebucto.
Colonel Mascarene arrived here on the 12th with five of the Council; next day I opened to them His Majesty's commission, and took the oaths; the day following I nominated the members of a new Council:
Colonel Mascarene.[108] Mr. Benj. Green.
Capt. How.Mr. Salisbury.
Capt. Gorham.Mr. Davidson.
I have added since, Mr. Steel.
As, perhaps, no copies were taken of the plans sent me of the harbor, I send along with this a copy of Durel's plan. Your Grace will see that the place I have fixed for the town is on the west side of the harbor—'tis upon the side of a hill which commands the whole peninsula and shelters the town from the north-west winds. From the shore to the top of the hill is about half a mile, the ascent very gentle, the soil is good, there is convenient landing for boats all along the beach and good anchorage within gunshot of the shore for the largest ships. In Durel's plan the two points that make the entrance to Bedford Bay are marked as the places proper to fortify, which is likewise taken notice of by Mr. Knowles. Their view must then have been to have the settlement within that bay. This would have been subject to great inconveniences. In the first place, it would be too far up for the fishermen, it being about five leagues from the entrance of the harbor to these points, and the beach all along as proper for curing their fish as can possibly be imagined, so that no fisherman would ever have thought of going within these forts—indeed no ships would choose to go so far, as no finer harbor can be than that of Chebucto, which reaches from these points to Sandwich River,[109] so that notwithstanding of any forts upon these points an enemy's fleet might lie secure and indeed block up all ships within the bay. The proper places to fortify for the defence of the harbor seem to be Sandwich Point and the bank opposite to it. George's Island lies likewise very convenient for a battery to defend both the harbor and the town. It contains about ten or twelve acres. It was there I landed the settlers from on board the ships sent to Louisbourg—I have now a guard there and stores, and propose to build a magazine upon it for powder.
As there was not one yard of clear ground, Your Grace will imagine our difficulty and what work we have to do. However, they have already cleared above 12 acres and I hope to begin my own house in two days; I have a small frame and planks ready.
The Indians are hitherto very peaceable, many of them have been here with some Chiefs; I made them small presents, told them I had instructions from His Majesty to offer them friendship and all protection and likewise presents which I should deliver as soon as they should assemble their tribes and return with powers to enter into treaty and exchange their French commissions for others in His Majesty's name.
Three of the French Deputies have been here to know what is to be their condition for the future; I gave them copies of His Majesty's Declaration and copies of the Oath of Allegiance which I told them they must take without any condition or reservation, but in the same manner as His Majesty's English subjects;—they pretend their only difficulty is from fear of the Indians in case of a French war. I have ordered all the Deputies to come here and expect them in a few days. I think 'tis necessary to show them that 'tis in our power to master them or to protect them, and therefore I design to send as soon as possible two companies to Minas with orders to build a barrack and stay there the winter. I shall also send an armed sloop into the Bay of Minas to prevent all correspondence with the French by sea; another company I shall send to the head of the bay where the road to Minas begins. I propose, likewise, a blockhouse half way for the conveniency of travellers, and then to employ all the men I can get together, soldiers and inhabitants, to clear the road from hence to Minas; 'tis about 30 miles in a direct line—whether this can be executed before winter I cannot say. Had the garrison of Louisbourg been arrived, they would have been of infinite advantage; at present I have only one company of Hopson's, one of Warburton's and 60 of Gorham's Rangers.[110]
A list of the civil officers I shall be able to send Your Grace by the next ships that sail, with an account of what further progress we shall have made.
I am, &c., ED. CORNWALLIS.
To His Grace the Duke of Bedford.
FOOTNOTES:
J.
Names of the Members of the Sun Fire Company of Halifax in the Year 1819.
John W. Pyke.
John Tremain.
Michael Tobin.
Stephen W. DeBlois.
Charles Hill.
John Owen.
Richard Tremain.
Henry Taylor.
J. E. Butler.
David Shaw Clarke.
James Grant.
James Kerby.
William Bowie.
Alexander Creighton.
John Letson.
Alexander Fiddis.
William Lawson.
Adam DeChezeau, Jr.
Andrew Smith.
John Liddell.
Joseph Dolby.
William Milward, Jr.
Azor Stephens.
Joseph Marchington.
Lawrence Hartshorne, Jr.
Robert Lyons, Jr.
John Howe, Jr.
James T. Alport.
Henry Austin.
John Carroll.
Joseph Allison.
Lewis E. Piers.
W. Bremner.
Samuel Story.
George N. Russell.
James Russell.
E. J. Hopson.
Samuel Cunard.
Enos Collins.
James Cogswell.
James Dupuy.
Lewis DeMolitor.
Temple F. Piers.
Edward Alport.
John Salter.
John Moody.
George Mitchell.
S. Morris.
John Ferguson.
W. N. Silver.
James Bain.
William K. Reynolds.
Charles Boggs.
Miles W. White.
A. McDonald.
H. Ford.
D. McColl.
Absent Members.
P. Sennerats, London.
Mark Etter, Trinidad.
James Barlow, London.
John Telford, Scotland.
G. W. Anderson, Glasgow.
James Walker, Chester.
Members Lately Deceased.
John Henry.
Thomas Leo DeWolf.
James Bell.
Robert Lyon.
Samuel T. Prescott.
Winkworth Allen.
John Buchan.
Thomas Austin, Jr.
Peter Bain.
K.
From the Gentlemen's Magazine, Vol. 20, 1750. (June.)
The Town of Halifax is entirely built according to the plan given in our last February number, and many additional buildings are carrying on. The barracks for the soldiers are completed and the fort at the mouth of the harbor will soon be in a good posture of defence.
The story in the papers of the Indians burning a town of 200 houses is without foundation.
Major Lawrence, of Warburton's Regiment at Nova Scotia, appointed Lieut.-Col. of Governor Cornwallis' Regiment and Lieut. Governor of Annapolis Royal. (July number of the Magazine, 1750.)
August, 1750. Halifax, Nova Scotia.—The fishery here is extremely good, one company only having 1400 or 1500 quintals of good dry fish ready to ship for a foreign market, and others also have been very successful. Mr. Brown, gardener to Governor Cornwallis, with his son and four others, going out two or three miles from the town, were beset by the Indians, who killed him and his son; the latter they buried, but the other body was found on the ground scalped, and brought hither and buried; the four others, it is feared, are killed or carried off. The Indians have also attacked and scalped seven men that were at work on the other side of the harbor. Parties are gone out to repel them.
L.
Return of the 1st Company of Halifax Volunteer Artillery, Under the Command of Captain Richard Tremain, 6th July, 1812.
Peter Robb, Sergt. Major.
John Brown,Sergeants.
Wm. Forsyth,
Thos. Fenerty,
John Rogers,
Charles Dunbrack,Corpls.
Thomas Nelson,
John D. Scott,
William Rudolf,
David Muirhead,Bomb'rs.
William Story, Jr.,
Martin Piazza,
John Tremain.
Frederick Major.
William Gorham.
James McAllen.
John Miller.
William Bond.
John Peeples.
William O'Brien.
Alexander Smith.
George Morin.
Francis Story.
George Nock.
Samuel Lydiard.
Benjamin Marshall.
Benjamin Kingston.
Peter Hay.
Frederick Kringle.
John Henry.
William Smith.
Martin Gay Black.
Leslie Moffatt.
John Phillips.
Frederick Runvell.
Francis Muncey.
Robert Grinton.
George O'Brien.
Morgan Doyle.
Daniel Fraser.
Alexander May.
Thomas Gentles.
John Pendergrass.
William Stairs.
John N. Ford.
Nicholas Wright.
Samuel Black.
Azor Stevens.
Henry Monson.
Dennis Connor.
Paul Cermanatti.
Henry Wright.
Abner Stowell.
William Schwartz.
Peter McNab.
Thomas Muirhead.
Alexander Fiddis.
Herven Cameron.
Thomas Simmons.
William H. Barry.
John Hussey.
Thomas Richey.
John McPherson.
Fred'k John Knight.
John Cobb.
Thomas Smith, Jr.
Daniel Ferguson.
Charles W. Hill.
William Murray.
Thomas Beamish.
Nicholas Vass.
Alexander Clarke.
Joseph Lordley.
Henry Boyer.
John Bonnell.
Henry Warner.
David Hutton.
Ralph Turnbull.
Donald Fraser.
James Wilson.
John Forrest.
John F. Salter.
John Fillis.
Richard Scott.
William Strachan, Jr.
John Simpson.
Robert Fraser.
James Cogswell.
John Buchan.
Wyndham Madden.
James Leishman.
Hugh Gall.
Alexander Smith.
Joshua Lee.
Robert Field.
Halifax, July 6th, 1812.
Sgd. RICHARD TREMAIN, Capt. H. V. A.