Note 83 — ARAB REFERENCES.1

Capital and Port Towns. Broach.Broach (Báhrúj, Bárúh, Bárús) is one of the places first attacked by the Muslim Arabs. In the fifteenth year of the Hijrah (a.d. 636) the Khalífah Umar appointed Usmán son of Abdul Ási to Bahrein. Usmán sent Hakam to Bahrein and Hakam despatched a float to Báráúz (or Broach).83 Al Biláduri (a.d. 892–93) speaks of Junnaid the son of Abdur Rahmán Al Murri on his appointment to the frontier of Sindh in the Khiláfat of Hishám bin Abdal Malik (a.d. 724–743) sending an expedition by land against Bárús (Broach) … and overrunning Jurz84 (Gujarát). Ibni Khurdádbah (a.d. 912) enumerates Bárúh among the countries of Sindh.85 Broach is next noticed86 by Al Bírúni (a.d. 970–1039) as standing near the estuary of the river Narbada, as 120 miles (30 parasangs) from Debal, and as being with Rahanjur (Ránder) the capital of Lárdes. In describing the coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean Al Masúdi (a.d. 915–944) speaks of Broach as بَروُص‎ Barús adding from which come the famous lance shafts called Bárúsi.87 Al Idrísi (a.d. 1100) mentions88 Bárúh as a large town well-built of brick and plaster, the inhabitants rich, engaged in trade and ready to enter upon speculations and distant expeditions, a port for vessels coming from China and Sindh, being two days’ journey from Saimúr (Cheul) and eight days from Nahrwára Anhilwára Pattan. In the fourteenth century (a.d. 1325) Broach is described as in the flames of the insurrection Appendix V. Arab References, a.d. 851–1350. caused by the foreign amírs or nobles of the hot-tempered and impolitic Muhammad bin Tughlak (a.d. 1325–1351) who visited it in person to quell their revolt. Ziá-ud-dín Barni the famous annalist of his reign and the author of the Tárikh-i-Fírúz Sháhi speaks of his deputation to Broach by Malik Kabír the future Sultán Fírúz Sháh with a letter to the Sultán.89