Index.
Reading edition
The figures refer to the pages, without distinction of text from foot-notes.
Abbé Paris, miracles of, 150.
Abélard; a nominalist, 9;
character of, 81;
works of, 81;
Sic et Non, 82-84;
different opinions concerning his scepticism, 84;
a Biblical critic, 85.
Accommodation, principle of, 222;
used by English divines, 223.
Acts, book of, controversy in Germany concerning, 367.
Ahmed Ibn Zain Elebedin, a Mahometan writer against Christianity, 389.
Alexander Hales (Alesius), a scholastic, 90.
Alexander of Aphrodisias, Pantheism at Padua derived from, 101.
Alexander of Pontus, named by Lucian, 47, 51.
Alexander VII. pope, prohibits Lucian's Peregrinus, 50.
Alexandrian school of Fathers, 59;
opinions held concerning the relation of Christianity to other religions, 386.
Allegory, distinguished from myth and parable, 269.
Allen's Modern Judaism, 387.
Alphonso de Spina, treatise against Mahometans, 388.
Amyntor of Toland, 129.
Angelo Mai, edition by, of Fronto, 48;
of Porphyry's letter to Marcella, 71.
Annet Paul, a Deist writer, 143.
Anselm, view of the Atonement, 69;
works of, 461.
Apollinaris, 455, 456.
Apollonius of Tyana, 47, 62 seq. 408.
Apologetic, office of, 159.
Apologetic Lectures. See Lectures.
Apologies of early fathers, 453;
Pressensé's mode of classifying, 453;
sources for studying, 454, 460;
table of, 455;
African school of, 457;
Alexandrian school of, 457;
peculiarity of and inferiority to modern, 460.
Apprehend, how distinguished from comprehend, 369.
Aquinas, his dogmatic position defensive, 9, 462.
Argens. See D'Argens.
Arian tendency in English church, 392.
Ariosto, sceptical jests in, 95.
Aristotle, criticism on Plato by, 42.
Arminius, 392; Arminians, Ib.
Arndt, J. a Pietist, 424.
Arnobius's Apology, 458.
Arnold of Brescia, 85.
Arnold, German church historian, pref. xvii.
Ass, worship of, imputed to Christians, 405.
Association mental, works on, 355.
Astroc, first to distinguish documents in Genesis, 254.
Atheism, causes of in modern times, 358;
history of the uses of the term, 413.
Athenagoras, apology of, 456.
Atonement, 335, 360, 366, 369, 386;
literary history of, 368.
Aufklürung-zeit, 227.
Augustin on Porphyry, 62;
De Civ. Dei, 459;
comparison with Aquinas, 460.
Aurellus, Marcus, views of, 45.
Averroes, influence of, 90;
altered tone of Christians towards, ib.;
pantheism derived from, 100;
threefold influence of, 101.
Avesta Zend, 382.
Bacon, influence of, 10;
works respecting, 105;
his philosophy of method, 117.
Bahrdt, disciple of Semler, 227.
Balguy, Dr. works on the Christian evidences, 467.
Bampton, John, 207.
Bampton Lectures, 37, 39, 366, 368, 385, 469.
Bangorian Controversy, 125.
Baronius, the church historian, pref. xvi.
Barre. See La Barre.
Bartholmess, le Scept. Theol. 19;
Hist. Crit. 25.
[pg 478]
Bartollocci, Lexicon, 386.
Basedow, institutions of, 219, 227.
Basle, theology of the university of, 444.
Bauer, Bruno, 275.
Bauer, L. 441.
Baumgarten-Crusius, 41, 442.
Baur, Chr. of Tübingen, work on Gnosis, 39;
on Celsus, 50;
on Apollonius, 62;
theological position, 278;
life and works, 436.
Bautain, abbé, 448.
Bayle, 168.
Bazard, the Simonian, 294.
Beard's Voices of the Church, 273.
Beaufort, critic of Roman history, 144.
Bello, Italian poet, 95.
Bembo, cardinal, 96.
Benedictines on Abélard's Sic et Non, 83.
Bengel, 17, 132.
Bentham, Jeremy, remarks on by J. S. Mill, 310.
Bentley, Phalaris, 132;
Phileleutherus Lipsiensis, 464.
Berkeley, Bp. 149, 236.
Berlin, university of, 218, 241, 244.
Bernard, St. contest of with Abélard, 81, 82.
Berry Street Lecture, 466.
Beugnot, Les Juiss, 385.
Bhagavat Gitá, 382.
Bible, statement of modern difficulty on, 372.
Biblia Pauperum, 222.
Bibliander, collection of works against Mahometanism, 388.
Bibliolatry, origin of the term, 233.
Bibliotheca Fratrum Polonorum, 391.
Bibliotheca Sacra, 45, 250, 279, 436, 439, pref. xvii.
Biddle, J. the English unitarian, 392.
Bilderdyk, Dutch poet, 446.
Bini Carlo, Italian poet, 16.
Biographical treatment of doubt, use of, 32 seq.
Biran. See De Biran.
Blackball, against Toland, 129.
Blackwood's Magazine on Renan, 302.
Bleda's Defensio Fidei, 388.
Blount, C. the deist, 64, 123, 124.
Blount, Prof. works of, 369, 466.
Boccaccio, Le Tre Aunella, 89.
Boethius quotes Porphyry on predication, 56, 79.
Bolingbroke, works and opinions, 144 seq.
Bolton, Hulsean Prize Essay, 73, 451.
Bonald, 448.
Boone, Shergold, argument on divine attributes, 26.
Boulmier, Life of Bayle, 168.
Boyle, Robert, 207, 466.
Boyle Lectures, 466; list of several, 467.
Bretschneider, German Theologian, 231, 234, 268.
Bridgewater Treatises, 469.
British Quarterly Review, on Italian Renaissance, 94;
on Spinoza, 106;
on German theology, 232;
on Schleiermacher, 241;
on modern German theology, 284;
on Comte, 295.
Browne, Dr. Peter, 466.
Brucker on Scholastic philosophy, 77.
Bruno Giordano, 102.
Buchanan on Atheism, 469.
Buckle, on the state of France in the eighteenth century, 164;
on office of free thought, 349.
Buddeus, 419.
Buddhism, 46, 383, 385.
Buddhist pilgrims, 382.
Bunsen, Chevalier, 250.
Burgh, reputed a deist, 202.
Burnouf, Eugene on Zend, 381.
Burton, Dr. on Gnostics, 39, 40.
Butler, Bp. relation to Shaftesbury, 131;
account of his works, 157 seq.;
points in his Analogy weakened, 157;
attacks on the Analogy, 158;
his originality, 158;
his position, 362;
Whewell on his Ethics, 369;
value of, 451, 466, 467.
Butler, Charles, works of, 110, 164, 165.
Buxtorf, on Hebrew vowel points, 113.
Byron, Vision of Judgment, 95;
his scepticism, 203.
Cabanis, 191, 290.
Cabbala, Franck on, 39.
Calas, the family of, 171.
Calderon, 95.
Campanella, 102.
Canon, date when fixed, 58;
works on, 58;
Toland on, 129.
Cantacuzene, 388.
Canz of Tübingen, 216.
Capellus, on Hebrew vowel points, 113.
Cappadose, 445.
Cardan, 102.
Carlisle, an unbeliever in the present century, 202.
Carlyle, T. his works and influence, 315 seq.
Carmen Memoriale, 385.
Causes in Christianity for a struggle with free thought, 1, 2;
in the nature of man for ditto, 13-32;
moral causes of doubt, pref. vii.; 13, 14-18, 348, 464;
intellectual of ditto, 30;
instances of, 17;
why selected for study, pref., 345;
peculiarity of analysis of them, 346;
of unbelief in old heathens, 71;
of ditto in the present age, 358;
why the work is written, pref. xii.
Celsus, named, S; character and life, 50, 76;
work of analysed, 50 seq.;
discussed, 403;
Pressensè on, 403.
Century, nineteenth, comparison of with third century A.D. 356, 357.
Chaldee letters, when introduced into Judæa, 385.
Chalmers's works, 468.
Chandlers, the, against Collins, 466.
Change of tone in modern doubt, 308.
[pg 479]
Channing, 392.
Charron, 168.
Chateaubriand, 291.
Chissuk Emuna, 386.
Christianity not Mysterious, of Toland, 127;
ditto as old as Creation, of Tindal, 138.
Christianity, peculiarities in it which are the ground of attack by free thought, 1, 2.
See Cause.
Christian Remembrancer, on French preachers, 300.
Christology of Strauss, 433.
Chronicles, Books of, works on, 17.
Chrysostom, compared to Bernard, 460.
Chubb, T. the deist, 142.
Church, see History, English, French.
Classification of German theologians, 439.
Claudius, 243.
Clement, the apology of, 457.
Clementines, the, 47, 400.
Clergy, education of in reference to doubt, 344.
Cocceius, allegorical interpretation of, 222.
Cocquerel, the two, 449.
Colani, 305, 448.
Coleridge, 25, 316;
Mill on, 310;
his system described, 330 seq.;
literature concerning, 331;
on inspiration, 474.
Collard, Royer, 447.
Collins, the Deist, on Daniel, 60;
views of explained, 133 seq.
Combe, 312.
Communism, French, 292, 294.
Comparative study of religions, see Religion.
Comte, 32; system explained, 295 seq. 312.
Condillac, 148, 167.
Conferences in Paris, history of, 300.
Congregational Lectures, 466.
Consciousness, the Christian, 246, 372.
Constant, Benjamin, Polytheisme, 44, 88;
De la Religion, 387, 447.
Convocation, proceedings of against Toland, 128.
Cosmas Indicopleustes, 70.
Costa, see Da Costa.
Coteries in Paris in eighteenth century, 178, 421.
Courcelles, disturbs readings of the Text, 132.
Cousin, 22, 26, 27;
on Spinoza, 107;
system explained, 296 seq. 396, 447.
Coward, a materialist, 122.
Coward Lecture, 466.
Crescens, attack of on Christianity, 48.
Creuzer, on mythology, 450.
Criticism, two kinds of, pref. ix.;
standard for in this work, pref. xi.;
science of created by the Germans, 210.
Cyril, work of against Julian, 410, 459.
Da Costa, converted Jew at Amsterdam, 445.
Daillé, on Ignatian Epistles, 132.
D'Alembert, 178.
Damascenus, J. 388.
Damiron, pref. xx.; 191.
Daniel, Book of, Porphyry's attack on, 60 seq.;
commentators on, ib.;
Greek words in, ib.;
peculiarities of, ib.;
difficulties concerning it stated, 407.
Dante on Averroes, 90.
D'Argens, work on Julian, 65, 177.
Darwin's theory of species, 79.
Daub, German theologian, 265.
D'Aubigné of Geneva, 444.
Davidson, Dr. S. on Job, 5; on Inspiration, 474.
De Biran, 394, 447.
De Bonald, 448.
D'Eckstein, 448.
Deism, in England, 11;
division of, 116, 126, 144;
name explained, 118;
peculiarities of English, 154;
introduced into Germany, 214, 216, 217, 338, 415;
compared with unitarianism, 328.
De la Monnaie, on the De Tribus Impostoribus, 412.
Deluge, difficulties on, 18.
De Maistre, 19, 300, 447.
Demoniacs, Semler on, 223.
Dèmonstrations Evangeliques, a collection of works on Evidences, 464.
De Prades, 177.
De Pressensé, see Pressensé.
Descartes, 10;
works on, 106;
method of, 117.
De Tracy, 191.
Dewar on German theology, pref. xxiv.
De Wette, 18, 252, 429.
D'Holbach, 181 seq.
Διαλεκτική of Plato, 78.
Diderot, life and works, 179 seq.
Difenbach's Jud. Convert. and Jud. Convers. 386.
Difficulties, chief in the present day, 357, 366 seq.
Disputatio Jechielis, 385.
Dodwell, a deistical pamphlet of, 143.
Dogmatic theology in Germany in seventeenth century, 212.
Dolet, 168.
Döllinger's Judenthum, 42.
Donnellan Lecture, 466.
Dorner's Person Christi, 280; pref.
Dort, synod of, 212.
Doubt, causes of, see Cause, Biographic, Change, Utility.
Douglas, Bp. J. Criterion, 151.
Dragonnades, 165.
Dura, image of, 407.
Ecclesiastes, book of, 5.
Eclectic school in France, 297, 446;
new school of, 301.
Ecrasez l'infame, explained, 175.
Edelmann, 227.
Edinburgh Review on Correlation of Force, 354;
on mental association, 355.
Education of the clergy at the present time, 344.
[pg 480]
Education of the World, Lessing not the real author of, 87.
Eichhorn, rationalism of, 232.
El, in composition of proper names, 431.
Eleatic schools, 84.
Ellis on Divine Things, 470.
Elohim, 255.
Emerson, remarks on, 317.
Encyclopædists in France, 180.
Enfantin, the St. Simonian, 294.
England, unbelief in, Lect. IV. and V.;
modern forms of, Lect. VIII. and 329 seq.;
books of, 338.
English church, subdivisions of the history of, 467.
English divines, seven chief, 289.
English, works of Evidences in, 465 seq.
works on Inspiration, 475.
Epicureans, opinions of on religion, 42, 43.
Episcopius, 392.
Ernesti, 220.
Erskine's Evidences, 469.
Esprit fort, compared with freethinker, 416.
Essays and Reviews, 330, 336.
Este, Alphonso de, 228.
Ethical school, rise of in England, 146.
Eusebius on Porphyry, 56 seq.;
reply to Hierocles, 408, 459, 460.
Euthymius Zigabenus, 388.
Evanson on the Gospels, 422.
Everlasting Gospel, Franciscan book so called, 86 seq.
Evidences, history of, 362;
in early church, 453, 455;
in the Alexandrian school, 364;
alteration in, according to time and place, 41, 460;
in the middle age, 461;
at the Renaissance, 462;
in France in eighteenth century, 194, 207, 470;
in Germany, 365, 472;
in England, 464;
Butler, 157;
modern books on, 343, 433;
subdivision of history of, 452;
two modes of studying, 451;
external, 73, 451, 453;
why less used in early church, 73, 453;
internal, 444;
value of in eighteenth century, 370;
instances of value, 362, 364;
logical force of, 15, 451;
opposition to, whence, 208.
Ewald, 252, 258, 430.
Ewing, Greville, on Jews, 387.
Fabricius, J. A. 13;
works on Jewish controversy, 386.
Fabricius, J. Consid. Var. Controv. 387.
Fairness necessary in the inquiry, 346.
Farmer on Demons, 202.
Fathers of the fourth century, 460.
Feeling used as a test of truth, 29, 30.
Félix, Père, 300.
Ferrara, court of, 228.
Feuerbach, 275.
Fichte, 236.
Ficinus, De Rel. Christ. 462.
Fiction modern, pantheistic character of, 318.
Fleury, the historian, pref. xvii.
Fleury, opinion on English literature, 169.
Fontenelle, 168, 193, 201.
Foreign Quarterly Review on Tholuck, 285.
Formula Concordiæ, 212.
Formula Consensus, 113.
Foscolo on Romantic epic, 94.
Foster, 467.
Fourier, 293.
Fox, W. J. Religious Ideas, 338.
Foxton, Popular Christianity, 338.
France, state of when infidelity arose in eighteenth century, 164;
sources of freethinking in, 178;
school at beginning of century, 290;
evidences in, 470.
Franck on Cabbala, 89, 382;
on Salvador, 299.
Francke, A. H. the Pietist, 424.
Fraser's Magazine, on utilitarianism, 27;
on pantheism in the university of Paris, 299;
on Renan, 302.
Frederick II, blasphemy concerning three impostors, 88.
Frederick II, of Prussia, 176, 217.
Freethinker explained, 416.
Freethought, critical history of, pref. ix.;
three kinds of, pref. v.;
law expressing the mode of its operation, 6-11;
four epochs of its action, 7-11;
office of in history, 348, 352;
political character of in middle ages, 76, 91;
change in modern forms of it, 307, 352;
use of inquiry into, 35 seq. 342;
causes which made it turn into unbelief, 13 seq.
French church under Bourbons, 301.
French protestant church. See Protestant.
French revolution, religious aspects of, 188.
Fries, German philosopher, 252.
Fronto's attack on Christianity, 48.
Galen, speaks of Christianity, 401.
Galileo, 350.
Gallican liberties, 165.
Gaussen, writer on Theopneustie, 444, 474.
Geddes, Dr. works of, 422.
Gellius Aulus, remark on Peregrinus, 49.
Genesis, De Wette on, 256.
Genthe, F. W. De Impost. Relig. 412.
Geology, difficulties arising from, 315.
Gerard on evidences, 55, 452.
Gerhardt, German hymn-writer, 424.
Germany; works of evidence in, 472;
literature of, 210;
patriotism in liberative war, 240;
philosophy of, 235 seq.;
theology of, subdivision of, 211;
three periods in its history, 218;
sources of, 439;
classification of, 440.
Gfrörer, 436.
Gibbon, works criticised, 196 seq.
[pg 481]
Gibson, Bp. Pastorals of against Woolston, 137, 466.
Gildon's Oracles of Reason, 124.
Gnostics 8, 40.
Godwin, Political Justice, 200.
Goerres, German mystical philosopher, 241.
Göttingen, university of, 219.
Göze, opponent of Reimarus, 226.
Gospels, controversy on explained, 267, 268.
Graffito blasfemo, 405.
Grant, Sir A. on stoics, 45, 351.
Graves, on Pentateuch, 468.
Greece, state of in fifth century B.C. 351.
Greek words in the book of Daniel, 60.
Greg, W. R. Creed of Christendom of, 321.
Gregory IX. pope, remark on Frederick II. 88.
Grimm, baron, 178.
Groen Van Printsterer. See Printsterer.
Gröningen party in Dutch church, 445.
Grote on Greek mythology, 5;
on sophists, 42;
on state of Greece in fifth century B.C. 351.
Grotius, De Ver. Chr. Relig. 464.
Grove on correlation of force, 354.
Guadagnoli, a writer against Mahometanism, 355.
Guhrauer, on Lessing, 426.
Guizot on Prayer, 395.
Gurlitt on Wolfenbüttel Fragments, 426.
Gustavus Adolphus association, 286.
Gutskow, 276.
Hadrian, mention of Christianity, 401.
Hävernick, 283.
Hagenbach, pref. xxiv.
Hallam, subdivision of historical inquiry by, 379.
Halle, pietistic oppostion to Wolff at, 215;
university of, 219, 244;
orphan-house at, 424.
Hamilton, sir W. criticism on Cousin, 28, 433.
Hampden, Bp. Philosophical Evidences of Christianity on Butler, 157.
Hardwick, Christ and other Masters, 381, 382.
Harms's Theses, 201.
Hartley, 148.
Hauréau on scholasticism, 80.
Heathens, ancient, opposition to Christianity, Lect. II,;
religious tendencies among, 42 seq.;
reaction in favour of, 44;
parallel to the struggle with, 40, 73;
few references to Christianity among, 400.
Hebrew monarchy, F. Newman on, 326;
people, Ewald's history of, 430.
Hegel, 237, 268;
compared with Heraclitus, 433.
Hegelian philosophy, 263;
contrasted with that of Schleiermacher, 265.
Hegelian school, subdivided, 266;
young school of, 438.
Heine, H. the poet, 16, 276.
Helvetius, works, 181 seq.
Hengstenberg, 283;
on Job, 5;
on Pentateuch, 254.
Henke, pref. xvii.; 233.
Hennell, S., 198, 322, 323.
Herbart, German philosopher, creator of a realistic tendency, 438.
Herbert of Cherbury, works. 118 seq.
Herder, 228, 239.
Hermes, professor at Bonn, 240.
Hermias, apology of, 457.
Herzog's Real-Encycl. 17, 228, 241.
Hey, professor at Cambridge, 392.
Hierocles. 62;
Eusebius's work against, 408.
Hieronymus, see Jerome.
Hieronymus Xavier, see Xavier.
Hilgenfeld, professor at Jena, 436.
Hindu, literature, 382;
philosophy, 383.
Historic evidences of Christianity, 147.
Historic method of study in philosophy, 31, 379, 380, 396;
the peculiarity of this age, pref. xiii.
History, threefold phase of, 2, 3, 379.
History of church, writers on, pref. xvii.
Hobbes, works, 121 seq.
Holland, sir H. on force, 354.
Holland, modern theology of, 445;
remonstrants, 110.
Holsten, Vita Porphyrii, 56.
Holyoake, G. J. 312.
Hoornbeek, Summa Controv. 296, 382, 386, 393.
Hottinger, Historia Orientalis, 386, 389.
Houtteville, pref. xv.; 41, 62, 470.
Huet, 19, 59, 450, 470.
Hütten, Ulric von, 99
Hulse, founder of the Lecture, 207, 466.
Hulsius, 386.
Hume, 148 seq.;
Essay on miracles, 150.
Hundeshagen, 10; pref. xxiv.
Hyper-Lutheranism, 284.
Iamblichus, life of Pythagoras by, 64.
Idea, first used in a subjective sense by Descartes, 422.
Idealism, difficulties arising from school of, 312.
Ideology explained, 185, 421.
Ignatian epistle, 49.
Illgen's Zeitschrift, 87;
on Reimarus, 426.
Illuminism, name explained, 227.
Imbonati, 386.
Impostoribus, De Tribus, legendary book so called, 89, 412.
Infidel, word discussed, 413.
Infidelity in France, 11;
division of, 169;
summary of, 193 seq.;
in England after the French revolution, 200.
Infinity, different theories on our knowledge of, 108.
Inspiration, psychological analysis of, 29;
[pg 482]
view of in Germany in the seventeenth century, 113, 212, 333, 337, 373;
history of, 473;
opinions of English divines concerning, 475;
literature of, 475.
Interpretation, history of, 221;
Semler's historic method, 221;
methods of, 222;
Strauss's account of, 271.
Intuition, relation of to religion as a test of truth, 27-29, 394;
compared with νοῦς, 331.
Isaac, Rabbin, 385.
Jacobi, German philosopher, 236, 238.
Jehovah, discussion on name, 255, 430;
used in composition of Hebrew proper names, 431.
Jena, university of, 228.
Jenkins, writer on evidences, 467.
Jerome, passages of about Porphyry, 58 seq.
Jerusalem, temple of, Julian's attempt to rebuild, 67.
Jerusalem, German theologian, 226.
Jewish controversy against Christianity, 12, 384 seq.
Jews, reformed, 387.
Joachim, author of Everlasting Gospel, 86.
Job, Book of, 5.
John of Parma, author of the preface to Everlasting Gospel, 86.
Jouffroy, French philosopher, 447.
Journal, Kitto's; on inspiration, 473.
Journalism, French, 294.
Jowett, Professor, 62, 330, 382.
Julia Domna, 63.
Julian. S;
life of. 64, 65, 72;
acts of, 66;
book against Christians by, 68, 410;
rebuilding of temple by, 67.
Justin Martyr, 354, 384; apologies, 456.
Kahnis, work on German protestantism, pref. xxv.; 218.
Kant, relation of his view to religion, 27;
compared with Abélard, 84;
spread of his philosophy, 228;
spirit of it, 269;
theology of, 229 seq.;
division of rationalists by, 416.
Keil on Chronicles, 17.
Kidder, Demonstration of Messias, 386.
Kingsley, C. 32, 46, 330.
Kirchenbund, and Kirchentag, 285.
Kirchoff, discoveries on contents of solar atmosphere, 355.
Kitto's Biblical Cyclæpedia, on Job, 5;
on Isaiah, 254;
on Interpretation, 220;
on accommodation, 222;
on Daniel, 408.
Klose on Reimarus, 426.
Koerner, the poet, 240.
Koestlin, 436.
Kortholt, De Relig. Mahom., 370;
De Tribus Impost. 412, 414;
Paganus Obtrectator, 404.
Krebsius on Lucian, 402.
Kuenen, professor at Leyden, 446.
Labarre, 170.
Labbeus, Concilia, 87.
Laotantius, Divin. Instit., 458.
Lake school of poetry, 239, 309.
Lambert, St., 178.
Lamennais, 447.
La Mettrie, 177.
Landscape art of England, 309.
Lardner's works, Lect. II. passim; pref. xix; 466, 468.
Larroque, sceptical works of, 299.
Latitude party in the English church in time of Charles II. 392.
Laurent's works, 76.
Lavator, 243.
Laws of contradiction and sufficient reason, 215.
Lay scholars among reformers, 212.
Lechler, Gesch. des Engl. Deismus, pref. xx.
Leclerc on inspiration, 113.
Lectures apologetic, Boyle, &c. 466.
Lee, Dr. S., tracts on Mahometanism, 390;
on German theology, pref.
Lee, Dr. W. on inspiration, 114, 473.
Leibnitz, philosophy of, 214.
Leipsic, school of, 219.
Leland on Deism, pref. xviii.
Leman lake, exiles of, 199.
Le Moyne, Varia Sacra, 389.
Leopardi, Italian poet, 15.
Lerminier, De l' influence, &c. 447.
Leslie, C. Method with Deists, 467.
Lessing, works, 238, 426;
authorship of his Education of the World, 87.
Libre pensée, pref. v.; 416.
Limborch, Amica Collatio, 386, 392.
Lime Street Lecture, 466.
Lindsay, lord, Scepticism a retrogression, pref. xvi.
Lippman, Rabbin, 385.
Literature in France, new tone of in eighteenth century, 166;
Fleury's opinion of, 169.
Lobeck on Mythology, 450.
Locke, 125, 148; Webb on, 167.
Logic, Metaphysics, &c. distinguished, 77;
method of, taught by physical science, 98.
Logical and chronological priority distinguished, 372.
Λόγος of Philo, 332.
Lombard, Peter, 461.
Louis XIV. 166.
Lucian, a sceptic, 43;
Peregr. Prot., 48 seq. 402, 403;
life, 48;
Philopatris, 67, 409.
Lucretius, 43.
Lutheran reaction. See Neo and Hyper Lutheranism.
Lyall, Propæd. Prophet., 152.
Lyons, Infallibility of Human Judgment, 135.
[pg 483]
Lyttleton, on St. Paul, 209, 368, 467.
Mabillon's Bernard, 82.
Macaulay, subdivision of history, 379.
Mackay, R. W. works of, 319 seq.
Macmillan's Magazine on Cowper, &c. 23;
on Miracle Plays, 95.
Maerklin, 34.
Magdeburg Centuries, pref. xvii.
Mahábhárata, 383.
Mahomet. 390.
Mahometans, controversy with, 12, 387, 390.
Maimonides, 107.
Maine de Biran, Eclectic philosopher, 394, 447.
Mandeville, 135.
Mansel, Bampton Lect. 470;
on Kant, 229;
on Fichte, 433.
Maracci, Koran, 389.
Marchand's Dictionnaire de Impostoribus, 412
Maret, 299.
Marheinecke, Hegelian theologian, 265.
Marmontel, 178.
Martineau, J. 321, 338, 392;
on Butler, 157.
Martyn, II. pamphlets on Mahometanism, 390.
Masson, Essays, 33.
Materialism defined, 166;
in Germany, 438.
Maternus, 456.
Maupertnis, 217.
Maurice's Boyle Lectures, 330, 381.
M'Caul's works on Judaism, 387.
M'Cosh, works, 27, 469.
M'Gill on the Chaldee of Daniel, 60.
Mediation school of theology, 241, 279.
Mendelssohn the philosopher, 225.
Metaphysics, 24;
tests of truth in, 25 seq.;
subdivision of, 394.
Mettrie, La, 177.
Miall, E. Bases of Belief, 469.
Michaelis, 220.
Michael Scot, 90.
Micrælios, 386.
Middleton, Conyers, 423.
Migne, Livres Sacrés, 383;
Démonstrations Evangeliques, 464.
Mill, Dr. on Strauss, 273.
Mill, J. S. on variation of terms, 11;
on laws, 32, 311, 380;
on utility, 27;
on society, 32;
on Bentham and Coleridge, 309.
Miller's Bampton Lectures, 366, 468.
Mills, various readings, 132.
Milman on Gibbon, 196.
Milton, compared with Pope and Tennyson, 22.
Minucius Felix, apology, 44, 457.
Miracle Plays, 95.
Miracles, Hume on, 151 seq.;
how distinguished from wonder, 152;
Trench's classification of attacks on, 154.
Miscreant, name explained, 44.
Missions in Germany, 285.
Modern English theology, tendencies in, 329 seq.
Moehter, 240, 250.
Monnaie, de La, 412.
Montaigne, 167.
Montesquieu, 168.
Montgéron on the miracles of Abbé Paris, 150.
Moral causes of doubt. See Cause.
Moral sense, 364, 369.
Moravians, 161, 285.
Morell's works on tests of truth, 19, 22, 25;
on inspiration, 29.
Morgan's works, 140 seq.
Morinus on Hebrew vowel points, 113.
Mornæus, De Ver. 386, 403.
Mosheim on Everlasting Gospel, 86.
Moyer, lady, lecture on Arianism, 466.
Müller, Julius, 250.
Müller, Max, on myths, 270, 450;
on Sanskrit 383.
Müller, Ottfried, on mythology, 450.
Mundt, 276.
Mysticism, instances of, 20, 30.
Myth, distinguished from parable and legend, 233, 269, 270.
Mythology, Grote on, 5;
altered opinion on in present century, 320, 450.
Names proper, in Hebrew, 255, 431.
National Review on Ecclesiastes, 5;
on Swedenborg, 30;
on Gibbon, 196;
on Shelley, 204;
on Strauss, 273;
on J. H. Newman, 310;
on the working classes, 313;
on Theodore Parker, 324;
on the Acts, 367.
Natural history of doubt, peculiarity of inquiry, 346, 347.
Naturalism, term explained, 415;
compared with positivism, 339.
Neander, Lect. II. passim; life and views. 250, 251, 364;
opposed prohibition of Strauss's book, 272.
Neo-Lutheranism, 283.
Neo-Platonism, explained, 46;
works on, 399;
teachers of, 399;
in English theology 332.
Nettement's works on French literary history, 290, 446.
New Testament, questions on, 367.
Newman, F. 17, 34;
works, 323, 326 seq;
Phases 327;
Hebr. Mon. 327.
Nicholai, 219, 224.
Nicholas, Michel, 254, 430, 448.
Niedner's Zeitschrift, on Reimarus, 426.
Nitzch, 250.
Nizzachon, the two, 385.
Nominalism, 9, 81.
North British Review, on Alexandrian school, 221;
on socialism, 276, 292, 294;
on German theology, 284;
on Comte, 205;
on Galileo, 350;
on S. Hennell, 323;
on Vedas, 383;
on Socinianism, 392;
on Vinet, 444;
on apologetic literature, 464.
Norton on Gospels, 40.
[pg 484]
Novalis, 239.
Novel, modern, tendency of, 318.
Oberlin, 243.
Ochino, a unitarian, 99.
Ogilvie, Dr. on doubt, 13.
Olshausen, H. 250.
Ontology explained, 25.
Oracles of Reason of Blount, 124.
Oracles on Christianity, 57.
Orcagna, Averroes in his fresco, 90.
Origen against Celsus, 50, 51, 404, 457;
comparison of with Schleiermacher, 285, 460.
Osiander, comparison of his views with Schleiermacher's, 247.
Oxford movement in church, 424.
See Reaction.
Owen, R. 201 seq. 307.
Owen, R. D. 202.
Padua, university of, philosophy at, 100.
Paine. T. 149 seq.
Painting, early Italian schools of, 96.
Paley, 466.
Panizzi on Romantic Epic, 94.
Pantheism at Padua, 100;
two kinds of, 101, 109;
name explained, 414.
Paolo Giovio, 96.
Para du Phanjas, 464.
Parable, distinguished from myth, 269.
Paris, àbbé, miracles of, 150.
Parker, Theodore, life and writings of, 323, 324.
Pascal, 470.
Patriotism in Germany, 240.
Paulus, German theologian, 232 seq.
Pearson on infidelity, 13, 311.
Pecock, Reginald, 98.
Pentateuch controversy, 254 seq.
Peregrinus Proteus of Lucian, 49 seq. 402.
Persecution, cause of, 404 seq.
Pestalozzi, 383.
Peter, St. joke on in Romantic Epic, 94.
Petrarch on Evidences, 462.
Pfaff, 419.
Phases of Faith, of F. W. Newman, 327.
Philippsohn on Judaism, 387.
Philopatris of Pseudo-Lucian, 67, 409.
Philosophy, scholastic, 78 seq.;
German, 235 seq. 438.
Philostratus's Life of Apollouius, 63 seq.
Physics, difficulties derived from, 350;
teaches logical method, 98.
Physiology, modern discoveries in. 355;
mode of approaching psychology through, 438.
Piers Plowman, the poem, on contemporary scepticism, 90.
Pietism, 213, 424.
Planck, A. on Lucian, 50, 402.
Planck's Sacred Philology, 221.
Plato on Sophists, 42;
doctrines on religion, 45;
Platonic dialectic, 78;
Platonic party at Cambridge in the seventeenth century, 124, 392.
Plurality of worlds, 201.
Poetry in Germany, schools of, 425.
Pomponatius, 101.
Pope, compared with Milton and Tennyson, 22;
influence of Bolingbroke on, 145.
Porphyry, life and character, 56 seq. 71;
references for studying, 56;
view of oracles, 57;
work against Christians, 57 seq.;
attack on Daniel, 60 seq.;
other views of, 61, 62;
on predication, 57;
letter to Marcella, 71.
Port Royal, miracle of the thorn, 153.
Positivism, described, 296;
in England, 311;
religion of, 312;
compared with Naturalism, 339.
Pouilly, critic on Roman history, 144.
Powell, Baden, on Deluge, 17.
Prayer, extract from Guizot on, 395.
Prejudices of heathens against Christianity, 405.
Presentative consciousness, 394.
Press, freedom of in England, 123.
Pressensé, pref. xix., 42, 356, 404, 448, 449, 451, 453.
Priestly, 392.
Printsterer, Groen van, 445.
Progress in religion, 87.
Protestant church in France, freethought in, 304, 448.
Protestantism distinguished from scepticism, pref. vi.; 9, 99.
Providence, Holyoake on, 313.
Psalms: the seventy-third named, 5, 19;
the division of into books, 256.
Pseudo-Clementines, 400.
Pseudo-Lucian, Philopatris, 409.
Psychology explained, 24;
Morrell on, 395.
Pugio Fidei, 385.
Pulci, 95.
Pusey on German theology, pref. xxi.;
on inspiration, 475.
Quakers, 29.
Quarterly Review, on Leopardi, 16;
on Romantic Epic, 94;
on Theophilanthropists, 190;
on Fourier, 292.
Quinet, E. on comparison of religions, 5, 381;
on Strauss, 273.
Racovian Catechism, 391.
Rámayana, 382.
Rambouillet, 178.
Ramus, P. 102.
Rationalism in Germany, 11, 231, 234;
subdivided, 218, 417;
compared with Deism, 321;
explained, 416 seq.;
literary dispute on, 418;
in English church, 329, 340.
Ratisbon, confession of, 212.
Ray, 466.
[pg 485]
Raymond, Martin, 386.
Raynal, 178.
Reaction among heathens, 44;
Catholic in France, 300, 448;
in Italy, 103;
in Oxford, 285, 310.
Readings, variety of in sacred texts, 182.
Realism explained, 9, 79 seq.
Rees, translation of Racovian Catechism, 391.
Reformation, twofold element in, 211;
not sceptical, 9, 99:
pref. vi.; 211;
in Italy, 99.
Reformed Jews, 387.
Reimannus, 7.
Reimarus, 225, 426.
Reinhardt, 231.
Reinhold, 228.
Religion, comparative study of, 4, 380;
Greek, 5;
eastern, 4.
Remonstrants in Dutch church, 110, 445.
Renaissance, 92 seq.;
literature at, 96;
unchristian sympathy at, 96;
evidences at, 462.
Renan, E. 5, 31, 302 seq.; 397;
Averroes, 89;
Lect. III. passim.
Rénand, 299.
Repressor. See Pecock.
Responsibility for belief, 18.
Reuss, 448.
Reville, 446, 448.
Revolution, French, 188;
profanity of, 189.
Revue des Deux Mondes; Taillandier on Abélard, 81;
Saisset on Spinoza, 106;
Remusat on Herbert, 119;
Girardin on Rousseau's Emile, 188;
Scherer on Hegel, 266, 398;
Reville on Parker, 324;
on Comte, 296;
Moleschott, 438;
Young Hegelians, 438;
Reville on Holland, 446;
Renan on metaphysics, 303.
Revue Germanique, on Lessing, 224;
on Gospels, 267.
Richardi Confutatio, 388.
Riddle's Bampton Lectures, pref. xv.; 468.
Rigg, J. H. Anglican theology, 330.
Riggenbach, 445.
Robespierre, 190.
Robins, S. pref. xvi.
Rogers, H. 374, 469.
Röhr, 234.
Romaine, 160.
Roman catholic theology in Germany, 442.
Romantic Epic, 94 seq.;
school in Germany, 239, 291.
Roscelin on Trinity, 80.
Rose, H. J. on German theology, pref. xxi.
Rosenmüller, 220.
Rothe, German theologian, 279, 281, 436.
Rousseau, sources for study of, 183;
life, 183;
works, 184 seq.;
Contral social, 184;
Emile, 185;
Confessions, 187;
compared with Voltaire, 188.
Ruge, 275.
Saintes-Amand, pref. xxiv.
Saisset, E. on Spinoza. 108.
Salomo Zebi. 386.
Salvador, 299, 387.
Sanskrit literature, 382.
Saumur, school of, 212.
Saussure, Ch. de la, 446.
Scepticism explained, 418 seq.;
kinds of, 419.
Schelling, 27, 46, 238, 433.
Scherer, 31, 397, 448, 474.
Schlegel, F. 239.
Schleiermacher, 242 seq.;
critical works of, 248;
translates Plato, 242;
theological works of, 244, 428 seq.;
Glaubenslehre, 245;
his studies, 428;
compared with Origen and H. St. Victor, 244;
and with Plato, 427.
Schmidt, G. 276.
Schneckenbürger, 436.
Scholastic, philosophy, 77 seq.;
origin of name, 77;
divisions of, 81;
value of scholastic theology, 462.
Scholtens J. H. professor at Leyden, 446.
Schools of German poetry, 425.
Schopenhauer, 438.
Schramm, Anal. Patr. 41, 454.
Schrockh, pref. xvii.
Scholtens, 446.
Schulze, 228.
Schwarz, C. Gesch. pref. xxv.
Schwegler, 436.
Schweizer, 439, 444.
Science, anticipations of the future condition of, 354 seq.
Science in theology, 385.
Scriptures, doubts of, 361.
Sebonde on natural religion, 104, 462.
Secker, Abp. relieves Annet, 144;
subscribes to Voltaire, 171.
Secularism, explained, 312, 313.
Semler, works and system, 218 seq.
Sensation, as a test of truth, 25.
Sensationalisim, meaning of, 25.
Servetus, 99.
Severus, Sept. 63.
Shaftesbury, Lord, 130 seq.
Shelley, 16; 203 seq.;
works, 206.
Sherlock, 467.
Sic et Non, 82.
Silence of heathens on Christianity, 402 seq.
Simeon of Cambridge, 160.
Simon, Jules, 471.
Simon, Richard, 83, 168.
Sirven, 170.
Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, on Ecclesiastes, 5;
Canon, 58;
Genesis, 257;
Daniel, 408;
Jehovah, 480.
Socialism, English, 201;
French, 292;
in 1848, 294;
compared with English, 294.
Socinianism, 12, 99, 391.
Socrates, 84, 351.
Σοφία, of Aristotle, 78.
Sophists of Greece, 351.
Sources of information for the attacks of heathens, 41.
Sources for lectures, pref.
Spener, the Pietist, 213, 424.
Spinoza, 60;
sources of information on, 106;
[pg 486]
philosophy of, 107;
Theologicus Politicus, 110;
effects of 113.
Stahl, 283.
Stanhope's Boyle Lectures, 386.
Statistics, difficulties from, 314.
Stattler, 464.
Stephen, list of writers on inspiration, 474.
Sterling, 34.
Stilling, Jung, 243, 285.
Stillingfleet, 466.
Stirner, 276.
St. Lambert. See Lambert.
Stoics, religious opinions of, 45.
Storr, 231.
Strauss, 34;
on Julian, 66;
life and writings, 267, 434;
life of Christ, 266, 271;
Christology, 269, 433;
view of Christ's ideal, 356;
replies to, 273, 435;
effects of, 272 seq.;
view of his own work, 273;
on Reimarus, 427.
St. Simon, life and sect, 293, 294.
Subjective character of modern unbelief, 308.
Συγκατάβασις, 222.
Suetonius on Christianity, 401.
Supernatural, tendency of labour to depress the sense of, 314
Swedenborg, 29.
Swift, on Woolston, 137.
Switzerland, modern theology of, 444.
Symmachus, 69.
Tacitus on Christianity, 401.
Taillandier on Abélard, 81, 83.
Taine on Livy, 302, 379.
Tatian, 48, 456.
Taylor, A. on Latitudinarians, 128.
Taylor, I. 469.
Technical. See Terms.
Telesius, 102.
Templars, unbelief of, 89.
Tendencies, religious, among ancient heathens, 40 seq.
Tennyson, compared with Pope and Milton, 23;
quoted, 260.
Terms, technical, 413; literature of, 419.
Tertullian's Apology, 457.
Tests of truth, effects of various theories of, 25-30.
Thaer, author of Lessing's Education of the World, 87.
Theodore of Mopsuestia, 221.
Theodosius II. destroyer of heathen works against Christianity, 41.
Theologians, German; classification of, 440 seq.
See Modern English.
Theophilanthropists, 190.
Theophilus, apologist, 457.
Tholuck, 249;
on evidences, 464:
pref. xxiii.;
on inspiration, 473;
attack on Butler's Analogy, 157.
Thomson's, Bp. Bampton Lectures, 368, 385, 469.
See Atonement.
Tillemont, pref. xvii.
Tindal, M. works, 139 seq.;
suggestive of Butler's Analogy, 157.
Toland, works, 127 seq.
Toldos Jeschu, 385.
Toleration, works on, and principle of, 118, 406.
Treason, charge of against early Christians, 406.
Trench's Calderon, 95.
Truth, see Tests.
Tübingen school, 209, 274, 277, 367;
university of, 219.
Tullocks Inaugural Address, 339;
Burnett prize, 469.
Turpin, Abp. joke on in Romantic Epic, 95.
Twelfth century, great minds in, 86.
Twesten, 250.
Tzehirner's Essay, 400;
Apologetik, pref. xix.
Ullmann, 250.
Unbelief, see Cause, Subjective.
Uniformities of Causation and Co-existence, 79.
Unigenitus Bull, 165.
Union of German churches, 282.
Unitarianism, history of, and works on, 392 seq.
Universities, German, 219, 223;
that of Paris attacked for Pantheism, 299.
Utility of the inquiry into doubt, pref. xii, 342 seq.
Van den Ende, 106.
Vanim, 103
Van Mildert, pref. vi, xv.;
on moral causes of doubt, 13, 345.
Vaughan, R. A. on mystics, 30; essays, 59.
Vedas, 382.
Vendidad Sade, 381.
Vilmar, classification of German poetry, 425.
Vinet, 444, 448.
Vituperation in books of evidence of seventeenth century, 465.
Volney, Les Ruines, 191 seq.; 290.
Voltaire, on Woolston, 137;
life of, 170;
character of, 171 seq.;
Carlyle on, 171;
theological works of, 174;
opinions of, 175;
ridicule, 172.
Vowel points in Hebrew, controversy on, 113.
Wagenseil, Tela Ignea Satanœ, 385.
Walch, 419, 460.
Walton's Polyglott, various readings in, 132.
Warburton, Divine Legation, 466, 467.
Waterland, reply to Tindal, 188, 464.
Watson, Bp. 198, 464.
Webb on Locke, 168.
Wegscheider, 234.
Weimar, court of, 228.
Welcker on mythology, 450.
Werenfels, tests for miracles, 153.
Wesley, 161, 392.
[pg 487]
Westcott on canon, 53;
on Daniel, 408;
on Inspiration, 472.
Westminster Review:
on Job, 5;
Heine, 16;
Rousseau, 183;
German theology, 8;
Byron and Shelley, 208;
Owen, 202;
Weimar, 228;
Vedas, 383;
Bentham, 309;
Positivism, 312;
Carlyle, 315;
Emerson, 317;
S. Hennell, 323;
Parker and Strauss, 324;
F. Newman, 327;
Socialism, 438;
Taine, 302;
Schopenbauer, 432.
Whately's Rhetoric, 14.
Whewell, 28, 79, 369.
White, Blanco, 34.
Whitfield, 160.
Wichern's Inner Mission, 285.
Will distinct from Emotion, 394.
Wiseman, Cardinal, Lectures, 469.
Wolfenbüttel Fragments, 225, 426 seq.
Wolf, J. A. on Homer, 253.
Wolff's Bibliotheca Hebraica, 386.
Wollf, philosophy of, 214 seq.;
life of, 215, 216;
sources for studying, 215;
effects of, 216.
Woodham, 78, 454.
Woolstencraft, 200.
Woolston, 136 seq. 420.
Wordsworth quoted, 115; 309.
Wulferus, 386.
Xavier, Hieronimo, a writer against the Mahometans, 296.
Yaçna, 387.
Young's Christ of History, 469.
Zeitstimmen, &c., 436.
Zeller, 436, 444.
Zend Literature, 381.
Zeno of Elea, 84.
Zinzendorf, 101.
Zoroaster, 381.
Zurich, university of, 444.