Part 2 — INDEX

Ægospotami, slaughter of Athenian prisoners at, 194

Æschylus, 191

Ahriman, 124

Ahura Mazda, 124

Almsgiving, 281, 368

Altruism, Greek and Roman, 175, 215;

Christian, 279

Amélineau, 44

Amos, 145

Amphictyonic League, 194

Amusements, humanizing of, 369

Ancestor worship, as a moral force, 13;

in China, 54;

in Japan, 78

Angell, Norman, 376 n. 5

Animal ethics, Brahmanic, 103;

Buddhist, 119;

Zoroastrian, 129;

Mohammedan, 292;

Christian, 357;

influence of evolutionary science upon, 358

Aphrodite, 171

Aquinas, Thomas, 318, 325

Arbitration among the Greeks, 195

Arhat, the, 113

Aristotle, views of, on war against non-Greeks, 180;

ethical system of, 202–204;

views of, on slavery, 203

Asceticism, general fostering causes of, 267;

Christian fostering causes of, 268

Assur-natsir-pal, 51

Athleticism, Greek moral elements in, 177

Aurelius, Marcus, Meditations of, 239, 247

Autolycus, 185

Bagehot, 287

Beccaria, 345, 370

Benevolence, Roman, 236

Blood feud, 20

Brahma, the impersonal, 96;

the personal, 96

Brahmans, the, 97, 101, 102

Breasted, Professor, 31, 39 n. 3

Buckle, Henry T., 1, 2

Buddha, 111;

ethical content of his message, 116

Buddhism, in Japan, 79;

the four truths of, 106;

the eightfold path of, 110;

influence of, on the military spirit, 120

Bury, J. B., 174

Bushido, ideal of, 79, 80–82;

influence of, 87;

in action, 88, 89

Cannibalism, 26;

celestial, 26 n. 3

Castes, Hindu, 97

Charity, Christian, 279–282;

Moslem, 296

Chinese cashiers in Japan, 90 n. 2

Christianity, doctrinal, ethical ideal of, 261;

limitations of the ideal of, 264

Chrysostom, Dion, 243

Cicero, 215;

contempt of, for manual labor and merchandizing, 224

City state, as the mold of Greek morality, 169;

Roman, 213;

effect of decay of, on Greek and Roman morals, 204, 221

Class morality, 344

Clemency, Roman virtue, 249

Clovis, Frankish chieftain, 303

Cluny, 313

Collective responsibility, 18–20;

doctrine of, repudiated by Hebrew prophets, 159;

principle of, as embodied in Church code rejected by the modern conscience, 364;

a survival of, in modern war code, 378 n. 1

Competition, in primitive society, 14

Confucianism, 53

Confucius, 60

Conscience, new social, nurtured in the medieval towns, 330, 331;

purification in modern times, 364–371;

new international, 371–382

Constantine the Great, 302

Continuance theory, 35–37;

in the Greek moral evolution, 187

Corn, moral effects of free distribution of, at Rome, 224

Cosmopolitanism, growth of, in Hellenistic Age, 209;

in the Roman Empire, 236–240

Courage, altruistic element in, 22, 175

Courtier, ideal of the, 328–330

Criticism, higher, 335

Crusades, as ideal of knighthood in action, 309

Cuba, our dealings with, 373

Customary morality, 18

Cynics, 210

Darius I, inscriptions of, 134

Davids, Rhys, 109, 114, 120

Delphi, relation of, to Greek morality, 172

Democracy, effect of its incoming upon moral evolution, 340;

ethics of, 344–347

Demonax, 208

Demonism, Babylonian, 46;

Chinese, 55

De Officiis of Cicero, 238

Deuteronomy, dual morality of, 151

Dionysus, 171

Double standard in morality, 22–24

Dualism, religious, Egyptian, 32;

Persian, 123

Duel, international, 332;

judicial, see Wager of battle

Education, in Japan, 91–93;

its relation to morality, 345;

transferred from Church to State, 346

Election, race, 174

Elijah, 143

Elis, consecrated to peace, 197

Elisha, 143

Elysian Fields, 187, 188

Envy of the gods, doctrine of, 189

Epictetus, 247, 248, 250

Epicureanism, 207

Evolution, disturbing effects of doctrine upon morals, 341;

egoistic tendencies of the doctrine, 354;

altruistic factor in, 350

Fabiola, 281

Fall of man, dogma of, 259

Family ethics, Greek, 181;

Roman, 212, 214;

Mohammedan, 291

Festivals, Hebrew, moralization of, 149

Figgis, J. Neville, 378, 380

Filial piety, Chinese virtue, 61

Filipinos, American treatment of, 373–375

Gambling, prohibited by the Koran, 291

Geneva Convention of 1864, 376

George, Henry, 350 n. 1

Gesta Romanorum, 310

Gladiatorial combats, demoralizing effects of, 225;

suppression of, 277;

the last in Colosseum, 381

Gladstone, William E., 360

Golden Rule, as stated by Confucius, 67

Green, T. H., 11

Gresham’s Law in morals, 378

Grotius, Hugo, 375

Group, kinship, 12

Guatama, see Buddha

Hades, gradual moralizing of, 187–189

Hammurabi, code of, 49

Hearn, Lafcadio, 84

Heresy, viewed as a contagion, 325

Higher criticism, 335

Hillel, 168

Holy Grail, 311

Holy Virgin, moral influence of veneration of, 311

Homeric Age, morals of, 185

Hopkins, Edward W., 114

Hosea, 146

Hospital, first Christian, 281

Hospitalers, the, 308

Hospitality, 24

Howard, John, 370

Howe, Julia Ward, 324

Humanitarianism, growth of, in Hellenistic Age, 208;

in pre-Christian, of Roman Empire, 234–236;

advance of, in modern times, 369–371

Ideal, moral, defined, 5;

causes which determine, 7–10

Ilus, prince of Ephyra, 172

Immortality, emergence of doctrine of, in Israel, 164–166;

its ethical value, 257

India, Government of India Act, 373

Industrial virtues, Persian, 128;

disesteemed by the Greeks and Romans, 182, 223;

cradled in the medieval towns, 330;

effects upon, of the dissolution of the monasteries, 337

Industrialism, modern, relation to morals, 341;

ethics of, 347–353;

modern, alliance of industry and science, 347;

divorce of industry and ethics, 348

Infanticide, in China, 73;

condemned by Christian teaching, 278;

in Greece, 181

Inheritance, limitation of, 351

Inquisition, 324–326

Insanity, regarded as demon possession, 282

Intellectual progress, relation of, to moral progress, 342

International law, relation of, to municipal law, 372

Intertribal morality, beginnings of, 22–29

Intolerance, Jewish, 163;

Christian, 265, 324;

Mohammedan, 294

Intoxicating liquors, use of, prohibited by Koran, 292, 296

Inventions, relation of, to moral progress, 341

Iona, 280

Iron virgin of Nuremberg, 381

Isaiah, 147;

the Second, 157, 161

Isis, worship of, in Roman Empire, 252

Ixion, 187

Jeremiah, 151

Jesus of Nazareth, relation of, to moral history of West, 260

Judgment of Dead, Egyptian, 36;

Persian, 130

Justice, Greek virtue of, 176

Juvenal, 235

Karma, 108

Ka-statues, 34

Kidd, Benjamin, 2

Knighthood, ideal of, 306–309;

contribution of, to moral heritage of Christendom, 311

Koran, ethics of, 289–292

Labarum, 302

Land values, property in, 349

Legge, James, 68, 69

Leonidas, 176

Lex talionis, 21

Lindisfarne, 280

Machiavelli, 326–328

Machiavellism in politics, 326–328;

in economics, 348

Malta, Knights of, 310

Mandarin morality, 69

Melians, 192

Mencius, 60

Mendicant Orders, 316–318

Micah, 148

Milvian Bridge, battle of, 302

Mithra, 125

Mithraism, propaganda of, in Roman Empire, 253

Mohammed, 288, 290

Mohammedanism, moral code of, 289–292

Monasteries, cradle of modern social conscience, 276;

dissolution of, 336

Monastic ideal, 270;

discredited by Protestant Reformation, 336

Monasticism, Buddhist, 118;

Christian, 267–287

Monopoly in land, 350

Monotheism, ethical, emergence of, in Israel, 158, 159

Morley, Lord, 377

Nature, Law of, 240

Negative Confession, 37

Nemesis, doctrine of, 190–192

Nietzsche, 355, 356

Nirvana, 109

Nonresistance, Christian teaching of, 301, 302

Occupation, influence of, on morals, 9

Oisin, 272 n.

Opium trade with China, 373

Ordeals, 304

Orphic doctrines, 174

Orthodoxy, regarded as saving virtue, 261

Osiris, myth of, 32

Pachomius, 44

Patria potestas, 212

Paulsen, Friedrich, 5 n. 1

Peace of God, 312

Peace, universal, an ideal of Hebrew prophets, 146, 147

Peloponnesian War, effects of, on Greek morality, 194, 195 n. 1

Penitential psalms, Babylonian, 47

Penitentiary system, 371

Persecution of Christians by pagan Roman emperors, 245

Pessimism, in Brahmanic system, 99;

in Buddhist, 107

Petrie, Flinders, 39

Philipson, David, 168 n. 1

Philo, 168

Pindar, 179, 186, 188

Plato, 200–202

Plutarch, 210, 249

Poisoned arrows, disuse of, 27, 172

Polygamy, accepted as ethical by Mohammed, 291

Private war, restrictions on, 312–314

Prophetism, Hebrew, different elements of, 142

Psychical research, import of, for morals, 359

Ptah-hotep, 40

Purgatory, effect of abolition of, upon morals, 337, 362

Pythagoras, 186

Pythagoreanism, 115

Ra, son-god, 31

Ransom of war captives, 315

Red Cross Society, 376

Reformation, Protestant, 333–339

Refuge, cities of, 154

Religion, relation of, to morals, 9, 14

Renaissance, influence of, on the moral evolution, 320, 322–324

Retribution theory, 35–37;

in Greek moral evolution, 188

Revenge, duty of, 20;

a Greek virtue, 183;

how regarded by Roman moralists, 249

Right belief regarded as a virtue, 334

Ritual morality, in India, 106;

in Israel, 151–154, 162

Ruth, the Moabitess, 156

Sabbath, 150, 260

Sacrifice, in Brahmanic system, 100;

in Israel, 138

St. Ambrose, 303

St. Augustine, 284, 303

St. Boniface, 280

St. Columba, 280

St. Dominic, 316, 317

St. Francis, 316, 317

St. Gall, 280

St. Patrick, 272

St. Wilfred, 280

Saints, Lives of the, 309

Samurai, 80, 82, 87–91

Sappho, 178

Schmidt, Nathaniel, 154 n. 2, 260 n. 1

Scholasticism, ethics of, 318

Science, ethics of, 353–360

Scott, James Brown, 372 n. 1

Self-redress, a survival of, in international law, 378 n. 1

Seneca, 239, 243, 247, 249, 250

Set, Egyptian god, 32

Shammai, 168

Sheol, 139

Shinto cult, 78

Single tax, 350 n. 1

Slave trade, suppression of, 364–366

Slavery, in ancient Egypt, 41;

among the Hebrews, 156;

in Greece, 180, 203;

Roman, 223;

ameliorations of, under pagan Roman emperors, 243;

influence of Christianity upon, 282;

under Islam, 290, 295;

prisoners of war sold as slaves, 314;

origin of word “slave,” 315;

abolition of African, 366

Smith, W. Robertson, 12

Social ethics, 364–371

Socialism, 352

Socrates, 197–200

Stoicism, 206, 209;

influence of, upon Roman government and law, 241–243;

as a moral force, 241;

teachings of, Christian in tone, 246–248;

insufficiency of, as guide to the masses, 251;

contrasted with Machiavellism, 328

Stoics, views of, on slavery, 203

Suicide, among the Japanese, 85;

among the Romans, 250;

condemned by Christianity, 279

Synagogue, 163, 164

Tantalus, 187

Taoism, 56

Telemachus, Christian monk, 381 n. 1

Temperance, Greek virtue of, 176

Templars, the, 308

Terence, 238

Theology, moralization of, 360, 361

Thirty Years’ War, 375

Thucydides, 192

Toleration, under Buddhism, 112, 120;

influence of doctrinal Christianity upon virtue of, 285;

how affected by the Protestant Reformation, 338

Towns, medieval, as molders of morals, 321, 330

Transmigration, 98

Truce of God, 312–314

Truthfulness, virtue of, Japanese lack of reverence for, 85;

highly esteemed by the Persians, 128, 132–134;

low estimation of, among Greeks, 184

Tyrannicide, among Japanese, 86;

views of Roman moralist on, 249

Ulfilas, bishop, 304

Unearned increment, 349

Universalism, ethical, pre-Christian, 236

Urban II, Pope, 305

Usury, 155

Veracity, fostered by science, 353

Vergil, 235

Vicarious suffering, doctrine of, 160

Wager of battle, 304;

disuse of, 331, 332

War, abolition of, a moral issue, 376;

abrogation of the ordinary moral code by, 377;

obsolescence of, as school of morals, 380

War ethics, as group morality, 20;

as survival from barbarism, 20;

beginning of rules of, 25–29;

Egyptian, 42;

Assyrian, 51;

Chinese, 65;

Brahmanic, 104;

Greek, 193–195;

Roman, 245 n. 1;

Mohammedan, 290, 294;

syncretism of pagan war ethics and Christian peace ethics, 300–306;

influence of martial ethics of Islam upon Christian ethics, 305;

progress in, in Middle Ages, 314–316;

progress in, in modern times, 375, 376;

atavistic character of war code, 378;

unfavorable reaction of, upon peace code, 378–380

Wealth, moral effects of unequal distribution of, 228

Wedgwood, Julia, 9

Wellhausen, 3

Wisdom, Greek virtue of, 176

World state, ethical basis of, 220

Wundt, Wilhelm, 5

Zarathustra, 126

Zeno, 206

Zoroaster, see Zarathustra