FIGURES IN THE TEXT1

FIGURES IN THE TEXT1

[The initial letters, which will be found at the beginning of each chapter, are taken from Pierre Belon’s ‘Les Observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses memorables, trouvées en Grece, Asie, Judée, Egypte, Arabie, et autres pays estranges,...Imprimé à Paris par Benoist Prévost.’ 1553.]

TEXT-FIG.PAGE

1.“Plantago” = Plantain [Herbarium Apuleii Platonici, ? 1484]12

2.“Artemisia” [Herbarium Apuleii Platonici, ? 1484]13

3.“Lilium” [Herbarius Moguntinus, 1484]14

4.“Aristolochia longa” [Herbarius Moguntinus, 1484]15

5.“Serpentaria” [Herbarius Moguntinus, 1484]16

6.“Brionia” [Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Tractatus de virtutibus herbarum, 1499]17

7.“Acorus” = Iris [Herbarius zu Teutsch, Mainz, 1485]23

8.“Leopardus” [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]25

9.“Daucus” = Carrot [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]26

10.“Passer” = Sparrow [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]27

11.“Pavo” = Peacock [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]27

12.“Arbor vel lignum vite paradisi” [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]28

13.“Narcissus” [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]29

14.“Bauser vel Bausor” [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]30

15.“Panis” = Bread [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]31

16.“Ambra” = Amber [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]32

17.“Unicornus” [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]33

18.A Herbalist’s Garden [Le Jardin de Santé, ?1539]34

19.Wood-cut of Plants [Bartholomæus Anglicus, Liber de proprietatibus rerum, Wynkyn de Worde, ? 1495]. Reduced37

20.“Yvery”= Ivory [The Grete Herball, 1529]42

21.“Nenufar” = Waterlily [The Grete Herball, 1529]44

22.“Walwurtz männlin” = Symphytum, Comfrey [Brunfels, Herbarum vivæ eicones, Vol. I. 1530]. Reduced48

23.“Helleborus Niger” = Helleborus viridis L., Green Hellebore [Brunfels, Herbarum vivæ eicones, Vol. I.1530]. Reduced49

24.“Synnaw” = Alchemilla, Ladies’ Mantle [Brunfels, Herbarum vivæ eicones, Vol. ii. 1531]. Reduced51

25.“Caryophyllata” = Geum, Avens [Brunfels, Herbarum vivæ eicones, Vol. iii. 1540]. Reduced52

26.Hieronymus Bock or Tragus (1498-1554) [Kreuter Bůch, 1551]53

27.“Erdberen” = Fragaria, Strawberry [Bock, Kreuter Bůch, 1546]54

28.“Pimpernuss” = Pistacia, Pistachio-nut [Bock, Kreuter Bůch, 1546]56

29.“Tribulus aquaticus” = Trapa natans L., Bull-nut [Bock, De stirpium, 1552]57

30.“Brassicæ quartum genus” = Cabbage [Fuchs, De historia stirpium, 1542]. Reduced59

31.“Polygonatum latifolium” = Solomon’s Seal [Fuchs, De historia stirpium, 1542]. Reduced61

32.“Cucumis turcicus” = Cucurbita maxima Duch., Giant Pumpkin [Fuchs, De historia stirpium, 1542]. Reduced63

33.“Erdöpffel” = Ranunculus ficaria L., Lesser Celandine [Rhodion, Kreutterbůch, 1533]65

34.“Ocimoides fruticosum” = Silene fruticosa L. [Camerarius, Hortus medicus, 1588]67

35.“Palma” = Seedlings of Phœnix dactylifera L., Date Palm [Camerarius, Hortus medicus, 1588]69

36.Rembert Dodoens (1517-1585) [A Niewe Herball. Translated by Lyte, 1578]71

37.“Capparis” = Capparis ovata L. [Dodoens, Pemptades, 1583]73

38.“Anemone trifolia” [Dodoens, Pemptades, 1583]75

39.“Lacryma Iob” = Coix lachryma-Jobi L., Job’s Tears [de l’Écluse, Rariorum ... per Hispanias, 1576]77

40.Pierandrea Mattioli (1501-1577) [Engraving by Philippe Galle, Virorum Doctorum Effigies, Antwerp, 1572]80

41.“Pyra” = Pyrus communis L., Pear [Mattioli, Commentarii, 1560]81

42.“Avena” = Oats [Mattioli, Commentarii, 1560]82

43.“Trifolium acetosum” = Oxalis [Mattioli, Commentarii, 1565]. Reduced83

44.“Malus” = Pyrus malus L., Apple [Mattioli, Commentarii, 1565]. Reduced84

45.“Arbor Malenconico” or “Arbor tristis” = Tree of Sorrow [Durante, Herbario Nuovo, 1585]86

46.“Apocynum” [Colonna, Phytobasanos, 1592]87

47.“Kalli” = Salicornia, Glasswort [Prospero Alpino, De plantis Ægypti, 1592]89

48.“Lachryma Iob” = Coix lachryma-Jobi L., Job’s Tears [Simler, Vita Conradi Gesneri, 1566]91

49.“Solanum tuberosum esculentum” = Potato [Bauhin, Prodromos, 1620]95

50.Jacques d’Aléchamps (1513-1588) [Wood-cut, circa 1600, Department of Prints and Drawings, British Museum].Enlarged97

51.“Ornithogalum magnum” [d’Aléchamps, Historia generalis plantarum, 1586]99

52.“Tabaco” = Nicotiana, Tobacco [Monardes, Joyfull newes out of the newe founde worlde, 1580]105

53.“Reubarbe” = Centaurea rhaponticum L. [Lyte, A Niewe Herball, 1578]107

54.“The breede of Barnakles” [Gerard, The Herball, 1597]111

55.“Barberry” = Berberis [Part of a large wood-cut from Parkinson, Paradisus Terrestris, 1629]114

56.“Cardamomum” = (?) Solanum dulcamara L., Bittersweet [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]121

57.“Pionia” = Peony [Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Tractatus de virtutibus herbarum, 1499]123

58.“Petasites” = Butterbur [Fuchs, De historia stirpium, 1542]. Reduced126

59.“Sedum majus” [de l’Écluse, Rariorum per Hispanias, 1576]128

60.“Battata Virginiana” = Solanum tuberosum L., Potato [Gerard, The Herball, 1597]129

61.“Rose Ribwoorte” = an abnormal Plantain [Gerard, The Herball, 1597]131

62.“Beta Cretica semine aculeato” [Bauhin, Prodromos, 1620]132

63.“Carui” [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]135

64.“Buglossa” [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]137

65.“Nenufar” = Waterlily [Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Tractatus de virtutibus herbarum, 1499]139

66.“Nenuphar” = Nymphæa alba L., White Waterlily [Brunfels, Herbarum vivæ eicones, Vol. I. 1530]. Reduced141

67.“Gele Plompen” = Nuphar luteum Sm., Yellow Waterlily [de l’Obel, Kruydtbœck, 1581]142

68.“Ninfea” = Waterlily [Durante, Herbario Nuovo, 1585]144

69.“Tussilago” = Tussilago farfara L., Coltsfoot [Fuchs, De historia stirpium, 1542]. Reduced147

70.“Plantago major” = Plantain [Fuchs, De historia stirpium, 1542]. Reduced149

71.“Althæa Thuringica” = Lavatera thuringiaca L. [Camerarius, Hortus medicus, 1588]150

72.“Pulsatilla” = Anemone pulsatilla L., Pasque-flower [Camerarius, De plantis Epitome Matthioli, 1586]152

73.“Brionia” [Herbarius Moguntinus, 1484]158

74.“Ireos vel Iris” [Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Tractatus de virtutibus herbarum, 1499]159

75.“Capillus Veneris” = Maidenhair Fern [Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Tractatus de virtutibus herbarum, 1499]160

76.“Cuscuta” = Dodder [Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Tractatus de virtutibus herbarum, 1499]161

77.“Cuscuta” = Dodder [Herbarius zu Teutsch, Mainz, 1485]163

78.“Alkekengi” = Physalis, Winter Cherry [Herbarius zu Teutsch, Mainz, 1485]164

79.“Alkekengi” = Physalis, Winter Cherry [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]165

80.“Cuscuta” = Dodder [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]166

81.“Botris” [Ortus Sanitatis, Mainz, 1491]167

82.“Asarum” = Asarabacca [Brunfels, Herbarum vivæ eicones, Vol. I. 1530]. Reduced169

83.“Kuchenschell” = Anemone pulsatilla L., Pasque-flower [Brunfels, Herbarum vivæ eicones, Vol. I. 1530]171

84.“Lappa” = Arctium, Burdock [Brunfels, Herbarum vivæ eicones, Vol. II. 1531]. Reduced173

85.“Scolopendria” = Hart’s-tongue Fern [Rhodion, Kreutterbůch, 1533]174

86.“Dipsacus albus” = Teasle [Fuchs, De historia stirpium, 1542]. Reduced176

87.“Apios” = Lathyrus tuberosus L., Earth-nut Pea [Fuchs, De historia stirpium, 1542]. Reduced178

88.“Arum” = Arum maculatum L., Wild Arum [Fuchs, De historia stirpium, 1542]. Reduced179

89.The Draughtsmen and Engraver employed by Leonhard Fuchs [De historia stirpium, 1542]. Reduced181

90.“Wintergrün” = Pyrola, Wintergreen [Bock, Kreuter Bůch, 1546]182

91.“Rautten” = Botrychium, Moonwort [Bock, Kreuter Bůch, 1546]183

92.“Castanum nuss” = Castanea, Chestnut [Bock, Kreuter Bůch, 1546]184

93.“Fungi” = Toadstools [Mattioli, Commentarii, 1560]. Reduced185

94.“Rosaceum” [Mattioli, Commentarii, 1560]. Reduced186

95.“Suber primus” [Mattioli, Commentarii, 1565]. Reduced187

96.“Tragorchis” = Orchis hircina L., Lizard Orchis [Dodoens, Pemptades, 1583]188

97.“Aconitum luteum minus” = Eranthis hiemalis L., Winter Aconite [Dodoens, Pemptades, 1583]189

98.“Draco arbor” = Dracæna, Dragon Tree [de l’Écluse, Rariorum ... per Hispanias, 1576]191

99.“Cyclaminus” [Camerarius, De plantis Epitome ... Matthioli, 1586] 192

100.“Rosa Hierichuntica” = Anastatica hierochuntica L., Rose of Jericho [Camerarius, Hortus medicus, 1588]193

101.“Piper Nigrum” = Pepper [d’Aléchamps, Historia generalis plantarum, Vol. II. 1587]194

102.“Cedrus” = Cedar [Belon, De arboribus, 1553]195

103.“Lentisco del Peru” = Pistacia lentiscus L., Mastic Tree [Durante, Herbario Nuovo, 1585]197

104.“Mala Aurantia Chinensia” = Orange [Aldrovandi, Dendrologia, 1667]. Reduced198

105.“Chondrilla” [Colonna, Phytobasanos, 1592]201

106.“Alkekengi” = Physalis, Winter Cherry [Blankaart, Neder-landschen Herbarius, 1698]203

107.The Male Mandrake [Brunfels, Contrafayt Kreüterbuch, Ander Teyl, 1537]205

108.Theophrastus von Hohenheim, called Paracelsus (1493-1541) [From a medal, now in the British Museum. See F. W. Weber, Appendix II]206

109.Herbs of the Scorpion [Porta, Phytognomonica, 1591]209

110.Lunar Herbs [Porta, Phytognomonica, 1591]213

111.Astrological Diagram relating to the gathering of “Cervaria fœmina” [Thurneisser, Historia sive Descriptio Plantarum, 1587]217

112.Wood-cut from the Title-page of the Grete Herball, 1526. Reduced223

113.A Herbalist’s Garden and Store-room [Das Kreüterbůch oder Herbarius. Printed by Heinrich Stayner, Augsburg, 1534]225