Front matter (continued 12)

It is the only British species belonging to the Cruciferous order of plants, and flourishes best on the walls of old buildings, flowering nearly all the summer, though scantily supplied with moisture. We may presume it was one of the earliest cultivated flowers in English gardens, as it is discovered on the most ancient houses.

Turner, an early writer on Plants, calls it Wallgelouer, or "Hartisease;" and by Spencer it was termed Cherisaunce, as meaning a cordial to the heart, this being really the herb to which the name Heart's-ease was originally given. By rustics it is known also as the "Beeflower."

But the common Stock likewise bore the appellation, "Gilliflower": and the probability is, there was in old days, as Cotgrave suggests, a popular medicine or food "for the passions of the heart," called "gariofile," from the cloves which it contained, the Latin for a clove being caryophyllum. Hence it came about that the Wallflower, the Pansy, and the Stock, by virtue of their cordial qualities, were alike called Gilliflowers, or Heart's-ease.

There are two varieties of the cultivated Wallflower, the Yellow and the Red; those of a deep colour growing on old rockeries and similar places, are often termed [597] Bloody Warriors, and Bleeding Heart. The double Wallflower has been produced for more than two centuries. If the flowers are steeped in oil for some weeks, they contribute thereto a stimulating warming property useful for friction to limbs which are rheumatic, or neuralgic. Gerard suggests that the "oyle of Wallflowers is good for use to annoint a paralyticke." An infusion of the flowers, made with boiling water, will relieve the headache of debility, and is cordial in nervous disorders, by taking a small wine-glassful immediately, and repeating it every half-hour whilst required. The aromatic volatile principles of the flowers are caryophyllin and eugenol. "This Wallflower," adds Gerard, "and the Stock Gilliflower are used by certain empiricks and quack salvers about love and lust,—matters which for modesty I omit."

WALNUT.

The Walnut tree is known of aspect to most persons throughout Great Britain as of stately handsome culture, having many spreading branches covered with a silvery grey bark, which is smooth when young, though thick and cracked when old.

The flowers occur in long, hanging, inconspicuous spikes or catkins, of a brownish green colour.

This tree is a native of Asia Minor, but is largely grown in England. The Greeks called it "Karuon," and the Latins "Nux." Its botanical title is Juglans regia, a corruption of glans, the acorn, jovis, of Jupiter, or the "royal nut of Jupiter," food fit for the Gods! Its fruit is also named Ban nut, or Ball nut, and Welsh nut, or Walnut— the word Wal, or Welsh, being Teutonic for "stranger." "As for the timber," said Fuller, "it may be termed the English Shittim Wood."

[598] The London Society of Apothecaries has directed that the unripe fruit of the Walnut should be used pharmaceutically on account of its worm-destroying virtues.

It is remarkable that no insects will prey on the leaves of this tree. In good seasons the produce of nuts is weighty enough to pay the rent of the land occupied by the trees.

The vinegar of the pickled fruit makes a very useful gargle for sore throats, even when slightly ulcerated: and the green husks, or early buds of the blossom, being dried to powder, serve in some places for pepper.

The kernel of the nut (or the part of the inside taken at dessert) affords an oil which does not congeal by cold, and which painters find very useful on such account.

This oil has proved useful when applied externally for troublesome skin diseases of the leprous type. Indeed, the Walnut has been justly termed vegetable arsenic, because of its curative virtues in eczema, and other obstinately diseased conditions of the skin.

The tincture when made (H.) from the rind of the green fruit and the fresh leaves, with spirit of wine, and given in material doses, will determine in a sound person a burning itching eruption of the skin, of an eczematous character, lasting a long time, and leaving the parts which have been affected afterwards blue and swollen. Reasoning from which it has been found that the tincture, in a reduced form, and of a diminished strength, proves admirably curative of eczema, impetigo, and ecthyma.

The unripe fruit is laxative, and of beneficial use in thrush, and in ulcerative sore throat. The leaves are said to be anti-syphilitic: likewise the green husk, and unripe shell. Obstinate ulcers may be cured with sugar well moistened in a strong decoction of the leaves.

[599] Well kept, kiln-dried Walnuts, of some age, are better digested than newer fruit; in contrast to old gherkins, about which it has been humorously said, "avoid stale Q-cumbers: they will W-up." In many parts of Germany the peasants literally subsist on Walnuts for several months together; and a young farmer before he marries has to own a certain number of flourishing Walnut trees.

The bark or yellow skin which clothes the inner nut is a notable remedy for colic, being given when dried and powdered, in a dose of thirty or forty grains mixed with some carminative water; and the same powder will help to expel worms.

According to the Salernitan maxim, if the fruit of the Walnut be eaten after fish, the digestion of the latter is promoted:—

Post pisces nux sit: post carnes case us esto.

Or,

"Take Welsh nuts after fish: take cheese after flesh meat."

But with some persons coughing is excited by eating Walnuts.

The roots, leaves, and rind yield a brown dye which is supposed to contain iodine, and which gipsies employ for staining their skins. It also serves to turn the hair black. A custom prevails (says a Latin sentence) among certain country folk to thrash the nuts out of their husks while still on the trees, so that they may grow more abundantly the following year. In allusion to which practice the lines run thus:—

"Nux, asinus, mulier, simili sunt lege ligata; Haec trieo nil fructus faciunt si verbera cessant."

"A woman, a donkey, a walnut tree— The more you beat them, the better they be."

[600] It is a fact, that by acting in this way, the barren ends of the branches are knocked off, and fresh fruit-bearing twigs spring out at each side in their stead.

Walnut cake, after expressing out the oil from the kernels, is a good food for cattle, these kernels being the crumpled cotyledons or seed leaves. They contain oil, mucilage, albumen, mineral matter, cellulose, and water.

The rook has a most abiding affection for Walnuts. As soon as there is any fruit on the trees worth eating, this bird finds it out, and brings it to the ground, choosing only those nuts which are soft enough for him to penetrate.

Ovid has left a charming little poem, Nucis Elegia—the plaint of the Walnut tree—because beaten with sticks and pelted with stones, in return for the generosity with which it bestows on mankind its fair produce.

A valuable medicinal Spirit is distilled by druggists from the fruit of the Walnut. It is an admirable remedy for spasmodic indigestion, and to relieve the morning sickness of pregnancy. A teaspoonful of the spirit (Spiritus nucis juglandis) may be given with half a wine-glassful of water every hour or two, for most forms of sickness, and the dose may be increased if necessary.

"Nucin," or "juglon," is the active chemical principle of the several parts of the tree and its fruit.

The leaves, when slightly rubbed, emit a rich aromatic odour, which renders them proof against the attacks of insects. Qualities of this odoriferous sort commended the tree to King Solomon, whose "garden of nuts" was clearly one of Walnuts, according to the Hebrew word eghoz. The longevity of the tree is very great. There is at Balaclava, in the Crimea, a Walnut tree believed to be a thousand years old.

[601] The shade of the Walnut tree was held by the Romans to be baneful, but the nuts were thought propitious, and favourable to marriage as a symbol of fecundity. The ceremony of throwing nuts, for which boys scrambled at a wedding, was of Athenian origin:—

"Let the air with Hymen ring Hymen! Io! Hymen sing! Soon the nuts will now be flung: Soon the wanton verses sung." —Catullus.

In Italy this is known as the "Witches tree." It is hostile to the oak.

The leaves of the American Black Walnut tree, which grows naturally in Virginia, are of the highest curative value for scrofulous diseases and for strumous eruptions. Chronic, indolent sores have been healed by these after every other remedy has failed. The parts should be washed several times a day with a strong decoction of the leaves, and an infusion of the same should be taken internally; also of the extract made from the leaves, four grains in a pill each night and morning. For such purposes the leaves of our English Walnut are almost equally efficacious. To make an infusion one ounce should be used to twelve ounces of boiling water. For a syrup mix eight grains of the extract with an ounce of simple syrup: and give one teaspoonful of this twice a day with water. Also apply to any sore some of the powdered leaves on lint soaked in the decoction. For scrofulous joints, or glands, this treatment is invaluable. A green English Walnut, boiled in syrup and preserved in the same, is an excellent homely remedy for constipation. It will be noticed that the fruit becomes black by boiling. The Chinese put the raw kernels into their tea to give it a flavour.

[602] By the Romans Walnuts were scattered among the people when a marriage was celebrated, as an intimation that the wedded couple henceforth abandoned the frivolities of youth.

The "titmouse" walnut produces very delicate fruit, rich in oil, and with thin shells, so that the little creatures can pierce the husks and shells while the fruit is still on the bough.

Nuts of various kinds, being charged with carbon and oil, are highly nutritious, but on account of this oil abounding, they are not readily digested by some persons. In Southern Europe, the Chestnut is a staple article of food, The title "nut" signifies a hard round lump, from nodus, a knot.

Leigh Hunt wrote meaningly of the "inexorably hard cocoa nut— milky at heart." In Devonshire a plentiful crop of hazel nuts is believed to portend an unhealthy year:—

"Many nits (nuts) Many pits (graves)."

When eating almonds and raisins at dessert we get the nitrogenous food of the nuts with the saccharine nourishment of the grapes.

WART-WORT, OR WART-WEED.

This name has been commonly applied to the Petty Spurge, or to the Sun Spurge, a familiar little weed growing abundantly in English gardens, with umbels of a golden green colour which "turn towards the sun." Its stem and leaves yield, when wounded, an acrid milky juice which is popularly applied for destroying warts, and corns. But our Greater Celandine (see page 92) or Swallow-wort is better known abroad as the Wart-wort: and its sap is widely given in Russia for the cure, not only of [603] warts, but likewise of cancerous outgrowths, whether occurring on the skin surface, or assailing membranes inside the body. Conclusive evidence has been adduced of cancerous disease within the gullet and the stomach—as well as on the external skin—being healed by this herb. Its sap, or juice, contains chemically, "chelidonine," and "sanguinarine," which latter principle (obtained heretofore from the Canadian "blood root"), is of long established repute for repressing fungoid granulations of indolent ulcers, when powdered over them, and of quickly advancing their cure. Each principle exercises a narcotic influence on the nervous system, and will, thereby, relieve spasmodic coughs. Healthy provers have taken the fresh juice of the Greater Celandine in doses of from twenty to two hundred drops, at repeated intervals; the results of the larger portions being drastic purgation, with persistent nervous torpor, and with an outbreak on the skin of irritating, sore, itching eruptions. In some of the provers active inflammatory congestion of the right lung ensued, with turgidity of the liver. The root beaten into a conserve with sugar will operate by stool, and by urine. For cancerous excrescences from five to ten drops of the fresh juice, or of the mother tincture (H.) should be given steadily three times a day, this quantity being reduced if it should move the bowels too freely. Some of the sap, or tincture, should be also used outwardly as a lotion, either by itself, or diluted with an equal quantity of cold water.

WATER PLANTS (Other).

(Water Dropwort, Water Lily, Water Pepper.)

The Water Dropwort—Hemlock (oenanthe crocata) is an umbelliferous plant, frequent in our marshes and ditches. [604] It is named from oinos, wine, and anthos, a flower, because its blossoms have a vinous smell. A medicinal tincture is made (H.) from the ripe fruit.

The leaves look like Celery, and the roots like parsnips. A country name of this plant is Dead-tongue, from its paralyzing effects on the organs of the voice. Of eight lads who were poisoned by eating the root, says Mr. Vaughan, five died before morning, not one of them having spoken a word. Other names are Horsebane, from its being thought in Sweden to cause in horses a kind of palsy; (due, as Linnaeus thought, to an insect, curculio paraplecticus, which breeds in the stem); and Five-fingered-root, from its five leaflets. The roots contain a poisonous, milky juice, which becomes yellow on exposure to the air, and which exudes from all parts of the plant when wounded. It will be readily seen that because of so virulent a nature the plant is too dangerous for use as a Herbal Simple, though the juice has been known to cure obstinate and severe skin disease. It yields an acrid emetic principle. The root is sometimes applied by country folk to whitlows, but this has proved an unsafe proceeding. The plant has a pleasant odour. Its leaves have been mistaken for Parsley, and its root for the Skirret.

The OEnanthe Phellandrium (Water Fennel) is a variety of the same species, but with finer leaves. Pliny gave the seeds, twenty grains for a dose, against stone, and disorders of the bladder. Also they have been commended for cancer.

In this country Water Lilies, or Pond Lilies, comprise the White Water Lily—a large native flower inhabiting clear pools and slow rivers—and the Yellow Water Lily, frequent in rivers and ditches, with a yellow, globose flower smelling like brandy, so that it is called "Brandy [605] bottle" in Norfolk and other parts. Its root and stalks contain much tannin.

This latter Yellow Lily (Nuphar lutea) possesses medicinal virtues against diarrhoea, such as is aggravated in the morning, and against sexual weakness. A tincture is made (H.) from the whole plant with spirit of wine. The second title, lutea, signifies growing in the mud; whilst the large white Water Lily is called Nymphoea, from occurring in the supposed haunts of the nymphs: and Flatter-dock.

The root stocks of the Yellow Water Lily, when bruised, and infused in milk, will destroy beetles and cockroaches. The smoke of the same when burnt will get rid of crickets.

The small Yellow Pond Lily bears the name of Candock, from the shape of its seed vessel, like that of a silver can or flagon, and this perhaps has likewise to do with the appellations, "Brandy bottle" and "Water can:" which latter may be given because of the half unfolded leaves floating on the water like cans.

The root of the larger white Water Lily is acrid, and will redden the skill if the juice is applied thereto.

An Ointment may be made with this juice to stimulate the scalp so as to prevent falling out of the hair. The root contains tannin and mucilage, it is therefore astringent and demulcent. Also the expressed juice from the fresh leaves of this white Water Lily, the "one sinless flower," if used as a head wash, will preserve the hair.

"Oh, destinee des choses d'ici bas! Descendre des austerities du Cloitre dans l'officine Cancaniere du perruquier!"

Dutch boys are said to be extremely careful about plucking or handling the Water Lily, for, if a boy fall [606] with the flowers in his possession, he is thought to immediately become subject to fits.

The Water Pepper (Polygonum Hydropiper) or Arsmart, Grows abundantly by the sides of lakes and ditches in Great Britain. It bears a vulgar English name signifying the irritation which it causes when applied to the fundament; and its French sobriquet, Culrage, conveys the same meaning:—

"An erbe is the cause of all this rage, In our tongue called Culrage."

The plant is further known to rustics as Cyderach, or Ciderage, and as Red-knees, from its red angular points. It possesses an acrid, biting taste, somewhat like that of the Peppermint, which resides in the glandular dots sprinkled about its surface, and which is lost in drying. Fleas will not come into rooms where this herb is kept. It is called also "lake weed." A tradition says that the plant when placed under the saddle will enable a horse to travel for some long time without becoming hungry or thirsty. The Scythians knew this herb (Hippice) to be useful for such a purpose.

The Water Pepper has its virtues first taught by a beggar of Savoy. It is admirable against syphilis, and to arrest sexual losses: being long adored because "healing the original sin."

Farriers use it for curing proud flesh in the sores of animals, and when applied to the human skin, the leaves will serve the purpose of a mustard poultice. Also, a piece of the plant may be chewed to relieve toothache, as well as to cure small ulcers of thrush in the mouth, and pimples on the tongue.

The expressed juice of the freshly-gathered plant has been found very useful in jaundice. From one to three [607] tablespoonfuls may be taken for a dose. A hot decoction made from the whole herb (Water Persicaria) has a sheet soaked in it as an American remedy for cholera, the patient being wrapped therein immediately when seized. This herb, together with the Thuja Occidentalis (Arbor vitoe) makes the Anti-venereo of Count Mattaei.

Another Polygonum, the great Bistort, or Snakeweed, and Adderswort, is a common wild plant in the northern parts of Great Britain, having bent or crooked roots, which are difficult to be extirpated, and are strongly astringent.

This Bistort, "twice twisted," on account of its snake-like root, was at one time called Serpentaria, Columbrina, and Dracunculus.

It has been thought to be the Oxylapathum Britannicum and Limonium of the ancients.

The dose of the root in substance is from twenty to sixty grains. In the North of England the plant is known as Easter Giant, and its young shoots are eaten in herb pudding. About Manchester they are substituted for greens, under the name of Passion's dock. The root may be employed both externally as a poultice, and inwardly as a decoction, when an astringent is needed. It is most useful for a spongy state of the gums, attended with looseness of the teeth.

This plant grows in moist meadows, but is not common. Its roots are reddish of colour inside.

The Bistort contains starch, and much tannin; likewise its rhizome (crooked root) furnishes gallic acid. The decoction is to be made with an ounce of the bruised root boiled in a pint of water; one tablespoonful of this may be given every two hours in passive bleedings, and for simple diarrhoea. Other names for the [608] plant are Osterick, and Twice writhen (bis tort), Red legs, and Man giant, from the French mangeant, eatable.

WHITETHORN. (See "Hawthorn," page 245.)

WHORTLEBERRY. (See "Bilberry," page 52.)

WOODRUFF.

Concerning the Sweet Woodruff (Asperula odorata), it is a favourite little plant growing commonly in our woods and gardens, with a pleasant smell which, like the good deeds of the worthiest persons, delights by its fragrance most after death. This herb is of the Rubiaceous order, and gets its botanical name from the Latin asper, rough, in allusion to the rough leaves possessed by its species.

It may be readily recognised by its small white flowers set on a slender stalk, with narrow leaves growing round it in successive whorls, just as in the Cleaver (Goosegrass), which belongs to the same order.

The name Woodruffe has been whimsically spelt Woodderowffe, thus:—

Double U, double O, double D, E R, O, double U, double F, E.

Its terminal syllable, "ruff," is derived from rofe, a wheel,—with the diminutive rouelle, a little wheel or rowel, like that of an ancient spur,—which the verticillate leaves of this herb closely resemble. They serve to remind us also of good Queen Bess, and of the high, starched, old-fashioned ruff which she is shown to wear [609] in her portraits. Therefore, the plant is known as Woodrowel.

When freshly gathered, it has but little odour, but when dried it exhales a delightful and lasting aroma, like the scent of meadow grass, or of peach blossoms.

A fragrant and exhilarating tea may be made from the leaves and blossoms of the sweet Woodruffe, and this is found to be of service in correcting sluggishness of the liver. "When it is desired," says Mr. Johns, "to preserve the leaves merely for their scent, the stem should be cut through just below and above a joint, and the leaves pressed in such a way as not to destroy their star-like arrangement."

Gerard tells us: "The flowers are of a very sweet smell, as is the rest of the herb, which, being made up into garlands or bundles, and hanged up in houses, in the heat of summer, doth very well attemper the air, cool and make fresh the place, to the delight and comfort of such as are therein."

The agreeable odour of this sweet Woodruffe is due to a chemical principle named "coumarin," which powerfully affects the brain; and the plant further contains citric, malic, and rubichloric acids, together with some tannic acid.

Another species of the same genus is the Squinancy Woodruff (Asperula cynanchica), so called from the Greek cynanche, which means quinsy, because an excellent gargle may be made from this herb for the troublesome throat affection here specified, and for any severe sore throat. Quinsy is called cynanche, from the Greek words, kuon, a dog, and ancho, to strangle, because the distressed patient is compelled by the swollen state of his highly inflamed throat, to gasp with his mouth open like a choking dog.

[610] This plant is found growing in dry pastures, especially on a chalky or limestone soil, but it is not common; it has very narrow leaves, and tufts of lilac flowers.

Reverting to the Sweet Woodruff, the dried herb may be kept amongst linen, like lavender, to preserve it from insects.

She—"Fresh Woodruff soaks To brew cool drink, and keep away the moth." —A. Austin, Poet Laureate.

It was formerly employed for strewing churches, littering chambers, and stuffing beds. Withering declares that its strongly aromatic flowers make an infusion which far exceeds even the choice teas of China. The powdered leaves are mixed with fancy snuffs, because of their enduring fragrance.

WOODSORRELL (See also "Docks.")

This elegant little herb, called also French Sorrel, Rabbits' food, Shamrock, and Wood Sour (Oxalis acetosella), is abundant throughout our woods, and in other moist, shady places. It belongs to the natural order of Geraniums, and bears the provincial names of Sour trefoil, Cuckoo's bread, or Gowk's-meat, and Stubwort (from growing about the stubs of hewn trees). Its botanical title is got from the Greek word oxus, sharp, or acid, because of its penetrating sour taste. This is due to the acid oxalate of potash which it contains abundantly, in common with the Dock Sorrel, and the Garden Rhubarb.

By reason of this chemical salt being present in combination with less leafy matter than in the other plants which are akin to it, the Wood Sorrel makes a lighter and more palatable salad.

In olden days the Monks named this pretty little [611] woodland plant Alleluia, because it blossoms between Easter and Whitsuntide, when the Psalms—from the 113th to the 117th, inclusive—which end with the aspiration, "Hallelujah!" were sung.

St. Patrick is said to have shown on the ternate leaf of the Wood Sorrel to his rude audience the possibility of a Trinity in Unity.

The herb has been long popular as a Simple for making a fever drink, which is thought to be somewhat sedative to the heart, and for helping to cure scurvy. Also, it has proved useful against intermittent fever.

Towards assisting to digest, by their free acid, the immature fibre of young flesh meats, the Wood Sorrel leaves are commonly eaten as a dressing with veal, and lamb. But too habitual use of such a salad or sauce has led to the formation of gouty crystals (oxalate of lime) in the urine, with considerable irritation of the kidneys. Externally, the bruised leaves are of excellent service for cleansing and stimulating foul sores and ulcers, being first macerated in a Cabbage leaf with warmth.

This familiar harbinger of Spring, with its three delicate leaflets on a long stalk, and its tiny white flowers, having purple veins like those of the Wood Anemone, bears the fanciful name of Fairy-bells in Welsh districts.

Fra Angelico placed the claret-stained flowers in the foreground of his pictures representing the Crucifixion. After the doctrine of signatures, because of its shape like a heart, the leaf of the Wood Sorrel was formerly esteemed as a cordial medicine. It was called in Latin Panis Cuculi, meaning the "Cuckoo's bread and cheese." The leaves, when bruised, make with sugar a capital conserve which is refreshing to a fevered stomach, or, if boiled in milk, they form an agreeable sub-acid whey. [612] Twenty pounds of the fresh plant will yield four ounces of the oxalate of potash, commonly known as salt of lemons or salt of sorrel, which is often used for taking ink stains out of linen. Francus, an old classical author, concluded by experiment that the herb is of value (cordis vires reparare) to recruit the energies of the heart, and (anginum abigere) to dispel the quinsy. Its infusion makes an excellent anti-putrescent gargle. There is also a yellow variety of the Wood Sorrel.

WORMWOOD.

The common Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) has been partly considered here together with Mugwort, to which it is closely allied. It is a Composite herb of frequent growth on waste ground, being a bushy plant with silky stems, and collections of numerous small heads of dull yellow flowers. The name Wormwood is from wehren, to keep off—mought, a maggot or moth; and absinthium, from-a-negative—psinthos, delight, in allusion to the very bitter taste.

The whole plant is of an aromatic smell and bitter flavour. The flowers, when dried and powdered, destroy worms more effectually than worm seed, whilst the leaves resist putrefaction and help to make capital antiseptic fomentations.

Wormwood tea, or the powdered herb in small doses, mixed in a little soup, will serve to relieve bilious melancholia, and will help to disperse the yellow hue of jaundice from the skin.

This herb was formerly thought to possess the power of dispelling demons, and was thus associated with the ceremonials of St. John's Eve, owning the name, on the Continent, of St. John's Herb, or St. John's Girdle. Both it, and the Mugwort were dedicated to Diana: [613] and Venus gave thereof (Ambrose) to AEneas. It bears the provincial name "old woman." The smell of common Wormwood is very refreshing, and its reviving qualities in heated Courts are almost equal to a change of air.

Dioscorides declared it a preventive of intoxication, and a remedy for the ill-effects of any such excess; for which reason the poculum absinthiacum was a favourite beverage.

Gerard says: "The plant voideth away the worms, not only taken inwardly, but applied outwardly; it withstandeth all putrefactions, and is good against the stinking breath." It keepeth garments also from the moths—A tineis tutam reddit qua conditur arcam (Macer); and Dr. W. Bulleyne says "it keepeth clothes from moths and wormes." This is the great preventive used by cloth manufacturers. "Furthermore," adds Gerard, "taken in wine it is good against the biting of the shrew mouse, and of the sea dragon. It may be applied against the Squincie, or inflammation of the throat, with honey and water: likewise, after the same manner, to dim eyes, and mattery ears."

The characteristic odour of the plant is due to a volatile oil which consists mainly of absinthol; and the intensely bitter taste resides in "absinthin."

The plant also contains tannin, resin, starch, succinic, malic, and acetic acids, with nitrate of potash, and other salts. In some districts it is popularly called "green ginger."

Wormwood is of benefit for strengthless flatulent indigestion. An infusion may be made of an ounce of the dried plant to a pint of boiling water, and given in doses of from one to two tablespoonfuls three times during the day.

[614] This infusion with a few drops of the essential oil will prevent the hair from falling off.

Absinthe, a liqueur concocted from Wormwood, is used largely in France, and the medical verdict pronounced there about its effects shows that it exercises through the pneumogastric nerve a painful sensation, which has been taken for that of extreme hunger. This feeling goes off quickly if a little alcohol is given, though it is aggravated by coffee, whilst an excessive use of absinthe from day to day is not slow in producing serious symptoms: the stomach ceases to perform its duty, there is an irritative reaction in the brain, and the effects of blind drunkenness come on after each debauch. The French Military call absinthe un perroquet. The daily taking even for a short while only of a watery infusion of Wormwood shows its bad effects by a general languor, with obscurities of the sight, giddiness, want of appetite, and painful indigestion.

When indulged-in as an appetiser by connoisseurs, absinthe, the "fairy with the green eyes," is modified by admixture with anisette, noted as an "agreeable and bronchitis-palliating" liqueur.

As a result of his experiments on animals, Dr. Maignan has come to the conclusion that absinthe (Wormwood) determines tremblings, dulness of thought, and epileptiform convulsions,—symptoms which alcohol alone will not produce. Hence it may be inferred that absinthe contains really a narcotic poison which should prevent its being employed as a liqueur, or as a homely medicament, to any excess.

Dogs are given to eat the Wormwood as a remedy for their ailments. Its medicinal and curative uses have been already partly discussed, together with those of Mugwort.

[615] WOUNDWORT.

The Hedge Woundwort (Stachys sylvatica) is a common Labiate plant in our hedges and woods, branched and hairy, with whorls of small dull purple flowers on a spike two feet high or more. There are other varieties of the herb, such as the Marsh (March) Woundwort, the Corn Woundwort, and the Downy Woundwort.

The Hedge Woundwort was named by Gerard, Clown's all heal, or the Husbandman's Woundwort, because a countryman who had cut his hand to the bone with a scythe, healed the wound in seven days with this plant.

It is called by some the Hedge Dead Nettle, from its nettle-like leaves, and the place of its growth.

"The leaves," says Gerard, "stampt (pounded) with hog's grease, and applied unto green wounds in the manner of a poultice, heal them in such short time and such absolute manner, that it is hard for anyone that hath not had the experience thereof to believe. For instance, a deep and grievous wound in the breast with a dagger, and two others in the abdomen (or nether belly), so that the fat commonly named the caul, issued forth, the which mortal wounds, by God's permission, and the virtues of this herb, I perfectly cured within twenty days—for the which the name of God be praised."

The name Stachys given to this herb, is from the Greek stakos, a bunch, because of the arrangement of the flowers. It contains a volatile oil, and a bitter principle undetermined.

The Stachys Germanica (Downy Woundwort) is so called from its soft, downy leaves having been employed instead of lint as a surgical dressing to wounds. The plant grows on a chalky soil in Bedfordshire, [616] Berkshire, and Oxfordshire: being named also "Lamb's Ear."

This Stachys lanata (Woolly Woundwort) is known as Saviour's blanket, in Sussex; also in Devonshire and Somersetshire, as Mouse's ear, Donkey's ear, and Lamb's tongue.

The Knights' Water Woundwort (Statiotes aloides) was supposed from its blade-like leaves, acting on the doctrine of signatures, to heal sword wounds.

YARROW.

The Yarrow, from hiera, holy herb (Achillea millefolium), or Milfoil, is so called from the very numerous fine segments of its leaves. It is a Composite plant very common on waysides and in pastures throughout Britain.

The name Achillea has been bestowed thereupon because the Greek warrior, Achilles, is said to have disclosed its virtues which he had been taught by Chiron, the Centaur. This herb is the _Stratiotes chiliophullos _of the Greek botanists, by whom it was valued as an excellent astringent and vulnerary. But Gerard supposes it may have been the Achillea millefolium nobile, which grows with a thick root and longer leaves, on a fat and fruitful soil, a stranger in England, "and the very same with which Achilles cured the wounds of his soldiers." But, he adds, "the virtues of each sort of Milfoil are set to be both alike."

The flowers of the Common Yarrow or Nosebleed are white or pink; those of the Nobile are yellow.

The popular name of Nosebleed has been given to the Yarrow because the hairy filaments of the leaves, when put up the nose, provoke an exudation of blood, and will thus afford relief to headache, caused by a passive fulness of the vessels. Parkinson says "if it be [617] pat into the nose, assuredly it will stay the bleeding of it," which mast be the' effect of action according to similars. Or if using Yarrow in the same way as a love charm, the following lines were repeated:—

"Green arrow! green arrow! You bear a white blow; If my love love me My nose will bleed now."

The leaves have a somewhat fragrant smell, and a bitterish taste. The odour of the flowers, when rubbed between the fingers, is aromatic. In consequence of this pungent, volatile principle, the herb has proved useful in hysteria, flatulence, heartburn, colic, and epilepsy; also, it is employed in Norway for the cure of rheumatism, and sometimes chewed for toothache.

Yarrow is one of the few aboriginal English plants, having held the primitive title, Gearwe. Greek botanists seem to have known the identical species which we now possess, and to have used it against haemorrhagic losses. It yields, chemically, a dark-green volatile oil, and achilleic acid, which is said to be identical with aconitic acid; also resin, tannin, gum; and earthy ash consisting of nitrates, phosphates, and chlorides of potash and lime.

For preparing an infusion of the plant, half an ounce should be boiled down in half a pint of water to six ounces; one tablespoonful for a dose.

Sir John Hill says the best way of giving Yarrow is in a strong decoction of the whole plant. A hot infusion of the herb taken freely on going to bed at night seldom fails to make short work of a cold.

A medicinal tincture (H.) is prepared from the whole plant with spirit of wine. This, when employed in a diluted form of the first or third decimal strength, and [618] in small doses of from five to ten drops in a tablespoonful of cold water, will act admirably in arresting nocturnal losses in the male; likewise bleeding from the lungs, the kidneys, or the nose, especially in florid, hectic subjects. It has been found by healthy provers that stronger, and larger doses of any preparation of the herb will induce or aggravate one or another of these bleedings.

The fresh juice of the plant may be had, a dessert-spoonful three times in the day; or of the volatile essential oil, from three to five drops for a dose. These medicines greatly stimulate and promote the appetite. "For ague," says Parkinson, "drink a decoction of the herb warm before the fit, and so for two or three fits together."

Externally, a strong decoction of the leaves has been used as an injection into the nostrils to stay bleeding from the nose. It is similarly of service for piles, and for female floodings, because exerting a special local action on the organs within the middle trunk. The bruised herb, or an ointment made from it, is applied by rustics to heal fresh cuts and contusions.

Even in ancient times it was famous as a topical remedy for piles. It is further of benefit for sore nipples as a lotion, and for a relaxed sore throat as a gargle: also as a hair wash.

The leaves were applied in former days as a poultice to wounds; and because of its healing and astringent virtues when so used, the plant gained the names Sanguinary, Thousand leaf, Old Man's pepper, Soldiers' Woundwort. Other local names for it are Staunch grass, Carpenters' weed, and Bloodwort: also, "Old Man's Mustard," "Bad Man's Plaything," and "Devil's Plaything." In Gloucestershire and some other parts, the double-flowered Yarrow is brought to a wedding by [619] bridesmaids as "seven years' love." In Cheshire, children draw the herb across the face to produce a tingling sensation, and they call it "Devil's nettle."

Culpeper spoke of the same as a profitable herb in cramps, and therefore called Militaris.

Yarrow, worn in a little bag over the stomach, was the secret (confided to Boyle) of a great lord against ague. A famous physician had used it with strange efficacy.

Similarly a charmed packet containing dried Yarrow has been credited with bringing success to its bearer, if at the same time he were admitted to the knowledge of a traditional secret (only whispered to the initiated) that this was the first herb our Saviour had put into His hand when a child.

Again, Elspeth Reoch, in 1616, when tried for witchcraft, acknowledged to having employed the Yarrow in her incantations. She "plucked one herbe called Meleflower, sitting on her right knee, and pulling it betwixt the mid-finger and thumbe, and saying: In nominee Patris, Filii, et Spiritus Sancti." The Meleflower is the Achilloea Ptarmica or Sneezewort.

By the plant so gathered, she was enabled to cure distempers, and to impart the faculty of prediction.

YEW.

Although the Yew—a Conifer—which is so thoroughly English a tree, is known to be highly poisonous as regards its leaves to the humans subject, and as concerning its loppings or half-dead branches, to oxen, horses, and asses, yet a medicinal tincture (H.) is made from the young shoots, which has distinct and curative uses. Both the Yew and the Ivy were called abiga, because [620] causing abortion. From which word when corrupted was formed iua; and under this latter name, says Dr. Prior, the Ivy and the Yew became inextricably mixed up.

Moreover, the red berries, or their coloured fleshy cups, are not poisonous when taken in moderation, but rejecting the seeds.

Gerard says: "When I was yong, and went to schoole, divers of my school-fellows and likewise myself, did eat our fils of the berries of this tree, and have not only slept under the shadow thereof, but among the branches also, without any hurt at all, and that not one time, but many times."

Yet Leo Grindon says, much more recently: "Though the juice and pulp of the sweet and viscid berries are not harmful, still the seeds of the Yew, and the leaves are deadly poison."

In the Herbal of 1578, Lyte tells us the Yew is altogether venomous, and against man's nature. "Such as do but only sleep under the shadow thereof become sick, and sometimes they die;" and, "the extract of yew is used by ignorant apothecaries to the great peril and danger of the poor diseased people."

The Yew tree (Taxus baccata) occurs in mountainous woods and rocky glens about Britain, but is rare as of native growth. Its name, Taxus, is a corruption of toxos, an arrow, since arrows in the old time were poisoned with the juice of yew.

The tree was planted frequently by our forefathers in churchyards, because of its value in the manufacture of bows. It is exceedingly long lived, and often attains great magnitude of girth.

A ghastly superstition was attached to the Yew when thus growing in a churchyard, that it would prey upon [621] the dead bodies lying beneath its sombre shade. So Tennyson writes (In Memoriam):—

"Old Yew! which graspest at the stones That name the underlying dead, Thy fibres net the dreamless head, Thy roots are wrapped about the bones."

The juice of the tree and of its leaves is a rapidly fatal poison, the symptoms corresponding in a very remarkable way with those which follow the bites of venomous snakes.

No known poison but the Yew produces the lazar-like ulcerations upon the body, on which Marlowe lays such stress—(Jew of Malta):—

"In few, the blood of Hydra—Herne's bane, The juice of Hebron, and Cocytus' breath, And all the poisons of the Stygian pool."

The witches in Macbeth include it in their accursed brew:—

"Liver of blaspheming Jew, Gall of goat, and Slips of Yew."

The Yew tree is called "Hebon" by Spencer, and "Jew of Malta" by other writers of Shakespeare's time. The leaves are bitter, nauseous, and acrid. The succulent covering of the fruit is soft and slimy, mawkishly sweet, and mucilaginous. The leaves have a dangerous effect on the circulation of the heart, and when taken with any freedom are as fatal as the Foxglove.

Before the new Shakespeare Society, 1882, it was contended and proved to the satisfaction of the Society, that "the cursed Hebena," the "leperous distilment poured into the chambers of mine ears," told of, so pathetically, by the sad ghost of Hamlet's father, was the [622] poison of the Yew, and identical with Marlow[e]'s juice of Hebron.

Ray mentions that a gardener employed in clipping a Yew tree at Pisa, could not proceed with his work for more than half-an-hour at a time without being seized with a violent pain in the head. Nevertheless, deer, sheep, and goats can eat the foliage with impunity.

The fresh leaves were administered to three children near Manchester for worms. Yawning and listlessness came on, and the eldest vomited a little, but neither of them complained of any pain. They all died within a few hours of each other.

Because being then green, on the Sunday next before Easter, the branches of the Yew tree have been used as a substitute for the Palms which symbolise the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem.

The symptoms induced by provings of the leaves and juice in toxic quantities, have been sick headache, with giddiness, feeble, faltering pulse, coldness of the extremities, diarrhoea, and general prostration. So that for this combination of symptoms, as in severe biliousness, or as in the auditory vertigo of Meniere's disease, small doses of the diluted tincture are found to give prompt and effectual relief. The leaves contain a volatile oil, tannin, and a bitter principle "taxina," which is also furnished by the seeds. An extract of Yew has been pronounced a useful narcotic by more than one physician of repute: and in some parts of Germany a decoction of the wood is a well-known remedy against hydrophobia.

A jelly prepared from the berries has been given for chronic bronchitis, and the leaves have been used for epilepsy; likewise they have been taken by ignorant persons to induce abortion, but with serious injury to the experimenter. In some rural districts the berries [623] are known as "Snots"; whilst the wood and roots are "Wire thorn."

By an old statute of Edward the First, trees were required to be placed in churchyards to defend the church from high winds, the clergy being allowed to cut them down for repairing the chancel when necessary. Perhaps, partly for this reason, the Yew was commonly planted by the side of a newly-built church. That its wood was certainly employed for making bows, we learn from Shakespeare:—

"Thy very beadsmen learn to bend their bows Of double-fatal Yew against thy state."

It was "double-fatal," because the leaves and fruit seeds are poisonous, and the bows made from its branches, as well as arrows armed with its deadly juice, were instruments of death.

Against the maladies which have been specified as indicating the tincture of Yew for their cure, from five to ten drops of the third decimal tincture should be given, with a spoonful of water, every two, three, or four hours, whilst required. In Switzerland the Yew is known as William's tree, in memory of Tell. Formerly the name was spelt "Eugh," "Yeugh," and "Ewgh."

Spenser says:—

"The Eugh—obedient to the bender's will."

In olden times the Olitory, or Herb-garden, formed an important annex to all demesnes having any pretensions to completeness, and was under "My Lady's" [624] special charge. In fact, the culture and preparing of Simples formed a part of every lady's education. "My Lord's" retainers and tenants, when out of sorts, were treated with these wholesome remedies, and were directed to find in Simples the cure for all ordinary ailments.

Good George Herbert, of Country Parson celebrity, taught, 1620:— "In the knowledge of Simples, wherein the manifold wisdom of God is wonderfully to be seen, one thing should be carefully observed, which is, to know what herbs may be used instead of drugs of the same nature, and to make the garden the shop; for, home-bred medicines are both more easy for the Parson's purse, and more familiar for all men's bodies. So where the Apothecary useth either for loosing, Rhubarb, or for binding, Bole Armena; the Parson useth Damask, or White Roses for the one, and Plantain, Shepherd's Purse, or Knotgrass for the other: and that with better success. As for Spices, he doth not only prefer home-bred things before them, but condemns them for vanities, and so shuts them out of his family, esteeming that there is no spice comparable of herbs to Rosemary, Thyme, Savory, Mints: and of seeds to Fennel and Carraway. Accordingly for salves his wife seeks not the city, but prefers her garden and fields, before all outlandish gums. And, surely, Hyssop, Valerian, Mercury, Adder's tongue, Yarrow, Melilot, and St. John's Wort, made into a salve, and Elder, Camomile, Mallows, Comphrey, and Smallage, made into a poultice have done great, and rare cures!"

[625] INDEX.

AGE, Old, to Promote. Agrimony, Hemp . . . 19 Apples . . . 27-31 Chamomile . . . 86 Chervil . . . 101 Cider . . . 81 Elder . . . 168 Fennel . . . 182 Fig . . . 196 Honey . . . 258 Lemon . . . 303 Mountain Ash . . . 350 Oat drink . . . 397 Orchis Salep . . . 405 Sage . . . 490 Sago . . . 155 Sea Holly (Eryngo) . . . 499 Sugar . . . 257

AGUE, and Intermittent Fever. Agrimony, Hemp . . . 19 Chestnut, Horse . . . 102 Cinquefoil, Creeping . . . 515 Cloves oil . . . 396 Feverfew . . . 193 Flag, Sweet . . . 202 Lemon . . . 302 Mercury, Dog's . . . 332 Nettle . . . 385 Parsley seed . . . 409 Parsnip, Wild . . . 414 Plantain, Ribwort . . . 435 Rush, sweet-scented . . . 480 Sage . . . 492 Skullcap, Greater . . . 517 Sunflower . . . 547-549 Verbena-vervain . . . 588 Woodsorrel . . . 611 Yarrow . . . 618

ALBUMINURIA, see URINE.

ANEURISM of Heart. Club moss . . . 115

ANTISEPTIC and Germ Destroying. Agrimony . . . 19 Angelica . . . 24 Camphor . . . 338 Carrot . . . 88 Centaury . . . 97 Cinnamon bark . . . 390 Clove . . . 395 Currant, Red, juice . . . 138 Elecampane . . . 173 Garlic . . . 215 Hop . . . 266 Juniper . . . 294 Mountain Ash jelly . . . 350 Mustard flour . . . 377 Onion tribe . . . 211 Orange . . . 403 Peppermint . . . 340 Rosemary . . . 473 Rue . . . 478 Sage . . . 490 Sorrel . . . 161 Tamarind . . . 551 Tansy . . . 554 Tar . . . 582 Thistle, Sow . . . 558 —Carline . . . 558 Thymol . . . 563 Tomato . . . 569 Wormwood . . . 355,612

[626] APPETITE, to Improve. Asafetida (Garlic) . . . 220 Lettuce . . . 309 Orange . . . 403 Parsnip . . . 414 Samphire . . . 497 Sorrel . . . 161 Yarrow . . . 618

ASTHMA. Anise . . . 26 Bee propolis . . . 260 Cabbage, Red . . . 75 Coltsfoot (to smoke) . . . 118 Elder . . . 166 Elecampane candy . . . 173 Garlic . . . 215 Horehound, white . . . 267 Hyssop . . . 278 Mace . . . 395 Mullein . . . 361 Mustard, Hedge . . . 382 Nettle . . . 387 Onion tincture . . . 212 Pine, yellow (pillow) . . . 577 Primrose, Evening (with diarrhoea) . . . 450 Rosemary, wild (gouty) . . . 475 Sow Thistle . . . 559 Speedwell . . . 528 Vernal grass (Hay) . . . 241

ATROPHY and Wasting. Acorn (of children) . . . 16 Daisy (from youthful indiscretions) . . . 144 Dandelion . . . 151 Iceland Moss . . . 501 Truffle . . . 371 Vine (of young women) . . . 588

BACK, Injury to Spine. Saint John's Wort . . . 289

BILIOUS Disorders, and Jaundice. Agrimony . . . 18 Apple (sluggish liver) . . . 27 Asparagus . . . 37 Barberry . . . 42 Carrot . . . 89 Celandine, Greater . . . 99, 603 Chickweed . . . 106 Cinquefoil, Creeping . . . 516 Dandelion . . . 149 Egg . . . 150 Flag, blue (bilious sickness) . . . 199 Gooseberry, red . . . 225 Grape cure . . . 239, 588 Hemp Agrimony . . . 20 Hop . . . 264 Hyssop, Hedge . . . 280 Ivy cup (spleen congested) . . . 282 Knapweed . . . 296 Lemon juice . . . 301 Lime . . . 317 Marigold . . . 327 Mullein (with megrims) . . . 361 Orach . . . 229 Orange . . . 402 Parsnip, wild . . . 414 Radish tincture . . . 487 Samphire (spleen congested) . . . 498 Spindle . . . 531 Spleenwort fern . . . 190 Strawberry . . . 539 Succory (melancholy) . . . 541 Tamarind . . . 551 Thistle, Blessed . . . 558 —Milk . . . 557 Toadflax . . . 567 Tomato . . . 571 Water Pepper (with sore fundament) . . . 606 Woodruff . . . 609 Wormwood (with melancholy) . . . 612 Yew (severe) . . . 622

BLADDER, see Urine.

BLEEDING. Acorn . . . 17 Agaric, Oak (amadou) . . . 370 [627] Bistort, great . . . 607 Bramble . . . 54 Burnet Saxifrage . . . 431 Cinnamon (from bowels) . . . 392 Comfrey . . . 120 Fern, Hart's tongue . . . 187 Goosegrass . . . 233 John's Wort, Saint . . . 288 Lavender, Sea (from kidney) . . . 300 Lemon . . . 303 Mistletoe (from womb) . . . 348 Moss, Iceland (from lungs) . . . 500 Nettle, White . . . 386 Periwinkle, Lesser . . . 428 Plantain, Water . . . 436 Puff-ball . . . 366 Quince . . . 454 Saffron (from nose) . . . 489 Sanicle . . . 509 Shepherd's Purse . . . 514 Sloe . . . 518 Strawberry (root and leaf) . . . 537 Tormentil . . . 573 Turpentine (from lungs, or kidneys) . . . 577 Yarrow (from nose) . . . 618

BLOODLESSNESS. Marigold, Marsh . . . 330

BOILS. Daisy . . . 144 Dock . . . 159 Fig . . . 196 Groundsel . . . 245 Honey . . . 259 Parsley, Stone . . . 413 Radish (carbuncle) . . . 457

BOWELS and Stomach. CATARRH— Grape . . . 239 Quince seed . . . 452

BRAIN. TO STRENGTHEN— Apple . . . 27 Balm . . . 41 Cress . . . 127 Oat . . . 154 Rosemary . . . 470 Sage . . . 491

CONGESTION OF— Darnel (active) . . . 243 Lettuce, wild . . . 311 Saffron . . . 488

ANGRY EXCITABILITY— Cat Mint . . . 345

BREAST. CANCER OF— Goosegrass . . . 233 Marjoram . . . 332 Parsley . . . 411

SWOLLEN WITH MILK— Parsley leaves . . . 409 Yarrow (sore nipples) . . . 618

BRONCHITIS. RECENT CATARRH— Daffodil (children) . . . 143 Eyebright . . . 176 Fig . . . 197 Flax, Linseed . . . 263 Yarrow . . . 617

CHRONIC— Angelica . . . 24 Anise (of children) . . . 25 Coltsfoot . . . 119 Elecampane . . . 174 Garlic . . . 215 Ginger . . . 392 Horehound, white . . . 267 Hyssop . . . 278 Ivy, Ground . . . 284 Mace . . . 395 Moon Daisy . . . 147 Mustard, white . . . 381 Onion . . . 210 Radish . . . 456 Rue compress . . . 477 [628] Sow Thistle (wheezy) . . . 559 Sundew . . . 544 Tar . . . 581 Turpentine . . . 577 Yew . . . 622

BRUISES. Agrimony . . . 19 Bryony, white (black eye) . . . 66 Caraway poultice . . . 83 Chervil . . . 101 Comfrey . . . 120 Daisy . . . 145 Elder, Dwarf . . . 172 Fern, Royal . . . 186 Hyssop (black eye) . . . 279 Mullein oil . . . 362 Pea . . . 416 Shepherd's Purse . . . 513 Solomon's Seal (broken bones) . . . 525 Verjuice . . . 238 Vinegar poultice . . . 240 Yarrow . . . 618

BUGS, to Expel. Agaric . . . 369 Lavender . . . 297 Tansy . . . 553

BUNION. Vinegar poultice . . . 240

BURRS and SCALDS. Bilberry . . . 53 Blackberry . . . 54 Brooklime . . . 431 Dock, Wayside . . . 158 Elder . . . 168 Fern, Hart's tongue . . . 187 House Leek . . . 275 Lettuce leaf . . . 311 Lime, sweet . . . 317 Linseed Flax . . . 203 Marigold . . . 329 Marsh Mallow . . . 324 Nettle . . . 385 Potato, raw . . . 445

CANCER. Belladonna (external) . . . 389 Clover, red . . . 110 Comfrey root . . . 595 Crowfoot, Ranunculus . . . 73 Egg shells . . . 150, 458 Goosegrass . . . 232 Hemlock juice (external) . . . 251 Hoglouse . . . 565 Lemon juice (of tongue) . . . 301 Livelong Sedum . . . 276 Marjoram (of breast) . . . 332 Marigold . . . 328 Opium . . . 440 Parsley leaves (tumours) . . . 411 Ragwort . . . 458 Shepherd's Purse . . . 513 Stitchwort . . . 536 Stone crop . . . 277 Thistle, Milk . . . 557 Tomato (for, or against) . . . 570 Turpentine Chian (of womb) . . . 579 Wartwort (Celandine, greater) . . . 603 Water Fennel . . . 604 Water Hemlock . . . 251

CARBUNCLE. Radish juice . . . 457 Savin . . . 494

CHAPPED HANDS. Fern, Polypody . . . 190 Groundsel . . . 245 Juniper gum . . . 294 Leek . . . 220 Spearmint . . . 342

CHICKEN POCK. Nettle . . . 885

CHILBLAINS. Agaric, Fly mushroom . . . 870 Bryony, black . . . 68 Butcher's Broom . . . 65 Capsicum friction . . . 80 [629] Leek . . . 220 Onion (to unbroken) . . . 211 Potato (frost bite) . . . 445 Rosemary, wild . . . 474

CHOLERA. Camphor . . . 338 Elecampane . . . 174 Water pepper . . . 607

COLD and CATARRH. FOR FRESH COLD— Anemone, Wood . . . 21 Balm tea . . . 41 Barley water . . . 48 Borage . . . 61 Camphor . . . 337 Herb Bennet . . . 48 Ivy, ground . . . 285 Lime, sweet tea . . . 317 Linseed Flax . . . 203 Yarrow . . . 617

FOR CONTINUED CATARRH— Anise (of infants) . . . 25 Borage (feverish) . . . 61 Dog's Mercury . . . 333 Elder . . . 167 Eyebright . . . 176 Fig pulp . . . 197 Hemp Agrimony . . . 20 Honey . . . 260 Lemon . . . 303 Maiden-hair fern . . . 189 Mustard (apply) . . . 377 Onion (tincture and broth) . . . 212 Pellitory, Spanish (of head) . . . 425 Peppermint spray . . . 339 Poppy, red (pleurisy) . . . 438 Quince . . . 452 Saint John's Wort . . . 288 Soapwort (inflamed lungs) . . . 523 Thistle, Milk . . . 557 Turnip (with hoarseness) . . . 575 Viper's Bugloss . . . 595

COLIC of Bowels. Chamomile . . . 85 Fennel (of infants) . . . 181 Ground Ivy (lead colic) . . . 286 Marjoram . . . 332 Peppermint . . . 339 Poppy (foment) . . . 439 Rice . . . 462 Silver-weed . . . 515 Tormentil . . . 573 Turpentine . . . 579 Walnut (inner skin) . . . 599

CONSTIPATION of Bowels. Apple . . . 28 Barberry . . . 42 Brooklime . . . 431 Bryony, white . . . 66 Buckthorn (black alder) . . . 70 Bugloss . . . 594 Clove . . . 396 Dill seed . . . 157 Dock, Herb Patience . . . 159 —Water, great . . . 164 Dodder . . . 112 Dwarf, Elder . . . 171 Elder . . . 167 Fig . . . 197 Flag, Stinking . . . 201 Flax seed . . . 203 Flax, Purging . . . 204 Gingerbread . . . 393 Grape . . . 237 Groundsel . . . 244 Honey . . . 262 Horse Chestnut . . . 102 Hyssop, Hedge . . . 280 Ivy, Gum . . . 282 Lettuce, Wild . . . 308 Liquorice . . . 319 Maidenhair fern . . . 188 Mallow . . . 323 Marigold . . . 328 Mulberry . . . 357 Mustard, white seeds . . . 381 Oatmeal . . . 398 Peach flowers . . . 418 [630] Periwinkle, greater (children) . . . 427 Perry . . . 422 Plantain . . . 436 Plum, electuary . . . 521 Polypody fern . . . 190 Prune . . . 521 Psyllium seeds . . . 430 Sea Cabbage . . . 76 Sea Holly . . . 500 Sloe (gently laxative) . . . 519 Sowbread . . . 451 Spinach (for aged) . . . 530 Spindle . . . 532 Spurge, Wood . . . 533 Strawberry . . . 538 Succory (children) . . . 541 Tamarind . . . 551 Thistle, Carline . . . 558 Toadflax . . . 566 Tomato sauce . . . 569 Turpentine (with colic) . . . 579 Valerian (chronic) . . . 584 Violet, Dog . . . 594 Violet, Sweet . . . 591 Walnut, green . . . 601

CONSUMPTION of Lungs. Acorn, oak bark . . . 17 Agaric, Fly (night sweats) . . . 370 Balm . . . 41 Carraigeen Moss . . . 500 Carrot (children) . . . 89 Cow . . . 126 Cresses . . . 131 Dandelion . . . 151 Date . . . 152 Elecampane . . . 175 Grape cure . . . 239, 588 Ground Ivy . . . 286 Horehound . . . 268 Iceland Moss . . . 500 Marigold, Corn (night sweats) . . . 326 Mugwort . . . 354 Mullein milk . . . 359 Nettle . . . 385 Ox eye Daisy . . . 147 Peppermint oil (inhale) . . . 341 Pimpernel . . . 429 Plantain, Greater (blood spitting) . . . 434 Poppy, Sea . . . 441 Rice . . . 463 Rose, French crimson . . . 465 Saffron . . . 488 Snails . . . 118, 409 Speedwell . . . 528 Strawberry . . . 538 Succory . . . 541 Sundew (of wind pipe) . . . 544 Terebene . . . 578 Thyme . . . 564 Vine . . . 588 Violet sugar . . . 591 Watercress . . . 131

CONVULSIONS. Chickweed (of children) . . . 106 Henbane necklace . . . 253 Mistletoe . . . 345 Mugwort (children) . . . 354 Orange . . . 401 Parsley, Fool's . . . 413

CORDIAL. Allspice . . . 396 Asafetida . . . 219 Balm . . . 39 Blackberry . . . 55 Borage . . . 60, 595 Burnet Saxifrage . . . 431 Calamint . . . 344 Caraway . . . 82 Cat-thyme . . . 565 Chervil . . . 101 Cinnamon . . . 390 Citron (restorative) . . . 301 Coriander . . . 123 Cumin . . . 135 Elecampane . . . 173 Fennel . . . 179 Flag, Sweet . . . 201 Grapes . . . 238 [631] Horse Radish . . . 270 Hyssop . . . 278 Juniper berries . . . 291 Lavender . . . 296 Lime . . . 317 Lupine . . . 306 Marigold broth . . . 327 Marjoram . . . 331 Mead (honey) . . . 259 Mint, Garden . . . 334 Mustard . . . 380 Nutmeg . . . 393 Pansy . . . 589 Parsnip . . . 414 Peach . . . 419 Pear, perry . . . 422 Pennyroyal . . . 335 Peppermint . . . 339 Pink . . . 433 Primrose, Evening . . . 450 Quince . . . 453 Rosemary . . . 470 Saffron (noble) . . . 486 Sage (for indigestion) . . . 490 Sloe . . . 519 Spearmint . . . 343 Strawberry . . . 538 Tansy . . . 553 Tarragon . . . 555 Thistle, Carline . . . 558 Thyme, Wild . . . 562 Verbena . . . 587 Viper's Bugloss . . . 595 Wallflower . . . 596 Woodruff . . . 609 Woodsorrel . . . 612

CORNS. Celandine, greater . . . 94 House leek . . . 275 Ivy leaf . . . 282 Potato, boiled . . . 445 Radish juice . . . 456

COUGH. Bean . . . 416 Bryony, white (bronchial) . . . 67 Cabbage . . . 75 Chamomile (nervous) . . . 85 Cherry, Wild . . . 99 Coltsfoot . . . 117 Dock, yellow curled (bronchial) . . . 163 Elder (croupy) . . . 166 Elecampane . . . 174 Fennel (chronic) . . . 181 Fern, Maidenhair . . . 189 Fig . . . 197 Hedge mustard . . . 381 Hemlock vapour . . . 250 Honey . . . 259 Horehound, Water . . . 269 Horehound, White . . . 267 Lime, Sweet (hard cough) . . . 317 Linseed Flax . . . 203 Liquorice (if hoarse) . . . 319 Marsh Mallow . . . 323 Moon Daisy . . . 147 Mullein (smoke) . . . 361 Mustard, Hedge . . . 382 Nutmeg (chronic) . . . 395 Parietary (old cough) . . . 424 Pear . . . 423 Peppermint . . . 341 Radish (chronic and bilious) . . . 457 Rosemary, wild . . . 474 Speedwell . . . 528 Sundew . . . 544 Turnip syrup . . . 575 Turpentine (bronchial) . . . 578 Violet (spasmodic) . . . 593 Wall Rue (bronchial) . . . 191 Wart-wort (spasmodic) . . . 603

CRAMP. Cork . . . 426 Mullein root . . . 361 Periwinkle, lesser (legs) . . . 426 Silverweed (belly) . . . 515 Yarrow . . . 619

CROUP. Elder . . . 166

[632] DEAFNESS, see EAR.

DEBILITY, General. Chestnut, sweet . . . 105 Fig . . . 196 Hop . . . 264 Lentil . . . 305 Lily of the Valley (nervous) . . . 315 Lupine . . . 306 Mushroom, French . . . 374 Nettle-urtication . . . 384 Orange, bitter . . . 403 Potato, sweet . . . 442 Sage . . . 491 Salep . . . 405 Sea Holly . . . 499 Spinach . . . 530 Truffles (children) . . . 371

DELIRIUM TREMENS. Capsicum . . . 79 Chamomile . . . 87

DIABETES. Apple bark . . . 29 Asparagus . . . 36 Fern, Hart's-tongue . . . 188 Iceland Moss . . . 501 Knapweed . . . 296 Stitchwort, greater . . . 536

DIARRHOEA. ACTIVE LOOSENESS— Barberry (bilious) . . . 42 Camphor (choleraic) . . . 338 Cinnamon . . . 391 Fool's Parsley . . . 413 Radish . . . 457 Spurge, Wood . . . 534

CHRONIC LOOSENESS— Fruit, fresh . . . 455 Hart's-tongue Fern . . . 187 House Leek . . . 276 Orchis (Salep) . . . 407 Periwinkle, lesser . . . 428 Quince . . . 453 Sloe . . . 519 Strawberry . . . 540 Water Lily, yellow (for morning looseness) . . . 605

SIMPLE LOOSENESS— Agrimony . . . 19 Bilberry . . . 52 Bistort, great . . . 607 Blackberry . . . 54 Chamomile (children) . . . 85 Cinquefoil . . . 515 Flag, Sweet . . . 200 Flag, Yellow . . . 202 Flax Purging . . . 204 Ginger . . . 392 Lime Blossom . . . 317 Mace . . . 395 Marsh Mallow . . . 323 Mountain Ash . . . 351 Nutmeg . . . 394 Peppermint . . . 339 Pulsatilla (catarrhal) . . . 21 Rice . . . 462 Service tree . . . 352 Silverweed . . . 515 Tormentil . . . 573

DIPHTHERIA. Betony, Stone-crop . . . 276 Peppermint oil . . . 342 Tar . . . 580 Turpentine . . . 580

DISINFECTANTS, see ANTI-SEPTICS.

DIZZINESS, see GIDDINESS.

DRINK, Alcoholic. EFFECTS TO DISPEL— Acorn spirit . . . 16 Angelica . . . 24 Cabbage . . . 77 Capsicum . . . 79 Chamomile . . . 87 Darnel . . . 243 Ivy . . . 283 Sorrel . . . 161 Strawberry . . . 539 Watercress . . . 133 Wormwood . . . 613

[633] DROPSY. Artichoke, Globe . . . 549 Asparagus (heart) . . . 36 Bee sting . . . 261 Blackberry . . . 55 Broom (heart) . . . 62 Butcher's broom . . . 65 Cabbage . . . 77 Christmas Rose . . . 108 Currant, Black, leaves . . . 140 Fennel . . . 181 Hyssop, hedge . . . 279 Juniper berries (kidney) . . . 292 Lily of the Valley (heart) . . . 315 Onion . . . 210 Pellitory of Wall (heart) . . . 424 Plantain, Water . . . 436 Rosemary (heart) . . . 472 Shepherd's Purse (kidney) . . . 512 Toadflax . . . 566

DROWSINESS. Nutmeg . . . 894

DYSENTERY. Bilberry . . . 52 Daffodil . . . 143 Fruit, fresh . . . 455 Hart's-tongue Fern . . . 187 House Leek . . . 275 Hyssop, Hedge . . . 280 Iceland Moss . . . 501 Marsh Mallow . . . 323 Mustard, Hedge . . . 382 Quince . . . 454 Rice . . . 463 Sanicle . . . 509 Service Tree . . . 352 Strawberry, wild . . . 537 Violet, sweet (infants) . . . 591

EARS. EAR-ACHE, OR DEAFNESS— Cabbage . . . 75 Capsicum . . . 80 Caraway poultice . . . 82 Cat's tail . . . 482 Chamomile . . . 86 Christmas Rose . . . 108 Fennel . . . 182 Feverfew (with headache) . . . 194 Garlic . . . 216 Ground Ivy . . . 286 Marigold . . . 328 Mullein (with eczema, or abscess) . . . 362 Onion poultice . . . 211 Plaintain, greater . . . 434 Pulsatilla (catarrhal) . . . 21 Spurge, Wood . . . 534 Yew tincture (giddiness from ear) . . . 622

ECZEMA, see SKIN.

EPILEPSY, Falling Sickness. Bryony, white . . . 66 Carrot flower . . . 88 Clover, sweet . . . 113 Club Moss . . . 116 Cuckoo flower . . . 134 Daffodil . . . 143 Elder flower . . . 171 Fool's Parsley . . . 412 Goose Grass . . . 234 Juniper berries . . . 293 Lime, sweet . . . 317 Marsh Marigold . . . 331 Mistletoe . . . 346 Mugwort coals . . . 354 Mullein . . . 360 Orange flower . . . 401 Parsley . . . 408, 412 —Fool's . . . 412 Pimpernel . . . 429 Pink . . . 433 Rose, red . . . 466 Rue . . . 476 Skullcap, greater . . . 517 Sea Holly . . . 499 Sea water (gold) . . . 508 Thyme, wild . . . 562 Turpentine . . . 579 Valerian . . . 584 [634] Violet, sweet . . . 593 Wormwood . . . 614 Yarrow . . . 617 Yew . . . 622

ERYSIPELAS. Bee sting . . . 260 House Leek . . . 275 Primula . . . 449 Strawberry, wild . . . 537

EYES. FOR WEAK OR INFLAMED— Apple poultice . . . 28 Cabbage (scrofulous) . . . 78 Capsicum . . . 80 Clary . . . 492 Eyebright . . . 177 Fennel . . . 180 Fool's Parsley (scrofulous) . . . 412 House Leek . . . 275 Ivy . . . 282 Marsh Mallow . . . 324 Parsley . . . 409 Rose water . . . 466 Saint John's Wort . . . 288 Saliva . . . 178 Sloe . . . 519 Snail poultice . . . 411 Strawberry . . . 539 Succory (amaurosis) . . . 541 Turpentine (rheumatic) . . . 577 Valerian . . . 585 Verbena . . . 587

TO STRENGTHEN VISION— Asafetida . . . 219 Blackthorn . . . 519 Bogbean (amaurosis) . . . 59 Caraway . . . 83 Darnel . . . 243 Fennel (for cataract) . . . 180 Fumitory . . . 208 Parsley . . . 409 Puffball . . . 368 Rice . . . 477 Saffron . . . 488 Stitchwort . . . 536 Thyme, wild . . . 563 Vine sap . . . 238

TO REDUCE A BLACK EYE— Bryony, white . . . 66 Hyssop . . . 273

TO REMOVE SPECKS— Celandine, greater . . . 94 Meadow sage . . . 492

SIGHT IMPAIRED BY THE USE OF— Chicory . . . 542 Parsley . . . 409 Rice (in excess) . . . 477 Stye in eye (gold ring) . . . 515

FAINTING, For. Dodder . . . 112 Nutmeg . . . 394 Rosewater, sprinkle . . . 467

FAT, to Reduce. Bladderwrack . . . 504 Fennel seed . . . 181 Goose Grass . . . 233

FATIGUE, to Lessen. Grapes . . . 239 Honey . . . 257 Hop . . . 264 Sorrel soup . . . 160

FERTILITY, to Promote. Leek . . . 220 Potato . . . 446

FEVER, to Allay. Apple tea . . . 30 Barley water . . . 45 Currant, Red, juice . . . 138 Fumitory (malarious) . . . 208 Grapes . . . 236 Lemon (intermittent) . . . 302 Lettuce, garden 310 [635] Marigold (low fever) . . . 328 Quince . . . 454 Raspberry vinegar . . . 460 Rice . . . 463 Rose, French crimson . . . 464 Soapwort (low fever) . . . 523 Sorrel, Wood . . . 162-611 Strawberry (putrid) . . . 540 Tamarind . . . 551 Vernal Grass (hay fever) . . . 241

FLATULENCE. Angelica . . . 23 Aniseed . . . 25 Burnet Saxifrage . . . 430 Capsicum . . . 81 Caraway . . . 82 Cinnamon . . . 391 Clove . . . 396 Club Moss . . . 114 Coriander . . . 123 Cumin . . . 136 Dill (Infants) . . . 156 Fennel seed . . . 181 Flag, Sweet . . . 201 Ginger . . . 392 Juniper berries . . . 293 Lavender . . . 297 Nutmeg . . . 393 Orange, Seville . . . 403 Peppermint . . . 339 Pink . . . 438 Rice (to avoid) . . . 462 Rue . . . 475 Spearmint . . . 343 Tansy . . . 553 Thyme, wild . . . 562 Turnips (to avoid) . . . 575 Valerian . . . 585 Wormwood . . . 613 Yarrow . . . 617

FLEAS, and other Insects, to destroy. Lavender oil . . . 296 Pennyroyal . . . 334 Walnut . . . 600 Water-lily, yellow . . . 605 Water Pepper . . . 606 Wormwood . . . 355

FLIES, to destroy, or prevent. Chamomile . . . 85 Elder . . . 165 Feverfew . . . 193 Horehound . . . 268 Toadflax . . . 566

FRECKLES, to Remove. Anise . . . 26 Cowslip . . . 125 Fumitory . . . 208 Savin . . . 494 Silverweed . . . 515 Solomon's Seal . . . 525 Speedwell . . . 529 Strawberry . . . 540

FROST-BITES, for Potato flour . . . 445

FRUITS which do not turn Acid in Stomach. Apple . . . 29 Mulberry . . . 358 Quince . . . 454 Raspberry . . . 460 Strawberry . . . 538

FUNDAMENT, SORE, and see PILES. Fig . . . 197 Figwort water . . . 198 Hemlock, apply . . . 249 Nettle, (for itching of) . . . 385 Thyme, Cat . . . 565 Water Pepper . . . 606

GIDDINESS. Chestnut, Horse . . . 103 Cowslip . . . 125 Lily of the Valley . . . 314 Mistletoe (epileptiform) . . . 349 Nutmeg . . . 393 [636] Parsley . . . 408 Rue . . . 476 Spearmint . . . 343 Tansy . . . 553 Thistle, Blessed . . . 558 Yew, (connected with ear) . . . 622

GLANDS, Scrofulous, Enlarged to Reduce. Bladderwrack (goitre) . . . 503 Burdock . . . 163 Clover, sweet . . . 113 Cresses . . . 130 Cumin, plaster . . . 136 Dock, yellow curled . . . 163 Dodder . . . 112 Dulse . . . 501 Fennel . . . 182 Foxglove ointment . . . 206 Garlic . . . 215 Goosegrass . . . 232 Hemlock . . . 251 House Leek . . . 275 Linseed oil . . . 203 Marjoram (of breast) . . . 332 Mugwort . . . 356 Parsley (and snails) . . . 409 Peach (goitre) . . . 419 Rose Rock . . . 470 Sea Tang . . . 502 Sea Weeds . . . 497 Valerian . . . 584 Walnut . . . 601 Watercress . . . 131 Water Figwort (of neck) . . . 198

GOLD. In sea water . . . 507

GOUT. Apple . . . 28 Asparagus . . . 36 Blackberry . . . 55 Carrot (with gravel) . . . 88 Currant, black . . . 139 Daisy . . . 144 Ginger . . . 392 Goutweed . . . 236 Grape cure . . . 239 Hemlock, apply . . . 249 Horehound, Black . . . 269 Hungary water . . . 472 Lily of the Valley . . . 316 Meadow Saffron . . . 484 Mugwort . . . 354 Mullein . . . 360 Nettle . . . 385 Nutmeg . . . 394 Pear, wild . . . 423 Rosemary, wild (with eczema) . . . 474 Speedwell . . . 529 Strawberry . . . 538 Succory . . . 541 Tansy . . . 552

FRUIT PROPER FOR GOUTY PERSONS— Apple . . . 29 Mulberry . . . 358 Quince . . . 454 Raspberry . . . 460 Strawberry . . . 538

FRUITS IMPROPER FOR THE GOUTY— Grapes, sweet . . . 236 Rhubarb, garden . . . 160 Sorrel . . . 160 Tomato, uncooked . . . 569 Wood Sorrel . . . 160, 611

GRAPE CURE. Grape cure . . . 239

GRAVEL, see URINE.

GUM BOIL. Fig, split . . . 196

HAIR. TO PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF— Artichoke, Jerusalem . . . 549 Daffodil . . . 143 [637] Honey water . . . 260 Lavender oil . . . 297 Lemon juice (to remove dandriff) . . . 304 Maidenhair Fern . . . 188 Mullein . . . 361 Mustard oil . . . 376 Rosemary spirit . . . 472 Saint John's Wort . . . 289 Savin . . . 494 Southernwood . . . 527 Spindle (remove scurf) . . . 531 Verbena . . . 587 Wall Rue . . . 191 Water Lily, yellow . . . 605 Wormwood . . . 356, 614

TO DYE DARK— Bramble . . . 56 Elder juice . . . 168 Oranges, green . . . 403 Walnut juice . . . 599

TO REMOVE SUPERFLUOUS HAIR— Fern Oak . . . 190 Fumitory . . . 207 Spurge, Wood . . . 533

FOR FIXING THE HAIR— Quince Bandoline . . . 452

HEADACHE. FROM ACTIVE FULNESS, WITH HOT SKIN, AND FLUSHED FACE— Basil . . . 46 Elder . . . 188 Mustard paper . . . 378 Parsley . . . 408 Tansy . . . 553

PASSIVE FULNESS OF HEAD, WITH GENERAL COLDNESS AND PALLOR— Betony . . . 49 Buttercup . . . 73 Clover, sweet . . . 112 Cowslip . . . 125 Elecampane (costive) . . . 175 Flag, yellow . . . 200 Ginger . . . 392 Groundsel . . . 245 Lettuce, Wild (dull and striped) . . . 311 Mustard . . . 377 Primrose . . . 448 Puffball powder . . . 367 Tansy . . . 553 Yarrow (for making nose bleed) . . . 616

NERVOUS HEADACHE AND HYSTERICAL— Asafetida . . . 218 Balm . . . 41 Basil . . . 46 Betony . . . 48 Camphor . . . 337 Celery . . . 96 Clover, sweet . . . 113 Flag, blue (bilious) . . . 199 Garlic . . . 218 Ground Ivy (inveterate) . . . 285 Ivy leaves (after hard drinking) . . . 283 Lavender . . . 299 Lily of the Valley . . . 315 Lime, sweet . . . 317 Marjoram . . . 331 Mullein (in the bilious) . . . 361 Pennyroyal . . . 335 Peppermint . . . 339 Primrose . . . 448 Rosemary . . . 473 Rue (giddiness) . . . 476 Saffron . . . 489 Thyme, wild . . . 562 Valerian . . . 585 Verbena (inveterate) . . . 587 Violet, sweet . . . 593 Wallflower . . . 597 Water Hemlock . . . 251

HEART. TO STRENGTHEN A WEAK HEART— Fly, Agaric Mushroom . . . 370 Lily of the Valley . . . 814 [638] Mistletoe . . . 348 Saffron . . . 486 Sea water, gold in . . . 508 Soapwort (in fever) . . . 523

FOR IRRITABLE HEART, WITH NERVOUS PALPITATIONS— Asparagus . . . 36 Cherry, wild . . . 99 Hart's-tongue Fern . . . 188 Hemlock plaster . . . 249 Lavender . . . 297 Lemon juice . . . 301 Lily of the Valley . . . 314 Nettle, Stinging . . . 384

HEARTBURN, see INDIGESTION.

HICCOUGH. Aniseed . . . 25 Dill . . . 156 Hart's-tongue Fern . . . 188 Mustard . . . 378 Skullcap, lesser . . . 517 Spearmint . . . 343

HYDROPHOBIA. Club Moss . . . 116 Cress, garden . . . 128 Figwort . . . 51 Horehound, black . . . 268 Pimpernel . . . 429 Plantain, Water . . . 436 Rose, Dog root . . . 465 Rush, flowering . . . 481 Thistle, Milk . . . 557 Yew . . . 622

HYSTERIA. Allspice . . . 397 Caraway . . . 83 Cowslip . . . 124 Daffodil . . . 143 Feverfew . . . 193 Garlic . . . 215 Goosefoot, Stinking . . . 229 Horehound, Black . . . 269 Lavender . . . 297 Mistletoe (St. Vitus's dance) . . . 348 Mugwort . . . 353 Orange blossoms . . . 401 Pennyroyal . . . 335 Primrose . . . 448 Rosemary . . . 474 Rue . . . 476 Sage, meadow (colic) . . . 492 Southernwood . . . 527 Tansy . . . 553 Thyme, wild . . . 562 Turnip (injurious) . . . 575 Valerian . . . 584 Yarrow . . . 617

INDIGESTION. Allspice (flatulent) . . . 397 Anemone Pulsatilla . . . 21 Capsicum . . . 81 Centaury (tonic) . . . 97 Cinnamon . . . 391 Clove . . . 396 Club Moss (water brash) . . . 114 Cumin . . . 136 Currant, Red (torpor) . . . 138 Feverfew . . . 193 Flag, sweet . . . 201 Ginger (gouty) . . . 392 Good King Henry . . . 228 Gooseberry (after rich food) . . . 224 Hop . . . 264 Horse Radish . . . 272 Lavender . . . 299 Lemon juice (heartburn) . . . 303 Lettuce . . . 308 Lupine . . . 306 Nutmeg (drowsy) . . . 394 Onion (if cold-blooded) . . . 210 Primrose, Evening . . . 450 Pyrethrum lozenges, (heartburn) . . . 426 Quince . . . 455 Raspberries . . . 461 Sage (after rich meats) . . . 490 [689] Sago . . . 155 Samphire . . . 498 Spearmint (infants after milk) . . . 343 Walnut (after fish, and for colic) . . . 600 Wood Sorrel (prevents) . . . 611 Wormwood . . . 613

INFLUENZA. Agrimony, Hemp . . . 20 Capsicum . . . 80 Cinnamon . . . 392 Orange . . . 403 Rue oil . . . 476

INSANITY. ACTIVE— Rest Harrow . . . 321 St. John's Wort . . . 287

MELANCHOLY— Borage . . . 61, 595 Chervil . . . 101 Elecampane . . . 173 Fool's Parsley (imbecility) . . . 413 Hop . . . 264 Horehound, Black . . . 269 Lavender . . . 299 Maidenhair Fern (idiocy) . . . 188 Mercury, Dog's . . . 332 Pimpernel . . . 429 Polypody Fern . . . 189 Radish (with cough) . . . 457 Rose, Christmas (Hellebore) . . . 107 Saffron . . . 486 Saint John's Wort . . . 287 Succory (bilious) . . . 541 Tar water . . . 583 Thistle, Melancholy . . . 560 Thistle, Milk . . . 556 Tutsan . . . 290 Wormwood (bilious) . . . 612

INVISIBILITY, Supposed to Confer. Fern Seed . . . 184

ITCHING, and the Itch. Anise . . . 26 Cat Thyme (fundament) . . . 565 Dock, Yellow Curled . . . 163 Henbane (of fundament) . . . 249 Lemon juice (of genitals) . . . 303 Nettle (of fundament) . . . 385 Puffball . . . 368 Rock Rose . . . 470 Speedwell . . . 528

JAUNDICE, see BILIOUS INDIGESTION.

JOINTS, Affections of, see SCROFULA. Vinegar poultice . . . 240

KIDNEYS, see also URINE. ACTIVE CONGESTION— Marsh Mallow . . . 324 Turpentine . . . 577

PASSIVE CONJESTION TO REMOVE— Asparagus . . . 36 Capsicum . . . 80 Dandelion . . . 151 Gooseberry (gravel) . . . 225 Honey and Bee Sting . . . 260 Parsley . . . 409 Peach flowers (and Colic) . . . 419

LEPROSY and LEPROUS ERUPTIONS, see SKIN.

LIFE, To Prolong, see AGE.

LIVER, Disorders of, see BILIOUS INDIGESTION.

LOCK JAW. St. John's Wort . . . 289

LUMBAGO, see RHEUMATISM.

LUNGS, Diseases of, see COLDS and CONSUMPTION.

[640] MEASLES. Marigold tea . . . 327 Pea . . . 416 Saffron tea . . . 486

MELANCHOLY, see INSANITY.

MEMORY, To Strengthen. Eyebright . . . 177

MILK, BREAST. TO PROMOTE FLOW— Borage . . . 61 Caraway . . . 83 Dill . . . 157 Fennel seed . . . 179 Lettuce . . . 312 Periwinkle, lesser . . . 428 Rosemary . . . 472 Thistle, Milk . . . 557

TO STAY FLOW— Hemlock . . . 249 Sage . . . 492

MILK CRUST of Children, see SKIN.

MONTHLY FLOW OF WOMEN. TO PROMOTE— Anemone Pulsatilla . . . 21 Angelica . . . 24 Balm . . . 41 Basil . . . 96 Burnet Saxifrage . . . 430 Calamint . . . 344 Christmas Rose . . . 107 Cumin . . . 136 Dill . . . 156 Elecampane . . . 174 Fennel . . . 181 Feverfew . . . 193 Goosefoot, Stinking . . . 229 Hyssop . . . 279 Ivy gum . . . 282 Marigold . . . 328 Mugwort . . . 353 Mullein . . . 360 Nettle (urtication) . . . 384 Parsley oil . . . 408 Pennyroyal . . . 336 Ragwort . . . 459 Rosemary . . . 474 Rue . . . 477 Rush, flowering . . . 481 Savin . . . 494 Saxifrage, Burnet . . . 430 Shepherd's Purse . . . 513 Soapwort . . . 524 Tansy . . . 553 Thyme, Wild . . . 561 Valerian (with hysteria) . . . 584 Wormwood . . . 356

TO ARREST WHEN EXCESSIVE— Cinnamon bark . . . 391 Lemon juice . . . 303 Lentil . . . 305 Mistletoe . . . 348 Orange, Seville . . . 403 Periwinkle, greater . . . 427 Plantain, greater . . . 435 Saffron (with liquidity) . . . 488 Savin . . . 494 Shepherd's Purse . . . 512 Silverweed . . . 515 Yarrow . . . 618

TO EASE PAIN AT PERIODS— Peppermint (colic) . . . 339 Savin . . . 494

MOTHS, to Drive Away. Camphor . . . 338 Mugwort . . . 353 Sedum Livelong . . . 276 Southernwood . . . 527 Woodruff . . . 610 Wormwood . . . 613

MOUTH, SORE, see THRUSH.

MUSHROOMS. Not to take Alcohol with . . . 375 To eat Pears after . . . 373, 423

[641] NERVES, to Strengthen. Citron of Law . . . 304 Hedge Hyssop . . . 279 Oat . . . 397 Saffron . . . 488 Skullcap, greater . . . 517 Valerian . . . 585 Violet, sweet . . . 503

TO STIMULATE REFLEX NERVOUS ACTIVITY— Cumin . . . 137

TO QUIET REFLEX NERVOUS IRRITABILITY— Camphor . . . 338 Chamomile . . . 85 Clove . . . 395 Lime flowers . . . 318 Valerian . . . 347

NETTLE RASH, see SKIN.

NEURALGIA, to Relieve. Allspice plaster . . . 397 Arum . . . 35 Buttercup (stitch) . . . 73 Celandine, greater (face right side) . . . 93 Chamomile (face and teeth) . . . 85 Coltsfoot (back and loins) . . . 120 Cuckoopint . . . 35 Feverfew . . . 194 Henbane poultice . . . 253 Horse Radish (face) . . . 271 Juniper berries . . . 292 Lemon, cut . . . 303 Pyrethrum (head and face) . . . 425 Pennyroyal . . . 336 Peppermint oil . . . 339 Sloe tincture (right eyeball) . . . 519 Wallflower oil (limbs) . . . 597 Yarn (tic douloureux) . . . 204

NIPPLES, Chapped, or Sore. Carrot . . . 89 Comfrey . . . 121 Yarrow . . . 618

NOSE, Ulceration inside. Elecampane . . . 174

PAIN, Local, for. Buttercup (stitch) . . . 73 Chamomile fomentation . . . 86 Elecampane (in elbow) . . . 175 Hemlock, apply . . . 249 Henbane poultice . . . 253 Lavender . . . 291 Marsh Mallow . . . 324 Mistletoe (stitch) . . . 347 Mugwort . . . 355 Peach (colic from gravel) . . . 419 Poppy, White, fomentation . . . 439 Stitch Wort . . . 535 Wormwood . . . 355

PALPITATION, see HEART.

PARALYSIS. Burnet Saxifrage (of tongue) . . . 430 Cowslip . . . 124 Daffodil (limbs) 141 Horse Radish, scraped . . . 271 Hungary water . . . 472 Lavender oil . . . 296 Mustard liniment . . . 378 Nettle, Stinging . . . 384 Nutmeg spirit (of limbs) . . . 394 Pellitory of Spain (tongue and lips) . . . 425 Primrose . . . 448 Rosemary spirit (limbs) . . . 471 Sage . . . 491 Tomato (of back) . . . 571 Valerian oil . . . 585 Wallflower oil . . . 597 Water Dropwort (voice) . . . 604

PERSPIRATION, to Promote. Camphor . . . 338 Ivy . . . 282 Strawberry . . . 539 Turpentine . . . 577

[642] PILES. Blackberry . . . 55 Brook lime . . . 431 Celandine, lesser . . . 91 Chestnut, Horse . . . 102 Elderberry . . . 169 Figwort . . . 51 Mountain Ash (lower bowel relaxed) . . . 351 Mullein . . . 362 Oak Bark (prolapse of bowel) . . . 18 Onion, raw (inflamed) . . . 214 Periwinkle, lesser . . . 428 Pimpernel, blue (descent of bowel) . . . 431 Plantain, Greater . . . 435 Silverweed . . . 515 Toadflax . . . 567 Water Betony . . . 50 Water Pepper (sore fundament) . . . 606 Yarrow . . . 618

PLEURITIC PAIN IN SIDE. Bryony, White (with inflammation) . . . 66 Buttercup (neuralgic) . . . 72 Stitchwort . . . 535

POLYPUS of Nose. Polypody Fern . . . 190 Sage, Wood . . . 498

POULTICES. Carrot . . . 89 Flax-linseed . . . 203 Goosefoot . . . 229 Hemlock . . . 250 Marsh Mallow . . . 328 Mustard . . . 377 Turnip . . . 574 Vinegar . . . 240 Water Pepper . . . 606 Yeast (oat) . . . 398

PREGNANCY, and see WOMB. Gooseberry, green (longings to abate) . . . 226 Quince (wise children to procreate) . . . 454 Turnip (injurious during) . . . 575

PSORIASIS, see SKIN.

QUINSY, see also SORE THROAT. Currant, black . . . 139 Prunella . . . 509 Strawberry leaves . . . 537 Woodruff Squinancy . . . 609 Woodsorrel . . . 612 Wormwood . . . 613

RHEUMATISM and LUMBAGO. Allspice Plaster . . . 397 Bee sting . . . 261 Bryony, White 66 Calamint (lumbago) . . . 344 Chickweed (bilious) . . . 106 Fern Royal (lumbago) . . . 87 Meadow Saffron (Colchicum) . . . 483 Nutmeg spirit . . . 394 Yarn, hank of . . . 204

CHRONIC RHEUMATISM— Angelica . . . 24 Asparagus . . . 36 Bladderwrack, embrocation . . . 505 Bryony, White . . . 66 Buttercup . . . 72 Capsicum . . . 80 Celery . . . 95 Centaury (muscular) . . . 97 Cress, Garden . . . 129 Garlic . . . 217 Henbane liniment . . . 224 Hop . . . 265 Horse Radish . . . 271 Hyssop . . . 278 Ivy berries . . . 282 Juniper berries . . . 292 Lily of the Valley . . . 315 Marjoram . . . 332 Mugwort (moxa) . . . 354 [643] Mustard . . . 376-8 Nettle, Stinging . . . 383 Nutmeg spirit . . . 394 Pellitory (head and face) . . . 425 Peppermint . . . 340 Pimpernel . . . 430 Pine . . . 580 Polypody Fern . . . 189 Potato, raw . . . 444 Primrose . . . 448 Rue (periosteal) . . . 478 Savin (of womb) . . . 494 Sea Tang . . . 503 Spruce beer . . . 580 Tansy . . . 553 Turpentine liniment . . . 578 Violet, sweet (wrists) . . . 593 Wallflower . . . 597 Yarrow . . . 617