INDEX.

A Abele. (Populus alba, L.) 39, 40 Abies balsamea, Mill. Fir balsam 20-22 Abietacæ. (Pinoideæ) 1-22 Larix 1-4 Pinus 4-12 Picea 12-18 Tsuga 19, 20 Abies 20-22 Acacia, (Robinia Pseudacacia, L.) 131, 132 (Robinia viscosa, Vent.) 132 Three-thorned. (Gleditsia triacanthos, L.) 129, 130 Aceraceæ. (Maple family). 140-153 Acer barbatum, Michx. Rock, Sugar, Hard maple, Sugar tree 144-146 barbatum, var. nigrum, Sarg. Black maple 146, 147 dasycarpum, Ehrh. Silver, Soft, White, River maple 142-144 Negundo, L. Box elder, Ash-leaved maple 151-153 nigrum, Michx. Black maple 146, 147 Pennsylvanicum, L. Striped maple, Moosewood, Whistlewood 149-151 platanoides Norway maple 146 rubrum, L. Red, Swamp, Soft, White maple 140-142 saccharinum, L. Silver, Soft, White, River maple 142-144 saccharinum, Wang. Rocky Sugar, Hard maple, Sugar tree 144-146 saccharinum, var. nigrum, T. and G. Black maple 146, 147 Saccharum, Marsh. Rock, Sugar, Hard maple, Sugar tree 144-146 Saccharum, Marsh., var. barbatum, Trelease 172 Saccharum, Marsh., var. nigrum, Britton. Black maple 146, 147, 172 spicatum, Lam. Mountain maple 148, 149 Negundo aceroides, Moench. Box elder, Ash-leaved maple 151-153 Negundo, Karst, Box elder, Ash-leaved maple 151-153 Ailanthus family. (Simarubaceæ) & 133 Ailanthus, Tree of Heaven, Chinese sumac (Ailanthus glanulosus, Desf.) 133 Alder, European. (Alnus glutinosa, Medic.) 70 Alnus glutinosa, Medic, European alder 70 Amelanchier Canadensis, Medic. Shadbush, June-berry, 116, 117 American elm (Ulmus Americana, L.) 95-97 holly. (Hex opaca, Alt.) 138-146 Anacardiaceæ. (Sumac family) 134-137 Rhus copallina. Dwarf sumac, 137 glabra. Smooth sumac, 137 hirta, Sudw. Staghorn sumac, 134, 135 toxicodendron. Poison ivy, 137 typhina, L. Staghorn sumac, 134, 135 venenata, DC. Dogwood, Poison sumac. Poison elder, 136, 137 vernix, L. Dogwood, Poison sumac. Poison elder, 136, 137 Apple family. (Pomaceæ) 112-121 Apple tree. (Pyrus malus, L.) 115 Aquifoliaceæ. (Holly family) 138-140 Ilex opaca, Ait. American holly 138, 140 Ash, Black, Swamp, Basket, Hoop, Brown ash. (Fraxinus nigra, Marsh.) 167-168 European mountain ash. (Pyrus aucuparia) 113, 115 Green ash. (Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, var. lanceolata, Sarg.) 166, 172 Mountain ash. (Pyrus Americana, DC.) 112, 113 Mountain ash. (Pyrus sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.) 113-115 Red, Brown, River ash. (Fraxinus pubescens. Lam.) 164, 165 White ash. (Fraxinus Americana, L.) 162-164 Ash-leaved maple. (Acer negundo, L.) 151-153 Aspen, Large-toothed. (Populusgrandidentata, Michx.) 31, 32 (Populus tremuloides, Michx.) 29, 30 B Balm of Gilead. (Populus balsamifera, L.) 36, 37 (Populus candicans, Alt.). 37-39, 171 Balsam. (Abies balsamea, Mill.) 20-22 (Populus balsamifera, L.) 36, 37 Basket ash. (Fraxinus nigra, Marsh.) 167, 168 Basswood. (Tilia Americana, L.) 153-155 Bear oak. (Quercus ilicifolia, Wang.) 93, 94 Beech family. (Fagaceæ) 70-94 Beech (Fagus ferruginea, Alt.) 70-72 Blue beech, Water beech. (Carpinus Caroliniana. Walt.) 59, 60 Betula lenta, L. Black, Cherry, Sweet birch 61, 62 lutea, Michx. L. Yellow, Gray birch 63, 64 nigra, L. Red, River birch 55, 66 papyrifera. Marsh. White, Canoe. Paper birch, 68-70 Betula papyrifera, var. minor, Tuckerman. Dwarf birch 68 populifolia, Marsh. Gray, Poplar, Oldfield, Poverty, Small white birch 66-68 Betulaceæ. (Birch family) 57-70 Alnus glutinosa, Medic. European alder 70 Betula lenta, L. Black, Cherry, Sweet birch 61, 62 lutea, Michx. f. Yellow, Gray birch 63, 64 nigra, L. Red, River birch 65, 66 papyrifera, Marsh. White, Canoe, Paper birch 68-70 var. minor, Tuckerman. Dwarf birch 68 populifolia, Marsh. Gray, Poplar, Oldfield, Poverty, Small white birch 66-68 Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt. Hornbeam, Blue beech, Ironwood,Water beech 59, 60 Ostrya Virginica, Willd. Hop hornbeam, Ironwood, Leverwood 57, 58 Birch family. (Betulaceæ) 57-70 Birch. Black, Cherry, Sweet birch. (Betula lenta, L.) 61, 62 Canoe, White, Paper birch. (Betula papyrifera, Marsh.) 68-70 Red, River birch (Betula nigra, L.) 65, 66 White, Gray, Oldfield, Poplar, Poverty, Small white birch (Betula populifolia, Marsh.) 66-68 Yellow, Gray birch. (Betula lutea, Michx. f.) 63, 64 Bird cherry (Prunus Pennsylvanica, L. f.) 124, 125 Bitternut (Carya amara, Nutt.) 55-57 Black ash (Fraxinus nigra, Marsh.) 167, 168 birch (Betula lenta, L.) 61, 62 cherry (Prunus serotina, Ehrh.) 127, 128 maple (Acer Saccharum, Marsh., var. nigrum, Britton) 146, 147, 172 oak (Quercus velutina, Lam.) 89-91 spruce (Picea nigra, Link) 12-14 walnut (Juglans nigra, L.) 48, 49 willow (Salix nigra, Marsh.) 42, 43 Blue beech (Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt.) 59, 60 Box elder (Acer negundo, L.) 151-153 white oak (Quercus stellata, Wang.) 77, 78 Boxwood (Cornus florida, L.) 156, 157 Braintree, Mass. Fine specimen of Ilex opaca on farm of Col. Minot Thayer 139 Brittle willow (Salix fragilis, L.) 43-45 Brown ash (Fraxinus nigra, Marsh.) 167, 168 (Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, Marsh.) 164, 165 Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa, Michx.) 79, 80 Butternut (Juglans cinerea, L.) 46, 47 Buttonball (Platanus occidentalis, L.) 110, 111 Buttonwood (Platanus occidentalis, L.) 110, 111 C Canada plum (Primus nigra. Ait.), 122, 123 Canoe birch (Betula papyrifera, Marsh.), 68-70 Caprifoliaceæ. (Honeysuckle family), 168, 169 Viburnum Lentas L. Sheep berry sweet viburnum. Nanny plum 168, 169 Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt. Hornbeam. Blue beech. Ironwood. Water beech 59, 60 Carya alba, Nutt. Shagbark, Shellbark hickory, Walnut. 49-51 amara, Nutt. Bitter nut. Swamp hickory, 55-57 porcina, Nutt. Pignut. White hickory, 53-55 tomentosa, Nutt. Mockernut. White-heart hickory. Walnut 51-53 Castanea dentata. Borkh. Chestnut, 72-74 sativa, var. Americana, Watson & Coulter. Chestnut, 72-74 vesca, var. Americana, Michx. Chestnut, 72-74 Cat spruce. (Picea alba, Link) 16-18 Cedar, Arbor vitæ. White cedar. (Thuja occidentals, L.) 23, 24 Red cedar. Savin. (Juniperus Virginiana. L.) 26-28 White cedar. (Chamæcyparis sphæroidea, Spach) 25, 26 Celtis occidentalis. L. Hackberry, Nettle tree, Hoop ash, Sugar berry 100-102 Chamæcyparis sphæroidea. Spach. White cedar, 25, 26 Cherry. (Primus Avium, L.) 128 Chokecherry. (Prunus Virginiana, L.) 125, 126 Rum, Black cherry. (Prunus serotina, Ehrh.) 127, 128 Wild red, Pin, Pigeon, Bird cherry Prunus Pennsylvania, L. f. 124, 125 Cherry birch. (Betula lenta, L.) 61, 62 Chestnut. (Castanea sativa, var. Americana, Watson & Coulter) 72-74 Chestnut oak. (Quercus Muhlenbergii, Engelm.) 84, 85 (Quercus prinus, L.) 82-84 Chinese sumac. (Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf.) 133 Chokecherry. (Prunus Virginiana, L.) 125, 126 Clammy locust. (Robinia viscosa, Vent.) 132 Cockspur thorn (Cratægus Crus-Galli, L.) 117, 118, 171 Conifer family, (Pinoideæ) 1-28 Cork elm. (Ulmus racemosa, Thomas) 99, 100 Cornaceæ. (Dogwood family) 150-160 Cornus alternifolia, L. f. Dogwood, Green osier 157, 158 florida, L. Flowering dogwood, Boxwood 156, 157 Nyssa sylvatica. Marsh. Tupelo, Sour gum, Pepperidge 159, 160 Cottonwood (Populus deltoides, Marsh.) 34, 35 (Populus heterophylla. L.) 33, 34 Crack willow. (Salix fragilis, L.), 43-45 Cratægus Arnoldiana, Sarg. Thorn, 121 coccinea, L. Thorn, 118, 119 coccinea, var. mollis, T. & G. Thorn, 120, 121 Crus-Galli, L. Cockspur thorn, 117, 118, 171 mollis, Scheele Thorn, 120, 121 punctata, Jacq. Cockspur thorn, 118 submollis, Sarg. Thorn, 121 subvillosa, Schr. Thorn, 120, 121 Cupressaceæ. (Pinoideæ), 23-28 Cupressus, 25, 26 Juniperus, 26-28 Thuja, 23, 24 Cupressus thyoides, L. White cedar, 25, 26 D Diospyros Virginiana, L. Persimmon, 160-162 Dogwood family. (Cornaceæ), 156-160 Dogwood (Rhus vernix, L.), 136, 137 Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida, L.), 156, 157 Green osier (Cornus alternifolia, L. f.), 157, 158 Double spruce (Picea nigra, Link), 12-14 Drupaceæ. (Plum family), 122-128 Prunus Americana, Marsh. Wild plum, 123, 124, 171 Americana, var. nigra, Waugh. Wild, Red, Horse, Canada plum, 122, 123 Avium, L. Mazard cherry, 128 nigra, Ait. Wild, Red, Horse, Canada plum, 122, 123, 171 Pennsylvanica, L. f. Wild red, Pin, Pigeon, Bird cherry, 124, 125 serotina, Ehrh. Rum, Black cherry, 127, 128 Virginiana, L. Chokecherry, 125, 126 Dwarf birch. (Betula papyrifera, var. minor, Tuckerman), 68 black spruce. (Picea nigra, var. semiprostrata), 12 sumac. (Rhus copallina), 137 E Ebenaceæ. (Ebony family), 160-162 Diospyros Virginiana, L. Persimmon, 160-162 Ebony family. (Ebenaceæ), 160-162 Elder, Poison elder. (Rhus vernix, L.), 136, 137 Elm family. (Ulmaceæ), 95-102 Elm, American elm (Ulmus Americana, L.), 95-97 Cork, Rock elm (Ulmus racemosa. Thomas), 99, 100 Slippery, Red elm (Ulmus fulva, Michx.), 97, 98 European alder (Alnus glutinosa. Medic.), 70 mountain ash (Pyrus aucuparia), 113-115 F Fagaceæ. (Beech family), 70-94 Castanea dentata, Borkh. Chestnut, 72-74 sativa, var. Americana, Watson & Coulter Chestnut, 72-74 vesca, var. Americana, Michx. Chestnut, 72-74 Fagus Americana, Sweet Beech, 70-72 atropunicea, Sudw. Beech, 70-72 ferruginea, Ait. Beech, 70-72 Quercus acuminata, Sarg. Chestnut oak, 84, 85 alba, L. White oak, 75-77 bicolor, Willd. Swamp white oak, 80-82 coccinea, Wang. Scarlet oak, 88, 89 coccinea, var. tinctoria, Gray. Black, Yellow oak, 89-91 ilicifolia, Wang. Scrub, Bear oak, 93, 94 macrocarpa, Michx. Bur, Over-cup, Mossy-cup oak, 79, 80 minor, Sarg. Post, Box white oak, 77-78 Muhlenbergii, Engelm. Chestnut oak, 84, 85 nana, Sarg. Scrub oak, Bear oak, 93, 94 obtusiloba, Michx. Post, Box white oak, 77, 78 palustris, Du Roi Pin, Swamp, Water oak, 91-93 platanoides, Sudw. Swamp white oak, 80-82 prinoides, Willd. Scrub white oak. Scrub chestnut oak, 85 prinus, L. Chestnut, Rock chestnut oak, 82-84 pumila, Sudw. Scrub, Bear oak, 93, 94 rubra, L. Red oak, 86, 87 stellata, Wang. Post, Box white oak, 77, 78 tinctoria, Bartram Black, Yellow oak, 89-91 velutina, Lam. Black, Yellow oak, 89-91 Fir (Abies balsamea, Mill.), 20-22 Fir balsam (Abies balsamea, Mill.), 20-22 Fraxinus Americana, L. White ash, 162-164 lanceolata. Borkh. Green ash, 166, 172 nigra. Marsh. Black, Swamp, Basket, Hoop, Brown ash, 167, 168 Pennsylvanica, Marsh. Red, Brown, River ash, 164, 165 Fraxinus Pennsylvania, var. lanceolata, Sarg. Green ash, 166, 172 pubescens, Lam. Red, Brown, River ash, 164, 165 sambucifolia, Lam. Black, Swamp, Basket, Hoop, Brown ash, 167, 168 viridis, Michx. f. Green ash, 166, 172 G Glaucous willow. (Salix discolor, Muhl.), 40, 41 Gleditsia triacanthos, L. Honey locust, 129, 130 Gray birch. (Betula lutea, Michx. f.), 63, 64 (Betula populifolia, Marsh.), 66-68 pine. (Pinus Banksiana, Lam.), 8, 9 Green ash. (Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, var. lanceolata, Sarg.), 166, 172 osier. (Cornus alternifolia, L. f.), 157, 158 Groome estate, Dorchester, Mass., Willow. (Salix fragilis, 1890), 44 Gum, (Liquidambar Styraciflua, L.), 108, 109 Sour gum. (Nyssa sylvatica, Marsh.), 159, 160 H Hackberry. (Celtis occidentalis, L.), 100-102 Hacmatack. (Larix Americana, Michx.), 2-4 Hamamelidaceæ. (Witch Hazel family), 108, 109 Liquidambar styraciflua, L. Sweet gum, 108, 109 Hard maple. (Acer Saccharum, Marsh.), 144-146 pine. (Pinus rigida, Mill.), 6, 7 Hemlock. (Tsuga Canadensis, Carr.), 19, 20 Hickory. Bitternut, Swamp hickory. (Carya amara, Nutt.), 55-57 Mockernut, White-heart hickory. (Carya tomentosa, Nutt.), 51-53 Pignut, White hickory. (Carya porcina, Nutt.), 53-55 Shagbark, Shellbark hickory. (Carya alba, Nutt.), 49-51 Hicoria alba, Britton. Mockernut, White-heart hickory, Walnut, 51-53 glabra, Britton. Pignut, White hickory, 53-55 minima, Britton. Butternut, Swamp hickory, 55-57 ovata, Britton. Shagbark, Shellbark hickory, Walnut, 49-51 Holly family. (Aquifoliaceæ), 138-140 Holly, American holly. (Ilex opaca, Ait.), 138-140 Honey locust. (Gleditsia triacanthos, L.), 129, 130 Honeysuckle family. (Caprifoliaceæ), 168, 169 Hoop ash. (Celtis occidentals, L.), 100-102 (Fraxinus nigra, Marsh.), 167, 168 Hop hornbeam. (Ostrya Virginica, Willd.), 57, 58 Hornbeam. (Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt.), 59, 60 Horse plum. (Prunus nigra, Ait.), 122, 123 I Ilex opaca, Ait. American holly, 138-140 Ironwood. (Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt.), 59, 60 (Ostrya Virginica, Willd.), 57, 58 Ivy, Poison ivy. (Rhus toxicodendron), 137 J Jack pine. (Pinus Banksiana, Lamb), 8, 9 Juglandaceæ. (Walnut family), 47-57 Carya alba, Nutt. Shagbark, Shellbark hickory, Walnut, 49-51 amara, Nutt. Bitternut, Swamp hickory, 55-57 porcina, Nutt. Pignut, White hickory, 53-55 tomentosa, Nutt. Mockernut, White-heart hickory. Walnut, 51-53 Hicoria alba, Britton Mockernut, White-heart hickory. Walnut, 51-53 glabra, Britton. Pignut, White hickory, 53-55 minima, Britton. Bitternut, Swamp hickory, 55-57 ovata, Britton. Shagbark, Shellbark hickory, Walnut, 49-51 Juglans cinerea, L. Butternut, Oilnut, Lemon walnut, 46, 47 nigra, L. Black walnut, 48, 49 June-berry. (Amelanchier Canadensis, Medic.), 116, 117 Juniper. (Larix Americana, Michx.) 2-4 Juniperus Virginiana, L. Red cedar, Savin, 26-28 L Labrador spruce. (Picea alba, Link) 16-18 Laconia, N.H., Pussy willow, 35 ft. high. (Salix discolor, Muhl.) 41 Larch. (Larix Americana, Michx.) 2-4 Large-toothed aspen . . (Populus grandidenta, Michx.) 31, 32 Larix Americana, Michx. Tamarack, Hacmatack, Larch, Juniper, 2-4 laricina, Koch. Tamarack, Hacmatack, Larch, Juniper, 2-4 Lauraceæ. (Laurel family), 106-108 Sassafras officinale. Nees. Sassafras, 106-108 Sassafras, Karst. Sassafras, 106-108 Laurel family. (Lauraceæ), 106-108 Leguminosæ. (Pulse family), 129-132 Gleditsia triacanthos, L. Honey locust, Three-thorned acacia, 129, 130 Robinia pseudacacia. L. Locust, 131, 132 viscosa, Vent. Clammy locust, 132 Lemon walnut (Juglans cinerea, L.), 46, 47 Leverwood (Ostrya Virginica, Willd.), 57, 58 Lime. (Tilia Americana, L.), 153-155 Linden family. (Tiliaceæ), 153-155 Linden. (Tilia Americana, L.), 153-155 Liquidambar Styraciflua, L. Sweet gum, 108, 109 Liriodendron Tulipifera, L. Tulip tree, Whitewood, Poplar, 104-106 Locust. (Robinia pseudacacia, L.) 131, 132 Clammy locust (Robinia viscosa, Vent.) 132 Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos, L.) 129, 130 M Magnolia family. (Magnoliaceæ), 104-106 Magnoliaceæ. (Magnolia family), 104-106 Liriodendron Tulipifera, L. Tulip tree, Whitewood, Poplar, 104-106 Malus Malus, Britton. Apple tree, 115 Maple family. (Aceraceæ) 140-153 Maple, Black maple (Acer Saccharum, Marsh., var. nigrum, Britton) 127, 146, 172 Box elder, Ash-leaved maple. (Acer negundo, L.), 151-153 Mountain maple (Acer spicatum, Lam.), 148, 149 Norway maple (cultivated) (Acer platanoides), 146 Red, Swamp, Soft, White maple. (Acer rubrum, L.), 140-142 Rock, Sugar, Hard maple, Sugar tree. (Acer Saccharum, Marsh.), 144-146, 172 Silver, Soft, White maple, River (Acer saccharinum, L.), 142-144 Striped maple, Moosewood, Whistlewood. (Acer Pennsylvanicum, L.), 149-151 Mazard cherry. (Prunus Avium, L.), 128 Mockernut. (Carya tomentosa, Nutt.), 51-53 Moosewood. (Acer Pennsylvanicum, L.), 149-151 Moraceæ. (Mulberry family), 102-104 Morus alba, L. White mulberry, 104 rubra, L. Red mulberry, 102, 103 Mossy-cup oak (Quercus macrocarpa, Michx.), 79, 80 Mountain ash (Pyrus Americana, DC.), 112, 113 (Pyrus sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.), 113-115 Mountain ash, European. (Pyrus aucuparia) 113, 115 maple (Acer spicatum, Lam.) 148, 149 Mulberry family. (Moraceæ) 102-104 Mulberry, Red mulberry. (Morus rubra. L.) 102, 103 White mulberry. (Morus alba, L.) 104 N Nanny plum (Viburnum Lentago, L.)., 168, 169 Negundo aceroides, Moench. Box elder, Ash-leaved maple, 151-153 Negundo, Karst., 151-153 Nettle tree (Celtis occidentalis, L.), 100-102 Norway maple. (Acer platanoides), 146 pine (Pinus resinosa, Ait.), 10, 11 Nyssa sylvatica, Marsh. Tupelo, Sour gum, Pepperidge, 159, 160 O Oak, Black, Yellow oak (Quercus velutina, Lam.), 89-91 Bur, Over-cup, Mossy-cup oak (Quercus macrocarpa, Michx.), 79, 80 Chestnut oak (Quercus Muhlenbergii), 84, 85 Chestnut, Rock chestnut oak (Quercus prinus, L.), 82-84 Pin, Swamp, Water oak (Quercus palustris, Du Roi), 91-8 Post, Box white oak (Quercus stellata, Wang.), 77, 78 Red oak (Quercus rubra, L.), 86, 87 Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea, Wang.), 88, 89 Scrub, Bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia, Wang.), 93, 94 Scrub chestnut, Scrub white oak (Quercus prinoides. Willd.), 85 Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor, Willd.), 80-82 White oak (Quercus alba, L.), 75-77 Oilnut (Juglans cinerea, L.), 46, 47 Oldfield birch (Betula populifolia, Marsh.), 66-68 Oleaceæ (Olive family), 162-168 Fraxinus Americana, L. White ash, 162-164 lanceolata, Borkh. Green ash, 166, 172 nigra, Marsh. Black, Swamp, Basket, Hoop, Brown ash, 167, 168 Pennsylvania, Marsh. Red, Brown, River ash, 164, 165 Pennsylvania, var. lanceolata, Sarg. Green ash, 166, 172 pubescens, Lam. Red, Brown, River ash, 164, 165 sambucifolia, Lam. Black, Swamp, Basket, Hoop, Brown ash, 167, 168 viridis, Michx. f. Green ash, 166 Olive family. (Oleaceæ), 162-168 Osier (Cornus alternifolia, L. f.), 157, 158 Ostrya Virginica, Willd. Hop hornbeam, Ironwood, Leverwood, 57, 58 Over-cup oak. (Quercus macrocarpa, Michx.), 79, 80 P Paper birch (Betula papyrifera, Marsh.), 68-70 Pear tree (Pyrus communis, L.), 115 Pepperidge (Nyssa sylvatica, Marsh.), 159, 160 Persimmon (Diospyros Virginiana, L.), 160-162 Picea alba, Link White spruce, 16-18 Canadensis, B. S. P. White spruce, 16-18 nigra, Link. Black spruce, 12-14 nigra, var. semiprostrata Dwarf black spruce, 12 rubra, Link Red spruce, 15, 16 Pigeon cherry (Primus Pennsylvanica, L. f.), 124, 125 Pignut (Carya porcina, Nutt.), 53-55 Pin cherry (Prunus Pennsylvanica, L. f.), 124, 125 oak (Quercus palustris, Du Roi), 91-93 Pine family: Conifers. (Pinoideæ), 1-28 Pine. Jack, Gray, Scrub, Spruce pine (Pinus Banksiana, Lamb), 8, 9 Pitch, Hard pine (Pinus rigida, Mill.), 6, 7 Red, Norway pine (Pinus resinosa, Ait.), 10, 11 Scotch pine (dit incorrectly Scotch fir) (Pinus sylvestris, L.), 11, 12 White pine (Pinus Strobus, L.), 4-6 Pinoideæ (Pine family: Conifers), 1-28 Abietaceæ, 1-22 Abies balsamea, Mill. Fir balsam, Balsam, Fir, 20-22 Larix Americana, Michx. Tamarack, Hacmatack, Larch, Juniper, 2-4 laricina, Koch. Tamarack, Hacmatack, Larch, Juniper, 2-4 Picea alba, Link White, Cat, Skunk, Labrador spruce, 16-18 Canadensis, B.S.P. White, Cat, Skunk, Labrador spruce, 16-18 nigra, Link. Black, Double, Swamp, Water spruce, 12-14 rubra, Link. Red spruce, 15, 16 semiprostrata Dwarf black spruce, 12 Pinus Banksiana, Lamb. Jack, Gray, Scrub, Spruce pine, 8, 9 resinosa, Ait. Red, Norway pine, 10, 11 rigida, Mill. Pitch, Hard pine, 6, 7 Strobus, L. White pine, 4-6 sylvestris, L. Scotch pine, 11, 12 Tsuga Canadensis, Carr. Hemlock........ 19, 20 Cupressaceæ, 2, 23-28 Chamæcyparis sphæroidea, Spach. White cedar, Cedar, 25, 26 thyoides, L. White cedar, Cedar, 25, 26 Juniperus Virginiana, L. Red cedar, Savin, 26-28 Thuja occidentalis, L. Arbor-vitæ, White cedar, 23, 24 Pitch pine. (Pinus rigida. Mill.), 6, 7 Plane tree family. (Platanaceæ), 110, 111 Platanaceæ. (Plane tree family), 110, 111 Platanus occidentalis, L. Buttonwood, Sycamore. Buttonball, Plane tree, 110, 111 Plum family. (Drupaceæ), 122-128 Plum, Wild plum. (Prunus Americana, Marsh.), 123, 124, 171 Wild, Red, Horse, Canada plum. (Prunus nigra, Ait.), 122, 123, 171 Poison elder (Rhus vernix. L.), 136, 137 ivy (Rhus toxicodendron), 137 sumac (Rhus vernix, L.), 136, 137 Pomaceæ. (Apple family), 112-121 Amelanchier Canadensis, Medic. Shadbush, June-berry, 116, 117 Cratægus Arnoldiana, Sarg., Thorn, 121 coccinea, L,. Thorn 118, 119 coccinea, var. mollis, T. & G. " 120, 121 Crus-Galli, L. Cockspur thorn, 117, 118, 171 mollis, Scheele Thorn, 120, 121 punctata, Jacq.....Cockspur thorn, 118 submollis, Sarg. Thorn, 121 subvillosa, Schr. Thorn 120, 121 Malus malus, Britton Apple tree, 115 Pyrus Americana, DC. Mountain ash, 112, 113 aucuparia European mountain ash, 113, 115 communis, L. Pear tree, 115 malus, L. Apple tree, 115 sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht. Mountain ash, 113-115 Sorbus Americana, Marsh. Mountain ash, 112, 113 sambucifolia, Rœm. Mountain ash, 113, 115 Poplar, Tulip tree, White wood. (Liriodendron Tulipifera, L.), 104-106 Aspen. (Populus tremuloides, Michx.), 29, 30 Balsam, Balm of Gilead. (Populus balsamifera. L.), 36, 37 Cottonwood. (Populus deltoides, Marsh.), 34, 35 Poplar, Large-toothed aspen. (Populus grandidentata, Michx.), 31, 32 Swamp poplar, Cottonwood, Poplar. (Populus heterophylla, L.), 33, 34 White, Silver-leaved poplar. (Populus alba, L.), 39, 40 Poplar birch. (Betula populifolia, Marsh.), 66-68 Populus alba, L. Abele, White, Silver-leaved poplar, 39, 40 balsamifera, L. Balsam, 3, 36, 37 balsamifera, var. candicans, Gray. Balm of Gilead 37-39, 171 balsamifera, var. intermedia Balsam, Poplar, Balm of Gilead, 36 Populus balsamifera, var. latifolia Balsam, Poplar, Balm of Gilead, 36 candicans, Ait., Balm of Gilead, 37-39, 171 deltoides, Marsh. Cottonwood, Poplar, 34, 35 grandidentata, Michx. Poplar, Large-toothed aspen, 31, 32 heterophylla, L. Swamp poplar, Poplar, Cottonwood, 33, 34 monilifera, Ait. Cottonwood, 34, 35 tremuloides, Michx. Aspen, Poplar, 29, 30 Post oak (Quercus stellata, Wang.), 77, 78 Poverty birch (Betula populifolia, Marsh.), 66-68 Prunus Americana, Marsh. Wild plum, 123, 124, 171 var. nigra, Waugh Wild, Red, Horse, Canada plum, 122, 123, 171 Avium, L. Mazard cherry, 128 nigra, Ait. Wild plum, 122, 123, 171 Pennsylvanica, L. f. Wild red, Pin, Pigeon, Bird cherry, 124, 125 serotina, Ehrh. Rum, Black cherry, 127, 128 Virginiana, L. Chokecherry, 125, 126 Pulse family. (Leguminosæ), 129-132 Pussy willow (Salix discolor, Muhl.), 40, 41, 171 Pyrus Americana, DC. Mountain ash, 112, 113 aucuparia European mountain ash, 113, 115 communis, L. Pear tree, 115 malus, L. Apple tree, 115 sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht. Mountain ash, 113-115 Q Quercus acuminata, Sarg. Chestnut oak, 84, 85 alba, L. White oak, 75-77 bicolor, Willd. Swamp white oak, 80-82 coccinea, Wang. Scarlet oak, 88, 89 coccinea, var. tinctoria, Gray. Black oak, 89-91 ilicifolia, Wang. Scrub, Bear oak, 93, 94 macrocarpa, Michx. Bur, Over-cup, Mossy-cup oak, 79, 80 minor, Sarg. Post, Box white oak, 77, 78 Muhlenbergii, Engelm. Chestnut oak, 84, 85 nana, Sarg. ....Scrub, Bear oak, 93, 94 obtusiloba, Michx. Post, Box white oak, 77, 78 palustris, Du Roi. Pin, Swamp, Water oak, 91-93 platanoides, Sudw. Swamp white oak, 80-82 prinoides, Willd. Scrub white, Scrub chestnut oak, 85 prinus, L. Chestnut, Rock chestnut oak, 82-84 pumila, Sudw. Scrub, Bear oak, 93, 94 Quercus rubra, L. Red oak, 86, 87 stellata, Wang. Post, Box white oak, 77, 78 tinctoria, Bartram. Black, Yellow oak, 89-91 velutina, Lam. Black, Yellow oak, 89-91 R Red ash (Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, Marsh.), 164, 165 birch (Betula nigra, L.), 65, 66 cedar (Juniperus Virginiana, L.), 26-28 elm (Ulmus fulva, Michx.), 97, 98 maple (Acer rubrum, L.), 140-142 mulberry (Morus rubra, L.), 102, 103 oak (Quercus rubra, L.) 86, 87 pine (Pinus resinosa, Ait.), 10, 11 plum (Prunus nigra, Ait.), 22, 123 spruce (Picea rubra, Link), 15, 16 Rhus copallina Dwarf sumac, 137 glabra Smooth sumac, 137 hirta, Sudw. Staghorn sumac, 134, 135 toxicodendron Poison ivy, 137 typhina, L. Staghorn sumac, 134, 135 venenata, DC. Dogwood, Poison sumac, 136, 137 vernix, L. Dogwood, Poison sumac, 136, 137 River ash (Fraxinus Pennsylvanica, Marsh.), 164, 165 birch (Betula nigra, L.), 65, 66 maple (Acer saccharinum, L.), 142-144 Robinia pseudacacia, L. Locust, 131, 132 viscosa, Vent. Clammy locust, 132 Rock chestnut oak (Quercus prinus, L.), 82-84 elm (Ulmus racemosa, Thomas), 99, 100 maple (Acer Saccharum, Marsh.), 144-146, 172 Rum cherry (Primus serotina, Ehrh.), 127, 128 S Salicaceæ. (Willow family), 28-46 Populus alba, L. Abele, White, Silver-leaf poplar, 39, 40 balsamifera, L. Poplar, Balsam. Balm of Gilead, 36, 37 balsamifera, var. candicans, Gray. Balm of Gilead, 37-39, 171 balsamifera, var. intermedia Poplar, Balsam, 36 balsamifera, var. latifolia Poplar, Balsam, 36 candicans, Ait. Balm of Gilead, 37-39, 171 deltoides, Marsh. Cottonwood, Poplar, 34, 35 Populus grandidentata, Michx. Poplar, Large-toothed aspen, 31, 32 heterophylla, L. Poplar, Swamp poplar, Cottonwood, 33, 34 monilifera, Ait. Cottonwood poplar, 34, 35 tremuloides, Michx. Poplar, Aspen, 29, 30 Salix alba, L. White willow, 43, 45, 46 var. cærulea, Koch White willow, 45 var. vitellina, Koch White willow, 4 balsamifera, Barrett, 171 discolor, Muhl. Pussy willow, Glaucous willow, 40, 41, 171 falcata, PurshBlack willow, 42 fragilis, L. Crack willow, Brittle willow, 43-45 nigra, Marsh. Black willow, 42, 43 Sassafras officinale, Nees Sassafras, 106-108 Sassafras, Karst. Sassafras, 106-108 Savin (Juniperus Virginiana, L.), 26-28 Scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea, Wang.), 88, 89 Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.), 11, 12 Scrub chestnut oak (Quercus prinoides, Willd.), 85 oak (Quercus ilicifolia, Wang.), 93, 94 pine (Pinus Banksiana, Lamb), 8, 9 white oak (Quercus prinoides, Willd.), 85 Shadbush (Amelanchier Canadensis, Medic.), 116, 117 Shagbark (Carya alba, Nutt.), 49-51 Sheep berry (Viburnum Lentago, L.), 168, 169 Silver-leaf poplar (Populus alba, L.), 39, 40 maple (Acer saccharinum, L.), 142-144 Simarubaceæ. (Ailanthus family), 133 Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf. Tree of Heaven, Chinese sumac, 133 Skunk spruce (Picea alba, Link), 16-18 Slippery elm (Ulmus fulva, Michx.), 97, 98 Small white birch (Betula populifolia, Marsh.), 66-68 Smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), 137 Soft maple (Acer rubrum, L.), 140-142 (Acer saccharinum, L.), 142-144 Sorbus Americana, Marsh. Mountain ash, 112, 113 sambucifolia, Rœm. Mountain ash, 113, 115 Sour gum (Nyssa sylvatica, Marsh.), 159, 160 Spruce, Black, Swamp, Double, Water. (Picea nigra, Link), 12-14 Red spruce (Picea rubra, Link), 15, 16 White, Cat, Skunk, Labrador. (Picea alba, Link), 16-18 Spruce pine (Pinus Banksiana, Lamb), 8, 9 Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina, L.), 134, 135 Striped maple (Acer Pennsylvanicum, L.), 149-151 Sugar berry (Celtis occidentalis, L.), 100-102 Sugar maple (Acer Saccharum, Marsh.), 144-146 tree (Acer Saccharum, Marsh.), 144-146 Sumac family. (Anacardiaceæ), 134-137 Sumac, Ailanthus, Tree of Heaven, Chinese sumac (Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf.), 133 Dogwood, poison sumac. (Rhus vernix, L.), 136, 137 Dwarf sumac (Rhus copallina), 137 Smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), 137 Staghorn sumac (Rhus tyhina, L.), 134, 135 Swamp ash (Fraxinus nigra, Marsh.). . 167, 168 hickory (Carya amara, Nutt.), 55-57 maple (Acer rubrum, L.), 140-142 oak (Quercus palustris, Du Roi), 91-93 poplar (Populus heterophylla, L.), 33, 34 spruce (Picea nigra, Link), 12-14 white oak (Quercus bicolor, Willd.), 80-82 Sweet birch (Betula lenta, L.), 61, 62 gum (Liquidambar Styraciflua, L.), 108, 109 viburnum (Viburnum Lentago, L.), 168, 169 Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis, L.), 110, 111 T Tamarack. (Larix Americana, Michx.), 2-4 Thayer, Col. Minot estate, Braintree, Mass., Ilex opaca, fine specimen, 139 Thorn. Cockspur (Cratægus Crus-Galli, L.), 117, 118, 171 (Cratægus coccinea, L.), 118, 119 (Cratægus mollis, Scheele), 120, 121 Three-thorned acacia (Gleditsia tricanthus, L.), 129, 130 Thuja occidentalis, L. Arbor-vitæ, White cedar, Cedar, 23, 24 Tiliaceæ. (Linden family), 153-155 Tilia Americana, L. Basswood, Linden, Lime, Whitewood, 153-155 Europæa Basswood, Linden, Lime, Whitewood, 155 heterophylla, Vent. Basswood, Linden, Lime, Whitewood, 155 puebescens, Ait. Basswood, Linden, Lime, Whitewood, 155 Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf.), 183 Tsuga Canadensis, Carr. Hemlock, 19, 20 Tulip tree (Liriodendron Tulipifera, L.), 104-106 Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica, Marsh.), 159, 160 U Ulmaceæ. (Elm family) 95-102 Celtis occidentalis, L. Hackberry, Nettle tree, Hoop ash, Sugar berry 100-102 Ulmus Americana, L. American, White elm 95-97 fulva, Michx. Slippery, Red elm 97, 98 puebescens, Walt. Slippery, Red elm 97, 98 racemosa, Thomas. Cork, Rock elm 99, 100 V Viburnum Lentago, L. Sheep berry 168, 169 W Walnut family. (Juglandaceæ) 47-57 Walnut, Black walnut (Juglans nigra, L.) 48, 49 Butternut, Oilnut, Lemon walnut. (Juglans cinerea, L.) 46, 47 Mockernut, White-heart hickory. (Carya tomentosa, Nutt.) 51-53 Walnut, Shagbark, Shellbark hickory. (Carya alba, Nutt.) 49-51 Water beech (Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt.) 59, 60 oak (Quercus palustris, Du Roi) 91-93 spruce (Picea nigra, Link) 12-14 Watson, Thomas, Braintree, Mass., Ilex opaca, on estate of 139 Whistlewood (Acer Pennsylvanicum, L.) 149-151 White ash (Fraxinus Americana, L.) 162-164 birch (Betula papyrifera, Marsh.) 68-70 (Betula populifolia, Marsh.) 66-68 cedar (Cupressus thyoides, L.) 25, 26 (Thuja occidentalis, L.) 23, 24 elm (Ulmus Americana, L.) 95-97 hickory (Carya porcina, Nutt.) 53-55 maple (Acer rubrum, L.) 140-142 (Acer saccharinum, L.) 142-144 mulberry (Morus alba, L.) 104 oak (Quercus alba, L.) 75-77 pine (Pinus Strobus, L.) 4-6 poplar (Populus alba, L.) 39, 40 spruce (Picea alba, Link) 16-18 willow (Salix alba) 43, 45, 46 White-heart hickory (Carya tomentosa, Nutt) 51-53 Whitewood (Liriodendron Tulipifera, L.) 104-106 Whitewood (Tilia Americana, L.), 153-155 Wild plum (Prunus Americana, Marsh.), 171 (Prunus nigra, Ait.), 122, 123, 171 red cherry (Prunus Pennsylvanica, L. f.), 124, 125 Willow family. (Salicaceæ), 28-46 Willow, Black willow (Salix nigra, Marsh.), 42, 43 Crack, Brittle willow. (Salix fragilis, L.), 43-45 Pussy willow, Glaucous willow (Salix discolor, Muhl.), 40, 41, 171 White willow. (Salix alba, L., var. vitellina, Koch), 45, 46 Witch hazel family. (Hamamelidaceæ), 108, 109 Y Yellow birch. (Betula lutea, Michx. f.), 63, 64 oak. (Quercus velutina, Lam.), 89-91