ANALYTICAL INDEX.
Reading edition
INTRODUCTION.
PAGE
Rise and progress of railroads 1
Influence of railroads 3
Safety of railroad travelling 5
Preliminary operations 5
Mechanical principles of locomotion 6
Determination of character of road 7
Gauge 8
General establishment of route 10
CHAPTER I.
RECONNOISSANCE.
General topography 12
Barometrical levelling 18
CHAPTER II.
SURVEY.
Topographical sketching 24
General establishment of grades 32
Equating for grades 34
Comparison of surveyed lines 39
viiiCHAPTER III.
LOCATION.
Alignment 41
Final adjustment of grades 46
Comparison of located lines 47
CHAPTER IV.
PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS.
Specification 55
Contract 81
Solicit 84
Bid 85
Comparison of bids 87
CHAPTER V.
LAYING OUT WORK.
Slopes 89
Culverts 90
Masonry 91
Tunnels 95
CHAPTER VI.
EARTHWORK.
Form of railroad sections 97
Excavation and embankment 104
Transport of material 106
Average haul 106
Drainage 109
Method of conducting construction operations 111
ixCHAPTER VII.
ROCKWORK.
Rock excavation 115
Blasting and quarrying 115–117
Tunnelling 118
CHAPTER VIII.
WOODEN BRIDGING.
Of the forces at work in bridges 122
Extension 123
Compression 123
Cross strain 124
Detrusion 126
Strength of materials 126
Rules for practice 131
Of the truss 139
Of the arch 169
Of the road-way 174
Lateral bracing 175
Pile bridging 178
Trestling 180
Draw bridges 181
Centres 182
CHAPTER IX.
IRON BRIDGES.
Nature and strength of iron 192
Classification of iron bridges 194
Iron truss frames 195
Suspension bridges 203
Boiler plate bridges 223
xCHAPTER X.
STONE BRIDGING.
Of the water-way 233
Form of the arch 236
Thickness of voussoirs 238
Form and thickness of abutments 239
Form and dimensions of piers 245
CHAPTER XI.
MASONRY.
Stone 248
Cements, mortars, and concretes 249
Construction of arches, wings, and parapet 253
Culverts and drains 255
Retaining walls 256
CHAPTER XII.
FOUNDATIONS.
Pile driving, common system 262
Mitchell’s screw pile 266
Potts’s atmospheric system 266
Coffer-dam 267
Caisson 269
CHAPTER XIII.
SUPERSTRUCTURE.
Timber work 273
Rail section 276
xiChairs and joints 282
Frogs 290
Switches 294
Sidings and crossings 298
Elevation of exterior rail 298
CHAPTER XIV.
EQUIPMENT.
PART I. LOCOMOTIVES.
Introduction 302
Birth and growth of the locomotive 302
The English locomotive of 1850 304
The American locomotive of 1855 305
General description 306
Mechanical and physical principles 312
Resistance to the motion of trains 312
Traction and adhesion 316
Fuel 317
Generation of steam 330
Application of steam 336
Boiler proportions and dimensions 340
Rules and tables for practice 354
Adaptation of locomotives to the movement of trains 360
Classification of engines 371
PART SECOND.
CARS.
Wheels and axles 396
Classification of cars 400
Retarding of trains 401
xiiCHAPTER XV.
STATIONS.
Classification of buildings 403
Location of buildings 403
Terminal passenger house 403
Terminal freight house 405
Engine house and appurtenances 405
Way passenger and freight house 407
Wood shed and tank 407
CHAPTER XVI.
MANAGEMENT.
Organization of employees 413
Duties of employees 415
Number of trains to be used 418
Amount of service of engines 418
Expenses, receipts, profits 420
Express trains 428
Comparative cost of working heavy and light trains 434
Branch roads 436
Reproduction of road and of stock 437
Working railroads by contract 439
Classification of freight 439
Time tables 443
Locomotive registers 444
Electric telegraph 454
New York and Erie Railroad 456
xiiiAPPENDIX.
A.—Decimal Arithmetic 459
B.—Algebraic formulæ 461
C.—Weights and measures 464
D.—Value of the Birmingham gauges 465
E.—Locomotive boilers 466
F.—Effect of grades on the cost of working 468
G.—Form for a locomotive specification 471
H.—Relative cost of transport by railroad and by stage 476
I.—Form for experimental trips with locomotives 478
K.—Proper weight for locomotives 479
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