PSEUDONYMS. (continued 2)

HOWARD (George) Esq., pseud. [Francis C. Laird, Lieut. R.N.]. Lady Jane Grey and her Times. London, 1822. Woolsey, the Cardinal and his Times. 1824.

H. S., telonism [Ralph Thomas, Serjeant-at-Law].

Going to the Bar. In Cobbett’s Magazine. 1832.

HUMPHREY (Old) pseud. [George Mogridge].

Books intended chiefly for the Young. For list see Allibone. See Parley (Peter), impostor.

I.

IGNATIUS, Brother, [calling himself] Monk of the Order of Saint Benedict, name of religious order [Joseph Leycester Lyne].

The Catholic Church of England, and what she teaches, a lecture. Manchester [printed], London, 1864. Monks and Nuns, in reply to two Lectures of Father Ignatius, O. S. B., 1864. Ignatius ... to ... Father Darby [in reply to his Lecture on Monks and Nuns]. 1864.

IGNATIUS (Father) Passionist, name of religious order [Hon. and Rev. George Spencer].

The Life of Blessed Paul of the Cross, translated by ——, London, 1860.

Life of Father Ignatius of St. Paul, Passionist [Hon. George Spencer]. By the Rev. Father Pius a Sp. Sancto, Passionist. London, Duffy, 1866.

IGNATIUS (Grandfather) ironym [ ].

Re-generation or De-generation, a Pill for the Parsons and a Spur for Spurgeon. [Lond., 1864].

IGNATIUS (John) pseud.?

Advance of the Sikh Army upon India; and other Poems. London, Derby (printed). 1847.

INDICUS, pseud. [Major Evans Bell].

The Rajah and Principality of Mysore. 1865.

IRELAND (Samuel William Henry) literary forger.

Miscellaneous Papers and Instruments under the hand and Seal of William Shakespeare, including the Tragedy of King Lear, and a small fragment of Hamlet, from the original. 1796, folio, £4. 4s.

An imposture on a grander scale was never conceived or executed; and perhaps we may add, with all respect to the learned celebrities who were deceived by it, that dupes more easily satisfied, more credulous and unsuspecting, were never met with. It must be admitted that a very opportune period was chosen for the imposition; and taking into consideration the youth of the individual by whom it was perpetrated,—that he had not at the time attained his twentieth year,—it must also be confessed that it was carried out with considerable cleverness and ingenuity.

Ireland was the son of a gentleman who is known as the author of several Picturesque Tours, and some illustrations of Hogarth—a man of considerable taste, and an ardent admirer of Shakespeare.

He had been articled to an attorney, and having daily opportunities of inspecting ancient deeds and writings, he seems to have occupied his leisure, first in deciphering, and afterwards in copying and imitating them. Possessed of this dangerous talent, his father’s reverence for the great English dramatist, and his own ambition for distinction, suggested to his mind the daring imposture by which he rendered himself remarkable. From an attentive examination of the authentic signature of Shakespeare, he soon learned to imitate the character of his handwriting with facility; and from time to time presented his father with scraps of MS., to account for the possession of which he invented a most romantic and improbable story.

For a long time Ireland made almost daily additions to his pretended discoveries. Was it possible that his father had no suspicion of their origin, and was he entirely deceived by the monstrous assertions of his clever but unprincipled son? The appearance of the MSS. went far to prove their genuineness. A number of literary gentlemen voluntarily subscribed their names to a declaration of their authenticity. It is further stated that Mr. Boswell, the biographer of Johnson, previously to signing his name, fell upon his knees, and in a tone of enthusiasm and exultation thanked God he had lived to witness the discovery, and exclaimed that he could now die in peace.

One of the ablest critics of the day, however, Mr. Malone, remained unconvinced.

Believing himself possessed of a most invaluable treasure—in spite of the protestations of his son, who dreaded and foresaw the exposure of the fraud—Mr. Samuel Ireland determined on publishing the “discoveries,” and printed a large portion of them in a fine folio volume, the title of which is given at the head of this article.

A very slight examination of this volume would, it has been thought, have shown the transparency of the fraud.

The most daring imposition, however, remains to be told. On the 2nd of April, 1796, the play of Vortigern and Rowena “from the pen of Shakespeare,” was announced for representation at Drury Lane Theatre. Public excitement was at its height. As the evening approached, every avenue to the theatre was thronged with anxious crowds, eager to obtain admission. Thousands, it is said, were turned away.

The fraud, however, was very soon discovered, and an attempt that was made to announce the play for repetition was wisely withdrawn, the unanimous voice of the public having proclaimed the imposture. This failure was a death-blow to the fraud. Gratified by the notoriety he had acquired, Ireland was induced to publish the following full and free confession in “An Authentic Account of the Shakespeare Manuscripts.”

“I solemnly declare, first, that my father was perfectly unacquainted with the whole affair, believing the papers most firmly the productions of Shakespeare. Secondly, that I am myself both the author and writer, and had no aid from any soul living, and that I should never have gone so far, but that the world praised the papers so much, and thereby flattered my vanity. Thirdly, that any publication which may appear tending to prove the MSS. genuine, or to contradict what is here stated, is false; this being the true account.

“W. H. Ireland.”

It must be confessed that circumstances seemed to warrant the suspicion that father and son were equally implicated, and even the latter’s solemn declaration to the contrary could not remove the impression that had been made on the public mind. To the time of his death, in 1835, he carried with him the significant sobriquet of Shakespeare Ireland.

The above is chiefly abridged from the article by F. Lawrence in Sharpe’s London Magazine.

In Chalcographomania, which is said to be written by Ireland, these observations are made. They almost seem to render his being its author doubtful.

To this latter the following note is added.

“It has frequently afforded me a matter of astonishment to think how this literary fraud could have so long duped the world, and involved in its deceptious vortex such personages as Parr, Wharton, and Sheridan, not omitting Jemmy Boswell, of Johnsonian renown; nor can I even refrain from smiling whensoever the volumes of Malone and Chalmers, together with the pamphlets of Boaden, Waldron, Wyatt, and Philalethes, otherwise —— Webb, Esq., chance to fall in my way.”—p. 57.

See Shakespeare (William).

ISA, prenonym [Isa Craig, afterwards Knox].

Poems. Edinb. and London, 1856.

ISABEL, pseudonym [W. Gilmore Simms].

Pelayo; or, the Cavern of Covadonga, a romance (in verse). New York, 1836.

IT MATTERS NOT WHO, phraseonym [Rev. E. Nares].

Heraldic Anomalies, or Rank and Confusion in our Orders of Precedence. By ——. London, 1823.

J.

JACIA, pseud. [John Crane].

Remarks on Coinage. London, 1859.

JAQUES, pseud. [J. Hain Friswell].

The “Censor” in the Evening Star, 1867.

J. B., Gent., initialism [ ].

The Meteor; or a Short Blaze, but a Bright one, a farce. 1809.

J. B. P., init. [Payne]. Moxon’s Miniature Poets. 1865.

J. C., initialism [James Clay, M.P.].

A treatise on Short Whist. This is bound up with the Laws of Short Whist, edited by J. L. Baldwin, 1864.

Another little work on this subject was published under these initials, but it is not by this gentleman.

J. C. B. init. [John Coxe Boyce].

Poetical Productions of my Youth. Birm., 1842.

Written at the age of 15. Privately printed.

See Martin, Cat.

J. C. G., initialism [Julia C. Grimani].

Sacred Lyrics. London, J. R. Smith, 1849.

J. C. G. (Marin de P * * *) init. [ ].

A Fortnight in Paris ... with an Historical Notice by J. C. G. Marin de P * * * Translated from a new and enlarged French edition, by J. Fisher, of Paris, with ... a map. Paris, 1863.

J. D., disguised-author [J. D. B. De Bow].

The Political Annals of South Carolina. By a Citizen (signing himself J. D). Charleston, 1845.

J. D., init. [Disturnell].

The Eastern Tourist, being a guide through the States of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine, also a Dash into Canada. New York, 1848.

J. D., init. [John Dix].

Pen-Pictures of Popular English Preachers; with Limnings of Listeners in Church and Chapel. By J. D., author of the Life of Chatterton, etc. London, Stokesby (printed). 1851.

JENKINS (Peter), see Tomkins (Isaac). 1835.

J. F. D., init. [ ].

The Outcast, or the Wonderful Dealings of Divine Grace exhibited in the history of Kate —— (edited by J. F. D.). 2nd edition. Dublin, 1856.

J. G., init. [James Glassford].

Miscellanea [Translations in English from the Latin of etc.], Edinb., 1818, 4to. Privately printed.

Notes of three Tours in Ireland in 1824-6. Bristol [1830].

Not published.

J. H. B. M., init. [Mountain].

A Sermon preached at Blunham Church ... on ... the completion of an East Window, by M. F. Sadler (with a preface by ——). London, 1864.

J. H. H. H., see Little (T.) junior, ps. [ ].

J. H. M., init. [Monk].

Memoir of Duport, Regius Professor of Greek and Dean of Peterborough (by ——, from the Museum Criticum) [Cambridge, 1825].

J. H. N., init. [Father Newman].

The Dream of Gerontius. 1865.

Dedicated to Father Gordon, of the Oratory, Brompton, by his friend J. H. N.

J. K. L., initialism [James Doyle, Roman Catholic Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin].

Letters on the state of Education in Ireland and Dublin, 1824.

These letters excited a great deal of controversy, and produced a number of anonymous pamphlets.

Observations addressed to H. Phillpotts [afterwards Bishop of Exeter]. Liverpool, 1828.

J. L. A., initialism [Anderdon].

River Dove; with some quiet Thoughts on the Happy Practice of Angling. Lond. [18—.] Privately printed also published by Pickering, 1847.

See Smith’s Cat. on Angling.

J. M., initialism [Morgan].

Elegy, Mark Luke Grayston. Woodbridge, 1830. s.sh.

J. M., Rev. D.D., F.S.A., init. [J. Milner, Bishop of Castabala].

A vindication of the End of Religious Controversy, etc. London, 1822.

J. M., init. [John Muir].

The Course of Divine Revelation, etc. Calcutta, 1846.

J. M., init. [John Martin].

An Inquiry into the Authority for Echard’s Statement in his History of England, etc. London, 1852.

J. M. and C. C., polynym [John Mill Chanter and Charlotte Chanter].

Jack Frost and other tales. London, 1858.

J. N. D., init. [John Nelson Darby].

A number of tracts, etc., on religious subjects. 1861-5.

J. O., init. (Jacob Omnium, pseud. q.v.) [M. J. Higgins].

The Story of the Mhow Court-Martial (reprinted from the Cornhill Magazine). London, 1864.

JOBSON (Frederick J.) D.D.

Whether Dr. Jobson has been guilty of plagiarism is a difficult matter to determine. So difficult, that taking into consideration his denial, we shall let our readers judge for themselves, by giving the accusation and answer from the Athenæum, with no alteration but a correction of the paging, etc.

Supposing that there is no ground for accusing Dr. Jobson of borrowing without acknowledgment, then this correspondence comes in as part of our plan. It certainly is one of the most remarkable instances of two writers expressing their ideas in similar words, though at an interval of several years.

LITERARY LARCENY. [To the Editor of the Athenæum].

Hammersmith, Feb. 14, 1863.

Some four or five years ago I published a little book of Travels called ‘Southern Lights and Shadows,’ which—thanks to kindly notices in your columns and elsewhere—was tolerably successful. The work, however, was sadly abused in the Australian colonies, and, for some reason or other which was never made apparent to me, gave sore offence to the Methodists of New South Wales. The volume has, I think, run out of print, and is probably by this time forgotten. Nevertheless, it has strangely been decreed that a leader of the body who were most offended at it shall revive and perpetuate its “obnoxious” pages.

Within the last day or two a “second edition” of a book entitled ‘Australia; with Notes by the Way,’ by Frederick J. Jobson, D.D., has come under my notice. I cannot exactly tell what led me to look into its pages, unless from a desire of seeing how a Methodist divine would deal with a subject which, under my treatment, had proved so unpleasant to the Wesleyan community of Trans-Pacifica. Imagine my surprise when I found that, from the opening to the close of Dr. Jobson’s volume, the leading paragraphs were stolen from my ‘Southern Lights and Shadows’! This is a serious charge to bring against any author, and so specially serious when brought against an author who carries D.D. at the end of his name, that I feel bound to support it with direct and unmistakeable evidence. I append, therefore, in parallel columns, a few of the passages which appeared in ‘Southern Lights and Shadows’ in 1859, and which now re-appear, with but the slightest and shallowest disguise (a disguise of so transparent a character that, like the coa vestis, it only serves to reveal what it affects to hide), in ‘Australia; with Notes by the Way,’ in 1863:

My Book [1859]. Dr. Jobson’s Book [1863].

The evenings in Australia are singularly beautiful. I have often read a newspaper by the light of the moon. The stars are very white and large, and seem to drop pendulous from the blue, like silver lamps from a dome of calaite.—P. 85. The evenings at Sydney were at times singularly beautiful. The moon was so bright and large that you could see to read by it. The stars, too, were brighter and larger than ours in appearance, and seemed to drop like pendent lamps of glittering crystal from the deep blue dome above.—P. 126.

All Dr. Jobson does here is to give us his new lamps of crystal for my old ones of silver.

My Book. Dr. Jobson’s Book.

In Sydney and its immediate neighbourhood there are no less than five hundred public-houses, many of them as great and garish as the gin-palaces of London. —P. 52. There are more than five hundred public-houses in Sydney and its immediate neighbourhood, and some of them are as ... gay and garish as our own street corner gin-palaces.—P. 157.

As Dr. Jobson was writing three years after me, he, no doubt, conceived it a safe and subtle alteration to turn the word “less” into “more;” but as the “five” was a misprint for three in my book, his caution has only made the trap into which he has put his foot clip it the closer. A similar maladroitness characterizes the reverend author’s picking and stealing throughout. The reader will see it strikingly displayed in the next example, where the sentences are so unaltered in themselves, and yet so changed in their sequence and order, that, like the boy who steals the eggs in ‘Parents and Guardians,’ Dr. Jobson evidently thinks he has only to shift position to annihilate identity.

[For brevity we here omit two long parallel passages].

In the first-quoted plagiarism Dr. Jobson gave “crystal” for “silver”—in the above he supplies “brittle pottery” for “crystal.” My “dogs” only are afflicted by the hot wind—Dr. Jobson blasts the beasts of the field and the birds of the air. My “great-coat is buttoned tightly around” me—Dr. Jobson’s “great-coat” is only thought “desirable.” But this is accounted for, as with me the thermometer “sinks fifty or sixty degrees,” while with Dr. Jobson it “sinks down” but “forty or fifty.” My “compact wall,” “Last Seal” and “Apocalypse,” however, are taken bodily. It is scarcely worth while pointing out the ludicrous errors which, in “dodging” my description about, Dr. Jobson has committed. The “brickfielder” is not the hot wind at all; it is but another name for the cold wind or “southerly-buster,” which follows the hot breeze, and which, blowing over an extensive sweep of sand-hills, called the Brickfields, semicircling Sydney, carries a thick cloud of dust (or “brickfielder”) across the city. How true is old Butler’s remark that some plagiarists accompany their robberies with murder to prevent detection!

My Book. Dr. Jobson’s book.

It (the mosquito) comes buzzing against your cheek with a drowsy sing-song whir, fixes its suckers into the flesh, and bounds off with another song—a kind of carmen triumphale—leaving a large red mark behind it, which is far more irritating than a healing blister ... They have a great relish—being epicures in their way—for the round, fat, mottled part of the hand ridging the off-side of the palm. In about two seconds one will sow it with bumps and blisters from the wrist to the little finger.... They, too, especially hate and harass the new chum. Pp. 83-4. The pungent bites of musquitoes, which in the evening, whether in public, social, or private life, come buzzing against your cheek with a peculiar whir, fixing their blood-suckers in the flesh, and then, after drawing their full potion, flying off with a flutter of triumph, leaving a blotch behind, which, until ripened to a yellow head, is far more irritating than a healing blister.... And they have evidently a high relish for the round fat part of the hand, from the wrist-bone to the little finger. If this part be exposed from under the coverlid for five minutes, it will be sown all over by them with bumps and blisters, not to be forgotten till the next night, if so soon. They, too, like the boys in the streets, have wanton pleasure in vexing “new chums.” Pp. 158-9.

One very brief illustration more, and I have finished with Dr. Jobson:—

My Book. Dr. Jobson’s Book.

The shark gleaming, green and still, just an arm’s depth below the surface.—P. 131. Sat. March 2.—Pleasant passage down the harbour, in which, gleaming, still and green, at not more than an arm’s depth from the surface, the ravenous shark might be seen.—P. 173.

This last example raises one’s gorge. I close my book with an attempt at a panorama of sea scenery, and, in the middle of a sentence, are the words quoted in the left hand column above. Dr. Jobson, after concluding his description of Sydney with these words,—“Only let the churches of Christ send an adequate number of missionaries to India, China, the multitude of the isles, and to the interior of Africa, and these heathen regions shall assuredly be evangelized: these realms of sin become the kingdom of our God and of his Christ!” (p. 174)—opens the next section of his book with my fish! If a whale once appropriated a missionary, verily here is a missionary appropriating a shark!

In closing, let me say that my only object in asking you to insert this letter is to direct other writers on the subject to Dr. Jobson’s book. If he has taken so much from me, I have no doubt he has—to use an Australian phrase—“jumped other claims” for the balance of his nuggets.

Frank Fowler.

47, City Road, March 3, 1863.

In justice alike to me and to the public who have purchased, within fourteen months nearly three editions of my volume on ‘Australia, with Notes by the Way,’ I am sure you will give me space to reply to a communication which appeared in your columns of February 21, but which I did not see till nearly the end of last week.

As to any quarrel which your Correspondent has had with my friends on the other side of the globe I know nothing at all. Up to the time when his letter was given in the Athenæum, I had not heard of his ‘Southern Lights and Shadows;’ and as he states that the book is out of print, I cannot hope to examine it [Dr. Jobson could have seen it in the British Museum], else I should be curious to learn how his “little book” on New South Wales only, could supply the “leading paragraphs” “from the opening to the close” of my post-octavo volume of nearly three hundred pages [only 112 pages relate to Australia and Tasmania], and which treats, not only of all the Australasian Colonies, but also of all the principal countries in the way to them. I might also try to ascertain whether he has broken up his own paragraphs, after the fashion of his dealing with mine [The paragraphs seem to us fairly quoted.] Every one knows how easy it is by such a process to make things look alike, which are in their own setting and original connexion sufficiently different. Not that I am about to charge this writer with intentional misrepresentation: an attempt at brevity may be a great part of the explanation.

The fact is, that in my travels I did as everybody else does: that is, I read whatever came in my way bearing on the countries through which I was passing; but I took care to note down my own observations and impressions; and if, in doing so, some terms, perfectly true to my own views, though, possibly, they had been employed by others, adhered to my memory, and found their way into my manuscript, no reader of books of travel could feel surprise. In the several colonies of Australia, as in other parts of the world (as often as I could do so), I availed myself of the judgment of intelligent friends, who had the advantage of longer residence, with a view to secure accuracy in the statement of facts, etc. In this instance, there are peculiar circumstances which, for explanation and proof, rest upon minute examination, not only of my own manuscript notes, but also of the written suggestions of others. And had the complainant communicated with me through my publisher, or otherwise, there would have been supplied to him evidence fully to account for the apparent resemblances in subjects and terms to which he has referred. He has not done so; and as I do not choose to leave the case, as it really is, to depend upon my own single assertion, I have submitted it, with all the papers in question, to gentlemen whose public character and intellectual competency are above suspicion. They all have authorized the appending of their names to the following declaration by themselves; but as it is not necessary to give all their signatures, I content myself with two: the one by a gentleman of Cornwall, well known by his numerous writings; and the other by a minister of high standing in the metropolis.

Frederick J. Jobson.

“At Dr. Jobson’s request, we have examined the manuscripts and proofs, to which reference is made above; and are fully satisfied of the correctness of his statement; and that there is no just cause, literary or otherwise, for the unfavourable reflections which have been cast upon him.

“George Smith, LL.D., F.S.A. “William W. Stamp.”

JORROCKS (John) pseud. [Surtees].

Jorrock’s Jaunts and Jollities; or, the ... exploits of that renowned Sporting Citizen, John Jorrocks. With twelve illustrations by Phiz [pseud.] R. Ackermann. 1838. royal 8vo, £1. 5s.

J. R. L., init. [Lowell]. The Poetical Works of J. Keats, with a Life (signed J. R. L.) Boston, 1854.

J. R. M., init. [MacCulloch].

Tracts ... on Metallic and Paper Currency, by S. J. Lloyd (edited by ——). 1858.

JUNE (Jennie), phrenonym [Mrs. Jennie Croly].

JUNIUS, pseudonym.

The Letters of Junius and Philo-Junius, 1769-1772.

First published in the “Public Advertiser.” They are often talked about, but seldom read, only the mystery about the author has kept up the excitement. We cannot do more than say that nearly every celebrated man of the time (and some obscure ones too) has had these letters attributed to him. The author is not authoritatively ascertained. A full account will be found in S. Austin Allibone’s Critical Dict. of English Literature, 1859, under Junius, etc. See Lowndes by Bohn.

There is also: Junius Redivivus, Junius Secundus, Philo Junius; and Junius has been constantly used as a mask since it was made celebrated, though chiefly by writers in periodical publications.

J. W., deceased, in usum Amicorum, init. [John Wilson, of Islington].

The Music of the Soul, etc., in verse. Lond., 1829.

Privately printed, see Martin.

J. W., initialism. See L * * * (Mrs.)

J. W., init. [John Wade, Barrister-at-Law].

The Cabinet Lawyer, a popular digest of the Laws of England. 22nd edit. Longman, 1866.

Semi-anonymous, the preface is signed J. W.

J. W. H. M., init. [John William Henry Molyneaux].

Private Prayers ... selected from Bishop Andrewes’ Devotions (by ——). 1866.

K.

K., initialism [John Collyer Knight].

Queried Tracts, from Kitto’s Journal of Sacred Literature. Lond., 1851.

KATE (Cousin) prenonym [Catherine D. Bell].

Set about it at once, or Cousin Kate’s Story. An Autumn at Karnford, a sequel to, etc. Edinburgh, 1847. Georgie and Lizzie, 1849. What may I learn, or Sketches of School-girls, 1849. The Douglas Family [1851]. Margaret Cecil: or, “I can because I ought,” 1851. Arnold Lee: or, Rich Children and Poor Children [1852]. Lily Gordon, the Young Housekeeper, 1853. Hope Campbell, or, know thyself [1854]. Mary Elliott, or be ye kind to one another. 2nd edit. [1856]. New Stories [1861]. My first Pennies. Boston [U. S., 1864].

KERR (Orpheus C.), phrenonym (Office Seeker). [R. H. Newell, of New York].

What the satire of “Hudibras” was to the great civil war of the time of Charles I. and Oliver Cromwell, it is pretended the “Orpheus C. Kerr Letters” have been to the recent American struggle.

Avery Glibun; or between Two Fires: a romance. New York, 1867,

Is his latest production; as the preface is not lengthy, we will give it:—“Avery Glibun being my first essay in sustained fiction, it seems remarkably prudent to say no more about it.”

KETCH (John) pseud. [ ].

The Autobiography of a notorious Legal Functionary (J. K.) with 14 illustrations from designs by Meadows. Lond., 1836.

K. H., initialism [ ].

Sketches in Prose and Poetry. Smith & Elder, 1838.

KIRKE (Edmund), pseud. [James R. Gilmore].

Life in Dixie’s Land, etc., 1863. My Southern Friends, 1863. Down in Tennessee, and back by way of Richmond. New York, 1864. Among the Guerillas, 1866. Patriot Boys. Boston, 1866.

KIRWAN, pseud. [Rev. Nicholas Murray].

Romanism at Home. 6th edition. New York, 1852. Men and Things as I saw them in Europe, 1853. The Happy Home, 1858.

KNICKERBOCKER (Diedrick) pseud. [Washington Irving].

The History of New York, numerous editions.

One of the wittiest works of this brilliant author. “The first part was sketched in company with Dr. Peter Irving.”—Allibone.

L.

L., ps. [Catherine Swanwick].

Poems. London, 1858, etc.

L., init. [James Lenox].

Shakespeare’s Plays in folio, Bibliographical Notices of the same. New York, 1861.

L—— (Lady), disguised-author [Lady Lyons].

Olivia; a tale, etc. Philip Hetherington. The Lover upon Trial. All 1847.

L * * * (Mrs.), disguised-author [Lefevre].

An extract of Letters, by ——, edited by J. W. [John Wesley]. Dublin, 1808.

Several editions before this year.

L. A. D., pseud. [Ilfracombe].

Prince Ahmed and the Fairy Pari Banon, a Drawing Room piece, 1859.

LASCELLES (Lady Caroline) pseudo-titlonym [M. E. Braddon?]

The Black Band, first published in the Halfpenny Journal.

The following, from the Athenæum, requires no explanation from us:—

THE MANUFACTURE OF NOVELS.

The literary people of New York are wrangling over a matter which, like many causes of dispute, derives importance from the ingenuity and warmth of the discussion which it provokes. Amongst other points that await judgment, the squabble has raised a question concerning an English novelist who would act prudently in publishing without delay her part in the transactions that have raised a Grub Street tempest on the other side of the Atlantic. At this present time the proprietors of the New York Sunday Mercury are publishing in their paper a novel, entitled ‘Nobody’s Daughter; or, the Ballad Singer of Wapping,’ which they announce in highly sensational advertisements as an original work from the pen of Miss Braddon, of whom they observe, with characteristic magniloquence and capitals:—“Two Worlds have indorsed Miss E. Braddon as a novelist of transcendent power,—the Old World and the New. The English reviews have carped at her works—probably because they had not soul enough to appreciate them; but the very magazines in which their petti-fogging criticisms are published have since found it to their interest to beg for stories from her pen, paying her such price therefor as she thought fit to demand, and she queens it to-day in the department of Sensational Romance wherever the English language is spoken.” Whilst they thus proclaim Miss Braddon’s royal status, these same masters of sensational advertisement speak tall words about their own merits, stating very distinctly that they are citizens of whom the Union has reason to be proud, and that their Sunday Mercury is “the newspaper that occupies the throne of Sunday journalism.” Next to personal possession of a throne, the sole and unlimited possession of that which occupies a throne may be regarded as the highest object of mere worldly ambition; and we congratulate their Majesties one-degree removed of the New York Sunday Mercury on their tenure of royal rank,—although their throne is nothing more splendid than the editorial chair of a Sunday newspaper. Nor do we warmly censure the enthusiasm, though we may question the judgment which they display in fighting for Miss Braddon’s crown. Since they have “soul enough” to admire her novels, by all means let them put to shame those English reviews “which carped at her works, probably because they had not soul enough to appreciate them.” But if upon inquiry it should be ascertained either that they have been induced to regard as Miss Braddon’s work a story of which she never wrote a line, or that they have conspired to hoax the public for their own private advantage, what will be thought of these several occupants of thrones?

On one side it is asserted that in assigning ‘Nobody’s daughter’ to Miss Braddon, the proprietors of the Sunday Mercury are only endeavouring to draw attention to their paper by an impudent fabrication; and those who take this view of the case argue thus:—‘Nobody’s Daughter’ is merely a reprint, under a new title, of ‘Diavola,’ a story that is now being published in the London Journal, by the author of ‘The Black Band.’ So far, a London reader can safely follow the New York disputant; for the current number of the London Journal (Feb 16, 1867,) contains chaps. 37-39 of the story called ‘Diavola,’ by the author of ‘The Black Band.’

It seems clear, therefore, either that Miss Braddon is the author of ‘The Black Band,’ or that she is not the writer of ‘Nobody’s Daughter.’ Which of these two? Against the first supposition the New York Critics bring forward the following evidence. They say that in the summer of last year, when ‘The Black Band,’ which originally appeared in the London Journal, was republished in New York by Messrs. Hilton & Co., under the new name of ‘What is this Mystery?’ Miss Braddon indignantly denied the authorship of the story, and protested against the conduct of the publishers who advertised the book as a production of her pen. How then, it is urged, can Miss Braddon, who has explicitly disclaimed the authorship of ‘The Black Band,’ be the writer of ‘Nobody’s Daughter,’ alias ‘Diavola,’ which is announced in the London Journal as written by the author of ‘The Black Band?’

On the other side, the occupants of “the throne of Sunday Journalism” reiterate their assertion that ‘Nobody’s Daughter’ is from Miss Braddon’s pen, and that they paid the lady a “munificent price” for early sheets of the work, together with permission to publish it under a new title. They denounce all journals that venture to express incredulity of their statements, as “concerns on their last legs, and destitute alike of brains and principle.” Moreover, a gentleman acting for the proprietors has exhibited, in New York, papers that are represented to be Miss Braddon’s receipts for two sums of £75. each, instalments of the sum of £250., which was the munificent price spoken of in the advertisements of the work. This same person has also exhibited letters which he says were written to the proprietors of the Sunday Mercury respecting the early sheets of ‘Diavola,’ by Mr. Maxwell, of London. If we felt ourselves justified in accepting the statements thus put forth by the proprietors of the Sunday Mercury as unquestionably true, we should regard them as settling the question respecting the authorship of ‘The Black Band’ and ‘Diavola.’ But the gentlemen who act for the throne of Sunday journalism use language with such singular freedom that we hesitate to put unqualified reliance on their assurances. A certain measure of distrust is surely due to men who have the astounding impudence to say that the English reviews which criticized Miss Braddon with severity have been glad to make friendly overtures to her, and buy her tales at her own price!

With respect to Miss Braddon our counsel is that she should lose no time in giving her explanation of facts that may be unfairly used to her disadvantage.

Tremadoc, Feb. 26, 1867.

As Miss Braddon does not seem inclined to “give her explanations” as to whether she is or not the author of ‘The Black Band’ (‘Diavola,’ I believe, is not denied), but is content that Lady Caroline Lascelles (whoever she may be) should have the credit of it, I think, on looking at the facts, there will be no difficulty in setting this vexed question at rest. It appears that ‘The Black Band’ originally appeared in the Halfpenny Journal, the proprietor of that journal being Mr. Maxwell. ‘Diavola’ is now being published in the London Journal, as by the author of ‘The Black Band,’ early sheets of which Mr. Maxwell negotiated for sale in America. Finally, Mr. Maxwell is the proprietor of Belgravia, edited by Miss Braddon.... Surely in the interests of literature it behoves Mr. Maxwell that he should lose no time in giving his explanation of this scandal, which may be used to Miss Braddon’s disadvantage.

Hugh Morgan.

Concerning “The Black Band Scandal,” Mr. John Maxwell—in a letter published in last week’s Athenæum [March 11]—makes some strange admissions, though he seems to be under the impression that he reveals nothing of importance. The proprietor of the Halfpenny Journal, and the confidential agent who negotiated between Miss Braddon and the New York Sunday Mercury, Mr. Maxwell writes, “If the ‘interests of literature’ were in any way involved in my revealing who suggested, who planned, and who wrote the romance of ‘The Black Band’ and other serials under the same nom de plume which appeared in the Halfpenny Journal, I should be happy to name the authors, as soon as I had obtained their permission, and could apportion the shares of merit to which their respective ingenuity and industry entitle them; but as the ‘interests of literature’ do not appear to me to be, in the slightest degree, affected, I shall not take any trouble to destroy the anonymous reserve under which these tales were written.” Here is an instructive peep into a factory of novels for the halfpenny press, the showman of the sight being himself the master of the mill. The operatives of the workshop are duly classified as suggesters, planners, writers; and it appears that, though the novels thus turned out are the patchwork of many “hands,” the watchful director of the factory could, if it pleased him to do so, “apportion the shares of merit to which their respective ingenuity and industry entitle them.” With discreet reticence, that stands in strong contrast against the indiscretion of his frankness, Mr. Maxwell says nothing about his plans for distributing the goods made in his factory. He does not tell us how it came to pass that one of the novels thus manufactured was called ‘The Black Band’ in England, and ‘What is this Mystery?’ in America; how it came to be falsely attributed to Lady Caroline Lascelles in this country, and (Miss Braddon’s denial of its authorship being our evidence) no less falsely attributed to Miss Braddon on the other side of the Atlantic; how ‘Diavola’ came to be attributed to “the author of ‘The Black Band’” in the London Journal, whereas early sheets of the tale appear to have been sold through Mr. Maxwell’s agency in New York as early sheets of a new tale by Miss Braddon; and how it comes that the proprietors of the New York Sunday Mercury can exhibit papers that purport to be Miss Braddon’s receipts for money paid to her for early sheets of this novel by the author of ‘The Black Band,’ though she has indignantly repudiated the authorship of ‘What is this Mystery?’ alias ‘The Black Band.’ All these and other like matters are mysteries, and we are content that they should remain so. We concur with Mr. Maxwell in thinking that the interests of literature do not require him to publish the names of all the suggesters, planners, writers, and other journeymen who ply their craft in his factory. He has told everything that persons immediately concerned in the interests of literature can need or care to know about the matter.

March 14, 1867.

I have this day received a copy of a New York paper, the Sunday Mercury, dated February 27, in which are three or four chapters of a serial tale, entitled ‘Nobody’s Daughter; or the Ballad-Singer of Wapping,’ by Miss M. E. Braddon, together with an abstract of published chapters; and as these are identical with the tale now publishing in the London Journal, under the title of ‘Diavola,’ by the author of ‘The Black Band,’ I think with Mr. Morgan, there can be no difficulty in identifying under the nom de plume of Lady Caroline Lascelles the Miss Braddon of Belgravia.

M. B.

4, Shoe Lane, Fleet Street, March 18, 1867.

It is sometimes easy and sometimes difficult to raise a tempest in a tea-pot; and, it appears to me, that under the title of “Manufacture of Novels,” you are trying to solve the difficulty. In last Saturday’s Athenæum you ask “how it comes that the proprietors of the New York Sunday Mercury can exhibit papers that purport to be Miss Braddon’s receipts for money paid to her for early sheets of this novel (‘Diavolo’)” by the author of ‘The Black Band’? Allow me to say that the proprietors of the New York Sunday Mercury do not exhibit any paper whatever purporting to be Miss Braddon’s receipt, although they can exhibit mine, and that most honourably too, for they have honestly paid to me the amounts for which I have given them receipts; and, I regret to add, they have not always been left in peaceful possession of their advance-sheets by rival American publishers, who live on the policy of stealing as much literature as they can, reckless of all considerations beyond their own expectations of gain. As illustrating this latter class of sharp practitioners, it is necessary to recall Messrs. Hilton and Co., of New York. These people announce ‘What is this Mystery?’ as reprinted from Miss Braddon’s advance-sheets, when it was reprinted from nothing of the kind; and they advertise the work as being Miss Braddon’s “latest and best,” when they well know it is neither the one nor the other. Against this Miss Braddon protested. Had she no right to do so? Was everything quite as it should be on the part of Messrs. Hilton and Co.? And was Miss Braddon altogether wrong in intimating that she knew nothing whatever about Messrs. Hilton and Co.’s enterprise beyond their advertisement; she never had, directly or indirectly, the smallest approach to a communication from or with them? If you think Miss Braddon in the wrong, and Messrs. Hilton and Co. in the right in this transaction, let it be so; others may differ from you.

Another point—the “inconvenience to readers, and perplexity, if not substantial loss, to ‘the trade,’” as the result of republication. Of course, if no republication has happened, no inconvenience to readers, and no perplexity and loss to “the trade” can arise. Now this is precisely the case with the tales assumed to be by the author of ‘The Black Band’—a series which I hope will one day challenge criticism as romances of strong and popular interest, quite as worthy of republication as any of the tales reproduced from halfpenny and penny journals by Messrs. Hurst and Blackett, and by other equally well-esteemed novel-publishers. Although these tales are not reprinted, you use against them the word “convicted,” and you apply that term to them in common with “the system” of Mrs. Wood and Mr. Wills, both of whom admit, and rather defend, the republication of reprints with emendations. Is this fair on your part? You are wholly unsustained in the use of the word, and its application is alike unnecessary and uncalled for.

Next as to the nom de plume of Lady Caroline Lascelles. This title was suggested by my late literary colleague, who was also at the time a writer in the Athenæum, poor Sir C. E. Lascelles Wraxall, Bart. He claimed a family right in the names. For five weeks the nom de plume was adopted. At the end of that time it was discarded, as it was found that “fine words butter no parsnips;” and the tale of “The Black Band” was thenceforth published anonymously, and its publication, and that of the series of tales which succeeded, went on uninterruptedly for years. In all this, what deduction is to be drawn? simply that a series of tales have been written for the cheap periodical press so very attractive as to occasion their reprint in America, and so very profitable as to induce both literary pirates and purchasers of advance-sheets to make the most of their adventures. Surely in this there is little to excite acrimonious controversy.

John Maxwell.

[It is difficult to understand why the following letter should be written in such a vulgar tone. We regret the necessity of inserting it here.]

ENGLISH AUTHORS IN AMERICA.

128, Nassau Street, New York, April 25, 1867.

Our attention having been called to a communication in your issue of March 23, wherein one “John Maxwell” has been pleased to stigmatize us as “sharp practitioners,” as well as to bestow upon us other not very complimentary epithets, in relation to the manner in which the immaculate trader in Miss Braddon’s productions conceives we have maltreated that lady’s reputation, we deem it incumbent upon us to ask your indulgence in placing the true facts of the case before your readers, inasmuch as your correspondent has managed adroitly to dodge the real offence attempted to be fastened upon us in our business capacity.

We do not pretend to justify our custom of the American trade in appropriating Transatlantic literature without rendering some recompence to the original authors. Still, in the absence of an international copyright, publishers are not inclined to court extra risks, as they cannot be protected against ruinous competition in any enterprise undertaken on a basis of remuneration. It may suit the purpose of a newspaper with a stable circulation to secure the advance sheets of a story from the pen of a popular English writer, but in the matter of a cheap publication of a completed romance, there can be no guarantee against its reproduction by a competing house, possibly from a copy secured at a rational cost within a few days after its emission.

In our series of cheap publications, we saw fit to reprint, under the title of ‘What is this Mystery?’ a romance originally published in London as ‘The Black Band.’ A similar designation had been bestowed upon a local romance, written in this city some years back, and of which we hold the copyright. To prevent confusion, we took the liberty of changing the title of Miss Braddon’s work, but affixed her own proper name to maintain identity as to authorship. Almost instantly, we were assailed by the city journals, and charged with having imposed upon the reading public, through palming off, as a work of Miss Braddon’s, the production of some obscure novelist. The lady herself, or some person representing her interests, thought proper to encourage presumption of fraud until this period, when the Sunday Mercury advertising under precisely similar circumstances, ‘Diavola,’ avowedly from the same source as ‘The Black Band,’ Miss Braddon hastens to the rescue of its editors, and reluctantly acknowledges authorship of both romances, the latter one of which Mr. Maxwell contends to have been “honourably” obtained through purchase of so-called “advance sheets;” whereas our offence appears to have consisted in the fact of reprinting, without her express sanction, from a London publication, a work for which the London publisher had, as we presume, paid its market value. Assuredly, if any party be entitled to recompense for “advance sheets,” it should be the individual purchasing Miss Braddon’s literary wares, and seeking repayment through their publication. Besides, we are frank enough to consider it as a poor compliment to the manager of a periodical, investing in goods of that nature, to suggest that the “latest” published productions of any author are not the “best,” especially when a multiplicity of similar commodities are in the field. We regret that Miss Braddon or her friend should be compelled to protest against our critical judgment as to the work reprinted by us being her “latest and best;” but must extenuate our interested opinion on the ground that a declaration to the contrary might prove detrimental to the reputation of the fair authoress, and decidedly inimical to her future chances of disposing of “advance sheets.”

Hilton & Co.

4, Shoe Lane, Fleet Street, May 11, 1867.

To judge from the tone of their letter in this day’s Athenæum, Messrs. Hilton & Co. appear to think that, by adding insult to injury, they can extenuate their conduct and cast aside the opprobrium which their dishonesty should entail. They do not attempt to deny the charges made against them, which may be briefly stated as follows:—

1. That they appropriated a tale, changed its name, and announced it as reprinted from the author’s “advance sheets,” when they well knew the reprint was from nothing of the kind, and that, in fact, they never had, either directly or indirectly, the slightest communication from or with the author or the publisher of the tale they so “smartly” laid their hands upon.

2. That they described this tale as Miss Braddon’s “latest and best,” when they well knew it was neither latest nor best; and that, beyond their own audacity, they had no justification for ascribing the authorship to Miss Braddon.

For their own purposes Messrs. Hilton & Co. did all this; and as they advertised the tale to have achieved a sale of 18,000 copies within a week of publication, Messrs. Hilton & Co. might have been content with the gains of the operation. No one here expected anything from them. Instead, however, of being satisfied with the fruits of their rapacity, Messrs. Hilton & Co. have thought fit to turn round upon Miss Braddon, whose name they most unfairly used for their own dishonest purpose, and now they try their best to insult her by declaring “assuredly, if any party be entitled to recompense for ‘advance sheets,’ it should be the individual purchasing Miss Braddon’s literary wares, and seeking repayment through their publication.” The sheer insolence of this declaration transcends the old story of the attorney who had no defence to an action, and therefore instructed counsel—“No case; abuse plaintiff’s witnesses.” In England the value of Miss Braddon’s literary wares is well understood; and in America the importance of her “advance sheets” commands an adequate recompense, a circumstance with which the “business capacity” of Messrs. Hilton & Co. cannot make them acquainted. I refrain from noticing the other statements in Messrs. Hilton & Co.’s letter, because they are, so far as the matter in issue is concerned, simply untrue.

John Maxwell.

‘Rupert Godwin, by Miss M. E. Braddon,’ it appears was originally published in the Halfpenny Journal, under the title of ‘The Banker’s Secret,’ by the author of ‘The Black Band.’

C. R. Jackson, Athenæum, 2073, p. 82.

The manufacture of Novels now occupies so many writers, and is a system that so deeply concerns the public, that we have devoted a large space to the above exposure: larger, in fact, than we wished; but fairness demanded that the whole or none of the controversy should be inserted.

LATHY (T. P.) Esq., plagiarist.

The Angler, a poem, in ten Cantos. With proper instructions in the Art, Rules to Choose Fishing Rods, Lines, Hooks, etc. 1819.

This poem is only a rifacimento of the Anglers’ Eight Dialogues in verse, without acknowledgment; some copies are dated 1819, with the following title, ‘The Angler, a Poem, in ten Cantos, by Piscator.’

J.r.s.

See Westwood Bib. Piscatoria, 1861.

LAUDER (William) literary forger.

“Mr. Isaac D’Israeli, in his ‘Curiosities of Literature,’ has remarked that some of the most sinister literary forgeries in modern times have been perpetrated by Scotchmen, and he instances Lauder and Bower—two of the blackest sheep of the world of letters. The disgraceful fraud of which the former stands convicted, so unparalleled for its meanness, baseness, and dishonesty, has justly condemned him to eternal infamy, and rendered his name a by-word of contempt. To the credit of English literature, it did not indeed long remain undiscovered, and it may at least be said to have had one beneficial result—that of placing the unwary on their guard against an unscrupulous disputant, and of demonstrating the importance and necessity of occasionally verifying a quotation and testing a doubtful assertion.

“In 1747 he commenced his attack on the reputation of Milton in various communications to the ‘Gentleman’s Magazine,’ in which the great poet was denounced as an unprincipled plagiarist.

“These papers having led to some controversy, and excited some attention, Lauder was induced to collect them, and in 1750 he republished them in a volume, entitled ‘An Essay on Milton’s Use and Abuse of the Moderns in his Paradise Lost;’ with the motto taken from Milton, “Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.” The work is preceded by a characteristic advertisement from Lauder, which states that “Gentlemen who are desirous of securing their children from ill example, or are themselves disposed to gain or retrieve the knowledge of the Latin tongue, may be waited on at their own houses by the author of the following Essay,” an announcement certainly calculated to convey the idea that the “canny Scot” regarded his erudite performance as an excellent mercantile speculation, and favorable medium of publicity. To render the work more remarkable, the preface and postscript were contributed by Dr. Samuel Johnson. Johnson contributed prefaces and postscripts to works he had never read with the greatest ease, as his collected works show.

“The authors from whom Lauder accused Milton of borrowing without acknowledgment, were some of them all but unknown in what was then called the learned world. Among them was Masenius, a Jesuit of Cologne, Taubmann, a German, and Staphorstius, a learned Dutchman. From these and other authors passages were quoted in some of which there was a general resemblance, and in others a close similarity to the most admired portions of ‘Paradise Lost.’

“But Lauder’s triumph was of short duration. The detection of the imposition, and the chastisement of the impostor fell into able hands. Upon its publication the work attracted the attention of the Rev. John Douglas, afterwards Bishop of Salisbury, whose jealous regard for the reputation of Milton, induced him to investigate its contents. Confident of the great poet’s integrity, and not content with Lauder’s assertions, he proceeded, with considerable pains, to search for the passages which had been quoted from Masenius, Staphorstius, Grotius, and others. The result was most triumphant: in nearly every instance he found that Lauder had tampered with the text, and had impudently inserted several lines of a translation of the ‘Paradise Lost’ in Latin hexameters by William Hogg, and others of his own manufacture. The detection was so complete that the impostor had no alternative but confession. A full avowal of the fraud was accordingly drawn up by Dr. Samuel Johnson, who naturally enough considered his reputation somewhat involved in the transaction, and after some demur signed by Lauder. Upon a calm review of the whole circumstances of the case, we cannot, however, absolve Johnson from all blame. That he was the dupe of the impostor, and entirely innocent of the fraud, will be readily admitted; but can it be said that he exercised a proper discretion, in giving his sanction and support to a charge the accuracy of which he had not taken the trouble to investigate?...

“After the appearance of Dr. Douglas’s reply the following advertisement (which we quote as a literary curiosity in its way) was inserted in the public newspapers by Lauder’s publishers:—

“White Hart in Paternoster Row, London, Nov. 28, 1750.

“Upon the publication of the Rev. Mr. Douglas’s Defence of Milton, in answer to Lauder, we immediately sent to Lauder, and insisted upon his clearing himself from the charge of forgery which Dr. Douglas has brought against him, by producing the books in question. He has this day admitted the charge, but with great insensibility.

“We therefore disclaim all connexion with him, and shall for the future sell his book ONLY as a masterpiece of fraud, which the public may be supplied with at 1s. 6d., stitched.

“John Payne. “Joseph Bouquet.”

For further particulars refer to the article quoted (Sharpe’s Lond. Mag., 1849), to Allibone, to Lowndes by Bohn, Poule’s Index to Periodical Lit., Notes and Queries, etc.

L. E., init. [Mrs. Edwards].

Dial of Meditation and Prayer. Lond., 1858.

L. E., initialism [Hon. Eleanor Eden].

Easton and its Inhabitants; or, Sketches of Life in a Country Town. London, 1858.

LEIGH (Cousin) pseud. [ ].

The Co-Heiress of Willingham. London, 1854.

L. E. L., initialism [Letitia Elizabeth Landon, afterwards Maclean].

The Improvisatrice, 1824. The Troubadour, 1825. The Golden Violet, 1827. The Venetian Bracelet, 1829. Romance and Reality, 1831. Fisher’s Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1832. The Easter Gift, 1832. Francesca Carrara, 3 vols, 1834 and 1862. Poems from the English Bijou Almanack, 1835. A Birthday Tribute, 1837. Ethel Churchill, or The Two Brides, 1837, 3 vols. Flowers of Loveliness, 1838. All London.

L. F. F. M., init. [Miller].

Cats and Dogs, Nature’s Warriors and God’s Workers, or Mrs. Myrtle’s Lessons in Natural History. Lond. and Edinb., 1857.

LIMNER (Luke), Esq., pseud. [F. S. Leighton, F.A.S.].

London Cries and Public Edifices. [Lond., 1847], 16mo. London out of Town; or the Adventures of the Browns by the Sea-side [1847], oblong 16mo. Suggestions in Design ... for the use of Artists and Art Workmen, 185-23, 4to.

Christmas Comes but Once a Year. London, Tegg [1847?], 16mo.

A “card” to suspend in the library. The rules on this card are excellent and reprinted in Notes and Queries, 1 s. vi. 94, to which periodical he contributed under the above pseudonym.

LITTLE (Thomas) Esq., pseud. [Moore].

The Poetical Works of the late T. L., Esq. 1801.

Editions up to the present time.

LITTLE (Thomas) Junior, pseud. [ ].

The Poetical Works of, etc. Sunderland, 1816. The preface is signed J. H. H. H.

LITTLEJOHN, pseud. [Frederic Guest Tomlins].

Wrote a series of articles in the Weekly Times under this signature.

LITTLETON (Mark), pseud. [John P. Kennedy].

Swallow Barn. Philadelphia, 1832.

L. N. R., initialism [Mrs. Ranyard].

The Book and its Story; a Narrative for the Young: on occasion of the Jubilee of the British and Foreign Bible Society, by L. N. R., with an introductory preface by T. Phillips. 1853, 10th edit., 1857.

Nearly 50,000 copies of this work have been sold—or given away.

The Missing Link, or Bible-Women in the Homes of the London Poor, 1859. Nineveh and its Relics in the British Museum. Birmingham, 1855, and Opportunities [same, both], by the Author of the Border Land, and others.

This lady has been convicted of plagiarism by Mr. E. H. Plumptre, in The Athenæum, April 1866, p. 531. Dr. Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible is the work which L. N. R. has freely used in her “Stones Crying Out. 1866.”

LOT, Parson, pseud. [Rev. Charles Kingsley].

Cheap Clothes and Nasty. London, 1850.

LOTHRUP (Amy) pseud. [Miss Anna B. Warner].

Dollars and Cents. Lond., Edinb., and New York, 1854. And a great many other works.

LOVECHILD (Louisa) phrenonym [ ].

Natural History ... for Little Folk. Lond., [1833].

LOVECHILD (Solomon), pseud. [Lady Fenn].

Sketches of Little Boys and Girls, 1852. And others.

M.

M. (Eleanor), disguised-author [ ].

Edith of Graystock. H. Lindsell, Wimpole Street, 1833.

M. (Rose C.), init. [Monckton].

Letters from Futtehgurh. Clifton, [1858].

MAC-SARCASM (Rev. Sir Archibald) Bart., pseudo-titlonym [ ].

The Life of Hannah More, with critical review of her Writings. London, 1802.

MAC-SHIMI (Gillespie) ps. [Archibald Simson].

Annals of such patriots of the distinguished family of Fraser, Frysell, Sim-son, or Fitz-simon, as have signalised themselves in the public service of Scotland; from the time of their first arrival in Britain ... until their settlement as Lords of Oliver Castle and Tweedale, etc. Edinburgh, reprinted, 1805.

M. A. K., init. [Kelty].

Emma; or, Recollections of a Friend. Lond., Longman, 1850. Reminiscences of Thought and Feeling. Lond., 1852.

See: the Author of ‘Visiting my Relations,’ 1867.

MALAGROWTHER (Malachi), ps. [Sir W. Scott].

Thoughts on the proposed change of Currency, as they are intended to affect Scotland. Edinb., 1826.

MANNERS (Motley), phren. [A. J. Duganne].

Parnassus in Pillory, a Satire. New York, 1851.

MARCLIFFE (Theophilus), pseud. [William Godwin, author of “Caleb Williams,” &c.].

The Looking-glass; A true History of the Early History of an Artist, etc. 1805.

“Circumstances point to Mr. Mulready; and that well known collector of artistic gossip, J. T. Smith, quoting an anecdote from the Looking-glass, in his account of the sculptor Banks (Nollekins and his Times, ii. 200) affirms, without hesitation, that the artist is Mr. Mulready.”

N. & Q., 3 s.

MARIOTTI (L.) pseud. [A. Gallenga].

Several Pieces on Italy, 1847-51.

A Historical Memoir of Fra Dolcino and his Times. 1853.

Italian Grammar, 1858. All London.

MARKHAM (Mrs.) pseud. [Mrs. Elizabeth Penrose].

A History of England, 182—? of France, 1828; new editions up to the present time.

New Children’s Friend, consisting of Tales and Conversations for Young Persons, 1836. Sermons for Children, Lond., J. Murray. 1837. Posthumous.

MARTEL (Charles) pseud. [Thomas Delf, editor of “Appleton’s Librarian’s Manual”].

Has translated Chevereul’s Principles of Harmony ... of Colors, from the French, 1847; and Flourens on Human Longevity, 1855. His original publications are: The Principles of Colouring in Painting, 1855; same of Form in Ornamental Art, 1856. Love Letters of Eminent Persons, 1859. A Better Patrimony than Gold, 1864. The Detective’s Note-book, 1860. Diary of an Ex-Detective, 1860. A Dictionary of Love. Halifax, 1860.

MARVEL (Ike) pseud. [Donald Grant Mitchell].

The Battle Summer: being transcripts from personal observations in Paris, during the year 1848. New York, 1850. Reveries of a Bachelor, or a Book of the Heart, 12th edition, 1851; other editions. Dream Life, a parable of the seasons.

The dedication is signed D. G. M. It has been translated into French, with the author’s permission. He has written other works.

MAY (Edith) pseud. [Anna Drinkwater, a Native of Pennsylvania, has obtained considerable distinction as a Poetess.—Allibone].

Katy’s Story. Philadelphia, 1855.

MAYNARD (Walter) pseud. [William Beale].

The Enterprising Impresario. Bradbury & Evans, 1867.

In his remarkably free gossip about managers and opera-singers, Mr. Walter Maynard certainly has done his best to satisfy the curiosity which desires to get behind the scenes and into the green-room, and to discover the complicated machinery which works out our public amusement.—The Chronicle, Sept. 7, 1867.

M—— B——, ps. [ ].

To-Morrow (a religious tale). Wellington, Salop, 1817.

M. B., pseudonym [Mary Lamb].

Mrs. Leicester’s School. 4th edition, Lond., 1814.

M. B., initialism [Mona Drew, afterwards Bickersteth].

Poems. Wales, 1856.

J. P.

M. D., initialism [Marcus Davis].

Startling Revelations; or, where shall we seek Justice? A lesson in Law. Dedicated to the Foreign and English Investor, to Legislators, and to Everybody. Sold Everywhere [1867]. Signed M. D.

M * * * e. (T * * * y) [Thomas Moore].

See The Editor of the New Whig Guide.

MEANWELL (Edward) fictitious name [ ].

The Dialogists; or the circuit of Banco Regis, a serio-comic Sketch ... exhibiting a true and interesting picture of Men and Things, set forth in interlocutory observations between Mr. E. M. and Mr. T. Wellbred, etc. London, [1810?]

MEANWELL (Margery) fictitious name [ ].

Goody Two Shoes; or, the History of Little M. M. in Rhyme. London, 1825.

MEIRION, ps. [W. Owen] in Monthly Mag., 1803.

M. E. M. J., author of Waldenburg, initialism [Margaret Elizabeth Mary Jones].

Jubal, a poem, 1839.

Waldenburg, which was written when the authoress was only in her fourteenth year, has been dramatised under a different title.

N. & Q.

MERCUTIO, phrenonym [William Winter].

MEREDITH (Owen) pseud. [Hon. Edward Robert Bulwer Lytton].

The Wanderer, a Poem, 1859. Lucill, 1860. The Ring of Amasis. From the papers of a German Physician (Dr. N——.) edited by O. M., Lond., 1863, 2 vols., and others.

MERTON (Ambrose) pseud. [Thoms].

Gammer Gurton’s Pleasant Stories of Patient Grissel, etc., newly revised by ——, 1846.

MERTON (Tristram) pseudonym [Thomas Babington Lord Macaulay].

Several Sketches and Ballads in Knight’s Quarterly Magazine.

This pseudonym is not mentioned by Mr. Bohn who gives a list of these pieces in his edition of Lowndes.

M. H., initialism [Mrs. Hullah].

A few Words about Music, containing Hints to Amateur Pianists. London, Novello, 1851.

First appeared in The Lady’s Newspaper.

MILLER (Joe) allonym [James Ballantyne].

Old Joe Miller, by the Editor of New J. M., two Jest Books. London, 1801, 3 vols.

MONTGOMERY (Gerald) pseud. [Rev. Geo. Moultrie].

In The Etonian and in Knight’s Quarterly Magazine.

MORAR, pseud. [Sir William Augustus Fraser, Bart.]. Poems. 4to, with an etching by George Cruikshank, dated 1866. Privately printed, not for sale. No imprint.

MORE (Margareta) pseud. [Miss Anne Manning].

The Household of Sir Thomas More, 1851.

MORELL (Sir Charles) pseudo-titlonym [James Ridley]. See Horam, ps.

M. M. M., pseud. [W. Tooke].

Verses, edited by ——, (only 80 copies privately printed). London, 1860.

MURPHY (Dennis Jasper) pseud. [Rev. C. Maturin].

Fatal Revenge; or, the Family of Montaro; a romance. London, 1807.

Several pieces under this pseudonym. See Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors, 1816.

M. W. R., init. [Rooney, Bookseller, of Dublin].

The Last Leaf of the lately discovered copy of Hamlet, first edit. (1603) ... reprinted Dublin, 1856.

See Lowndes by Bohn, p. 2276.

MYRTLE (Harriet) Mrs., pseud. [Lydia F. F. Miller].

This lady has written a number of Children’s Tales and booklettes since 1846, under this pseudonym.

MYRTLE (Harriet) pseud. [Mary Gillies].

More Fun for our Little Friends. London, 1864.

One person employing a pseudonym already used by another, is much to be deprecated. We have not stigmatised the above as an allonym, as we do not believe this lady had any intention to deceive.

MYRTLE (Lewis) pseud. [ ].

Cap-sheaf, a fresh Bundle. New York, 1853.

MYRTLE (Minnie) pseud. [ ].

The Myrtle Wreath, or Stray Leaves recalled. New York, 1854. The Iroquois, or the Bright Side of Indian Character, 1855.

N.

NAPEA (Oloff) fictitious name [ ].

Letters from London. Observations of a Russian during a Residence in England. Lond., 1816.

Of home manufacture; they are imitations of Espriella’s Letters. See Quarterly Review, 1816, p. 53.

The Following works have been falsely, and with a fraudulent intent to deceive, published as the writings of Napoleon.

Private Hours of Napoleon Bonaparte, from his earliest years to the period of his Marriage with the Arch-Duchess Maria Louisa. Written by himself during his residence in the Island of Elba. 2 vols., Paris. London, (printed) 1816.

An edition in French also printed in London the same year.

Confessions de Napoléon, with the motto, “Un homme et toute l’Europe.” Paris, 1816.

This is by P. G. S. Dufey, a French Barrister, and a prolific author. On account of the police of Paris having seized this bad novel, it has become scarce. See J. M. Quérard, La France Litt.

Manuscrit venu de St.-Hélène d’une manière inconnue. Lond., J. Murray, 1st and 3rd editions, 1817.

These two anonymous works are attributed by Quérard to Bertrand, an officer in the French Army.

Manuscrit de l’île d’Elbe, etc. Londres, Ridgway, 1818.

Napoleon his own Historian. Extracts from the original MS. of Napoleon Bonaparte, by an American [ ]. London, H. Colburn, 1818.

French edition the same place and year.

Quarante Lettres inédites de Napoléon, recueillies par L. F. [written by Dourille de Crest]. Paris, 1825.

Love letters supposedly written to a lady at Valence, on Napoleon’s first visit to that town, when he was only a lieutenant.

J. M. Q.

NAVA (Franz) ps. [Edward Francis Rimbault].

A number of Musical Compositions, Arrangements, etc., under this pseudonym since 1853.

NIMROD, pseud. [Charles James Apperley].

Nimrod’s Northern Tour (in Vol IX of the New Sporting Magazine. London, 1835.)

The Chace—The Road—The Turf, 1852.

Remarks on the Condition of Hunters (reprinted from the Sporting Mag.) 4th edition, 1855.

The Horse and the Hound. Edinburgh, 1858.

Memoir of the Life of John Mytton.

NORTH (Christopher) pseud. [John Wilson, Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh].

Heart-Break; the Trials of Literary Life, or recollections of C. N. [a novel]. 1859.

Blackwood’s Magazine was edited by him under this pseudonym.

NORTH (Danby) pseud. [Daniel Owen Madden].

The Mildmayes, or the Clergyman’s Secret; a Story of Twenty Years ago. London, 1856.

O.

O—— (W——) Esq., disguised-author [William Owen].

A Brief Memoir of W—— O——, Esq. Lond., [1841].

O’DOHERTY (Sir Morgan) Bart., pseudo-titlonym [William Maginn].

Maxims of Sir M. O’Doherty. Edinburgh, 1849.

He was a constant contributor to Blackwood’s Magazine under this pseudonym.

OLDACRE (Cedric) of Saxe Normanby, pseudonym [John Wood Warter].

The Last of the Old Squires, a Sketch. Lond., 1854.

OLD CHATTY CHEERFUL, phrenonym [William Martin].

The Boy’s Own Annual. Lond., 1861 (signed W. M.)

OLD-NICK, ironym [Emile Dauran Forgues].

Jane Eyre, imités par, etc. Paris, 1846.

See Bell (Currer) ps.

M. Forgues has translated or “imités” several other English novels.

OLDSCHOOL (Oliver) phren. [Joseph Dennie].

The Portfolio. Philadelphia, 1801-15.

OLDSTYLE (Jonathan) phren. [Washington Irving].

Letters on the Drama. New York, 1802.

The author’s earliest production.

OLD TRAVELLERS. See Trusta (H.) pseud.

OLIVER (Stephen) the Younger, of Aldwark, pseud. [W. A. Chatto].

Scenes and Recollections of Fly Fishing in Northumberland, etc. London, 1834.

OMNIUM (Gresham) pseud. [ ].

A Handy Guide to safe Investments, etc., 1858 and 1860.

OMNIUM (Jacob) pseud. [Matthew James Higgins].

Is Cheap Sugar the Triumph of Free Trade? 3 Letters to Lord John Russell, London, 1847 and 1848. Light Horse, 1855. Letters on Military Education, 1856.

ONE OF NO PARTY, phraseonym [James Grant, editor of the Morning Chronicle].

Random Recollections of the House of Commons. London, 1836.

ONE OF THE FANCY, phras. [Thomas Moore].

See Crib (Tom) ph., 1819.

ONE OF THEM, phraseonym [ ].

Who shall be President Next? addressed not to the Politicians but to the People. 8vo, 16 pp.

ONE OF THE MIDDLING CLASSES, phraseonym [ ].

Three Letters to the People, by ——. Lond., Southampton (printed) [1835].

ONE OF THE PARTY, phraseonym [F. Taylor].

Ella V——, or the July Tour. New York, 1841.

ONESIMUS, pseud. Numbers of authors have written under this pseudonym, but they are all unknown.

ONE WHO HAS NEVER QUITTED HIM FOR FIFTEEN YEARS, phraseonym [C. Doris].

Secret Mémoires of Napoleon Bonaparte. Written by, etc. Translated from the French. 1815. German Translation, 1817.

An Historical Survey of the Character of Napoleon Bonaparte. 1815.

ONE WHO HAS WHISTLED AT THE PLOUGH, phraseonym [Alexander Somerville].

The Autobiography of a Working Man. Lond., 1848.

This was first published in the Manchester Examiner. He signed himself “The Whistler” in the newspapers.

ONE WHO IS BUT AN ATTORNEY, enigmatic phraseonym [George Butt, of Salisbury].

A Peep at the Wiltshire Assizes, a Serio-Ludicrous Poem. Brodie & Dowdney, Salisbury [1820], price 13s. 4d.

“This was published in 1819: its circulation was limited to Wiltshire and the adjoining counties: except that Mr. John Long, the High Sheriff, in that year presented two, by his own wish to Graham and Best, on the Circuit.... I do not know how to obtain 3 more copies of this.”—MS. Note in the B.M. copy.

See Notes and Queries, 2 S. ii., 229. 277.

ONE WHO IS REALLY AN ENGLISHMAN, phraseonym [C. W. Smith].

Letters published in The Sun, by C. W. S[mith] justifying the Coup d’Etat of the 2nd Dec., and condemning the ... attack of the “Times,” and other journals in their comments upon the policy of the Emperor Napoleon III., by ——. Lond., 1853.

ONE WHO LOVES THE SOULS OF THE LAMBS of Christ’s Flock, phraseonym [Rev. Richard Marks, Vicar of Great Missenden, Bucks?]

English History for Children, from four to ten years of Age. London, J. Nisbet, 1832-3.

We dare not allow ourselves to comment upon a person who uses such a pseudonym as this.

ONE WHO THINKS FOR HIMSELF, phraseonym [ ].

Metropolitan Grievances; or a serio-comic Glance at Minor Mischiefs in London, &c. Plate by G. Cruikshank. Sherwood, 1812.

We could not find a better instance of the careful manner in which books are read through, when required for the purpose of cataloguing them at the British Museum, than this little work. At p. 42 we read “Here I am, Thomas Truewit, Esq., the renowned author of the ‘Grievances,’” etc., and from this the work is catalogued under ‘Truewit.’

O’REILLY (Miles) ps. [Colonel Charles G. Halpine].

The Life and Adventures, Songs, Services ... of Private ——.... With comic illustrations by Mullen. From the authentic records of the New York Herald. New York, 1864.

Baked Meats of the Funeral ... Essays, etc. By Private M. O’Reilly. New York, 1866.

OSBORNE (Edward) fictitious name [Miss Anne Manning].

The Colloquies of E. O., Citizen and Cloth Worker of London, as reported, By ye author of “Mary Powell” (q.v.), 1860.

OUIDA, pseudonym [Miss Rame].

Cecil Castlemane’s Gage. Chandos, 3 vols., 1866. Randolph Gordon. Strathmore. Held in Bondage, or Granville de Vigne, 1863. Idalia—Under Two Flags, 1867. Mostly in 3 vols., all London.

We do not gather from this lady’s works that any of them have appeared in periodical publications.

OWEN (Ashford) pseudandry [Annie Ogle].

A Lost Love. Lond., Edinb. (printed). 1855.

OXFORD MEMBERS, geonym.

See Contributors to Tracts for the Times.

P.

P. (Professor). See A * * * * * (Major) init. [Pole].

P—— (P——) Poet Laureate [i.e., Peter Pindar] allonym [George Daniel].

R——l [Royal] Stripes, or a Kick from Yar——h [Yarmouth] to Wa——s [Wales, afterwards George IV.], with particulars of an expedition to Oatlands, and the Sprained Ancle, 1812.

This was suppressed.

PARLEY (Peter) pseudonym [Samuel Griswold Goodrich, an American bookseller, who afterwards devoted himself entirely to Authorship. “In 1851, the President of the United States—his excellency Millard Fillmore—conferred a deserved compliment upon Mr. Goodrich by appointing him consul at Paris.”]

In the history of the world it would be impossible, we think, to find a more popular pseudonym than that of Peter Parley. Since 1828, one hundred and seventy volumes, bearing that name, or edited under it, have been issued. Of all these about 7,000,000 of volumes have been sold: about 300,000 volumes are now sold annually. Our plan precludes our giving the titles of these works, on almost every subject; but the curious reader will find a complete list in S. A. Allibone’s Critical Dictionary of English Literature, 1859.

PARLEY (Peter). This pseudonym has been claimed, but without cause, and after his death, for the late Mr. S. Kettell (of America) the only pretext being that he had worked for the real “Simon Pure.” But the claim was as unjust as that now set up by Mr. Pugin that his father designed the Houses of Parliament.

PARLEY (Peter) impostor.

As we have before observed that it would be almost impossible to find a name under which more popular and useful works have been written than this; so we think it would be difficult to find one which has been more the subject of barefaced and open robbery, both on the part of literators and publishers.

Among the most notorious we have Peter Parley’s Annual, Darton & Co. (publishers), continued from 1841 to 1855, 14 vols. And 12 others by the same publishers, all spurious. Life of St. Paul, Simpkins, 1845. Visit to London, 1838, and Twelve Apostles, Bogue, 1844. 8 published by Tegg, 1837-40. Bible Geography, J. S. Hodson, 1839. Child’s First Step, Clements, 1839.

PARLEY (Peter) impostor [William Martin].

Peter Parley’s Annual: a Christmas and New Year’s Present for Young People. Edited by William Martin. (Darton & Co.) Lond., 1867. This is one of the spurious works above referred to.

The author who has so long traded on a dead writer’s nom de plume avows himself. His name is William Martin. To those who care for Samuel Goodrich’s honest fame in the world of letters, it will be interesting to know that his impersonator has again flung away a piece of his mask, and stands revealed as William Martin, Holly Lodge. Mr. Martin, you have taken one step in the right direction, and we congratulate you on that sign of uneasiness, if not of penitence. Why not take another step, and desist altogether from using Peter Parley’s title, to which you have no kind of right that can be recognised in a court of honour.

Athenæum, Jan. 5, 1867, No. 2045, p. 29.

P. P’s Peeps at Paris, 1848. Our Oriental Kingdom, or Tales about India, 1857. The Travels, Voyages and Adventures of Gilbert Go-Ahead, 1857. The Hatchings of me and my Schoolfellows, edited by W. Martin 1858. P. P’s. Own Favourite Story Book, edited by W. M., 1864. The Holiday Keepsake, 1865.

We do not believe this list to contain anything like the number of spurious works.

PARLEY (Peter) impostor [George Mogridge].

Tales about Shipwrecks and Disasters at Sea, 1827.

Great Britain and Ireland. Tales about Greece, 1837. Tales about Rome and Modern Italy, 1839.

These are imitations of the real P. P.’s tales about Ancient and modern Greece. This seems to be the earliest thief.

PARLEY (Peter) allonym [ ].

The Lives of the Twelve Apostles, 1844. The Life and Journeys of Paul the Apostle, 1845. The Travels and Adventures of Thomas Trotter, of Boston, U.S. [apocryph], as told by himself. Edited by Peter Parley, 1845.

This edition was revised by the Rev. T. Wilson.

“There are still other counterfeits of Parley’s works, issued by various parties in London. The utter disregard of truth, honour, and decency, on the part of respectable British authors and publishers in this wholesale system of imposition and injustice, is all the more remarkable when we consider that the British public and especially the British authors and booksellers are denouncing us in America as pirates, for refusing international copyright.

“The conduct of all these parties places them, morally, on a footing with other counterfeiters and forgers: public opinion, in the United States, would consign persons conducting in this manner to the same degree of reprobation. Can it be that, in England, a man who utters a counterfeit five-pound note is sent to Newgate, while another may issue thousands of counterfeit volumes and not destroy his reputation?”—S. G. Goodrich, see Allibone.

PARTINGTON (Mrs.) pseudonym [B. P. Shillaber].

The Sayings and Doings of ——. Lond., 1854. Mrs. P.’s Tea Party and Trip to Paris, 1856.

PASQUIN, pseud. [ ].

Legendes ofe the 19th Century. The Dragone ofe Oxforde ande St. George ofe Sainte Stevene’s. Part the first. Writ by Pasquin. Lond., Bath, printed 1853. No more published.

PASQUIN (Adolphus) pseud. [ ].

The Age of Lead. A Satire ... with an Introduction by G. Gilfillan. Lond., 1858.

PASTORINI (Sig.) pseud. [Charles Walmesley, Bishop of Rama].

The General History of the Christian Church, from her Birth to her final triumphant state in Heaven. 4th edition, New York, 1846.

PAUL, pseud. [Sir W. Scott].

Paul’s Letters to his Kinsfolk. Lond. and Edinb., 1816.

The copy in the British Museum has MS. corrections by Sir W. Scott.

P. B. St. J., initialism [Percy B. St. John (pronounced Sinjen)].

These initials are signed at the end of a story called “Quadroona,” in the London Journal. G. Vickers, Nos. 599-627, 1856-7.

He signs “Blythe Hall,” the tale before the above in full.

PEACOCK (Timothy) fictitious name.

See A Member of the Vermont Bar.

PELHAM (M.) pseudonym [Sir R. Phillips].

The Parent’s and Tutor’s first Catechism (with a clockface and moving hands.) Printed for R. P., the author.

We have been unable to ascertain whether this “authoress,” as he calls her in the preface, was married or not, and, in fact, the gallant vegetarian was somewhat in doubt himself, we think.

See N. & Q., 3 S. xii. 394.

PENDENNIS (Arthur) pseud. [William Makepeace Thackeray].

The Newcomes: Memoirs of a most respectable family, edited by ——. Lond., 1854.

PENFEATHER (Amabel) pseud. [ ].

Elinor Wyllys; or, the Young Folk of Longbridge, a tale, by ——. Edited by J. F. Cooper. Phil., 1846, 2 vols.

PENN (William) pseud. [Jeremiah Everts].

Essays on the present crisis in the condition of the American Indians; first published in the National Intelligencer, under the signature of ——. Phil., 1830.

PENROSE (Llewellyn) fictitious name [John Eagles].

Journal of ——, a Seaman. Lond., 1815, 12mo, 4 vols. Since republished.

PEPPER (K. N.) phrenonym [James W. Morris].

PEPPERCORN (H.) M.D., supposed-author [Rev. R. H. Barham].

Some verses as above, entitled “The Dark-Looking Man,” first published in the Globe and Traveller, of which the following is the moral:

See N. & Q. 3 S. xii.

PEPPERCORN (Peter) M.D., phren. [Thomas Love Peacock].

Some capital verses, “Rich and Poor, or Saint and Sinner,” also first published in The Globe and Traveller, beginning:—

S. Blyth, N. & Q.

PERCY (Sholto) pseud. [J. C. Robertson].

Sir W. Scott, his Novels, &c., abridged, &c.

PERCY (Sholto) pseud. [Robertson].

The Percy Anecdotes, by Sholto [J. C. Robertson] and Reuben Percy [Thomas Byerley] Brothers of the Benedictine Monastery, Mont. Berger [pseudo-titlonym]. Lond., 1820-3, 12mo, 20 vols.

The History of London, by the same, 1824.

Notes & Queries 1 S. vii. 214.

PERSIC (Peregrine) pseud. [James Morier].

The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan. Lond., 1824.

PETER, pseud. [John Gibson Lockhart, Sir Walter Scott’s son-in-law].

Peter’s Letters to his Kinsfolk. Edin., 1819. 3 vols.

First appeared in Blackwood’s Mag.

P. H., see W. D.

PHILALETHES, M.A., Oxon., phrenonym [Robert Fellowes].

History of Ceylon from the earliest period to the year 1815, religion, laws, and manners of the People, their Maxims and ancient proverbs. By ——, to which is subjoined Robt. Knox’s historical relation of the Island, and his Captivity for nearly 20 years, &c. Lond., 1817. 4to.

Ceylon being seceded to the English, caused Knox’s long-forgotten book to be resuscitated. The publisher no doubt considered that a second edition of a work originally published in 1681 would not be likely to attract attention; he therefore got an introduction written, and appended the work of Knox, which forms the staple of the book.

PHILALETHES, phren. [Sir R. J. W. Horton].

On Colonies. Lond., 1839.

N. & Q. 3 S. vii. 449.

PHILIP (Uncle) pseud. [Francis L. Hawks].

A number of American Histories and Tales for Children, published in New York.

See Stevens’ Cat. of Am. Bks., 1859.

PHILO-JUNIUS, pseud., see Junius.

PHIZ, pseud. [Hablot Knight Browne], one of the most popular draughtsmen of the day. He succeeded Seymour in the illustrations to the Pickwick Papers, and afterwards illustrated several of Charles Dickens’ other works.

PHŒNIX, pseud. [Sir Henry Martin, Bart.].

Archbishop Murray’s Douay and Rhemish Bible, &c. Lond., 1850.

PHŒNIX (John) pseud. [Captain George H. Derby].

Phœnixiana, or Sketches and Burlesques. New York, 1856. 11th edit.

The Squib Papers, with comic illustrations by the author. New York, 1865.

PHOTIUS, junior, pseud. [Sherlock, a young barrister of Dublin].

Letters on Literature. 2 vols. Brussels, 1836.

S. Redmond, N. & Q.

PINDAR (Paul) pseud. [John Yonge Akerman].

Legends of Old London. 1842.

First published in Bentley’s Miscellany.

PINDAR (Paul) pseud. [ ].

Jew-De-Bras (a Burlesque Poem). Lond., Newby [1850].

PINDAR, (Peter) pseud. [John Walcot].

The Lamentations of the Porter-Vat [occasioned by the bursting of one at Meux and Co.’s]. 1814.

The Fat Knight and the Petition; or, Bits in the Dumps. 1815.

And numerous others of the same kind. He had a number of imitators. It is said that he had a pension given him, on condition that he should write no more in abuse of the King, George III.

PINDAR (Peter) impostor [C. F. Lawler].

A poetaster of little or no art unwarrantably assumed this name, merely to deceive the public [how easily that is done sometimes, this work amply proves] and to bring profit to the writer and his bookseller.—Biog. Dict. 1816.

PINDAR (Peter) Esq., allonym [ ].

Hymn to the Virgin [Joanna Southcott].

PINDAR (Peter) allonym [ ].

A Peep behind the Curtain. 1816.

Royalty Bewitched; or, the Loves of William [Duke of Gloucester] and [the Princess] Mary. A [satirical] poem. 1816.

The Contest of Legs; or, Diplomatics in China. In a Letter from Zephaniah Bull to John Bull at home. 1817.

Bubbles of Treason, &c., &c. 1817.

The Bath Pump Room; or a Sovereign Remedy for Low Spirits. A [satirical] poem [on Queen Charlotte]. 1818.

The Disappointed Duke [of Clarence]. 1818.

PISCATOR, phrenonym [T. P. Lathy, q.v.].

PISCATOR, phren. [ ].

Practical Angler. Lond., Simpkin [Launceston, printed]. 1842.

PISCATOR, phren. [ ].

A Practical Treatise on the Choice and Cookery of Fish. 1854.

We have given these two unknown ones, lest they should be fathered on the known.

PLYMLEY (Peter) pseud. [Rev. Sydney Smith].

Letters on the Subject of the Catholics to my Brother Abraham, who lives in the Country. 21st edit. Lond., 1838.

POLYPUS, ps. [E. S. Barrett].

All the Talents. A satirical poem, in three dialogues. 1st (?) and 17th edition. Lond., 1807.

PORCUPINE (Peter) phrenonym [William Cobbett, of political celebrity].

The Rush-Light. New York, 1800.

PORCUPINE (Peter) allonym [ ].

The Pop-Gun Plot; or, Shots in the Air, &c. Lond., 1817.

P. P. C. R., pseudonym [Thomas Watts, Keeper of the Printed Books, British Museum].

Under these initials, Mr. Watts wrote letters in the Mechanic’s Magazine, 1836-7, on the British Museum Library. He has himself carried out the suggestions for the improvement of the library that he thus made. What the initials mean we do not know, though we do know that they mean something. “S. S.” [Solomon Secundus] writes about the same time on the same subject.

PRESBYTER, demonym [Samuel Henry Turner].

Strictures on Archdeacon Wilberforce’s Doctrine of the Incarnation, &c. New York, 1851.

PRESBYTER ANGLICANUS, phrenonym [J. H. Harris].

Auricular Confession not the Rule of the Church of England. 1852.

PRESBYTER CATHOLICUS, phrenonym [William Harness].

Visiting Societies and Lay Readers. Lond., 1844.

PRIOR (Samuel) pseud. [John Galt].

All the Voyages round the World ... [abridged and] ... collected by ——. Lond., 1820.

PROUT (Father) pseudonym [F. S. Mahony].

The Reliques of Father Prout.... collected and arranged by Oliver Yorke [F. S. Mahony], illustrated by A. Croquis [D. Maclise]. Lond., 1849.

PRY (Paul) pseud. [ ].

London Joke-Book, or New Bon-Mot Miscellany. Lond., J. Weston, 1835. Vignette of Paul Pry on the title-page, and underneath:

Oddities of London Life. 1838.

PSALMANAZAR (George) pseudonym.

The most extraordinary impostor on record. He himself would never divulge his real name, wishing only to be known as an impostor. So degraded and vagabondish had his life been, that he assumed the above name, and bore it with him to the grave, having faithfully kept the secret of his birth and parentage.

He is now only remembered as the author of a strange fabrication, entitled:—

An Historical and Geographical Description of Formosa, an island subject to the Emperor of Japan. Giving an account of the Religion, Customs, Manners, &c., of the Inhabitants. Together with a relation of what happen’d to the author in his Travels; particularly his Conferences with the Jesuits, and others, in several parts of Europe. Also the History and Reasons of his Conversion to Christianity, with his Objections against it (in defence of Paganism), and their Answers. To which is prefixed a Preface in vindication of himself from the reflections of a Jesuit lately come from China, with an account of what passed between them. By George Psalmanaazaar, a native of the said Island, now in London. Illustrated with several cuts. Lond. Printed for Dan Brown, at the Black Swan without Temple-Bar, &c. 1704. 8vo; 8 + xiv. + 2 + 131 + 4.

“Without having travelled out of Europe, he invented an account of an Asiatic island, and preserved sufficient consistency in his narrative to obtain for it, for a time, almost universal credence. Long after the imposture was discovered, the book was quoted as genuine, and it is admitted to carry with it an air of fact and reality, which does credit, at any rate, to the ingenuity of the author.”

But Psalmanaazaar, “who is still in England, hath long since ingenuously owned the contrary, tho’ not in so publick a manner as he might perhaps have done had not such an avowment been likely to have affected some few persons, who for private ends took advantage of his youthful vanity, to encourage him in an imposture which he might otherwise never have had the thought, much less the confidence, to have carried on. Those persons being now dead, and out of all danger of being hurt by it, he now gives us leave to assure the world that the greatest part of that account was fabulous ... and he designs to leave behind him a faithful account of that unhappy step ... to be published after his death, when there will be less reason to suspect him of having disguised or palliated the truth.”—A Complete System of Geography. By Emanuel Brown. 1747. Fol. ii. 251.

It is said that Psalmanazar himself wrote the genuine account of Formosa in the above work as a compensation for his fabrication. But in the work itself the account is acknowledged to be taken from another author who resided there, but whose account is admitted to be almost as bad as Psalmanazar’s.

But little interest now attaches to a fabrication once so famous. There was, however, a completeness about the imposture which renders it remarkable. Psalmanazar’s great difficulty was to support the character he had assumed.

There was nothing Asiatic in his appearance; he was surrounded by sceptical inquirers, and frequently puzzled with questions and objections; but his hardihood and ingenuity enabled him to maintain his ground, and baffle his most pertinacious opponents. In the narrative of his life, which, in a spirit of penitence, he drew up in after-years, he has given an interesting account of the strange adventures of his youth. For this we must refer the reader to that work, or to any of the biographical dictionaries, or to the source whence we have adopted much—namely, Mr. Lawrence’s article in Sharpe’s London Magazine.

The first edition of the remarkable romance of which we have given the full title-page was soon exhausted, and another called for. The second edition contains “a new preface, clearly answering everything that has been objected against the author and the book, and a map and a figure of an idol not in the former impression.” Many editions of the translation were published in France. In spite of its improbabilities, the book was devoutly believed. Psalmanazar was sent to Oxford, and maintained there by the Bishop of London.

The first period of Psalmanazar’s life was, as he himself confessed, sufficiently infamous: in the second he endeavoured, by sincere repentence, to atone for his youthful errors and disreputable impostures. Dr. Johnson, who at the latter period knew him well, often stated that he was the best man he had ever known, and that he would as soon have thought of contradicting a bishop as George Psalmanazar.

During the latter portion of his life he supported himself entirely by literary pursuits. He wrote part of “the Universal History.”

A Dialogue between a Japonese and a Formosan about some Points of the Religion of the Time [laid down in a book entitled The Growth of Deism]. By G. P——m——r. Lond., Lintott, 1707. 12mo; 10 + 41. 1s.

“To vindicate the Japoneses from that unjust character this part of the world is pleased to give them—viz., of being a people much given to superstition.”

Eclaircissemens nécessaires pour bien entendre ce que le Sr. N. F. D. B. R., dit être arrivé à l’Ecluse en Flandres, par rapport à la Conversion de Mr. George Psalmanaazaar, Japonois dans son livre intitulé “Description de l’Isle Formosa.” Donné au public par Isaac D’Amalvi, Pasteur de l’Eglise Wallonne de ladite Ville. A la Haye. P. Husson, 1707.

An Enquiry into the Objections against G. Psalmanazar, of Formosa, in which the accounts of the people ... are proved not to contradict his accounts; with ... map ... and the other very particular description of Formosa. To which is added G. P.’s Answer to Mons. D’Amalvy of Sluice. Lond., Lintott [1710].

Essays on the following subjects: I. ... Miracles.... II. ... Balaam’s disappointment.... III. On Jabin’s Defeat.... IV. and V., &c., &c., written some years since, at the desire, and for the use of a young clergyman in the country. By a Layman, in Town [G. Psalmanazar].... Lond., for A. Millar, 1753. 8vo.

Memoirs of * * * *, commonly known by the name of George Psalmanazar, a reputed native of Formosa. Written by himself, in order to be published after his death.... Lond., printed for the Executrix, 1764. 2nd edition, 1765, with portrait. Another edition, Dublin, 1765. 12mo.

For French translations see Quérard, La France Litt. and Les Supercheries Litt. Dévoilées.

He died on the 23rd of May, 1763, at his lodgings in Ironmonger Row, Old Street, St. Luke’s, London.

PUBLICOLA ph. [Mr. Smith wrote under this pseudonym in the Dispatch in 1838].

PUBLICOLA, ph. [John Williams].

Letters of ——, 1st series. Lond., 1840.

We have a number of other works by Publicola, all unknown.

P. W. [Rev. Pierce William Drew, Vicar of Youghal, Cork, Ireland].

An Account of the Present State of Youghal Church, &c. Cork, 1848.

J. P——r.

Q.

Q, ps. [ ]. You have heard of them. By Q. New York, Redfield. Lond., Trübner, 1854.

Q., pseud. [Edmund Yates].

Mr. Yates never wrote “Readings by Starlight” in the Evening Star, but he wrote, under this initial, about sixteen papers in the Evening Star, the continuation of which papers have borne the title of “Readings by Starlight.” 1866. See F., init.

Q IN THE CORNER, ps. [ ].

Epistles from Bath. Lond., Meyler, 1817.

Q IN THE CORNER, pseud. [ ].

Epistolatory Stanzas ... to E. Peel, Esq., with a copy of my recently-published work, entitled “The Lions of the Isle of Wight.” Hammersmith, 1851.

Q. Q., pseud. [Miss Jane Taylor].

Contributions to the Youth’s Magazine, or Evangelical Miscellany. 1816-22.

Republished 1824. 13th edition, 1866.

QUALLON, pseud. [S. H. Bradbury, Editor of the Nottingham Review]. Poetry under this signature.

QUEERFELLOW (Quintin) phren. [Charles Clark].

A Doctor’s “Do”-ings, or the entrapped Heiress of Witham. Totham, printed by Charles Clark (an amateur) at his private press, 1848.

A satirical poem. A very limited number reprinted from the suppressed edition.

QUERY (Peter) Esq., phrenonym [Martin Farquhar Tupper].

Rides and Reveries of the late Mr. Æsop Smith. Edited by ——. Lond., 1858.

QUINCE (Peter) pseud. [Isaac Story].

A Parnasian Shop, opened in the Pindaric style. [Satires in verse.] Boston, 1801.

R.

RAETZEL (W.) fictitious name. See Ternaux-Compans.

RATTLER (Morgan) an apprentice of the law, phrenonym [Percival Weldon Banks, Barrister-at-Law].

Articles in Fraser’s Magazine to the time of his death, in 1851.

RAUSSE (J. H.) pseud. [H. F. Franke].

Miscellanies to the Græfenberg Water-Cure. Translated by C. H. Meeker. New York, 1848.

R. B. J., Barrister-at-Law, Temple, init. [Jones].

The Vision of Mary; or, a Dream of Joy. Poems in honour of the Immaculate Conception. 1856. 16mo.

R. C. H. init. [Richard Colt Hoare].

Hints to Travellers in Italy. Lond., 1815.

RETNYW (Werdna) Esq. ananym [Andrew Wynter].

Odds and Ends from an Old Drawer. 1855.

Pictures of Town from my Mental Camera. 1855.

REVILO (E. B.) anastroph [Oliver Byrne].

The Creed of St. Athanasius Proved by a Mathematical Parallel. 1839.

W. B. H. Athenæum, 1864.

R. H. init. [Robert Hawker].

The Plant of Renown, &c. 1805.

The Friend that Loveth at all Times. By the author of the Brother born for Adversity. 4th edit., 1810. 24mo.

R. H. init. [Harvey].

Hymns for Young Persons. London, 1834.

R. H. init. [Robert Hobson].

The Guide to Dovedale, Ilam, and Scenes adjacent. Ashbourn, 1841.

RHYMER (Thomas) a City Bard, phrenonym [ ].

The Petition, A Poem; Being an Extract from the Record of the Transactions of a Convention held by various Animals, &c., &c. Heretofore peaceably residing within the City of Edinburgh, and expelled the said City by order of the L * * * D * * * of G * * * * [Lord Dean of Guild]. The whole turned into English metre. By ——. Edin., 1806.

RIDDELL (Mr.) fictitious name. See Ternaux-Compans.

RINGLETUB (Jeremiah) pseud. [John Styles].

The Legend of the Velvet Cushion, in a series of Letters to my Brother Jonathan, who lives in the Country. 1815.

This is a Reply to “the Velvet Cushion. By the Rev. J. W. Cunningham, A.M. 1814.”

In the same year was published *“A New Covering to the Velvet Cushion, Lond., Gale & Co.,” by Dr. F. A. Cox, D.D., LL.D., of Hackney.

See N. & Q., 2 s. x. xi.

RIPON (John Scott) geonym [John Scott Byerley, of Ripon, York].

Buonaparte; or, the Freebooter. A Drama. Lond., 1803.

ROCHESTER (Mark) pseud. [William Charles Mark Kent, poet and journalist].

The Derby Ministry. A series of Cabinet Sketches. Lond., 1858. A Duplicate, with a new title-page, put forth in 1866, as “Lives of Eminent Statesmen,” &c.

ROCK (Captain) pseudo-titlonym [Thomas Moore].

Memoirs of ——, the celebrated Irish Chieftain, with some Account of his Ancestors. Written by himself. Lond., 1824, and Paris, 1824.

Captain Rock Detected. By a Munster Farmer [ ]. Lond., 1824.

ROCK (Captain) pseudo-titlonym [Roger O’Connor].

Letters to His Majesty King George the Fourth. Lond., 1828.

ROCKINGHAM (Sir Charles) French pseudo-titlonym [Le Comte de Jarnac de Rohan-Chabot].

Le Dernier d’Egremont. Paris, 1851. 2 vols.

J. M. Q.

ROCKINGHAM (Sir Charles) pseudo-titlonym [ ].

Cécile; or, the Pervert. By ——, &c., author of Rockingham, Love and Ambition, &c., &c. Lond., Colburn and Co., 1851.

RODENBERG (Julius von) German pseud. [Julius Levy].

The Island of the Saints, a Pilgrimage through Ireland (translated from the German by Sir F. C. L. Wraxall). Lond., 1861.

RODMAN (Ella) abbre. [Eliza Rodman McIllvane, afterwards Church].

Several works, see Allibone Dict. of Eng. Lit.

ROWLEY (T.) apocryph. See Chatterton (Thomas).

R. P. init. [Robert Paltock]. See Wilkins (Peter) apocryph.