INDEX

INDEX

A

Administration (see Hsien; Scholastic bureaucracy; and Yüan system)

Agrarian problems, 115ff.

Aircraft, military, 108ff.

Anfu party, after 1916, 47, 157

Armies, under the Han, 83ff.; Manchu period, 86ff.; Nationalist, 105ff.; national, 110ff.; tuchünal, 104ff.

B

Barga Mongol Soviet Republic, 185

Borodin, Michael, 53, 162

Boxer uprising, 95, 117

Buddhism, 24, 131

C

Canton governments (established by Sun in opposition to the Peking Republic), 156ff., 160ff.

Canton-Moscow entente (see Nationalist-Communist coalition)

Capitalism, 46, 69

Chan Kuo epoch, 473-221 B.C., 15ff., 82

Chang Chung-chang, the Dog-Meat General, 103

Chang Hsüeh-liang, 1898- (ex-tuchün of Manchuria, son of Chang Tso-lin), 108

Chang Hsün (monarchist tuchün), 156

Chang Tso-lin, 1876-1928 (tuchün of Manchuria), 103ff., 158, 168

Charioteers (Chou period), 80ff.

Ch'en Tu-hsiu, 1879- (excommunicated Communist leader), 65

Chiang K'ai-shek [Chiang Chieh-shih], 1888- (military heir to Sun Yat-sen; educated in Japan, further trained by Russians, advised by Germans; leading general in China after 1927, and outstanding figure in the National Government), 52, 105ff., 122, 164, 182

Ch'in Shih Huang Ti, 259-210 B.C. (king of Ch'in, legalist, despot, unifier, conquered all China by 221 B.C.), 80ff., 128ff.

Chinese Soviet Republic (established in Kiangsi, 1931; merged with National Government, 1937), 66, 182ff.

Ch'ing dynasty (see Manchu dynasty)

Chinputang (Progressive Party), 151

Chou, Duke of (died 1105 B.C.[?]; semi-historic state founder), 127

Chou dynasty, 1122(?)-256 B.C., 14ff., 80ff., 127ff.

Christianity, 48ff.

Chu Hsi, 1130-1200 (Sung philosopher; interpreter of Confucianism), 16

Ch'un Ch'iu epoch, 770-473 B.C., 15, 81, 128

Communism, 51ff., 63ff., 72ff., 182ff.

Communist Party, 54ff., 68, 182ff.

Concessions, foreign, 140

Confucius [K'ung Ch'iu], 551-479 B.C. (China's most important philosopher, spent his life teaching, with intervals of practical administration), 15ff., 128

Constitutions: Constitution of 1923, 158; Constitutional Compact, 1914, 153; Draft Constitution, 1937, 181; Nanking Organic Law, 1928, 172; Nanking Provisional Constitution, 1931, 172; Provisional Constitution of 1912, 148ff.

Council of State (see Yüan system)

Customs, Maritime, 159

D

Democracy (see San Min Chu I)

Double Ten Day, 145

E

Emperor, in old China, 18ff., 130ff.

Empress Dowager Tzuŭ Hsi [Yeho-nola], 1835-1908 (actual ruler of China in the latter days of the Ch'ing), 141

Extraterritoriality, 140

F

Family system, 3, 136ff.

Federal Revolutionary Government, 1932-1933 (Foochow), 184ff.

Fêng Yü-hsiang, 1880- (the Christian general, later pro-Soviet, joined the Nationalists, revolted in 1930, took part in anti-Japanese agitation), 103ff.

Feudalism, 80ff.

Foreign Office, 139, 159

G

Genyosha (ultra-patriotic Japanese group), 71

George, Henry, 118

Goodnow, Professor Frank, 154

Gordon, Charles George, 1833-1885 (British commander of the Ever-Victorious Army), 93

H

Han dynasty, 202 B.C.-A.D. 220, 82ff., 116, 129

Han Lin (Imperial Academy), 130, 177

Hsia dynasty, 2205(?)-1765(?) B.C., 13

Hsien (district) system, 178ff.

Hsüan T'ung (last Manchu emperor of China; abdicated in his boyhood; now Kang Têh, Emperor of Manchoukuo), 156, 186

Hu Han-min, 1886-1937 (leader, Right Kuomintang), 59

Hu Shih, 1891- (philosopher, literary critic, language reformer), 76

Huang Hsing (early military leader of Republicans), 96

Hui (guild, league) system, 3, 136ff.

Hundred Days, the (see Reform Movement)

I

Ideology (see San Min Chu I)

Imperialism, 119ff.

Islam, 24ff., 94

Islamistan, 184

J

Japanese-Chinese conflict, 34, 69ff., 74, 122ff., 154, 188ff.

"Japanese Monroe Doctrine," 70

Joffe, Adolf (Soviet agent in China), 51ff., 161ff.

K

K'ang Yu-wei, 1856-1928 (monarchical reformer), 140

Kuang Hsü, Emperor, 1871-1908 (modernist and reformer), 95, 140ff.

Kublai Khan, 1214-1294 (emperor, Yüan dynasty), 88

K'ung, H. H. [K'ung Hsiang-hsi], 1881- (industrial and financial administrator; Kuomintang leader), 60

Kuomintang, 31ff., 38ff., 50ff., 57ff., 72ff., 161ff., 167ff.

L

Lao Tzŭ, traditionally 6th century B.C. (founder of Taoism, mystical philosophy antistate in effect), 24, 128

Li Hung-chang, 1822-1901 (Ch'ing viceroy), 92, 142

Li Yüan-hung (military opportunist; once President), 146, 155

Linebarger, Judge Paul (adviser to Sun Yat-sen), 161

Local government (see Hsien)

M

Manchoukuo, 28, 72, 185ff.

Manchu (Ch'ing) dynasty, 1644-1911, 32, 86ff., 135ff.

Mandarins (see Scholastic bureaucracy)

Marxism (see Communism)

Mêngkokuo, 185

Militarism (see Armies; Tuchünism)

Min shêng (see San Min Chu I)

Ming dynasty, A.D. 1368-1643, 17, 85

Missionaries (see Christianity)

Mohammedanism (see Islam)

Municipal government, 181

N

Nanking government (see National Government of China; "Reformed Government")

National Government of China (Nanking, 1927-1937; inland thereafter), 114, 164, 167ff.

Nationalism (see San Min Chu I)

Nationalist-Communist coalition 1923-1927, 54ff., 161ff.

Nationalist Government at Nanking (see National Government of China)

"Nationalist Government" of Peking, 1930-1931 (rebellious coalition of Northern tuchüns and Left Kuomintang; suppressed), 59, 107

Nationalist Government, soviet in form (Canton, 1925-1926; Wu-han, 1926-1927), 162ff.

Nationalists (see Kuomintang)

New Life movement, 61

O

Opportunist movements, 44ff.

Outer Mongol People's Republic, 185ff.

Overseas Chinese, 35ff.

P

Pan-Asianism, 47, 70ff.

Pan-Mongolism, 47

Parliamentary Republic at Peking, 1912-1928, 114ff., 149ff., 157ff.

Party Congress, Kuomintang, 170ff.

Political doctrines, Sun Yat-sen's, 41ff.

Pro-Japanese movements, 47

Propaganda, 23ff.

Provincial government, 134, 177ff.

"Provisional Government" at Peking, 1937- , 186

Provisional Government of the United Provinces of China, Nanking, 1911-1912, 146

R

Red Army, Chinese, 107, 182ff.

Reform Movement, Manchu, 140ff.

"Reformed Government" at Nanking, 1938- , 186

Republicans (see Kuomintang)

Revolution, doctrine of, 59, 162; of 1911-1912 [the Republican Revolution], 38, 97ff., 145ff.; of 1926-1927 [the Great Revolution], 55, 105ff., 168

Revolutionists (see Kuomintang)

S

Salt Revenue Administration, 159ff.

San Min Chu I (the philosophy of Sun Yat-sen, since 1927 the official state dogma of China), 36, 41ff., 59ff., 72ff., 120, 167ff.

Scholastic bureaucracy, 5, 86, 129ff., 188

Settlements, foreign, 140

Shang dynasty, 1765(?)-1123(?) B.C., 14, 80, 126

Shih Huang Ti (see Ch'in Shih Huang Ti)

Siam, 69

Sian, kidnaping of Chiang K'ai-shek at, 62, 66ff.

Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, 34

Soong, T. V. [Sung Tzŭ-wen], 1894- (brother-in-law of Sun Yat-sen; Kuomintang leader; finance administrator), 59ff., 121

Soviet Republic, Chinese (see Chinese Soviet Republic)

Soviet Russia (see Nationalist-Communist coalition)

Sun K'ê [Sun Fo], 1891- (son of Sun Yat-sen; Kuomintang leader; railway administrator), 59ff.

Sun Yat-sen [Sun I-hsien; Sun Wên], 1867(?)-1925 (agitated for a republic; first President, 1912; author of the San Min Chu I; elected Leader, Tsung-li, of the Kuomintang; known after death as Chung Shan), 31ff.

Sun Yat-sen, Mme., 59

Sung Chiao-jen, Nationalist, 152

Sung dynasty, A.D. 960-1279, 1, 16

T

Taikwa reforms, 645 A.D., 132

T'ai-p'ing rebellion, 1849-1865 (Christian agrarian jacquerie), 32ff., 117

T'ang dynasty, A.D. 620-906, 1, 85, 132ff.

Tannu-Tuva People's Republic, 185

Taoism (see Lao Tzŭ)

Toa-shugi [Far-Easternism], 71

Treaties, with Western states, 48, 139ff.

Treaty ports, 140

Tsao Kun (Northern tuchün), 103

Tsêng Kuo-fan, 1811-1872 (Ch'ing viceroy), 82

Tuan Chi-jui (Northern tuchün; once President), 103

Tuchünism, 45ff., 76ff., 107ff., 114ff., 157

Tungpei troops (Chinese soldiers exiled from Manchuria), 67

U

United Front policy, 1937- , 60, 67ff., 72ff., 184

V

Village system, 3, 136ff.

W

Wang Ch'ing-wei, 1885- (leader, Left Kuomintang), 59

Wang Mang, 33 B.C.-A.D. 23 (Utopian who usurped the throne, dividing early and later Han), 17

War, in Chinese thought, 79

War lord (see Tuchünism)

Ward, Frederick Townsend, 1831-1862 (American adventurer in Manchu service), 93

Whampoa Military Academy, 105

Wu Chih-hui, 1864- (Kuomintang leader with anarchist leanings), 59

Wu P'ei-fu (tuchün of the Yangtze valley), 28, 103ff.

Wu-han regime (see Nationalist Government, soviet in form)

Y

Yellow Turbans, 3rd century A.D. (farmer rebels), 63

Yen Hsi-shan, 1881- (the "Model Governor"; Northern tuchün who joined the Nationalists, revolted in 1930, subsequently retired), 103

Yen, Dr. James [Yen Yang-chu], 1894- (mass-education leader), 76

Yüan Shih-k'ai, 1859-1916 (administrator, soldier, politician; served the Manchus, leading in army modernization; became President, attempted usurpation, failed, and died), 38, 44, 94ff., 146ff.

Yüan system (five-fold division of powers), 172ff.

Transcriber's Notes: Obvious errors in spelling have been silently corrected.