Part 8 — CHAPTER XXXIV READING FOR YOUR OWN COUNTRY

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ENGLISH LITERATURE AND ITS BRANCHES

Most of us, no matter where we may happen to live, are not far away from a newspaper office. We may walk down a village street and stop at the door of a building where a newspaper is published, or we may drive in from the farm, and see a printing press through the open door of the same office. Perhaps it is an old-fashioned printing establishment where type is still set by hand; good printing often is taken from hand-set type. Or some of you may pass, day by day, a newspaper building in a town or city where the latest machinery is constantly at work on edition after edition of a daily newspaper.

We know without being told that newspapers form one of the great channels of communication in the modern world. To learn how to read a newspaper in the best way is something we can do for our own good, for the place in which we live, for the country round about, our own country and nation, and so on in ever-widening circles.

Newspapers possess a special fascination for almost everyone. We like to look in through the windows of a newspaper building and see the machinery moving rapidly. It is exciting to watch the great sheets being folded and coming off the presses. Perhaps you know a young man or woman who is a reporter; possibly some day you will be a reporter yourself. It is worth spending time trying to understand all that a newspaper means.

If we know anything about the way in which news is gathered, written, and printed, we know that sometimes news will be inaccurate, because newspaper work is done with speed. The work of a daily newspaper is to provide its readers with the day's news, and this must be accomplished quickly, or it will be to-morrow before we know where we are. It is the pride of a newspaper to publish correct news, as far as that is possible. But when we read a newspaper we must make allowance for the fact that some of the news is an estimate of what happened, rather than a statement of the absolutely true details of what has happened. Yet it is astonishing, considering all the circumstances, how few mistakes there are in newspapers.

We read newspapers to be well informed; to know how to relate ourselves to the life about us; and to find out what has happened that particularly concerns us in many different ways, as, for instance, in sports and games, schools and education, business and employment, about our neighbours and companions, politics and public affairs, even the hobbies in which we are interested, flower shows, cattle shows, sales of stamps, puzzles, jokes, wireless news, discoveries, inventions, explorations. By reading a good newspaper in the right way we keep in touch with current history.

There are other periodical publications, besides daily newspapers, weeklies and many monthly magazines, each of which has its own use and purpose. Some of these publications we may need to read, according to what our interests are. These you can choose for yourselves, as you grow older.

What is known as literature, writing of permanent value and beauty, not technical or scientific, but of general interest, as a rule finds its way into books. The time has come now when we can consider for a moment how many different literatures there are in the world.

Some writers belonging to literatures of countries other than our own, by this time you can name for yourselves. You know that there was a great Greek literature, a Latin literature, and Hebrew literature. The first name that comes into your minds belonging to Greek literature is Homer. Virgil was one of the great writers of Latin literature. The Bible is Hebrew literature. Dante's work is found in Italian literature; Cervantes' in Spanish literature; Goethe's in German literature; Dumas' work and Victor Hugo's and the work of a number of other writers belong to French literature. There are famous Russian novelists. Hans Andersen was a Dane. Maeterlinck is a Belgian. The Arabian Nights, in origins at least, takes us to countries as far away as China, India, Persia, and Egypt. All these literatures come into our lives and into the lives of other people, and so we understand how famous books help to bind the world together.

English literature is one of the great literatures of the world. If it pleases us to do so, we can count that it begins in the times of the Anglo-Saxons. Even if we take Chaucer as the first great name in English literature, this means that for six hundred years, famous, glorious books in poetry, story, drama, history, and other styles of composition, have been produced at intervals, but in an unbroken succession, in the literature which we can call our own.

English literature, as you know, includes the work of English, Scottish and Irish writers. If we think of English literature as a tree, one of its branches, which comes from the same root, is American literature. Other branches of this tree are the literatures of Canada, Australia, South Africa, and the work of writers in India who publish their books in the English language, known as Anglo-Indian literature. As you know, all these literatures, with the exception of American literature, belong to the nations of the British Empire. Kipling was thinking of the nations of the Empire when he called one of his books The Five Nations.

Some day you may find out for yourselves how many names you can remember of writers belonging to English literature, then any you know belonging to the branch literatures of Canada, Australia, South Africa and Anglo-India, and to American literature.

There are few lists in the world as splendid as the long roll of great writers in English literature. It is worth while learning the most famous names by heart. Numbers of these writers you know already. Many people find the greatest enjoyment they have from books in English literature.

The names of some of the most distinguished American writers are Emerson, Thoreau, Mark Twain, Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, Edgar Allan Poe, Fenimore Cooper, Longfellow, Parkman, Motley, and Washington Irving; many critics would add the name of Emily Dickinson. There are a number of interesting books in which you can read of American literature. A librarian will help you to choose one of them.

Names belonging to Australian and New Zealand literature are Henry Kingsley, Adam Lindsay Gordon, Kendall, Domett, Rolf Boldrewood, Lawson, Stephens, Louis Becke, Browne, Collins, Farjeon, Ada Cambridge, and Mrs. Campbell Praed. Katherine Mansfield was born in New Zealand and the lady sometimes known as "Elizabeth", Countess Russell, in Australia. You may find in a library articles on the writers of Australia and New Zealand. Someone might read aloud to you from an anthology of Australian verse.

South Africa has not had long to establish a literature. One well-known South African name is that of Olive Schreiner. Others are Pringle, Bell, Mrs. Millin, and a young poet, Roy Campbell. A collection of English South African poetry is called The Treasury of South African Poetry and Verse.

Many Canadians have written poetry and verse in which are true descriptions of nature and the spirit of nature in Canada. Some Canadian poets' names you will have learned already: Roberts, Carman, Lampman, Campbell, Scott, Isabella Valancy Crawford, Marjorie Pickthall, W. H. Drummond, whose habitant poems abound in humour and the delineation of character, two poets who served in the War, John McCrae and Bernard Trotter, Wilson MacDonald, and E. J. Pratt, a native of Newfoundland, the oldest dominion in the Empire. Other names you will find mentioned in several good anthologies. Haliburton was a humorist. The most widely read Canadian humorist of the present day is Mr. Stephen Leacock. Joseph Howe was a writer, an orator and statesman. The Golden Dog, by William Kirby, is a famous Canadian novel. Other novel writers are Miss Lily Dougall, Mrs. Cotes, Miss Mazo de la Roche, Sir Gilbert Parker, "Ralph Connor", Norman Duncan, Miss L. M. Montgomery. A number of writers of Canadian fiction are doing work to-day which may become eminent. There are writers in French Canada, both of prose and poetry. Canadian historians, English and French, have accomplished good work. The two series, Makers of Canada and Chronicles of Canada, contain histories which are well worth reading.

Here is a list of readings from Canadian literature, chapters from a few novels, poems from books of poetry, short stories, two fairy tales, two speeches by Canadian statesmen, a short history. These may guide you to books which you may enjoy. In addition, we should read William Kirby's novel, The Golden Dog. It is interesting to remember that Miss Pauline Johnson, whose poetical gift was undoubted, was a Canadian Mohawk Indian.

"How Rabbit Deceived Fox" and "Sparrow's Search for the Rain", from Canadian Fairy Tales, by Cyrus Macmillan.

Beautiful Joe, by Marshall Saunders.

"In the Big Haycart" and "Calling the Cows", from Chez Nous, by Adjutor Rivard, translated by W. H. Blake.

"The Freedom of the Black-Faced Ram" from The Watchers of the Trails, by C. G. D. Roberts.

"Privilege of the Limits" from Old Man Savarin Stories, by E. W. Thomson.

"The Scarlet Hunter", from Pierre and His People; and When Valmond Came to Pontiac, by Sir Gilbert Parker.

Chapter One, from The Imperialist, by Mrs. Cotes.

"Aunt Thankful and Her Room", from Wise Saws and Modern Instances, Vol. II, Chap. 4, by Thomas Chandler Haliburton.

"The Marine Excursion of the Knights of Pythias", from Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town, by Stephen Leacock.

"O Love Builds on the Azure Sea", from Malcolm's Katie, by Isabella Valancy Crawford.

"Where the Cattle Come to Drink" and "The Potato Harvest", from Songs of the Common Day, by C. G. D. Roberts.

"The Frogs" and "Why Do You Call the Poet Lonely?" from The Poems of Archibald Lampman.

"How One Winter Came in the Lake Region" and "How Spring Came", from Lake Lyrics, by W. W. Campbell.

"The Ships of St. John" and "The Grave Tree", from Poems, by Bliss Carman.

"Heart of Gold" and "Madame Tarte", from Later Poems and New Villanelles, by S. Frances Harrison.

"Elizabeth Speaks", and "A Legend of Christ's Nativity", from Lundy's Lane and Other Poems, by Duncan Campbell Scott.

"The Habitant", "Little Bateese", "De Bell of Saint Michel", and "Little Lac Grenier", from The Poetical Works of W. H. Drummond.

"The Song My Paddle Sings", from Flint and Feather, by E. Pauline Johnson.

"Bega", "The Immortal", "The Shepherd Boy", from The Complete Poems of Marjorie L. C. Pickthall.

"A Song of Better Understanding", from The Song of The Prairie Land, by Wilson MacDonald.

"The Shark", from Newfoundland Verse, by E. J. Pratt.

Speech in Hants, 1844, from The Speeches and Public Letters of Joseph Howe, Chap. X. ed. by J. A. Chisholm.

"Political Liberalism", Quebec City, 1877, and "Death of Sir John Macdonald", House of Commons, 1891, Speeches by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.

A Canadian Manor and Its Seigneurs, by George M. Wrong.

AFTERWORD

The name of this chapter, Afterword, seems as if it were an ending. But some endings in reality are beginnings. We all know the look of a catalogue of seeds, with its brilliantly coloured flowers. This book, which belongs to you, in one sense is like a seedsman's catalogue. The true delight of gardening is in choosing the seeds, digging, fertilizing and smoothing the garden till it is ready for sowing and planting. Then we look forward to the first green leaves, flowers, and fruits. There is an infinite deal to learn about gardens, and the seedsman's catalogue is only the beginning. This book is the beginning of the voyage of discovery in the world of your own books.

Because we have spoken in the preceding chapters almost wholly of writers and books, we should take care not to place too much emphasis on writing as an occupation. The world owes much to the writers of great books,—happiness, inspiration, enjoyment, wisdom which we may take from them if we will, learning, and at all times, unending entertainment.

But how many other people there are in the world to whom we owe love and gratitude: soldiers, sailors, explorers, inventors, statesmen, law-givers, physicians, discoverers, scientists, preachers, teachers, evangelists, missionaries, fathers, mothers, all the men and women who make our streets, build our houses, bake our bread, bring us food, make our clothes, sell us what we need, look after the finances of the world, manage our railways and run the trains, fly in airships, and of great importance in their occupation, men and women who grow food as farmers. Still, we dearly love good books and great writers.

No one should read all the time, for people are more important than books. Yet it would be a pity for any boy or girl not to read at all. Francis Bacon, the essayist, of whom we learned a very little in the chapter on essays and essayists, says in one of his writings: "Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man."

Bacon means by the first part of this saying that a man who does not read at all is sometimes empty-minded, while a man who reads well has many thoughts in his mind, good, sweet and profitable. If Bacon were in the world to-day, and noticed, as he would be certain to notice, for Bacon was a most observant man, how much time some people spend in reading, he might have added a sentence saying that continual reading may keep people from thinking. Rightly used, books are an aid in teaching us how to think.

There are many books which have not been mentioned in these pages, some of them famous, many of them delightful, important or amusing. Some of these books you will find for yourselves as time goes on; some you may know already. Perhaps you may have wondered why nothing has been said of this or that book. But it is true that there is always an individual choice in books, as in other things. You will find—and love—your own books, the books which belong to you. To discover one's own books for one's self is a great adventure.

Some of you may be specially interested in French literature; and, presently, you will read the works of the great French dramatist Molière, one of whose characters is the famous Monsieur Jourdain, who had spoken prose all his life without knowing it. Balzac and Flaubert are two other names among a multitude of French writers. The literatures of other countries offer us reading which many people enjoy greatly.

Numbers of fine books are continually being produced by writers in English. English novels especially make good reading. Among writers of a comparatively recent date who have not been mentioned are John Ruskin, Walter Pater, Henry James, an American, Anthony Trollope, William Morris, George Du Maurier, William de Morgan, and many others. Certainly, if you can find time, read the witty, entertaining Irish stories of two ladies, E. OE. Somerville and Martin Ross, especially their first book, Some Experiences of an Irish R. M.

Then there are modern writers, writers of your own day. Remember that a library is an excellent place in which to obtain advice and help in reading, especially in choosing modern books. There are many modern novelists, critics, and dramatists, as well as poets, whose work is well known. Some names are: Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Arnold Bennett, Quiller-Couch, Max Beerbohm, John Galsworthy, Anthony Hope, W. W. Jacobs, Booth Tarkington, Willa Cather, Norman Douglas, H. M. Tomlinson, Clemence Dane, Virginia Woolf, George Moore, Hugh Walpole, May Sinclair, Mary Webb, E. M. Delafield,, James Stephens, Henry Williamson and J. C. Squire, as well as others whose names you will add to the list when you read their books. Such writers as Katherine Mansfield and W. H. Hudson have left work which belongs to the present day, and may last for generations.

Great books are sometimes difficult to read, but when we conquer a great book we have discovered a new country, and enjoy the reward of the discoverer. It is a matter of choice whether we learn how to read great books that are difficult; but to read well is always a good choice.

We should never forget, however, that one of the principles of good reading is to read books in which we find pleasure. We will grow most successfully in this way along the lines of our own natural tastes and inclinations. So if we prefer history, let us read history; and biography, if this reading gives us most pleasure. In the same way, following each his or her own special preference, we may choose mechanics, invention, exploration, travel, science, architecture, art, music, poetry, essays, criticism, or books which will help us in the study of human nature. Books on the betterment of the world and on social conditions, books about homes and home life, are important.

Some people obtain most benefit from reading a very few books carefully, while others read many books. There are people, often of great value to the world, who are not as much interested in books as they are in action. They prefer travelling to reading of travels; and would choose to build a bridge, or climb a mountain, rather than read history or poetry. The French have a proverb which says, Chacun à son gôut, which means each to his own taste; and this is true in books as it is in other things.

Do you remember the list of books in Chapter twenty-eight, on Reading for What You Want To Be, many of them biographies? Some day, when you have an opportunity, ask permission to look over the books in the working library of some man or woman who is following the occupation with attracts you most. We can learn a great deal from the attentive study of such a library. Presently, you may begin to collect your own library. The best way to do this is slowly, with taste, discrimination and care. There is great enjoyment in buying, one by one, the books you care for most; and so, almost before you know what is happening, you will have a library of your own. Which book would you choose first to buy for your own library? Sometimes, in looking through the library of a friend, we may find the very first book bought by the owner of the library when he was a boy, or when the owner was a girl, as the case may be.

One of the pleasures of reading is to read according to times and seasons: To read books of out-of-doors on winter evenings, as well as books of adventure; to read poetry in summer, when we can spend much time under the sky. But those who love poetry, read it all through the year. We may read essays and biography when we are lonely and long for companionship. Novels are constantly enjoyable; a good novel tells us much about human nature.

One of the most beautiful seasons for reading is at Christmas time. Year by year, we may read the story of the shepherds in Saint Luke, ballads of Christmas, A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, and Milton's great "Hymn on the Morning of Christ's Nativity". Reading of this character deepens our happiness.

By such means as these we come to recognize good reading, and can test all books by the great books we have read.

INDEX

Abbess Hilda, 185

Abercrombie, Lascelles, 236

Achilles, 86-7

Adam Bede, 159, 196

Addison, Joseph, 186, 212

Aeneid, The, 134

Aesop, 90-1

Agamemnon, King, 86

Agrippa, King, 168

Ainger, Canon, 210

Aladdin, 94

Alcinous, 88

"Alexander's Feast", 233

Ali Baba, 94

Alice in Wonderland, 97-9, 101

Amiens, 40

"Ancient Mariner, The", 228-9

Andersen, Hans, 93, 243

Anne of Austria, 60

Anne of Geierstein, 25

Antony and Cleopatra, 44

Antiquary, The, 25-6

Antonio, 35

Aphrodite, 85

Apollo, 86

Apollyon, 144

Arabian Nights, The, 93, 243

Aramis, 60-1

Arden, Mary, 42

Argonauts, The, 88

Ariel, 36-7

Arnold, Matthew, 214, 246

Around Home, 196

Arthur, King, 94-6

As You Like It, 43

Athos, 60-1

Aunt Polly, 81

Austen, Jane, 154-7, 187

Aytoun, W. E., 123

Bacon, Francis, 211, 250

Bagheera, 104

Ballad of the Red Harlaw, 27

Ballads, 65

Baloo, 104

Balzac, Honoré, 251

Barnaby Rudge, 3, 7

Barrie, James Matthew, 107, 187

Bates, Mrs. and Miss, 155

"Battle of Otterbourne, The", 112-4, 166

Baucis, 88

Bayly, Harry, 169

Beatrice, 133-5

Beaufort, Duc de, 61

Beaumains, 95

Becke, Louis, 245

Beerbohm, Max, 252

Bell, 245

Bennet, Mr., 155-6

Bennett, Arnold, 252

Beowulf, 185

Berners, Lord, 167

Bernice, Queen, 168

Bible, The, 48-56, 243

Bible, Authorized Version, 54

Binyon, Laurence, 236

Biographia Literaria, 214

Black Knight, The, 24

Blackmore, Richard Doddridge, 70

Black Panther, The, 104

Blake, William, 18, 19

Bleak House, 4, 8

Blue Beard, 92

Blue Bird, The, 106

Blunden, Edmund, 236

Boffin, Mr., 8, 20, 181

Boldrewood, Rolf, 245

Bones, Billy, 64

Books of Georgian Poetry, 236

Borrow, George, 76-8

Boswell, James, 188-93

Bragelonne, Vicomte de, 60

Brandes, Georg, 214

Bride of Lammermoor, The, 25

Bridges, Robert, 236

British North America Act, 178

Brontë, Anne, 160

Brontë, Branwell, 160

Brontë, Charlotte, 160-1

Brontë, Emily, 160-1, 236

Brontë, Patrick, 160

Brooke, Rupert, 236

Browne, 245

Browning, Robert, 218, 230, 233-5

Browning, Mrs., 218, 236

Brutus, 46

Buchan, John, 116, 191

Bunyan, John, 142-6, 186

Burke, Edmund, 175, 186

Burney, Fanny, 218

Burns, Robert, 196

Burton, Sir Richard, 206

Butcher, S. H., 88

Byron, Lord, 230, 233-4

Caedmon, 185

Caliban, 36

Cambridge, Ada, 245

Campbell, Roy, 245

Canterbury Tales, The, 169-71, 231

Carleton, Will, 196

Carlyle, Jane Welsh, 218

Carlyle, Thomas, 183

Carman, Bliss, 246

Caroline, Queen, 27

Carroll, Lewis, 99, 101

Cary, Rev. H. F., 134

Castlewood, Lady, 149

Cather, Willa, 252

Catriona, 65

Caxton, 94, 186

Cedric, 24

Cervantes, 136-9, 141, 157, 243

Charles I, 182

Charpentier, Miss, 30

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 44, 169-71, 185, 230-1

"Chevy Chase", 112, 166

Child Rowland, 226-7

Child's Garden of Verse, A, 65

Chingachgook, 80

Christmas Carol, A, 4, 7, 13, 254

Christian, 142-6

Christiana, 146

Christopher Robin, 101

Chronicles, (Froissart), 167-8

Chronicles of Canada, 246

Churchill, Lord Randolph, 195

Cinderella, 92

Clemens, Samuel, 82

Clio, 172

Cobden, Richard, 176

Cochrane, Lord, 72

Cockburn, Lord, 32

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 210, 212-3, 218, 228-9, 230, 233

Collins, 245

Columbus, Christopher, 202

Confederation Act, 178

Connor, Ralph, 246

Conspiracy of Pontiac, The, 183

Cook, James, 203-5

Cooper, James Fenimore, 78-80, 245

Cotes, Mrs., 246

"Cotter's Saturday Night, The", 196

Coverley, Sir Roger de, 212

Cowper, William, 122, 215-6

Cratchit, Bob, 7

Cratchits, The, 17

Crawford, Isabella Valancy, 246

Crawley, Rawdon, 149

Curly, 107

Cuttle, Captain, 8

Cymbeline, 44, 46

Dale, Laetitia, 150

Dan, 105

Dana, Richard Henry, 73

Dandie Dinmont, 195

Dane, Clemence, 252

Daniel Deronda, 160

Dante, 133-6, 141, 202, 243

Darling, John, 107

Darling, Michael, 107

Darling, Wendy, 107

d'Artagnan, 59-61

David Balfour, 65

David Copperfield, 3, 6, 7, 9, 13

Davies, W. H., 236

Deans, Jeanie, 25, 27

Debits and Credits, 157

Defoe, Daniel, 68-70, 186

Delafield, E. M., 252

de la Mare, Walter, 236-7

de la Roche, Mazo, 246

de Morgan, William, 251

Dhu, Sir Roderick, 118-9

Diana of the Crossways, 150-1

Dickens, Charles, 3-20, 171-2, 187, 195, 218, 254

Dickinson, Emily, 236, 245

Dictionary of Modern English Usage, 221, 232

Discovery of the Great West, 183

Divine Comedy, The, 133-6

Djali, 63

Dobbin, Major, 149

Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge, 99

Dombey and Son, 4, 7, 8, 14

Dombey, Florence, 7-8

Dombey, Paul, 8

Domett, 245

Don Quixote, 136-9

Doone, Carver, 71

Dorritt, Mr., 14

Dougall, Lily, 246

Douglas, Ellen, 118-9

Douglas, Earl of, 113, 118, 167

Douglas, Norman, 252

"Do You Ask What the Birds Say?", 233

Dulcinea, 137

Dumas, Alexandre, 59-62, 243

Du Maurier, George, 251

Duncan, Norman, 246

Dundonald, Earl of, 72

Drake, Sir Francis, 105

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 66

Drummond, W. H., 246

Dryden, John, 186, 230-1, 233

Dynasts, The, 153

"Edinburgh After Flodden", 123

Edward III, 167

Edwin Drood, 4

Egoist, The, 150-1

Eliot, George, 196, 157-60

Elizabeth, Queen, 23, 184

"Elizabeth", 245

Elizabeth and Essex, 184

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 245

Emma, 154-6

Esmeralda, 63

Esmond, 149

Esmond, Beatrix, 149

Essays of Elia, The, 210

Evangelist, 142

Evans, Mary Ann, 159

Evelyn, John, 218

"Eve of St. Agnes, The", 233-4

Faery Queen, The, 139-41, 231

Faggis, Tom, 71

Fair Maid of Perth, The, 25

Fairservice, Andrew, 22

Faithful, 143-4

Farjeon, 245

Faust, 141

Feenix, Cousin, 8

Felix Holt, 160

Festus, 168

Fielding, Henry, 157, 186

Fitzgerald, Edward, 218

Fitz-James, James, 118-9

Five Nations, The, 244

Flaubert, Gustave, 251

Flecker, James Elroy, 228, 236

Flibbertigibbet, 23

Forster, John, 10, 194

Fortunes of Nigel, The, 25

Foster, Anthony, 23

Foster, Janet, 23

Fowler, H. W., 232, 221

Friday, 69

Froissart, Sir John, 167-8

Frollo, Claude, 63

Frontenac and New France Under Louis XIV, 183

Galland, Antoine, 93

Gallipoli, 185

Galsworthy, John, 252

Gamp, Sairey, 7

Gareth of Orkney, 95

Garland, Hamlin, 196

Garrick, David, 186, 192

Genesis, 48

Giant Despair, 144

Gibbon, Edward, 181, 186

Gibson, W. W., 236

Gilpin, John, 122-3

Gitche Manito, 126

Gladstone, William Ewart, 195

Goethe, 141, 243

Golden Age, The, 99-100

Golden Dog, The, 74, 246

"Golden Road to Samarkand, The", 228

Golden Treasury of English Verse, 236

Goldsmith, Oliver, 186, 192

Gonzalo, 35-7

Gordon, Adam Lindsay, 245

Graeme, Malcolm, 119

Grahame, Kenneth, 99-100

Gray, Thomas, 218

Great Charter, The, 177

Great Expectations, 8, 4

Great-heart, Mr., 146

Green, John Richard, 183

Greville, Charles, 218

Grimm, Jacob and William, 92

Gringoire, Pierre, 63

Gudule, 63

Guedalla, Philip, 184

Gummidge, Mrs., 7

Gurth, 24

Guy Mannering, 195

Hall, John, 42

Hamlet, 43-5

Hardy, Thomas, 147, 151-3, 187

Hassan, 228

Hathaway, Anne, 42

Hathi, 104

Hawk-eye, 80

Hawkins, Jim, 64

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 88, 245

Haydon, Benjamin, 218

Hazlitt, William, 43, 210, 212-4

Heart of Mid-Lothian, The, 25, 27

Hector, 86

Heep, Uriah, 7

Help, 142

Heming, Arthur, 82

Henry VIII, 167

Henry, Alexander, 206

Hephaistos, 86-7

Hereward the Wake, 71

Herodotus, 166

Heroes, The, 88-9

Heron, Sir Hugh, 120

"Hervé Riel", 234

Hexam, Lizzie, 8

Hiawatha, The Song of, 125-8

Higden, Mrs. Betty, 8

History of England, (Macaulay), 123, 182

History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, (Gibbon), 181

History of the War in the Peninsula, (Napier), 183

History of the World, (Raleigh), 181

Hodgson, Ralph, 236

Hogarth, Catherine, 12

Hogarth, George, 12

Hogg, James, 108

Holinshed's Chronicles, 44

Homer, 85-8, 141, 243

Hook, Captain, 107

Hope, Anthony, 252

Hopeful, 144

House at Pooh Corner, The, 101

How I found Livingstone in Central Africa, 206

"How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix," 234

Howe, Joseph, 246

Huckleberry Finn, 80-2, 100

Hudson, W. H., 252

Hugo, Victor, 62-4, 243

"Hymn on the Morning of Christ's Nativity", (Milton), 232, 254

Iagoo, 126

Iliad, The, 85-7, 89

In Pastures Green, 196

"In Time of Pestilence", 227

Irving, Washington, 33, 101, 245

Isaac of York, 24

Ivanhoe, 23-5

Jack the Giant Killer, 92

Jacobs, W. W., 252

James, Henry, 251

James II, 70

James V of Scotland, 118

Jane Eyre, 160-1

Jarvie, Bailie Nicol, 22

Jellyby, Caddy, 8

Jesuits in North America, The, 183

Jim, 81

John, King of England, 24, 177

Johnson, Pauline, 246

Johnson, Samuel, 182, 186, 188-93

Jonson, Ben, 229

Jourdain, Monsieur, 251

Julius Caesar, 39, 43, 46, 194

Jungle Book, The, 103-4

Just So Stories, 105

Kay, Sir, 95

Keats, John, 218, 225, 230, 233-4

Kemble, Frances Anne, 218

Kendall, 245

Kenilworth, 23-25

Kidnapped, 65

"Kilmeny", 108

Kim, 82

King Henry V, 171

King Lear, 44

King Richard II, 43

Kingsley, Charles, 71, 88

Kingsley, Henry, 245

Kingsley, Mary, 205-6

Kipling, John Lockwood, 103

Kipling, Rudyard, 82, 103-6, 157, 187, 236, 244

Kirby, William, 74, 246

Knightley, Mr. 155

Knights of the Round Table, 94-6

Kublai Khan, 202-3

Lady Lionesse, 96

Lady of the Lake, The, 33, 118

Lamb, Charles, 209-11, 213-4, 218

Lamb, Mary, 210

Lampman, Archibald, 246

Lang, Andrew, 85, 88, 92

La Salle, 206

Last of the Mohicans, The, 78

"Last Ride Together, The", 235

Launcelot, Sir, 96

Lavengro, 76-8

Lawrence, T. E., 206

Lawson, 245

Lay of the Last Minstrel, The, 30, 121

Lays of Ancient Rome, 123

Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers, 123

Leacock, Stephen, 246

Leaf, Walter, 85

Leatherstocking Tales, 79

Lecky, W. E. H., 183

Lee, Sir Sidney, 184, 194

Legality, 142

Leicester, Earl of, 23

Leigh, Amyas, 71

Les Misérables, 62-3

Life and Letters, (Page), 194

Life of Dickens, 194

Life of Gladstone, 194

Life of Johnson, 188-93

Life of King Edward VII, 184

Life of Palmerston, 184

Life of Sir Walter Scott, 32, 194

Linet, 96

"Listeners, The", 237

Little Dorrit, 4, 10

Little Em'ly, 6

Little Match Girl, The, 93

Livesay, Dr., 64

Living Forest, The, 82

"Lochinvar", 121

Lockhart, J. G., 32, 34, 194

Locksley, 24

Lone Wolf, 104

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 125, 245

Lord of the Isles, The, 121

Lord Randolph Churchill, 194

Lorna Doone, 70, 196

Louis XIII, 60

Louis XIV, 60

"Love in the Valley", 227

Lucas, E. V., 210

Lucy, Sir Thomas, 42

Luke, Saint, 254

Macaulay, Lord, 123, 182

Macbeth, 43, 44

MacDonald, Wilson, 246

MacGregor, Helen, 22

MacGregor, Rob Roy, 22

Mackenzie, Sir Alexander, 206

Mad Hatter, 97

Maeterlinck, Maurice, 106, 243

Makers of Canada, The, 246

Malory, Sir Thomas, 94-6, 186

Mansfield, Katherine, 245, 252

Mansfield Park, 156

Marco Polo, 202-3

Marmion, 120-1

Marryat, Frederick, 72-3

Martin Chuzzlewit, 4, 7, 13

Masefield, John, 82, 185, 236

Master of Ballantrae, The, 66

Mazarin, 60

McArthur, Peter, 196

McCrae, John, 246

McGee, D'Arcy, 176

Melville, Herman, 245

Merchant of Venice, 39, 45

Mercy, 146

Meredith, George, 147, 150-1, 227

Meynell, Alice, 236

Micawber, Wilkins, 7, 14

Middlemarch, 160

Middleton, Clara, 150

Midshipman Easy, 73

Midsummer Night's Dream, A, 39, 40, 43

Midwinter, 191

Mill on the Floss, The, 157-9

Millin, Sarah Gertrude, 245

Milne, A. A., 101

Milton, John, 186, 212-3, 230, 232-3, 254

Minnehaha, 127

Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, 30, 112

Miranda, 35-7

Molière, 251

Monk, General, 61

Montaigne, M. E., 212

Montgomery, Sir Hugh, 113

Montgomery, L. M., 100, 246

Moore, George, 252

Moore, Thomas, 218

Morley, John, 194

Morris, William, 251

Morte d'Arthur, 94-6, 186, 233-4

Motley, John Lothrop, 183, 245

Mowcher, Miss, 7

Mowgli, 104

Mudjekeewis, 126-7

Myers, Ernest, 85

Myriel, Bishop, 63

Mytyl, 106

Naaman, 50

Napier, 182

Nash, Thomas, 227

Nausicaa, 88

Newcome, Colonel, 149-50

New Testament, 48-9

Newcomes, The, 148-50

Nibs, 107

Nicholas Nickleby, 3, 7

Nickleby, Mrs., 14

Nipper, Susan, 8, 20

Nokomis, 126

North, 44

Northanger Abbey, 156

Northern Muse, The, 116

Notre Dame de Paris, 62-3

Now We Are Six, 101

Ochiltree, Edie, 25-7

"Ode on Intimations of Immortality", 226, 233

"Ode to a Nightingale", 225

"Ode to the West Wind", 233

Odysseus, 88

Odyssey, The, 87-9

Old Curiosity Shop, 3, 7

Old Mortality, 25

Old Régime in Canada, The, 183

Old Testament, 48-9

Oliver Twist, 3

"One Word More", 235

Osbaldistone, Francis, 22

Osbaldistone, Sir Hildebrand, 22

Osborne, George, 149

Osbourne, Lloyd, 64

Ossian, 29

Othello, 43-4

Our Mutual Friend, 4, 8, 181

Oxford Book of English Verse, 108, 236

Page, Walter H., 194-5

Palgrave, Francis, 236

Paris, 85

Parker, Sir Gilbert, 246

Parkman, Francis, 183, 206, 245

Patroklos, 86

Pioneers of France in the New World, 183

Pater, Walter, 251

Patterne, Crossjay, 151

Patterne, Sir Willoughby, 151

Paul, Saint, 50, 168

Pearl-Feather, 128

Pecksniff, Mr., 7

Peggotty, Ham, 6, 20

Pendennis, 149

Penelope, 88

Pepys, Samuel, 218-20

Percy, Bishop, 112, 114

Percy's Reliques of Ancient Poetry, 29

Percy, Lord, 113

Persuasion, 156

Perseus, 88

Peter Pan, 107

Peter Simple, 73

Petulengro, Jasper, 77

Pew, 64

Philemon, 88

Philippa, Queen of Hainault, 167

Phoebus, Capt., 63

Pickthall, Marjorie L. C., 246

Pickwick, Mr., 4, 6, 20, 171

Pickwick Papers, 3, 6, 171-2

"Pied Piper of Hamelin, The", 234

Pilgrimage to Mecca, 206

Pilgrim's Progress, The, 143-6

Pinch, Tom, 7, 20

Pinkerton, Miss, 149

Pip, 8

Pitt, William, 175

Planchet, 61

Plato, 174

Plutarch's Lives, 44, 194

Poe, Edgar Allan, 245

Pope, Alexander, 186, 230-1, 233

Porthos, 60-1

Poseidon, 86

Poyser, Mrs., 159, 196

Praed, Mrs. Campbell, 245

Pratt, E. J., 246

Priam, 86

Pride and Prejudice, 155-6

Prig, Betsey, 7

Prince Otto, 66

Pringle, 245

Procter, 210

Prospero, 35-7, 40, 44

"Proud Maisie", 27

Psalms, 54

Puck of Pook's Hill, 105-6

Purdie, Tom, 32

Puss-in-Boots, 92

Quasimodo, 63

Queens of England, (Strickland), 183

Quiller-Couch, Sir A., 236, 252

Quiney, Thomas, 42

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 23, 180-1

"Rape of the Lock, The", 233

Rebecca, 24

Red Cow and Her Friends, The, 196

Red Cross Knight, 139-40, 231

Red Shoes, The, 93

Redgauntlet, 25, 27

Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, 112

Republic of Plato, The, 174

Return of the Native, The, 151

Revolt in the Desert, 206

Rewards and Fairies, 105-6

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 186, 192

Richard, King of England, 24

Richardson, Samuel, 186

Richelieu, Cardinal, 60

Ridd, Jan, 70

Rikki-tiki-tavi, 104

Riley, James Whitcombe, 196

Rip Van Winkle, 101-2

Rise of the Dutch Republic, 183

Ritchie, Mrs., 148, 150

Rob Roy, 21-3, 25

Roberts, Charles G. D., 245

Robin Hood, 24

Robinson Crusoe, 68

Robsart, Amy, 23

Robinson, Crabb, 210

Rochefort, 59

Rokeby, 121

Romeo and Juliet, 39, 43

Romola, 159

Rosalind, 45

Ross, Martin, 251

Rossetti, Christina, 236

Rossetti, D. G., 236

Round the World in Eighty Days, 71

Rowena, 24

Rozinante, 137

Ruskin, John, 251

Russell, Countess, 245

Russell, George, 236

Rustician, 202

Sainte-Beuve, 214

Sancho Panza, 137-9

Sard Harker, 82

Sassoon, Siegfried, 236

"Saul", 233-5

Schah-riar, 94

Schehera-zade, 94

Schreiner, Olive, 245

Scott, Duncan Campbell, 246

Scott, Captain R. F., 206

Scott's Last Expedition, 206

Scott, Sophia, 32

Scott, Sir Walter, 21-34, 62, 112, 118-21, 187, 194, 218, 220

Scott's Journal, 220

Second Jungle Book, The, 103-4

Sedley, Amelia, 148-9

Sedley, Jos., 149

Selkirk, Alexander, 68

Sense and Sensibility, 156

Setebos, 36

Sévigné, Madam de, 216-8

Shaftesbury, Lord, 218

Shakespeare, Hamnet, 42

Shakespeare, John, 41

Shakespeare, Judith, 42-44

Shakespeare, Susanna, 42

Shakespeare, William, 35-47, 171, 186, 194, 195, 212-3, 226, 231-2, 230

Shakespeare (Lee), 194

Sharp, Becky, 148-9

Shaw, Bernard, 252

Shere Khan, 104

"She Walks in Beauty", 233-4

Shelley, 233-4, 230

Short History of the English People (Green), 183

Shylock, 45

Sidney, Sir Philip, 29

Silas Marner, 159

Silver, John, 65

Silver Locks, 92

Sinclair, May, 252

Sindbad, 94

"Sir Patrick Spens", 114-6

Sitwell, Edith, 236

Sitwell, Osbert, 236

Sitwell, Sacheverell, 236

Sketches by Boz, 12

Slightly, 107

Sloppy, 8

Smith, Wayland, 23

Smollett, Tobias, 157, 186

Snodgrass, Mr., 20, 171

Snow-Drop and the Seven Dwarfs, 93

Socrates, 174

Some Experiences of an Irish R.M., 251

Somers, Sir George, 38

Somerville, E. OE, 251

Son of the Middle Border, A, 196

Spenlow, Dora, 7

Spenlow, Mr., 7

Spens, Sir Patrick, 114

Spenser, Edmund, 23, 29, 139-41, 186, 230, 231

Spirit of the Age, The, 214

Squeers, Wackford, 7

Squire, J. C., 252

Stanley, Henry M., 206

Steadfast Tin Soldier, The, 93

Steele, Sir Richard, 186, 212

Steerforth, 7

Stephens, James, 236, 245, 252

Sterne, Laurence, 186

Stevenson, R. L., 64-6, 212, 218, 227

Stevenson, Thomas, 64

Strachey, Lytton, 184

Strickland, Agnes, 183

Swift, Dean, 186, 212, 218

Swinburne, Charles Algernon, 236

Swiveller, Dick, 7

Sycorax, 36

Taine, H. A., 214

Tale of Two Cities, A, 4, 16

Tales from Shakespeare, 210

Talfourd, 210

Tanglewood Tales, 88-9

Tapley, Mark, 7, 20

Tarkington, Booth, 252

Telemachus, 88

Tempest, The, 35-8, 40, 44

Tennyson, Alfred, 230, 233-4

Thackeray, William Makepeace, 147-50, 187, 218

Theseus, 88

Thetis, 86-7

Thoreau, 245

Three Musketeers, The, 59-61

Through the Looking-Glass, 98

Thucydides, 166

Tinker Bell, 107

Tiny Tim, 7, 17

Tom Brown's School Days, 214

Tom Sawyer, 80-2, 100

"To a Skylark", 233-4

Tomlinson, H. M., 252

Toomai of the Elephants, 104

Tootles, 107

Toots, 7, 8

Traddles, 7

Travels and Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories, 206

Travels in West Africa, 206

Travels of Marco Polo, The, 202-3

Treasure Island, 64-5

Treasury of South African Poetry and Verse, The, 245

Trelawney, Squire, 64

Tressilian, 23

Treville, M. de, 60

Trollope, Anthony, 251

Trotter, Bernard, 246

Trotwood, Miss Betsey, 7, 20

Trumpet-Major, The, 151-2

Tuck, Friar, 24

Tulliver, Tom and Maggie, 157-9

Tupman, Mr., 20, 171

Twain, Mark, 80-2, 245

Twelfth Night, 39-40, 43

Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, 71

Twenty Years After, 60

Two Years Before the Mast, 73-4

Tylette, 106

Tylo, 106

Tyltyl, 106

Tynan, Katherine, 236

Ugly Duckling, The, 93

Una, 105, 140, 231

Uncas, 80

Under the Greenwood Tree, 151-2

Underwoods, 65

"Upon Westminster Bridge", 233

Valjean, Jean, 63-4

Vanity Fair, 148-9

Venus, Mr., 8

Verne, Jules, 71

Vernon, Die, 22

Vicar of Wakefield, The, 192

Victoria, Queen, 184

Virgil, 134, 141, 243

Virginians, The, 149

Voyages, (Cook), 203-5

Voyages from Montreal Through the Continent of North America, 206

Walpole, Horace, 218

Walpole, Hugh, 252

Wamba, 24

Wandering Willie's Tale, 27

Wardour, Sir Arthur, 26

Watson, William, 236

Waverley, 24

Waverley Novels, 21-7

Webb, Mary, 252

Wegg, Silas, 8, 181

Weir of Hermiston, 65

Weller, Sam, 5, 6, 20, 171

Weller, Tony, 6

Wellington, Duke of, 183

Wells, H. G., 252

Wenonah, 120

Westward Ho!, 71

When We Were Very Young, 101

White Rabbit, The, 97-8

Whitman, Walt, 245

Wild Swans, The, 93

Wilfer family, 8

Wilhelm Meister, 141

Williamson, Henry, 252

William the Silent, 183

Wind in the Willows, The, 99-100

Winkle, 20, 171

Winnie the Pooh, 101

Winter's Tale, The, 44

Wolf, Father and Mother, 104

Wonder Book, The, 88-9

Woodhouse, Mr., 154

Woodstock, 25

Woolf, Virginia, 252

Worldly-Wiseman, 142

Wordsworth, William, 210, 226, 230, 233

"World, The", 233

Wortley-Montagu, Lady Mary, 218

Wren, Jenny, 8

Wuthering Heights, 160-1

Yeats, W. B., 227, 236

Zeus, 86