Index

Acadians: ejected, 204 Allerton, Isaac: bribed with seat in Council, 20, 119; refuses oath of allegiance, 126 Amherst, General Jeffrey: replaces Loudoun, 210 Andros, Sir Edmund: Governor, 127; despotic in New England, 127; mild in Virginia, 129; quarrels with Blair, 131; suspends Blair from Council, 131; resigns, 132 Appomatox Indians: hostile, 86 Argall, Samuel: Governor, 6; cruelty of, 7 Aristocracy: effect of slavery on, 152, 153; libraries, 153; mansions, 153; intermarriages, 153; dominate General Court, 153, 154 Armistead, Col. John: Councillor, 119; refuses oath of allegiance, 126 Association: to boycott British goods, 239; successful, 240, 241 Attainder: bill of in 1677, 29 Auditor: duties of, 33; William Byrd, 34; Philip Ludwell, 34 Bacon, Nathaniel: early life of, 84; quarrels with Berkeley, 84; knew Lawrence and Drummond, 84; his overseer murdered, 86; frontiersmen make leader, 87; denounces Berkeley, 87; defeats Occaneechees, 87; elected Burgess, 88; captured, 88; submits, 88, 89; reappointed Councillor, 89; blames Assembly, 90; escapes, 90; takes Jamestown, 90; made general, 90; pleads with Burgesses, 91; master of Virginia, 92; conversation with Goode, 92, 93; at Middle Plantation, 92; plans of, 93; captures Jamestown, 93, 94; burns Jamestown, 94; secret burial of, 94; people mourn, 94 Bacon, Nathaniel, Sr.: ousted from Council, 71 Bacon's Laws: aimed at Berkeley, 91; credit due Bacon, 91; a victory for democracy, 91, 92 Ballard, Thomas: expelled from Council, 20 Baltimore, Lord: visits Virginia, 38; refuses oath, 38; Harvey aids, 43; settles Maryland, 43; recognizes Commonwealth, 69 Barré, Col. Isaac: denounces Stamp Act, 225, 226 Bennett, Richard: favors Parliament, 58; sent to get Puritan ministers, 60; commissioner for Parliament, 64; Governor, 67; Cromwell continues, 70 Berkeley, Lady Frances: marriage, 76; insults Jeffreys, 100, 101; heads faction, 101, 102 Berkeley, Lord John: brother of Sir William, 80 Berkeley, Sir William: limits franchise, 27; appointed Governor, 54; early life, 54; arrives, 55; popular, 55, 56; favors jury trial, 56; gift of houses to, 57; salary, 57; fights for King, 57; defeats Indians, 58; expels Puritan preachers, 61; prosecutes Puritans, 62; proclaims Charles II, 62; defies Parliament, 63; to resist Parliamentary forces, 65, 66; surrenders, 66; under Commonwealth, 68; elected Governor, 73; reappointed by Charles II, 75; dictatorial, 76; greed, 76; marriage, 75; distrusts self-government, 76; use of patronage, 77; corrupts Assembly, 77; the Long Assembly, 77, 78; accused by Charles City, 77, 78; grants of land, 78, 79; people hate, 78; favorites of, 79; asks free trade, 80; denounces Navigation Acts, 80, 81; makes Bacon Councillor, 84; despotism of, 84; sends force against Indians, 86; Indian policy, 86; people in arms, 87; calls an election, 88; captures Bacon, 88; forces Bacon's submission, 88, 89; overawes Burgesses, 89; submits to Bacon, 90, 91; starts civil war, 92; flees to Eastern Shore, 92; executes patriots, 95, 96, 99; illegal seizures, 98; quarrels with Jeffreys, 98, 99; ordered to England, 99; picks Burgesses, 99, 100; sails, 101; death, 101 Berry, Sir John: committee on Bacon's Rebellion, 92 Beverley, Peter: court of oyer and terminer, 170 Beverley, Robert: Green Spring faction, 101, 102; Assembly minutes seized from, 103; testifies against Nicholson, 148 Bill of Ports: Burgesses reject, 128; Spotswood secures, 162-165; patronage from, 163, 164; Gooch secures, 191, 192 Blair, Archibald: hates Spotswood, 172, 173 Blair, Rev. James: defends Harrison, 22; founds college, 31; Commissary, 130; church reform plans, 130, 131; Quarrel with Andros, 131; Andros ousts from Council, 131; restored, 131; ousts Andros, 132; for Nicholson, 133; Nicholson angers, 136; accuses Nicholson, 147, 148; called King maker, 149; called hypocrite, 171; visits England, 175; to be "Prime Minister," 175, 176 Blair, John: meets Dinwiddie, 194; calls Assembly, 209; prepares expedition, 209, 210 Bland, Gyles: executed, 99 Bland, Col. Richard: defends Two-penny Act, 214; for self-government, 216; to submit to Stamp Act, 226; General Committee of Safety, 249; convention of 1776, 255 Botetourt, Lord: Governor General, 232; welcomed, 232; popular, 232; warns British government, 233; promises repeal of Townshend Acts, 234, 235; death, 235 Braddock, General: defeat of, 203 Braxton, Carter: predicts independence, 255 Buck, Rev.: Minister at Jamestown, 5 Buckner, John: sets up press, 117 Burgesses, House of: bribed by Governors, 19, 20; represent people, 25; privileges, 26; franchise, 26; wages, 27, 28; county pays, 28; Speaker, 28; committees, 29; guards elections, 29; as a court, 29; control of taxation, 29-31; act of 1680, 30; rule under Commonwealth, 67, 68; elect Governor, 70; Berkeley corrupts, 77; end of Long Assembly, 87, 88; Bacon's victory in, 88; Bacon's Laws, 91, 92; pro-Berkeley in 1677, 99; protest appeals to England, 114; James II scorns petition, 114; protest fees, 115; sole right to tax, 115; dispute King's authority, 115, 116; reject royal bills, 127; rile Edward Randolph, 128; refuse aid to New York, 128; £500 for New York, 128, 129; name Treasurer, 128, 129; Nicholson wheedles, 138; Spotswood bribes, 163, 164; new election, 164; oppose Spotswood, 165; Spotswood rebuffs, 165, 166; judges elections, 166; strike at Governors' power, 167; Spotswood denounces, 168; deride Spotswood, 171; charges against Spotswood, 173; praise Drysdale, 177, 178; contempt of punished, 179; praise Gooch, 180; growth of, 182; salaries, 183; power of grows, 184; aristocrats in, 184; praise Gooch, 193; protest pistole fee, 197; fee called arbitrary taxation, 197; appeal to King, 198; audacity of, 204; eject Acadian exiles, 204; vote £60,000, 205; emit treasury notes, 205; reply to Fauquier, 219; declaration of rights, 220; protest Stamp Act, 224, 225; Henry's resolutions, 226; Botetourt opens, 1768, 233; reassert sole right to tax, 233; meet unofficially, 233, 234; Botetourt promises repeal, 235; call convention, 239; take lead in Revolution, 242; many in uniform, 246; last session, 248 Burke, Edmund: on "Conciliation," 241 Burwell, Lewis: land holdings, 135; Nicholson threatens, 143 Burwell, Lucy: Nicholson in love with, 142-145; returns gifts, 144, 145 Butler, Nathaniel: his "Unmasking of Virginia," 11 Butts, Thomas: refuses to certify grievances, 165; House asks arrest, 165, 166 Byrd, William I: auditor, 34; makes rent roll, 135; respect due to, 152 Byrd, William II: Receiver General, 168; Spotswood ousts, 169; opposes new court, 170; Spotswood denounces, 171; agent for Burgesses, 173 Byrd, William III: 221 Camm, Rev. John: takes clergy protest to King, 213; sues for salary, 214; Fauquier denounces, 214; case thrown out, 216; supports Dunmore, 242 Capitol: plan, 146; burns, 182; rebuilt, 183; soldiers lodge in, 248; convention of 1776, 255 Carter, Landon: defends Two-penny Act, 214 Carter, Robert: Speaker of House, 28; Treasurer, 130; influence of, 140; charges against Nicholson, 147, 148; haughty, 171; President, 1726, 179; slaves of, 184 Carter, Robert, of Nomini Hall: refuses tea, 238; not a "courtier," 242 Charles City County: grievances of, 32; accuse Berkeley, 77; grievances neglected, 78; illegal voting in, 100 Charles I: will not restore Company, 13; calls Assembly, 15; offers to buy tobacco crop, 15; needs money, 16; illegal taxes, 36; tobacco contract, 44; executed, 62 Charles II: Berkeley proclaims, 63; restoration, 73; proclaimed in 1660, 74; reappoints Berkeley, 75; Arlington-Culpeper grant, 82; on causes of Bacon's Rebellion, 97; sends troops, 97; angered at Assembly, 103; gold from Louis XIV, 107; despotism in Virginia, 108-113; prohibits printing, 117 Charter: granted Virginia Company, 4, 5; sought by Virginians, 17, 18; Assembly asks, 83; again asked, 1689, 123; to confirm Assembly, 123, 124 Cheeseman, Major: Berkeley's brutality to, 95 Chicheley, Sir Henry: leads force against Indians, 86; Deputy Governor, 106; rules impartially, 106 Civil War in England: influence on colonies, 3; affects Virginia, 36 Claiborne, William: agent against Baltimore, 38; settlement on Kent Island, 43; battle with Marylanders, 43; commissioner for Parliament, 64; negotiates for peace, 65, 66; Secretary, 67 Clergy: thank Spotswood, 163; Two-penny Act, 211; protest, 211, 212; address to King, 212 Cocke, William: in Indian Company, 171 Cole, William: election of thrown out, 166, 167 Committees of Correspondence: 236, 237, 239 Committees of Safety: take over courts, 248 Commons, House of: opposes James I, 3; in Civil War, 36 Commonwealth: Virginia surrenders to, 66; Virginia constitution under, 66, 67; rule of, 70; anarchy, 73; influence of on Virginia, 75 Constitution of State of Virginia: drawn up, 257 Continental Congress: proposed, 236, 237, 239; delegates to, 240; Declaration of Rights, 240; makes Washington commander, 245 Convention, Provincial: in 1774, 240; at Richmond, 1775, 243; Henry's address, 243, 244; prepare for war, 244; take over government, 248, 249; in 1776, 255; instruct for independence, 255, 256 Conway, Edwin: baits Spotswood, 165 Corbin, Gawin: baits Spotswood, 165, 172 Corbin, Richard: protests paper money, 219; complains to Board of Trade, 219; pays for powder, 245 Council of Virginia: powers of, 4; quarrels of, 4, 5; under constitution of 1621, 21; patronage of, 21; powers of, 23-25; as cabinet, 23; as Upper House, 23, 24; as supreme court, 24; prestige of, 24, 25; Virginia House of Lords, 25; conflict with Harvey, 41-47; arrest Harvey, 46; Burgesses oust, 71; power of from England, 72; dissolve Assembly, 1659, 72; lose fat jobs, 134; Nicholson abuses, 140, 141; six accuse Nicholson, 147-150; represent aristocracy, 151, 152; titles of, 152; respect for, 152; Nott defers to, 154, 155; appeal for peace, 155; Burgesses back, 155; a threat to Liberty, 159; land holdings of, 162; preserve judicial power, 169-171; for large land grants, 178; negative role in Revolution, 242 County courts: undemocratic, 21; Governor's power over, 22; duties of, 31; Governor appoints, 78; taxation by, 78; Bacon's Laws, 92 Coventry, Attorney General: issues quo warranto against Company, 12 Cromwell, Oliver: neglects Virginia, 70; death, 72 Cromwell, Richard: Lord Protector, 72; resigns, 72 Culpeper, Lord Thomas: despotism under, 18; limits franchise, 27; grant to, 82; Governor, 102; Cavalier, 109; delays sailing, 109; brings peace, 110; forces act for "perpetual revenue," 110-112; returns to England, 112; robs soldiers, 113; hangs rioters, 113; Effingham succeeds, 113 Curtis, Edmund: commissioner to Virginia, 64; negotiates surrender, 65 Dale, Sir Thomas: Governor, 6; brings harsh laws, 6; cruelty of, 7 Dawson, Commissary William: meets Dinwiddie, 194; denounces Two-penny Act, 212 Day of Prayer: June 1, 1774, 238, 239 Debts: due merchants, 189; appeals to Privy Council, 189, 190 De la Warr, Lord: Governor, 5, 6; ill, 6; leaves Virginia, 6; humane, 7; sails with Magna Carta, 8; death, 8 Democracy: New World favorable for, 3; yeomen build up, 3; Quary warns of, 35; gains under Commonwealth, 75; Glorious Revolution, 122; small slave holders for, 185 Dennis, Captain Robert: heads commission to Virginia, 64; lost on the John, 64 Digges, Cole: election thrown out, 166, 167; named to new court, 170; Indian Company, 171 Digges, Edward: Governor, 71 Dinwiddie, Robert: Lieutenant Governor, 194; career, 195; backs Assembly, 195; pistole fee, 196-200; calls Virginians republicans, 198, 199; cautioned by King, 199, 200; horrors of Indian war, 201; warns British, 201; sends Washington to the Ohio, 201; asks funds, 201; vetoes bill with rider, 202; wants Parliament to tax, 202, 204; expends funds, 206; resigns, 206; sounds alarm bell, 207; suggests union of colonies, 208 Drummond, Sarah: property confiscated, 104 Drummond, William: hates Berkeley, 80; influences Bacon, 84; Bacon consults, 88; burns own house, 94; Berkeley's brutality to, 95 Drysdale, Hugh: popular, 18; Lieutenant Governor, 175, 176; arrives, 1722, 177; character, 177; opposes huge land grants, 178; upholds House, 178, 179; death, 179 Dunbar, Colonel: retreat of, 203 Dunmore, Earl of: Governor, 236; conduct in New York, 236; treaty with Indians, 243; seizes powder, 244; threatened, 245; suggests "compromise," 246, 247; on the Fowey, 248; escapes capture, 249; asks troops, 249; controls water, 250; in Elizabeth River, 250; seizes press, 250; seizes Norfolk, 250, 251; evacuates Norfolk, 251; threatens bombardment, 251, 252; at Gwynn's Island, 252; leaves Virginia, 253; says Virginia wants independence, 253 Dunmore, Lady: ball in honor of, 239; flees Williamsburg, 245, 247 Duquesne, Fort: Forbes to attack, 209; French evacuate, 210 Durand, William: persecuted for dissent, 62 Dutch: trade to Virginia, 68, 69; trade protected, 69; wars with, 81 Effingham, Lord Howard: despotism of, 18, 118; Governor, 113; character, 113; ends appeals to Assembly, 114; uses patronage for political ends, 118; favors Roman Catholics, 119; leaves Virginia, 120 Elections: Nicholson interferes in, 138; foul play at, 172 Embargo: opposed in England, 59; enforced in 1650, 63 English, William: denounces Harvey, 44, 45; arrested, 45; released, 47 Fauquier, Francis: Lieutenant Governor, 209; erudite, 209; tact, 210; reprimanded, 211, 213; upholds Two-penny Act, 212; London criticises, 213; denounces Camm, 214; thinks Henry extreme, 227; protects Mercer, 228; death, 231 Fees: Bacon's Laws fix, 92; bill to limit vetoed, 167; pistole controversy, 196-200 First Stuart Despotism: influence on colonies, 3 Fithian, Philip: sees drilling in Valley, 244 Forbes, General: to attack Fort Duquesne, 209; takes fort, 210 Fouace, Rev. Stephen: Nicholson jealous of, 143; flees Virginia, 144; testifies against Nicholson, 148 Fowey: powder taken to, 244 Franchise: changes in, 26; under Commonwealth, 70; all freemen have in June, 1676, 88; Bacon's Laws widen, 91; Spotswood tries to restrict, 166; act to limit, 181 French and Indian War: horrors of, 201; Washington warns French, 201; Braddock's defeat, 203; raids in Valley, 205; influence on Revolution, 207, 208 Gates, Sir Thomas: Governor, 6; brings cruel laws, 6 General Assembly: Magna Carta authorizes, 8; under Constitution of 1621, 9; meets, 1619, 9, 10; acts of in 1619, 10; right to tax, 10; Charles I ignores, 13; meets unofficially, 14; Charles I summons, 15; oppose reviving Company, 17; powers of grow, 34, 35; accuses Harvey, 47; reapportions taxes, 56; gift to Berkeley, 57; permits free trade, 59; recognizes Charles II, 62; surrenders to Parliament, 66; ousts Governor and Council, 71; elects Berkeley Governor, 73; powers of, 74; proclaim Charles II, 1660, 74; Berkeley corrupts, 77; Long Assembly, 77, 78; protest grant, 82; ask charter, 85; Bacon demands election, 87, 88; in 1677 picked by Berkeley, 99, 100; bill of attainder, 100; protest seizure of records, 103; Charles II assails, 108, 109; King to initiate bills, 108; no appeals to, 109, 113, 114; "perpetual revenue" to King, 110-112; attempt to repeal revenue act of 1680, 156; Quary on, 156, 157; Queen Anne vetoes revenue act, 157; Jenings dissolves, 159; bill of ports, 162-165; Queen's death dissolves, 164; Spotswood angers, 164; bills to limit Governor's power, 167; use of rider by, 167, 168; thwart Spotswood, 172; protest debt ruling, 189; gift to Dinwiddie, 195, 196; war an opportunity for, 201; vote £10,000, 201; expenditure of funds, 201, 202; vote £20,000 with rider, 202; support war, 203; ask paper money issue, 203, 204; aid to Royal American Regiment, 205; Governor spends funds, 206; right of to govern, 216; last sessions, 248 General Committee of Safety: ablest men on, 249 General Court: court of appeals, 113, 114; Nicholson's violence in, 139; Nicholson packs juries, 139, 140; on Burgesses' salary, 166 Glorious Revolution: 3, 119-121; effect on liberty, 122; effect on Virginia, 122, 123, 132 Godspeed: sails for Virginia, 1 Gooch, William: says frontiersmen disobedient, 3; character, 177; Lieutenant Governor, 179; popular, 179; courtesy of, 179, 180; praised by Burgesses, 180; voted gifts, 180; new bill of ports, 180, 181, 191, 192; for limiting franchise, 181, 182; for westward expansion, 182; resists merchants, 186; for duty on liquors, 187; denounces merchants, 190; A Dialogue, 191; leads expedition, 192; wounded, 192; resigns, 192; dies, 1749, 193; peace and plenty, 193 Gosnold, Bartholomew: member of Council, 4; dies, 4, 5 Governor: office established, 5; King appoints, 18; vary greatly, 18; qualities of, 18; powers of, 19; bribe Burgesses, 19; nominate Councillors, 20; use of patronage, 19-21; calls Assembly, 21; veto, 22; hold over courts, 22; heads Church, 22, 23; Council restricts, 25, 171; Burgesses elect under Commonwealth, 70; many military officers, 194 Great Bridge: Dunmore fortifies, 250; battle of, 251 Green Spring: plundered, 98; faction meets at, 101, 102 Green Spring faction: Lady Berkeley heads, 101; to recover losses, 102; suppress King's pardon, 102; pillaging by, 104, 105 Grenville, George: wants consolidated empire, 224 Grievances: against Harvey, 47; against Berkeley, 77; against law of ports, 165 Grymes, John: Deputy Auditor, 162; conceited, 171; hates Spotswood, 172, 173 Gwynn's Island: Dunmore at, 252 Habeas Corpus: settlers claim, 2; denied by Effingham, 118 Hamilton, Lord George: Earl of Orkney, 159; Governor General, 159; career of, 159; patron of Spotswood, 160 Hansford, Thomas: executed patriot, 95 Harrison, Benjamin: Nicholson abuses, 22; Blair defends, 22; criticizes Secretary's office, 33; Councillor, 133, 140; land holdings, 135; charges against Nicholson, 147, 148 Harrison, Nathaniel: proposes reconciliation, 175 Harrison, Rev. Thomas: Puritan minister, 60; banished, 61 Hartwell, Henry: on Governor's patronage, 20, 21 Harvey, Sir John: egocentric, 18; expelled, 35; Governor, 37; arrives, 38; despotic, 39; misuse of courts, 39, 40; persecutes Pott, 39, 40; conflict with Council, 41-47; appeals to King, 41, 42; strikes Stevens, 42; aids Baltimore, 43; urges tobacco contract, 44; detains petition, 44; people's grievances against, 44; arrests Pott, English, and Martian, 45; appeals to Council, 45; Council arrest, 46; leaves for England, 47; reappointed, 48; returns to Virginia, 48, 49; revenge of, 49, 50; restores Mathews' property, 50; prosecutes Panton, 51, 52; recalled, 51; prosecuted, 51, 52; escapes from Virginia, 52; significance of expulsion, 52, 53 Harwood, Thomas: agent of Assembly, 47; hastens to London, 48 Henry, Patrick: Two-penny Act, 215; denounces clergy, 215, 216; says people must govern, 216; resolutions of, 226, 227; accused of treason, 227; alarm bell of Revolution, 229; committee of correspondence, 237; marches on Williamsburg, 245; convention of 1776, 255 Hill, Col. Edward: Green Spring faction, 101; defies King, 104; Treasurer, 129 Holt, John: his press seized, 250 Hopkins, William: contempt of House, 179; forced to apologize, 179 Howe, Col.: at Norfolk, 251; hints at burning, 251 Hunter, Col. Robert: Governor, 158; French capture, 158 Independence: not wanted, 253; forced by British, 253, 254; Common Sense, 254; sentiment for grows, 254, 255; Virginia instructs for, 255, 256; people celebrate, 256 Indiana Company: fort at Christanna, 171; King dissolves, 171; ask compensation, 171 Indians: attack Jamestown, 4; massacre by, 57, 58; war with Susquehannocks, 85; frontier forts, 86; threaten Charles City, 86; attack feared in 1689, 120, 121; raids in Valley, 204, 205; Dunmore's War, 242, 243; Point Pleasant, 243 Intolerable Acts: 238 James I: on kingly power, 2, 3; conflict with Parliament, 3; charter to Virginia Company, 4; assails London Company, 11; offers compromise, 12 James II: scorns Burgesses' petition, 114; repeals act of Assembly, 115, 116; revives a law, 116; favors Catholics, 119; deposed, 120 Jamestown: founded, 2; first Assembly at, 9; capitol at, 25, 26; Lord Baltimore at, 38; Charles II proclaimed at, 74; Bacon's Assembly, 88; Berkeley occupies, 93; Bacon captures, 93; burnt, 94; William and Mary proclaimed, 121; statehouse burns, 1698, 146 James, Thomas: missionary to Virginia, 60; driven out, 61 Jefferson, Thomas: friend of Fauquier, 209; committee of correspondence, 237; answers British "compromise," 247; prefers independence to slavery, 254; on independence, 254 Jeffreys, Col. Herbert: ousts Councillor, 20; Lieutenant Governor, 97; insulted, 100, 101; promises reforms, 101; ill, 102; ousts Beverley, 104; indicts Philip Ludwell, 104, 105; dies, 105; wife imprisoned, 105 Jeffries, Jeffrey: agent for charter, 123, 124 Jenings, Edmund: Councillor, 126; acting Governor, 157, 158; career of, 158; dissolves Assembly, 159; suspended from Council, 179 The John: sails to Virginia, 64; sinks, 65 Johnson, Edward: on God's revenge on Virginia, 61 Johnson, Samuel: denounces Americans, 223 Kemp, Matthew: insulted in House, 179 Kemp, Richard: advises Harvey to leave, 46; carries off Mathews' property, 50; prosecutes Panton, 50, 51; Secretary, 51; escapes to England, 52; acting Governor, 57 Kendall, George: member of Council, 4; expelled, 4; executed, 5 Knowles, Rev. John: missionary to Virginia, 60; driven out, 61 Laissez faire: 177; passing of, 224 Land: Berkeley's grants, 78, 79; rent roll, 135; must cultivate to hold, 162; law defied, 162; Drysdale opposes large grants, 178; much unpatented, 198 Lawrence, Thomas: cheated by Berkeley, 79, 80; influence on Bacon, 84; Bacon consults, 88; burns own house, 94; fate unknown, 95 Laws, Military: severe, 6, 7; cruelly enforced, 7 Lee, Arthur: repulsed in England, 254 Lee, Henry: convention of 1776, 255 Lee, Philip Ludwell: protests paper money, 219 Lee, Richard Henry: 219; protests Stamp Act, 224; committee of correspondence, 237; Continental Congress, 240; convention of 1776, 255 Lewis, Gen. Andrew: at Point Pleasant, 243; bombards Gwynn's Island, 252 Liberty: taxation and, 2; threatened in England, 2; Glorious Revolution aids, 122; new charter to guarantee, 124; Nicholson assails, 146, 147; Council threatens, 159; victory for, 181; Virginians called republican, 198; Bland argues for, 216; Burke on, 240; won, 257 Lightfoot, John: Nicholson upbraids, 141; charges against Nicholson, 147, 148 Littlepage, Richard: refuses to certify grievances, 165; House asks arrest of, 165 London, Bishop of: calls Two-penny act treason, 213 Loudoun, Earl of: praises Burgesses, 205; embargo defied, 205, 206; Governor, 207 Ludwell, Philip: auditor, 34; marries Lady Berkeley, 76; insults Jeffreys, 100; Green Spring faction, 101; indicted, 104, 105 Ludwell, Philip, Jr.: accuses Nicholson, 138; Nicholson challenges, 145; auditor, 168; Spotswood ousts, 169; leaves new court, 170; Spotswood denounces, 171 Ludwell, Thomas: seeks charter for Virginia, 1; fears rebellion, 80; reports disasters, 81; agent for Virginia, 82; presides over Council, 104 Madison, James: convention of 1776, 255 Magna Carta of Virginia: drawn up, 8; De la Warr sails with, 8; Yeardley takes to Virginia, 8; Assembly authorized, 8, 9 Mandeville, Lord Henry: heads commission on Virginia, 13; reappoints Yeardley, 13 Martin, John: member of Council, 4 Martin, Nicholas: denounces Harvey, 44, 45; arrested, 45 Maryland: Baltimore founds, 43; surrenders to Parliament, 67; Virginia seeks to annex, 69 Mason, George: general committee of safety, 249; convention of 1776, 255 Mathew, Thomas: says Berkeley cheated Lawrence, 79 Mathews, Samuel: resists Harvey, 42, 43; opposes founding of Maryland, 43; opposes tobacco contract, 44; compares Harvey with Richard III, 45; arrests Harvey, 46; King orders arrest of, 48; sent to England, 49; his property seized, 50; favors Parliament, 56; Governor, 71; recalled, 71; re-elected, 72; dies, 73 Maury, Rev. James: sues for salary, 214; Patrick Henry attorney against, 215 Menefie, George: Harvey questions, 45; accused of treason, 46; withholds Harvey's commission, 47 Mercer, Col. George: stamp distributor, 227, 228; crowd threatens, 228; will not distribute, 228 Merchants, British: oppose free trade, 68, 69; conflict with planters, 185; Royal African Company, 186; oppose duty on slaves, 186; taxed, 186; Virginians angered at, 188; Virginians in debt to, 188, 189; petition Parliament, 189, 190; protest paper money, 217; renew complaints, 219; for legal tender, 220 Meriwether, Nicholas: Spotswood removes, 164 Milner, Col. Thomas: Nicholson praises, 126 Molasses Act: resented in Virginia, 188 Moryson, Francis: seeks charter for Virginia, 1; agent for Virginia, 81; committee on Bacon's Rebellion, 97 Navigation Acts: Berkeley protests against, 80; impoverish Virginia, 81 Nelson, Thomas: protests paper money, 219 Nelson, William: protests paper money, 219 New Granada: expedition against, 192; failure, 192 New Kent: Bacon invades, 87 Newport, Capt. Christopher: member of Council, 4 Nicholas, Robert Carter: defends Two-penny Act, 216; Treasurer, 222; burns notes, 222; to submit to Stamp Act, 226; day of prayer, 238; prevents storming of Palace, 245; constitution of 1776, 255 Nicholson, Sir Francis: on ideal Governor, 18; use of patronage, 20, 21; power over courts, 22; calls Virginians republicans, 35; Lieutenant Governor, 124; character, 124, 125; abuses clergymen, 124, 125; in New York, 125; cautious, 125; defends prerogative, 126, 127; aids college, 127; Governor General, 133; program of, 133, 134; violent temper, 134; offends Councillors, 134; rent roll, 135; offends vestries, 136; tries to control Church, 136; threatens Burgesses, 137; gives aid to New York, 137; wheedles Burgesses, 138; browbeats voters, 138; abuses Burgesses, 138; threatens Speaker, 139; violent in General Court, 139; packs juries, 139; heckles Council, 140; abuses Wallace, 142, 143; loves Lucy Burwell, 142-145; threatens Fouace, 143, 144; derided in England, 144; challenges Philip Ludwell, Jr., 145; founds Williamsburg, 146; despotism resented, 146, 147; charges against, 147-150; denies charges, 148, 149; Quary defends, 149; "addresses" praise, 149; removed, 150 Norfolk: protests Stamp Act, 229; Dunmore seizes, 250; evacuated, 251; Americans enter, 251; Dunmore threatens, 251, 252; Americans burn, 252 Northern Neck: granted to favorites, 83 Norwood, Col. Henry: criticizes courts, 79 Nott, Col. Edward: Governor, 150; mild, 151; defers to Council, 154; Assembly weakens patronage, 155; veto, 156; death, 157 Nuthead, William: his printing press closed, 117 Ohio Region: French in, 196 Opechancanough: captured, 58 Ordinance and Constitution: Virginia government under, 9 Oyer and Terminer, Court of: Spotswood sets up, 169; non-Councillors in, 170 Page, John, Jr.: keeps day of prayer, 242 Page, Matthew: Councillor, 133; charges against Nicholson, 147, 148 Palace: mob threatens, 245, 247; raided, 247, 248 Pamunkeys: hostile, 86; flee from Bacon, 87 Panton, Rev. Anthony: accuses Harvey, 49; fined and banished, 50, 51; vindicated, 52 Parke, Daniel: announces Berkeley's death, 102 Parliament: expedition against Virginia, 64; Virginia surrenders, 66; less representative, 222; rotten boroughs, 222, 223; out of step with age, 223; ignorant of colonies, 223 Paper money: Assembly issues, 205; new issues, 206; to finance war, 217; rate of exchange, 218; continues issues, 218; to finance war, 217; rate of exchange, 218; continues issues, 218; illegal loans, 221 Patronage: props Governor's power, 19, 20, 21; Bacon's Laws restrict, 92; Effingham uses, 118; Nicholson uses, 137, 138; bill to limit vetoed, 167; no Burgess to hold office, 181; victory for liberty, 181 Pendleton, Edmund: 219; protests Stamp Act, 224; to submit, 226; committee of correspondence, 237; Continental Congress, 240; lionized, 246; General Committee of Safety, 249; for independence, 255; convention of 1776, 255 Pierce, William: King orders arrest, 48; sent to England, 49 Pistole Fee: for use of seal, 196-200; counties complain of, 196; Stith opposes, 196; Attorney General upholds, 197; Burgesses appeal to King, 198; Dinwiddie says not a tax, 199; King restricts use of, 199, 200; results of, 200; Fauquier cautious of, 200 Pitt, William: supports Americans, 241 Poll tax: hated, 31; people protest, 83; Bacon's men protest, 90; crushes poor in 1677, 103; liquor duty eases, 187 Pott, Francis: circulates petition, 44; arrested, 45; released, 47; leaves for England, 47; arrested in England, 48 Pott, Dr. John: acting Governor, 37; poisons Indians, 37, 38; Harvey persecutes, 39, 40; pardoned, 40; aids in arresting Harvey, 46 Powder Horn, Williamsburg: powder seized, 244; trap wounds two, 246 Prerogative of King: whittled away, 34, 35; James II stretches, 116; weakened, 123; Two-penny Act, ignores, 212 Press: free prohibited, 116, 117 Purifie, Thomas: warns Harvey, 46 Puritans: in Virginia, 58; Berkeley persecutes, 59; strong on Hampton Roads, 60; send for ministers, 60; ministers driven out, 61; ordered to conform, 61 Quartering of troops: ended in Virginia, 117 Quary, Col. Robert: describes powers of Council, 24, 25; on decline of prerogative, 35; warns English government, 123; defends Nicholson, 149 Quit rents: paid to King, 31; tax on land, 115; proposed to quadruple, 115; Nicholson's rent roll, 135; Dinwiddie reports loss, 198 Randolph, Edmund: convention of 1776, 255 Randolph, Sir John: Tory, leaves Virginia, 242 Randolph, Peyton: takes Burgesses' protest, 198; ousted as Attorney General, 199; reinstated, 200; protests Stamp Act, 224; to submit, 226; moderator, 234; committee of correspondence, 237; Continental Congress, 240; prevents storming of Palace, 245 Ratcliffe, John: member of Council, 4 Rebellion: Secretary Ludwell fears, 80; Virginia "ripe for," 82; Berkeley fears, 83; outbreaks in 1674, 83, 84; Virginia ready for, 85; led by Bacon, 87-96; influence of Bacon's rebellion, 95, 96; causes of, 96; threatened in 1677, 100; in 1689, 120, 121 Richmond, Duke of: supports colonists, 241 Rights, Declaration of: committee to prepare, 256 Robinson, John: Speaker and Treasurer, 28; Fauquier wins support, 210; death, 221; illegal loans of, 221 Rolfe, John: cures tobacco, 15 Sandys, Sir Edwin: Puritan, 8; Treasurer of London Company, 8; gets new charters, 8; Virginia Magna Carta, 8; sent to Tower, 11; fights to save charter, 12; advises restoring Company, 13; champions English liberty, 15 Sandys, George: asks revival of Company, 17 Second Stuart Despotism: influence on colonies, 3, 106-121 Secretary of State: duties of, 33 Sheriffs: political use of by Berkeley, 78; Bacon's Laws, 91; Effingham uses, 118; Nicholson uses, 137, 138 Slavery: effect on aristocracy, 152; cheapens tobacco, 184; small planters buy, 184, 185; slave plots, 186; duty on slaves vetoed, 186, 187; Virginia resents vetoes, 187; Dunmore recruits slaves, 250 Smith, Capt. John: imprisoned, 4; hanging threatened, 5; sole Councillor, 5 Smith, Col. Joseph: accused by court, 178; Burgesses reprimand, 178; Drysdale removes, 179 Smith, Col. Lawrence: sued for quit rents, 135 Sons of Liberty: 229 Speaker: prestige, 28; Nicholson threatens, 139; made Treasurer, 210; Fauquier ordered to separate, 210 Spencer, Nicholas: fears mutiny in 1677, 100 Spotswood, Col. Alexander: able, 18; on Burgesses salary, 27, 28; Lieutenant Governor, 159; career, 160; Orkney his patron, 160; explores west, 161; instructions, 161; act for ports, 162-165; jobs handed out, 163, 164; House angers, 165; to limit franchise, 166; Council balks, 166; vetoes bills, 167; denounces Burgesses, 168; court of oyer and terminer, 169-171; defends new court, 170, 171; foul play at elections, 172; defeated, 172; charges against, 173; seeks flattering addresses, 173; answers charges, 174; Board of Trade upholds, 174; to live in Virginia, 174; Tubal Cain, 175; reconciled to Council, 175; administration of, 176 Stamp Act: dismay at, 224; Barré denounces, 225; ready to resist, 227; Mercer distributor, 227, 228; stamps not landed, 228; Norfolk protests, 229; criticized in England, 230; English merchants protest, 230; repealed, 230 Statehouse: at Jamestown, 24; burned, 1698, 129 Stegg, Thomas: aids Kemp escape, 52; favors Parliament, 58; commissioner for Parliament, 64; lost on the John, 65 Stith, Rev. William: incites against pistole fee, 196 Susan Constant: sails for Virginia, 1 Susquehannocks: fort besieged, 85; torture victims, 85 Taxation: by first Assembly, 10; Burgesses control, 29-31, 115; perpetual revenue to King, 30, 110-112; call fees taxes, 115; protest pistole fee, 197; in colonial history, 225; role in self-government, 225; Jefferson on, 247 Tea: tax on, 236; resistance to tax, 237, 238; banned, 238; Carter refuses, 238 Thompson, Rev. William: missionary to Virginia, 60; driven out, 61 Thrale, John: defends Nicholson, 148 Tobacco: staple of Virginia, 15; Dutch buy, 59; cutting riots, 113; Spotswood's bill of ports, 162-165; prices rise, 163; George I vetoes bill of ports, 168; Gooch's bill of ports, 180-181, 191, 192; slaves cheapen, 184; Gooch argues for bill of ports, 191; A Dialogue, 191; poor standard of value, 211 Tobacco cutting riots: 113. Tories: few in Virginia, 242 Townshend Acts: anger America, 232; unconstitutional, 234 Treasurer: Burgesses name, 128, 129; usually also Speaker, 210; separation ordered, 210; illegal loans by, 221 Utie, John: opposes tobacco contract, 44; arrests Harvey, 46; King orders arrest, 48; sent to England, 49 Vestries: govern parishes, 32; Bacon's Laws, 92; Nicholson attacks power of, 136 Virginia Company of London: charter of 1606, 1, 4; set up despotism, 5; members consider going to Virginia, 7; James I attacks, 11; A True Answer, 11; blamed by commission, 11; rejects King's offer, 12; appeals to Parliament, 12; charter revoked, 12; reasons for, 13; restoring of opposed, 17 Wallace, Rev. James: sermon enrages Nicholson, 141, 142; testifies against Nicholson, 148 Washington, George: warns French on Ohio, 201; expedition to Ohio, 202; commands in Valley, 205; Continental Congress, 240; wears uniform to Congress, 245; commander-in-chief, 245; predicts independence, 254, 255 West: expansion into, 182; aids democracy, 184 West, Capt. Francis: Governor, 37 West, John: acting Governor, 47; sent to England, 49 William III: joint monarch, 121, 122 Williamsburg: capitol at, 146; Nicholson founds, 146; celebrates Stamp Act repeal, 230; day of prayer, 239; powder seized, 244; an armed camp, 248; celebrates independence, 256, 257 Wingfield, Edward: member of Council, 4; ousted, 5; accuses other Councillors, 5 Wormeley, Ralph: supports Dunmore, 242 Wyatt, Sir Francis: receives constitution, 9; Governor, 51 Wythe, George: 219; protests Stamp Act, 224 Yeardley, Capt. George: Governor, 6; brings Magna Carta, 9; calls first Assembly, 10; reappointed, 13; pleads for Assembly, 14; death, 36

Transcriber's Corrections

Following is a list of significant typographical errors that have been corrected.

Page 7, missing close quote added according to original source text by Brown (of the Court.").

Page 23, missing close quote added based on transcriber assumption because original source text was not found for confirmation (King in Council.").

Page 47, "Harvery" changed to "Harvey" (forced Harvey to deliver).

Page 90, "hubub" changed to "hubbub" (hearing the hubbub).

Page 123, "aproved" changed to "approved" (he approved of it).

Page 126, missing open quote added based on transcriber assumption because original source text was not found for confirmation ("but he hath not estate).

Page 128, close quote removed based on transcriber assumption because open quote is missing and original source text was not found for confirmation (he dissolved them.).

Page 128, missing close quote added based on transcriber assumption because original source text was not found for confirmation (the King's "goodness").

Page 143, missing close quote added based on transcriber assumption because original source text was not found for confirmation (to live here.").

Page 148, "perscution" changed to "persecution" (persecution and injustice).

Page 170, missing open quote added based on transcriber assumption because original source text was not found for confirmation ("extraordinary emergency").

Page 171, missing close quote added based on transcriber assumption because original source text was not found for confirmation (the people of Virginia?").

Page 187, missing close quote added according to original source text by Lipscomb (of a whole country.").

Page 189, missing close quote added based on transcriber assumption because original source text was not found for confirmation (reports of merchants").

Page 192, "againt" changed to "against" (expedition against New Granada).

Page 235, "disappointmnt" changed to "disappointment" (because of their disappointment).

Page 237, "spirt" changed to "spirit" (the spirit of resistance).

Page 246, "mazagine" changed to "magazine" (entered the magazine).

Page 255, "distingiushed" changed to "distinguished" (each distinguished member).

Page 284, "beseiged" changed to "besieged" (fort besieged, 85;).

Page 286, "democacy" changed to "democracy" (aids democracy, 184).