LIST OF FLOWERS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THEIR HABITATS AND HABITS
Reading edition
The following list of wild flowers, classified according to their habits and principal habitats, will assist the student in his attempts to identify unknown species. A general acquaintance with the chief distinguishing features of the orders, or, failing this, a frequent reference to these features as given in Chapter I, will be a valuable help; and, the order once determined, the few particulars added to each name will generally narrow the search down to one or two species, leaving the final decision to the more detailed description given in the text.
The first number given after each name is the height, or, in the case of climbing and trailing species, the length of the plant; and this is followed by the colour and diameter, of the flower, or, in the case of the Dipsaceæ, Compositæ, and some other plants in which the flowers are densely clustered, the diameter of the cluster or head.
Abbreviations are used as follows:—
W. = white
Y. = yellow
G. = green
R. = red
P. = pink
C. = crimson
V. = violet
Bl. = blue
Br. = brown
Pu. = purple
Cr. = cream
Li. = lilac
Ro. = rose
O. = orange
Sc. = scarlet
p. = pale
d. = dark or deep.
A combination of two of the above denotes an intermediate colour. Thus—G.Y. denotes a greenish yellow; Pu. Br., a purple-brown, &c.
1. Woods and Thickets—Spring (Herbaceous Plants)
PAGE
Wood Anemone. 4-8 ins. W. 1 in.48
Green Hellebore. 12-20 ins. G. 1 in.49
Stinking Hellebore. 1-2 ft. G. ½ in.49
Goldilocks. 6-10 ins. Y. ⅝ in.50
Columbine. 1-2 ft. W., Bl. or Pu. 1 in.50
Dog Violet. 3-6 ins. Bl. or Pu. ⅝ in.50
Wood Sorrel. 4-6 ins. W. ⅝ in.52
Wood Strawberry. 2-6 ins. W. ½ in.53
Sweet Woodruff. 8 ins. W. ¼ in.54
Lesser Periwinkle. 1-2 ft. Bl. ⅞ in.54
Toothwort. 5-10 ins. Pu.Br. ⅜ in.54
Bugle. 3-12 ins. Bl. or Pu. ⅜ in.55
Yellow Dead Nettle. 10-18 ins. Y. ⅝ in.55
Primrose. 4-7 ins. p.Y. 1 to 1¼ in.56
Lady's Slipper. 1 ft. Br. and Y. 2 ins.58
Broad-leaved Garlic. 6-12 ins. W. ¾ in.59
Sand Garlic. 2-3 ft. R.Pu. ¼ in.59
Star of Bethlehem. 6-12 ins. W. 1 in. or more59
Blue-bell. 6-18 ins. Bl. ½ in.60
Daffodil. 12-18 ins. Y. 2 ins.48
Hairy Sedge.60
Wood Melic Grass60
2. Spring Flowering Trees and Shrubs.
Barberry. 4-7 ft. p.Y. ⅜ in.61
Sycamore. 40-50 ft. Y.G. ¼ in.62
Maple. 15-20 ft. Y.G. ¼ in.63
Spindle Tree. 4-10 ft. Y.G. ⅜ in.64
Wild Cherry. 4-8 ft. W. ⅝ in.64
Bird Cherry. 12-15 ft. W. ½ in.64
Gean. 12-18 ft. W. ⅝ in.65
Sloe or Blackthorn. 4-8 ft. W. ½ in.65
Bullace. 5-8 ft. W. ½ in.66
Hawthorn. 12-20 ft. W. ½ in.66
Wild Pear. 20-30 ft. W. 1 in.66
Crab Apple. 10-20 ft. W. and P. 1½ in.66
Service Tree. 12-20 ft. W. ⅝ in.67
White Beam. 10-30 ft. W. ½ in.68
Mountain Ash. 10-30 ft. Cr.W. 7⁄16 in.68
Black Currant. 3-5 ft. Y.G. 5⁄16 in.69
Red Currant. 3-5 ft. Y.G. ¼ in.69
Wayfaring Tree. 10-20 ft. W. 3⁄16 in.69
Ash. 40-50 ft. Br. ⅛ in.69
Spurge Laurel. 2-4 ft. Y.G. ¼ in.70
Mezereon. 2-4 ft. p.R. 3⁄16 in.70
Common Elm. 50-120 ft. Br. Clusters ½ in.71
Wych Elm. 40-100 ft. Br. Clusters ½ in.71
Oak. 40-100 ft. G.72
Beech. 40-100 ft. G.73
Hornbeam. 20-60 ft. G.74
Hazel. 8-16 ft. Y.G.74
Common Birch. 20-50 ft. G.75
Dwarf Birch. 1-3 ft. G.75
Alder. 20-50 ft. R.Br.75
White Poplar. 60-100 ft. Pu.Br.76
Grey Poplar. 60-100 ft. Pu.Br.76
Aspen. 30-80 ft. d.Br.76
Black Poplar. 50-60 ft. Pu.Br.77
Scots Pine. 50-100 ft. G.Y.77
Yew. 20-50 ft. G. ⅛ in.78
NOTE.—The colours given above, in the case of trees bearing catkins, are generally those of the more conspicuous male flowers.
3. Waysides and Waste Ground—Spring.
Celandine. 1-2 ft. Y. ¾ in.81
Shepherd's Purse. 6-18 ins. W. 1⁄10 in.81
Scurvy Grass. 4-8 ins. W. ¼ in.82
Whitlow Grass. 1-4 ins. W. ⅛ in.82
Yellow Rocket. 1-2 ft. Y. 5⁄16 in.83
Early Winter Cress. 1-2 ft. Y. 3⁄16 in.84
Garlic Mustard. 1-2 ft. W. ¼ in.84
Thale Cress. 6-10 ins. W. ⅛ in.84
Rape. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅜ in.85
Wild Turnip. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅜ in.85
Sweet Violet. 3-6 ins. V., Li. or W. ¾ in.85
Ciliated Pearlwort. 2-4 ins. W. ⅛ in.85
Procumbent Pearlwort. 2-3 ins. W. ⅛ in.85
Greater Stitchwort. 1-2 ft. W. ¾ in.86
Lesser Stitchwort. 1-3 ft. W. 3⁄16 in.87
Chickweed. 3-12 ins. W. 3⁄16 in.87
Clustered Mouse-ear Chickweed. 6-10 ins. W. 3⁄16 in.88
Narrow-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. 6-10 ins. W. ¼ in.88
Dove's-foot Crane's-bill. 8-12 ins. P. ⅜ in.89
Jagged-leaved Crane's-bill. 1-2 ft. R. ⅜ in.89
Herb Robert. 1-2 ft. P. ½ in.90
Black Medick. ½-2 ft. Y. Heads ¼ in.90
Grass Vetchling. 1-2 ft. C. ⅜ in.92
Bird's Foot. 6-18 ins. Cr. and C. Heads ¼ in.92
Bush Vetch. 2-3 ft. p.Pu. 7⁄16 in.92
Barren Strawberry. 2-6 ins. W. ½ in.93
Moschatel. 4-6 ins. Y.G. Heads ⅜ in.93
White Bryony. 6-12 ft. G.W. ⅝ in.94
Common Beaked Parsley. 2-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.95
Chervil. 3-4 ft. W. ⅛ in.95
Garden Beaked Parsley. 18 ins. W. 1⁄10 in.96
Gout-weed. 1-2 ft. G.W. ⅛ in.96
Crosswort. 6-18 ins. Y. 1⁄10 in.97
Mouse-ear Hawkweed. 2-10 ins. Y. Head 1 in.98
Groundsel. 6-12 ins. Y. Heads 3⁄16 in.98
Colt's-foot. 6 ins. Y. Heads 1 in.98
Thyme-leaved Speedwell. 3-10 ins. Li. ¼ in.100
Common Speedwell. 2-10 ins. p.Bl. 1⁄6 in.100
Germander Speedwell. 12-18 ins. Bl. ½ in.100
Wall Speedwell. 4-12 ins. p.Bl. 3⁄16 in.101
Grey Field Speedwell. 3-7 ins. Bl. 3⁄16 in.101
Green Field Speedwell. 4-8 ins. Bl. 3⁄16 in.102
White Dead Nettle. 6-18 ins. W. ⅝ in.102
Red Dead Nettle. 6-18 ins. Pu. ¼ in.103
Cut-leaved Dead Nettle. 6-18 ins. Ro. ¼ in.103
Ground Ivy. 8-20 ins. Bl.Pu. 5⁄16 in.104
Early Field Scorpion Grass. 4-10 ins. Bl. 1⁄16 in.104
Yellow Pimpernel. 4-10 ins. Y. ½ in.105
Dog's Mercury. 6-18 ins. G. 3⁄16 in.105
Black Bryony. 5-10 ft. Y.G. 3⁄16 in.106
Cuckoo Pint. 8-20 ins.106
Annual Meadow Grass.107
4. Meadows, Fields and Pastures—Spring.
Lesser Celandine. 3-6 ins. Y. 1 in.108
Creeping Buttercup. 6-12 ins. Y. ⅞ in.109
Bulbous Buttercup. 1-2 ft. Y. 1 in.110
Field Penny Cress. 6-24 ins. W. ⅛ in.110
Cuckoo Flower. 1-2 ft. W. or Li. ⅝ in.111
Wild Pansy. 4-10 ins. W.Y. and Pu. ¾ in.111
Ragged Robin. 1-2 ft. R. or Ro. 1 in.112
Spotted Medick. 6-24 ins. Y. 3⁄16 in.112
Netted Medick. 10-20 ins. Y. 1⁄16 in.112
Subterranean Trefoil. 6-18 ins. W.P. or C. ⅛ in.113
White Clover. 2-20 ins. W. 3⁄16 in. Heads ⅞ in.113
Hybrid Trefoil. 3-20 ins. W. or P. 3⁄16 in. Heads ⅞ in.113
Purple Clover. 5-20 ins. Pu. ¼ in. Heads 1¼ in.113
Spring Vetch. 8 ins. Pu. ¼ in.114
Common Vetch. 1-2 ft. p.Pu. ⅜ in.115
Meadow Saxifrage. 6-10 ins. W. ⅝ in.115
Earthnut. 1-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.116
Daisy. 2-6 ins. W. and Y. Heads ¾ in.116
Dandelion. 2-8 ins. Y. Head 1½ in. or more116
Butter-bur. 4-12 ins. P. or Pu. Heads ⅜ in.117
Yellow Rattle. 6-18 ins. Y. ¼ in.118
Field Louse-wort. 4-8 ins. Ro. ⅝ in.118
Henbit Dead Nettle. 5-10 ins. Ro. or Pu. ¼ in.119
Changing Scorpion Grass. 4-10 ins. Y. or Bl. 1⁄10 in.119
Cowslip. 6-12 ins. Y. 7⁄16 in.120
Common Sorrel. 1-2 ft. R.Pu. ⅛ in.120
Sheep's Sorrel. 3-12 ins. R.Pu. ⅛ in.121
Twayblade. 1-2 ft. Y.G. 7⁄16 in.121
Green-winged Orchis. 6-12 ins. G. and Pu. ½ in.122
Early Purple Orchis. 6-18 ins. Pu.P. or W., ⅝ in.122
Fox-tail Grass.122
5. Bogs, Marshes and Wet Places—Spring.
Marsh Marigold. 9-18 ins. Y. 1¼ in.123
Marsh Violet. 2-6 ins. Li. ⅝ in.123
Sundew. 2-6 ins. W. 3⁄16 in.355
Marsh Stitchwort. 6-18 ins. W. ½ in.124
Bog Stitchwort. 4-12 ins. W. 3⁄16 in.124
Marsh Cinquefoil. 6-18 ins. Pu.Br. ⅞ in.124
Common Golden Saxifrage 2-5 ins. Y. ⅛ in.125
Alternate-leaved Golden Saxifrage. 2-5 ins. Y. ⅛ in.125
Marsh Pennywort. Creeping. W. 1⁄16 in.126
Marsh Valerian. 6-8 ins. p.Ro. ⅛ in.126
Marsh Trefoil. 6-12 ins. P.W. ¾ in.127
Red Rattle. 6-18 ins. C. ⅝ in.127
Willows.128
Yellow Flag. 2-4 ft. Y. 3 ins.129
6. Woods, Thickets and Copses—Summer.
Lime Tree. 20-50 ft. Y.G. ⅜ in.130
Tutsan. 1-3 ft. Y. ¾ in.132
Rose of Sharon. 10-18 ins. Y. 3 ins.132
Common St. John's Wort. 1-2 ft. Y. ¾ in.132
Hairy St John's Wort. 1-3 ft. Y. ¾ in.133
Wood Crane's-bill. 1-2 ft. Bl.Pu. 1 in.133
Dyer's Green-weed. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅝ in.134
Sweet Milk Vetch. 2-3 ft. p.Y. or Cr. ¼ in.135
Tuberous Bitter Vetch. 6-12 ins. R.Pu. ⅜ in.135
Narrow-leaved Everlasting Pea. 2-6 ft. p.Pu. ¾ in.136
Wild Raspberry. 3-5 ft. W. 7⁄16 in.136
Rose Bay Willow herb. 2-6 ft. Ro. 1 in.137
Pale Smooth-leaved Willow-herb. 1-2 ft. Ro. ⅜ in.137
Enchanter's Nightshade. 1-2 ft. W. ¼ in.138
Dogwood. 5-8 ft. Y.W. ½ in. (Shrub)138
Wood Sanicle. 1-2 ft. P.W. 1⁄16 in.139
Angelica. 2-4 ft. W. ⅛ in.139
Elder Tree. 12-20 ft. W. or Cr. ¼ in.140
Guelder Rose. 6-9 ft. W. 3⁄16 to ⅝ in. (Shrub).141
Great Valerian. 2-4 ft. P.W. 3⁄16 in.142
Succory-leaved Hawk's-beard 1-3 ft. Y. Head ⅞ in.142
Saw-wort. 1-3 ft. Pu. or C. Heads 5⁄16 in.142
Golden Rod. 6-24 ins. Y. Heads 7⁄16 in.142
Great Leopard's-bane. 2-3 ft. Y. 1½ ins.143
Plantain-leaved Leopard's-bane. 2-3 ft. Y. 2 ins.143
Giant Bell-flower. 3-5 ft. Bl. 1¼ ins.144
Creeping Bell-flower. 1-2 ft. Bl. 1 in.144
Nettle-leaved Bell-flower. 1-3 ft. Bl. 1 in.144
Ivy-leaved Bell-flower. Creeping. p.Bl. 5⁄16 in.144
Holly Tree. 10-30 ft. W. 5⁄16 in.145
Privet (shrub). 4-12 ft. W. 5⁄16 in.145
Common Cow-wheat. 6-18 ins. p.Y. ¼ in.146
Crested Cow-wheat. 6-20 ins. Y. and Pu. 3⁄16 in.147
Wood Cow-wheat. 6-20 ins. d. Y. ⅛-3⁄16 in.147
Foxglove. 2-6 ft. Pu. or W. ⅞ in.148
Wood Betony. 1-2 ft. Pu., C., P. or W. ⅜ in.149
Wood Forget-me-not. 1-2 ft. Bl. ⅜ in.150
Millet Grass.150
Bearded Wheat.150
Slender False Brome Grass.150
7. Waysides and Waste Ground—Summer.
Wild Clematis. 4-10 ft. W. ¾ in.151
Hedge Mustard. 1-2 ft. Y. 1⁄10 in.152
Felix Weed. 1-2 ft. G.Y. 1⁄16 in.152
Dyer's Weed. 2-3 ft. Y. 3⁄16 in.153
Deptford Pink. 12-18 ins. Ro. ½ in.153
Red Campion. 1-2 ft. R. ⅞ in.153
Common Mallow. 2-3 ft. Li. 1¼ in.155
Dwarf Mallow. 6-24 ins. Li. ⅝ in.155
Musk Mallow. 2-3 ft. Ro. or W. 1½ in.156
Round-leaved Crane's-bill. 6-12 ins. P. ⅜ in.158
Bloody Crane's-bill. 1-2 ft. C. 1 in.158
Small-flowered Crane's-bill. 6-18 ins. Li. 1⁄3 in.158
Hemlock Stork's-bill. 6-18 ins. Ro. or W. ½ in.160
Bird's-foot Trefoil. 6-15 ins. Y. or O. ½ in.160
Hairy Tare. 1-2 ft. p.Bl. ⅛ in.161
Slender Tare. 1-2 ft. Bl. ⅛ in.161
Tufted Vetch. 3-6 ft. Bl.Pu. ¼ in.162
Herb Bennet. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅝ in.164
Dog Rose. 4-8 ft. P. or W. 2 ins.164
Silver Weed. 6-12 ins. Y. ⅞ in.165
Hoary Cinquefoil. 6-18 ins. Y. ½ in.166
Creeping Cinquefoil. 6-18 ins. Y. ¾ in.166
Agrimony. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅜ in.166
Broad Smooth-leaved Willow-herb. 1-2 ft. p.Pu. ⅜ in.166
Orpine. 10-20 ins. R.Pu. ⅜ in.166
Hemlock. 2-6 ft. W. 1⁄16 in.169
Fool's Parsley. 12-18 ins. W. 1⁄16 in.170
Wild Parsnip. 2-3 ft. Y. 1⁄10 in.170
Cow Parsnip. 4-5 ft. R.W. Outer flowers ⅜ in.170
Upright Hedge Parsley. 2-3 ft. W. or P. ⅛ in.171
Rough Chervil. 1-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.171
Honeysuckle. 10-12 ft. Y. and R. 1 in.172
Upright Honeysuckle. 3-6 ft. p.Y. ¼ in.172
Perfoliate Honeysuckle. 10-12 ft. R.W. 1¼ in.172
Great Hedge Bedstraw. 2-5 ft. W. 3⁄16 in.172
Goose Grass. 2-5 ft. W. 1⁄10 in.173
Teasel. 3-6 ft. p.Pu. Heads 2 ins.173
8. Waysides and Waste Ground—Summer. (Composite Flowers Only.)
Yellow Goat's-beard. 1-2 ft. Y. Heads 1¼ in.177
Bristly Ox-tongue. 2-3 ft. Y. Heads ⅞ in.177
Hawkweed Picris. 2-3 ft. Y. Heads 1 in.178
Strong-scented Lettuce. 3-4 ft. p.Y. Heads ⅜ in.178
Prickly Lettuce. 3-4 ft. Y. Heads ¼ in.179
Sharp-fringed Sow Thistle. 2-3 ft. Y. Heads ¾ in.179
Common Sow Thistle. 2-3 ft. Y. Heads ¾ in.180
Smooth Hawk's-beard. ½-3 ft. Y. Heads ½ in.180
Shrubby Hawkweed. 2-4 ft. Y. Heads ¾ in.181
Nipplewort. 1-2 ft. Y. Heads ⅜ in.181
Chicory. 1-3 ft. Bl. Heads 1½ in.182
Burdock. 2-6 ft. Pu. Heads ¾ in.182
Welted Thistle. 1-3 ft. Pu. Heads ¾ in.183
Spear Thistle. 1-5 ft. Pu. Heads 1¼ in.183
Creeping Thistle. 2-4 ft. Pu. Heads ¾ in.184
Tansy. 3 ft. Y. Heads ½ in.185
Mugwort. 2-4 ft. Br.Y. Heads ⅛ in.185
Wormwood. 1-2 ft. Y. Heads 3⁄16 in.186
Common Ragwort. 1-4 ft. Y. Heads ⅞ in.187
Feverfew. 1-2 ft. Y. and W. Heads ⅝ in.187
Scentless Mayweed. 1-2 ft. Y. and W. Heads 1¼-2 in.188
Milfoil. 6-18 ins. W. Heads 5⁄16 in.189
9. Waysides and Waste Ground—Summer (continued).
Rampion Bellflower. 2-3 ft. Bl. ⅝ in.190
Great Bindweed. 4-6 ft. W. 2 ins.190
Great Dodder. Parasitic. P. Heads ½ in.341
Lesser Dodder. Parasitic. P. Heads ¼ in.341
Flax Dodder. Parasitic. P. Heads ½ in.341
Clover Dodder. Parasitic. P. Heads ¼ in.341
Henbane. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅞ in.191
Black Nightshade. ½-2 ft. W. 7⁄16 in.192
Woody Nightshade. 3-6 ft. Pu. 7⁄16 in.192
Deadly Nightshade. 2-3 ft. Pu. ⅝ in.194
Red Bartsia. 6-18 ins. R. ¼ in.195
Yellow Toadflax. 1-3 ft. Y. ⅜ in.195
Vervein. 1-2 ft. Li. ⅛ in.196
Common Calamint. 1-2 ft. Pu. 1⁄3 in.198
Lesser Calamint. 1-2 ft. Pu. ¼ in.198
Balm. 1-3 ft. W. ⅜ in.198
Black Horehound. 2-3 ft. Pu. 1⁄3 in.199
Hedge Woundwort. 1-3 ft. R.Pu. 1⁄3 in.199
Field Scorpion Grass. 6-18 ins. Bl. 3⁄16 in.200
Gromwell. 12-18 ins. P.Y. 3⁄16 in.200
Borage. 1-2 ft. B. ⅞ in.200
Common Alkanet. 1-2 ft. B. 7⁄16 in.201
Evergreen Alkanet. 1-2 ft. B. ⅜ in.201
Hound's-tongue. 1-2 ft. R.Pu. ⅜ in.201
Buck's-horn Plantain. 2-9 ins. G. Spike 1-2 ins.202
Stinking Goose-foot. 6-15 ins. G. 1⁄16 in.203
Many-seeded Goose-foot. 8-20 ins. G. 1⁄16 in.203
Upright Goose-foot. 1-3 ft. G. 1⁄10 in.203
White Goose-foot. 1-3 ft. G. 1⁄10 in.204
Fig-leaved Goose-foot. 1-2 ft. G. 1⁄16 in.204
Red Goose-foot. 1-3 ft. G. 1⁄16 in.204
Mercury Goose-foot. 1-3 ft. G. 1⁄10 in.204
Orache. ½-3 ft. G. 1⁄16 in.204
Spotted Persicaria. 1-2 ft. G.Ro. ⅛ in.205
Pale Persicaria. 2-4 ft. G.P. ⅛ in.206
Knot-grass. 2-3 ft. Variable ⅛ in.206
Broad-leaved Dock. 2-3 ft. R.G. ⅛ in.206
Curled Dock. 2-3 ft. R.G. ⅛ in.207
Sun Spurge. 6-18 ins. G.Y. ¼ in.208
Petty Spurge. 6-12 ins. Y. 1⁄6 in.208
Small Nettle. 1-2 ft. G. 1⁄10 in.209
Great Nettle. 1-4 ft. G. 1⁄10 in.209
Roman Nettle. 1-2 ft. G. 1⁄5 in.209
Hop. 12-20 ft. G.Y. Male racemes 3½ ins. long. Female heads ⅝ in.210
Canary Grass.210
10. Meadows, Fields and Pastures—Summer.
Upright Buttercup. ½-3 ft. Y. ⅞ in.211
Pale Hairy Crowfoot. ½-1 ft. p.Y. ¾ in.212
Gold of Pleasure. 1-3 ft. Y. ⅛ in.212
Bladder Campion. 2-3 ft. W. ⅝ in.213
White Campion. 1-2 ft. W. 1 in.213
Kidney Vetch. 6-12 ins. Y. or O. ¼ in.214
Lucerne. 1-2 ft. Pu. or Bl. ¼ in.215
Common Melilot. 2-4 ft. Y. ⅛ in.215
Field Melilot. 1-2 ft. Y. 1⁄16 in.216
White Melilot. 2-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.216
Clustered Clover. 6-12 ins. Pu. or P. ⅛ in.216
Strawberry Trefoil. 6-12 ins. Ro. 1⁄16 in. Heads ¼ in. or more.216
Hare's-foot Trefoil. 6-12 ins. 1⁄16 in. Heads ⅜ in.217
Crimson Clover. 6-16 ins. C. or P. ¼ in. Heads 1 in. or more.217
Hop Trefoil. 6-20 ins. Y. 1⁄16 in. Heads ¼ in.217
Lesser Yellow Trefoil. 6-18 ins. p.Y. 1⁄10 in. Heads ¼ in.218
Meadow Vetchling. 1-2 ft. Y. ½ in.218
Great Burnet. 1-2 ft. Pu. ⅛ in. Heads ⅝ in.218
Lady's Mantle. 6-18 ins. Y.G. 3⁄16 in.218
Meadow Sweet. 2-4 ft. Cr. W. ¼ in.218
Burnet Saxifrage. 1-2 ft. W. 1⁄16 in.219
Wild Carrot. 1-2 ft. p.Pu. or W. ⅛ in.220
Devil's-bit Scabious. 1-2 ft. Bl.Pu. Heads ¾ in.220
Rough Hawkbit. 4-12 ins. Y. Heads 1¼ in.222
Autumnal Hawkbit. 6-18 ins. Y. Heads 1 in.223
Meadow Thistle. 12-18 ins. Pu. Heads 1⅛ in.224
Black Knapweed. ½-3 ft. Pu. Heads 1¼ in.224
Great Knapweed. 2-3 ft. Pu. or W. Heads 2 ins.225
Common Fleabane. ½-2 ft. Y. Heads ¾ in.225
Small Fleabane. 6-12 ins. Y. Heads ⅜ in.226
Ox-eye Daisy. 1-2 ft. Y. and W. 1¾ in.227
Sneeze-wort. 1-2 ft. W. ½ in.227
Centaury. 6-18 ins. Ro. or P. ⅜ in.227
Small Bindweed. ½-2 ft. P. 1 in.228
Meadow Clary. 1-2 ft. Bl. ⅝ in.229
Marjoram. 9-18 ins. Ro. Pu. 3⁄16 in.231
Self-heal. 4-10 ins. V. or Pu. ¼ in.232
Greater Plantain. 2-9 ins. G. ⅛ in. Spike 5-8 ins.232
Ribwort Plantain. 2-10 ins. G. ⅛ in. Spike 1 in.233
Marsh Orchis. 1-2 ft. W. to Pu. ⅝ in.233
Butterfly Orchis. 6-14 ins. W. or G.W. ½¾ in.234
Cat's-tail Grass.233
Meadow Barley.233
Sheep's Fescue Grass.234
Rye Grass or Darnel.234
Cock's-foot Grass.Plate IV
11. Bogs, Marshes, and Wet Places—Summer.
Lesser Spearwort. 4-12 ins. Y. ½ in.236
Greater Spearwort. 2-4 ft. Y. 1 to 1½ ins.236
Water Cress. 1-3 ft. W. ¼ in.236
Marsh Yellow Cress. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅛ in.237
Amphibious Yellow Cress. 2-3 ft. Y. ¼ in.237
Marsh Mallow. 2-3 ft. Ro. 1⅜ in.238
Marsh St. John's Wort. 6-12 ins. Y. ½ in.238
Marsh Pea. 2-3 ft. Bl.Pu. ½ in.239
Great Hairy Willow-herb. 3-6 ft. d.Ro. ⅞ in.239
Marsh Willow-herb. 6-18 ins. P. 5⁄16 in.240
Square-stalked Willow-herb. 1-2 ft. Ro. ⅜ in.240
Purple Loosestrife. 2-4 ft. P. or Pu. ¾ in.240
Procumbent Marsh-wort. 2-3 ft. W. 1⁄16 in.240
Water Hemlock. 3-4 ft. W. 1⁄16 in.241
Common Water Dropwort. 2-3 ft. W. 3⁄16 in.242
Hemlock Water Dropwort. 2-5 ft. W. 3⁄16 in.242
Fine-leaved Water Dropwort. 1-4 ft. W. ⅛ in.243
Marsh Thistle. 2-8 ft. Pu. or W. Heads ⅝ in.243
Nodding Bur Marigold. 1-2 ft. G.Y. Heads ¾ in.244
Trifid Bur Marigold. 1-2 ft. G.Y. Heads ½ in.244
Marsh Ragwort. 1-3 ft. Y. Heads 1 in.244
Marsh Speedwell. 4-8 ins. p.P. or W. 5⁄16 in.244
Water Speedwell. ½-2 ft. Li. or W. 3⁄16 in.245
Brooklime. 1-2 ft. Bl. or P. 1⁄3 in.245
Water Figwort. 2-4 ft. G.Br. or Pu. ¼ in.246
Knotted Figwort. 1-3 ft. G.Br. or Pu. 3⁄16 in.246
Gipsy-wort. 1-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.246
Round-leaved Mint. 1-3 ft. Li. 1⁄10 in.247
Water Mint. 1-3 ft. Li. ⅛ in.247
Marsh Whorled Mint. 2-5 ft. Li. ⅛ in.248
Marsh Woundwort. 1-3 ft. p.Pu. or R. ⅜ in.248
Forget-me-not. 12-18 ins. Bl. ⅜ in.249
Creeping Water Scorpion-grass. 4-12 ins. Bl. 5⁄16 in.249
Tufted Water Scorpion-grass. 5-18 ins. Bl. 3⁄16 in.249
Bog Pimpernel. 3-4 ins. P. ⅜ in.250
Water Pepper. 1-3 ft. P.G. ⅛ in.250
Marsh Helleborine. 6-18 ins. W. ⅝ in.250
Bog Asphodel. 6-10 ins. Y. ½ in.251
Common Rush. 1-3 ft. Br. ⅛ in.252
Hard Rush. 1-2 ft. Glossy Br. ⅛ in.252
Shining-fruited Jointed Rush. 1-2 ft. Br. ⅛ in.253
Toad Rush. 2-8 ins. Br. 1⁄10 in.253
Common Cotton Grass.254
Hare's-tail Cotton Grass.255
Common Sedge.256
Marsh Sedge.256
12. Heath, Down and Moor—Spring and Summer.
Milkwort. 2-9 ins. W. Li. or Bl. 3⁄16 in.259
Trailing St. John's-wort. 3-10 ins. Y. ⅜ in.260
Small St. John's wort. 12-20 ins. Y. ½ in.260
Broom. 2-6 ft. Y. ⅞ in. (Shrub)260
Furze. 2-5 ft. Y. ⅝ in. (Shrub)260
Dwarf Furze. 1-2 ft. Y. ½ in. (Shrub)261
Needle Whin. ½-2 ft. Y. ⅜ in. (Shrub)262
Common Rest Harrow. 1-2 ft. Ro. ⅝ in.262
Spiny Rest Harrow. 6-12 ins. Ro. ⅝ in.262
Dropwort. 12-18 ins. W. ⅜ in.262
Tormentil. 6-10 ins. Y. 5⁄16 in.262
Blackberry. 2-10 ft. W. or P. 1 in.263
Yellow Bedstraw. ½-2 ft. Y. or G. ⅛ in.263
Smooth Heath Bedstraw. 4-6 ins. W. ⅛ in.263
Upright Bedstraw. 1-2 ft. W. ⅛ in.264
Small Woodruff. 6-10 ins. W. or P. 3⁄16 in.264
Small Scabious. 1-2 ft. p.Pu. or Li. Heads 1⅛ ins.265
Hairy Hawkbit. 3-8 ins. Y. Heads ¾ in.266
Musk Thistle. 1-3 ft. Pu. or C. Heads 1¾ ins.266
Dwarf Thistle. 1-8 ins. Pu. Heads 1½ ins.266
Carline Thistle. 6-18 ins. Y. and Pu. Heads 1¼ in.267
Chamomile. 6-12 ins. Y. and W. Heads ⅞ in.268
Harebell. 6-20 ins. Bl. ¾ in.269
Clustered Bell-flower. 3-18 ins. Bl. ⅝ in.269
Sheep's-bit. 6-12 ins. Bl. or Li. Heads ⅝ in.270
Cross-leaved Heath. 12-18 ins. Ro. or W. ⅛ in.270
Ciliated Heath. 12-18 ins. Ro. or C. ⅛ in.271
Bell Heather. 1-2 ft. Pu., Ro. or W. ⅛ in.271
Ling. 1-2 ft. Ro., Li. or W. ⅛ in.271
Whortleberry. 6-18 ins. P. or G. 3⁄16 in.272
Great Bilberry. 6-10 ins. p.P. ⅛ in.272
Red Whortleberry. 6-18 ins. p.P. 3⁄16 in.272
Marsh Gentian. 6-10 ins. d.B. ⅞ in.273
Small-flowered Gentian. 3-12 ins. p.Pu. ⅜ in.273
Lesser Dodder. Parasitic on Heaths, &c.341
Eyebright. 1-8 ins. P. or Li. ⅜ in.274
Pennyroyal. 2-10 ins. Li. ⅛ in.274
Wild Thyme. 2-8 ins. Pu. 3⁄16 in.274
Wood Sage. 1-2 ft. G.W. 5⁄16 in.274
Lesser Skull-cap. 3-6 ins. p.P. 3⁄16 in.275
Dwarf Willow. 1-3 ft. (Shrub)276
Juniper. 1-5 ft. (Shrub)276
Autumnal Lady's Tresses. 4-8 ins. W. 3⁄16 in.277
Spotted Orchis. 6-15 ins. Pu., Li. or W. ½ in.277
Butcher's Broom. (Shrub). 3-4 ft. W. 1⁄6 in.278
Heath Rush. 4-10 ins.279
Field Woodrush. 4-7 ins.279
Quaking Grass.280
Mat Grass.280
13. Corn Fields.
Pheasant's-eye. 6-12 ins. C. 5⁄16 in.281
Mouse-tail. 2-6 ins. Y.G. 5⁄16 in.281
Corn Crowfoot. 6-18 ins. p.Y. ⅜ in.282
Field Larkspur. 9-18 ins. Bl., P., or W., 1 in.282
Common Red Poppy. 1-2 ft. Sc. 2-3 ins.283
Long-headed Poppy. 1-2 ft. Sc. 2 to 2½ ins.283
Long Prickly-headed Poppy. 6-10 ins. R. 1¼ to 1½ ins.283
Opium Poppy. 1-2 ft. W. or Bl. 2¼ to 2½ ins.284
Fumitory. 6-24 ins. P. or C. 1⁄16-3⁄16 in.285
Wild Mustard. 1-2 ft. Y. ½ in.286
White Mustard. 1-2 ft. Y. ⅜ in.286
Black Mustard. 1-3 ft. Y. ⅜ to ½ in.287
Wild Radish. 1-2 ft. W. Li., or p.Y., ¾ in.288
Corn Cockle. 1-3 ft. p.Pu., 1 in. or more.289
Corn Spurrey. 6-18 ins. W. ¼ in.289
Common Flax. 12-18 ins. Bl. ⅞ in.289
Shepherd's Needle. 3-12 ins. W. 1⁄16 in.289
Field Madder. 5-10 ins. Li., ⅛ in.290
Field Scabious. 1-4 ft. Li., Heads 1½ in.290
Corn Sow-thistle. 2-4 ft. Y. Heads 1¾ ins.291
Corn Blue-bottle. 1-2 ft. Bl. Heads 1 in.291
Corn Marigold. 12-18 ins. Y. Heads 1¼ in.292
Corn Chamomile. 1-2 ft. Y. and W. Heads 1 in.292
Stinking Chamomile. 9-15 ins. Y. and W. Heads 1 in.293
Corn Bellflower. 6-10 ins. Pu.Bl. or W. 5⁄16 in.293
Small Bugloss. ½-2 ft. p.Bl. ¼ in.294
Scarlet Pimpernel. 5-20 ins. Sc. ⅜ in.294
Climbing Persicaria. 1-4 ft. p.G. 3⁄16 in.295
Dwarf Spurge. 2-10 ins Y. ⅛ in.295
Wild Oat Grass. 2-3 ft.295
14. On the Chalk.
Pasque Flower. 5-8 ins. Pu. 1¼ to 1½ in.297
Round Prickly-headed Poppy. 12-18 ins. C. 1-2 ins.297
Bitter Candytuft. 6-9 ins. W., Li., or R., ¼ in.298
Wild Mignonette. 1-2 ft. Y. 3⁄16 in.298
Rock Rose. 3-9 ins. Y. ¾-1 in.298
Hoary Rock Rose. 5-8 ins. Y. ⅜ in.298
Hairy Violet. 3-6 ins. p.Bl., or W. ⅝ in.298
Perennial Flax. 1-2 ft. Bl. 1 in.299
Narrow-leaved Flax. 1-2 ft. Li. or Bl. ⅜ in.299
Sain-foin. 1-2 ft. Ro.R. ½ in.299
Tufted Horse-shoe Vetch. 5-20 ins. Y. 5⁄16 in.299
Sweet Briar. 3-6 ft. Ro. 1¼ to 1½ in.300
Lesser Burnet. 6-18 ins. Pu. ⅛ in. Heads ½ in.302
Rough-fruited Corn Bedstraw. 1-3 ft. W. ⅛ in.302
Red Spur Valerian. 1-3 ft. Ro.R. 3⁄16 in.302
Woolly-headed Plume Thistle. 3-5 ft. p.Pu. Heads 2½ ins.303
Ploughman's Spikenard. 2-5 ft. Y. Heads ⅜ in.303
Field Gentian. 4-10 ins. Bl. Pu. 7⁄16 in.304
Yellow-wort. 6-20 ins. Y. ⅝ in.304
Great Mullein. 2-5 ft. p.Y. or W. ¾ in.304
White Mullein. 2-3 ft. W. or Cr. ⅜ in.305
Yellow Hoary Mullein. 2-3 ft. Y. ⅝ in.305
Dark Mullein. 2-3 ft. Y. ½ in.305
Spiked Speedwell. 6-12 ins. Bl., or P. 5⁄16 in.305
Wild Sage. 1-2 ft. Bl.Pu. 3⁄16 in.306
Red Hemp Nettle. 9-12 ins. Ro. 5⁄16 in.306
Viper's Bugloss. 1-3 ft. Ro. or Bl.Pu. ½ in.306
Purple Viper's Bugloss. 1-3 ft. Bl. ⅜ in.307
Lamb's-tongue. 3-12 ins. G. ⅛ in. Spikes 2-4 ins.307
Broad-leaved Helleborine. 1-3 ft. G. and Pu. ¼ in.308
Large White Helleborine. 6-20 ins. Cr.W. ¾ in.308
Pyramidal Orchis. 6-18 ins. Ro., or W. 5⁄16 in.308
Sweet-scented Orchis. 12-18 ins. Ro. ⅜ in.309
Green Man Orchis. 6-12 ins. G.Y. ⅝ in.309
Green Musk Orchis. 5-6 ins. G. ½ in.309
Bee Orchis. 6-12 ins. Pu., Br., and P. ⅝ in.310
Late Spider Orchis. 6-12 ins. Pu. ⅝ in.310
Spider Orchis. 6-10 ins. Pu.Br. ¾ in.310
Fly Orchis. 6-12 ins. Br.Pu., and Bl. ⅝ in.310
Downy Oat Grass. 1-2 ft.311
Yellow Oat Grass. 1-2 ft.311
15. On River Banks.
Common Meadow Rue. 1-4 ft. p.Y. ½ in.312
Meadow Crane's-bill. 1-4 ft. Bl.Pu. 1 to 1¼ in.312
Hemp Agrimony. 2-6 ft. Li. Flowers ⅛ in. in small heads.313
Common Skull-cap. 8-16 ins. Bl. ¼ in.313
Comfrey. 2-3 ft. Y.W., or Pu. ⅜ in.315
Yellow Loosestrife. 2-3 ft. Y. ⅝ in.315
Purple Loosestrife. 2-4 ft. P. or Pu. ¾ in.240
Great Water Dock. 3-6 ft. R.G. ⅛ in.317
Willows and Sallows.317
16. On Walls, Roofs, and Rocks.
Wallflower. 6-12 ins. Y. or O. ⅞ in.320
Wall Rocket. 1-3 ft. p.Y. ⅝ in.320
Vernal Sandwort. 2-4 ins. W. ⅜ in.320
Shining Crane's-bill. 6-18 ins. Ro. ¼ in.320
English Stonecrop. 2-3 ins. W. or P. 5⁄16 in.321
White Stonecrop. 3-7 ins. W. or P. ¼ in.322
Biting Stonecrop. 2-4 ins. Y. ½ in.322
House Leek. 9-18 ins. Pu. or P. ¾ in.323
Wall Pennywort. 6-18 ins. Y.G. 3⁄16 in.323
London Pride. 6-12 ins. W., or P. ¼ in.324
Starry Saxifrage. 3-7 ins. W. 7⁄16 in.325
Yellow Mountain Saxifrage. 5-6 ins. Y. ⅝ in.325
Rue-leaved Saxifrage. 3-5 ins. W. ⅛ in.325
Mossy Saxifrage. 3-10 ins. W. ⅝ in.326
Snapdragon. 1-2 ft. W. to C. ¾ in.326
Ivy-leaved Toadflax. 3-20 ins. Li. 3⁄16 in.327
Wall Pellitory. 6-24 ins. G. 1⁄16 in.327
17. Autumn Flowers.
(Most of the following flowers bloom during the summer, and have been included in foregoing lists; but these, together with the few new species named, may be seen in flower during the autumn months.)
Pheasant's-eye. 6-12 ins. C. 5⁄16 in. (Fields)281
Hairy Crowfoot. 6-12 ins. Y. ¾ in. (Fields)212
Shepherd's Purse. 6-18 ins. W. 1⁄10 in. (Waysides)81
Rock Rose. 3-9 ins. Y. ⅞ in. (Banks)298
Chickweed. 3-12 ins. W. 3⁄16 in. (Waysides)87
Herb Robert. 1-2 ft. P. ½ in. (Waysides)90
Silver Weed. 6-12 ins. Y. ⅞ in. (Waysides)165
Ivy. Climbing. p.G. ⅜ in. (Walls and Woods)339
Yellow Bedstraw. ½-2 ft. Y. or G. ⅛ in. (Downs)263
Small Scabious. 1-2 ft. Li. Heads 1⅛ in. (Heaths)265
Devil's-bit Scabious. 1-2 ft. Pu.Bl. Heads ¾ in. (Pastures)220
Field Scabious. 1-4 ft. Li. Heads 1½ ins. (Fields)290
Dandelion. 2-8 ins. Y. Heads 1¾ in. (Meadows, &c.)116
Carline Thistle. 6-18 ins. Y. and Pu. Heads 1¼ in. (Downs)267
Black Knapweed. ½-3 ft. Pu. Heads 1¼ in. (Meadows)224
Great Knapweed. 2-3 ft. Pu., or W. Heads 2 in. (Fields)225
Groundsel. 6-12 ins. Y. Heads 3⁄16 in. (Waysides)98
Fleabane. 6-24 ins. Y. Heads ⅞ in. (Moist places)225
Daisy. 2-6 ins. Y. and W. Heads ¾ in. (Pastures)116
Scentless Mayweed. 1-2 ft. Y., and W. Heads 1¼-2 ins. (Waysides)188
Chamomile. 6-12 ins. Y. and W. Heads ⅞ in. (Waysides)268
Milfoil. 8-18 ins. W. Heads 5⁄16 in. (Waysides)189
Ling. 1-2 ft. Ro. or W. ⅛ in. (Moors)271
Fine-leaved Heath. 1-2 ft. P. or W. ⅛ in. (Moors)271
Strawberry Tree. 8-12 ft. Cr. 3⁄16 in. (Woods—Ireland)338
Dark Mullein. 2-3 ft. Y. ½ in. (On chalk)305
Yellow Toadflax. 1-3 ft. Y. ⅜ in. (Waysides, fields)195
Wild Clary or Sage. 1-2 ft. Bl.Pu. 3⁄16 in. (On chalk)306
White Dead Nettle. 6-20 ins. W. ⅝ in. (Waste places)102
Red Dead Nettle. 6-18 ins. Pu. ¼ in. (Waste places)103
Red Hemp Nettle. 8-12 ins. Ro. 5⁄16 in. (Fields, &c.)306
White Goose-foot. 1-3 ft. G. 1⁄10 in. (Waste places)204
Halberd-leaved Orache. ½-3 ft. G. 1⁄16. (Waste places)204
Spotted Persicaria. 1-2 ft. Ro. and G. ⅛ in. (Wastes)205
Knot-grass. 1-2 ft. Variable. ⅛ in. (Waste places)206
Petty Spurge. 6-12 ins. Y. 1⁄6 in. (Waste places)208
Wall Pellitory. ½-2 ft. G. 1⁄16 in. (Walls)327
Annual Meadow Grass. 3-10 ins.107
18. Parasitic Plants.
Greater Dodder—On Hops, Nettles, and Trees.341
Flax Dodder—On Flax.341
Lesser Dodder—On Thyme, Ling, &c.341
Clover Dodder—On Clover.341
Toothwort—On roots of Trees.344
Great Broomrape—On roots of Furze and Broom.345
Clove Broomrape—On roots of Bedstraw.345
Tall Broomrape—On roots of Knapweed.346
Least Broomrape—On various roots.346
Mistletoe—On branches of Trees.346
Eyebright—On roots of Grasses, &c.349
Yellow Rattle—On roots of Grasses, &c.349
Cow-wheat—On roots of Grasses, &c.349
Lousewort—On roots of Grasses, &c.349
19. Carnivorous Plants.
Bladderworts—Aquatic.350
Tooth-wort—At roots of Trees.351
Butterworts—Marshes.353
Sundews—Marshes.353