INDEX.

Absorption of moisture; 303, 304, 322 Absorption of Fertilizing substances; 268

Aeration; 269, 276

Albert Model Farm; 375

American experiments; 367

Anderson, J. F.; 112

Arrangement of drains; 173

Artesian Wells; 83

Attraction, adhesive; 301 Attraction, capillary; 302 Attraction of soils for vapor; 304

Auger, Elkington's; 35, 246

Bache, Prof.; 65

Back water; 181

Barn cellar; 356-359

Bergen, Mr.; 199

Birmingham spades; 240

Bletonism; 36

Blodgett, Lorin; 51, 59

Bligh, Captain; 24, 27

Bogs; 91

Boning-rod; 234

Bore, form of; 129

Boring; 35, 365

Boring tools; 35, 346

Boyle, Wm.; 375

Branch pipes; 196, 378

Bricks, draining; 121, 144 Bricks, draining, cost of; 204

Brush drains; 104, 105

Capacity of pipes; 131, 132, 134, 201

Capillary attraction; 302

Cellars, drainage of; 351-359

Challoner's Level; 235

Clay soil; 167, 329

Clays, drainage of; 322-332

Clays, cracking of; 275, 324-331

Collars; 47, 126, 127, 128, 219, 316, 320, 378

Cold from evaporation; 63, 272

Cost of drainage; 211-224, 309, 376 Cost of tiles; 201-205, 381

Count Rumford; 272, 273, 287

Country Gentleman; 16, 198, 329

Crisp, Thomas; 203

Custis, G. W. P.; 18

Dams; 333, 347

Deanston system; 37

Delafield; 46, 76, 168

Denton, J. Bailey; 21, 161 Denton, Letter from; 200

Depth of drains; 164-173, 326, 328, 377

Directions how to lay drains; 252-258

Dew, cause of; 305 Dew, increased by drainage; 284, 306 Dew, imparts warmth; 307

Dew-point; 65, 66, 306

Dickinson, A. B.; 108

Direction of drains; 146-155

Distance of drains; 155-164, 377

Ditch diggers; 247-251

Drainage acts; 349 Drainage companies; 333 Drainage effects of; 258-276 Drainage methods of; 99-120 Drainage water of; 60, 61, 339

Drainage, will it pay?; 95

Drain bricks; 121, 144

Drains of brush; 104 Drains, larch tubes; 111 Drains, plug; 106 Drains of poles; 113 Drains, rails; 112 Drains, stones; 114-119 Drains, wedge; 110 Drains run before rain; 269, 270

Drought, drains prevent; 281-286, 300

Dry Wells; 197, 198

Durability of drains; 141-145

Elkington's system; 27, 33, 240, 365

Embankment; 18

Emerson, R. W.; 15, 23

Engineering; 163, 213

England; 19, 340 England, wet land in; 89

English tools; 243

Evaporation; 48, 61, 62, 293-297 Evaporation, cold from; 63, 272, 293-297 Evaporation from land; 62, 69, 72 Evaporation from water; 62, 69, 73

Excavation; 165 Excavation, cost of; 165, 201, 214 Excavation, table of; 216

Experiments, American; 367, 376

Factory reservoirs; 341-343

Fall in drains; 174, 378

Fences; 211, 346

Filtration; 41, 60, 61

Filtration tables of; 70, 71

Fitzherbert; 23

Flat-bottomed tiles; 129

Flowage, effects of; 333, 341, 343, 346

Flushing drains; 186

Freezing out; 75, 262 Freezing of pipes; 171

French's plan; 373

Friction of water; 131, 133

Frost; 67, 143, 170, 172, 297, 299

Fruit trees; 298, 374

Furrows; 195

Gauge; 246

Germination; 276-281

Gillis, Lieut.; 65

Gisborne; 122, 126

Gravitation; 131

Grading drains; 233

Gratings at outlets; 183

Great Britain; 89 Great Britain, wet lands in; 89

Greeley, Horace; 88

Haarlaem, Lake; 19

Headers; 153, 154

Heat in wet land; 288-290 Heat in water; 272, 273

Hobbs, Doctor; 51, 54, 56

Holyoke, Doctor; 62

Horse-shoe tiles; 124

Implements; 225, 252

Indications of moisture; 93

Injury by drainage; 308, 313

Ireland, drainage in; 376

Irrigation; 14

Irish spade; 238

Johnson, B. P.; 17

Johnston, John; 46, 168, 256, 262, 328, 329

Johnstone; 28, 31, 120

Joints, how covered; 255 Joints, spaces at; 134, 140

Junction of drains; 195, 196

Keythorpe system; 40

Klippart, J. H.; 16

Land Drainage Companies; 349

Larch tubes; 111

Lardner, Dr.; 270

Laying out drains; 213, 253

Laying tiles; 219, 252-258

Legal rights to water; 85, 86, 346

Legislation; 340

Levelling instruments; 229-235

Lincolnshire fens; 19, 310

Lines, use of; 233, 253

Lord Lincoln's Act; 347

Madden, Doctor; 276

Mains, position and size of; 190-194

Mangolds, obstruction by; 316, 317, 379

Mapes, Prof.; 16, 167

Massachusetts, laws; 347

Mechi, Sheriff; 260, 339

Methods of drainage; 99

Mice; 104, 116, 315

Mill dams; 340-344

Mill streams; 89, 333

Minors; 194

Moisture, sources of; 78

Moles; 104, 116

Mole drains; 107

Mole Plow; 108

Moon, influence of; 306

Morris, Edward; 60

Nash, Prof.; 199

Nene River; 337

New York Park; 47, 219

Nourse, B. F.; 285, 299, 367 Nourse, statement and plan of; 195, 367, 372

Obstruction of drains; 313-320 Obstruction by sand; 313, 321 Obstruction by frogs, &c.; 183, 315, 379 Obstruction, per-oxide of iron; 317 Obstruction, roots; 315, 316, 379 Obstruction, filling at joints; 319

Open ditches; 99, 263 Open ditches, objections to; 101, 102

Opening ditches; 252

Outfalls; 345

Outlets; 176-183, 219, 252, 257, 315, 378

Over-draining peats; 309, 366

Parkes, Josiah; 25, 38, 40, 128

Paul's ditcher; 250

Peat tiles; 113

Peats, over-draining of; 309, 366

Peep-holes; 187, 188, 321, 373

Per-oxide of iron; 317

Pettibone, J. S.; 329

Picks; 245

Pipes; 47, 122, 123, 144 Pipes, capacity of; 131-138, 159, 191, 193 Pipes, cost in England; 201, 204 Pipes, cost in United States; 202-205, 218 Pipes, position of; 190-194

Pipe layer; 244, 245

Plans of drains; 195, 372, 377 Plans, importance of; 161

Plow, use of; 253, 379

Plow, Fowler's drain; 247, 248 Plow, Shanghae; 109 Paul's ditcher; 250 Routt's; 251

Plug drains; 107

Pole drain; 113

Pratt's Ditch digger; 248, 249

Pressure of water; 131, 132, 331, 332, 356 Pressure, water of; 84

Process of draining; 252-258

Puddling; 198, 266, 323

Pulverization; 260, 282, 299

Rain; 48, 158, 159, 284

Rain-fall; 50, 158, 378

Rain-fall, tables of; 53-60, 70-73

Relief pipes; 184, 186

Reservoirs; 341, 343

Ridge and furrow; 195

Rolling pipes; 205, 380

Roots, length of; 258, 259, 283 Roots, obstruction by; 315, 316, 379

Round pipes; 47, 122

Rumford, Count; 272, 273, 287

Ruffin, Edmund, Esq.; 29, 364

Rye and Derwent; 344

Saturation; 66

Scoops; 244

Screens at outlets; 183

Season lengthened; 261

Shallow drains; 168

Shanghae plow; 109

Shedd and Edson; 21, 51, 372

Shoulder drain; 110

Shovels; 236, 237

Silt basin; 186, 379

Sinkholes; 198

Size of tiles; 190, 201, 377

Smith, of Deanston; 26, 37

Snow, fall of; 59

Sole-tile; 125

Spades; 235, 236, 240-242

Spirit level; 230

Springs; 78-83 Springs, drainage of; 34 Springs, run before rain; 270-271 Springs, how to preserve; 189

Staff and target; 231

Stagnant water; 93

Stone drains; 114-119, 377 Stone drains, cost of; 114, 222

Stones above tiles; 118

Streams affected by drainage; 333-340

Subsoil plow; 169

Subsoiler, Marcus and Co.'s; 107

Surface washing prevented; 261

Swallow-holes; 197, 198

Swamps; 91, 360 Swamps, drainage of; 360-363

Swamp-lands; 17

Swan, R. J.; 168

System, importance of; 160, 173

Tables of evaporation; 72, 73 Tables of excavation; 216 Tables of filtration; 70, 71 Tables of rain-fall; 53-59, 71-73 Tables of tiles to acre; 220 Tables of number of rods; 220 Tables of capacity of pipes; 135-138

Talpa; 23

Temperature; 67, 189, 280, 287-300 Temperature, underground; 187, 288, 291 Temperature, for vegetation; 271

Thermometer, wet and dry; 64, 65

Thomas, J. J.; 229

Tile-drainage; 120

Tiles, cost in England; 201, 212 Tiles, cost in United States; 201-205 Tiles, forms of; 122-130 Tiles, length of; 221 Tiles, size of; 130-138 Tiles, weight of; 219 Tiles, number to the acre; 220

Tile machines; 46, 202-210

Tile-works; 47, 121

Tools; 225-246

Tops and bottoms; 140, 319, 379

Traps; 185, 186, 379, 380

Velocity of water; 131

Vermin; 104

Virginia; 18, 364

Warder, Doctor; 346

Water, how it enters; 138, 314, 320 Water, stagnant; 93 Water of drainage, uses of; 189, 339 Water, velocity of; 131

Water passage; 129

Water-line; 51, 139

Water-powers; 333, 335, 341-345

Water of pressure; 84, 161

Water, pressure of; 84, 140, 141 Water, rights in; 85, 86

Wedge drain; 110, 236

Weight of tiles; 219, 381

Wells, drainage into; 197-199 Wells, dried by drains; 85, 366

Well and relief-pipe; 184-186

Well with silt trap; 186

Wharncliffe system; 44

Width of ditches; 215-218, 226

Wright, Gov.; 17

Yeomans, T. G.; 46, 108