GENERAL INDEX
Reading edition
a, as in fare, represented by ai, by ay, by e, by ei, 114.
“a, broad,” 109, 136;
represented by au, by aw, by o, by oa, 114;
by ou, 114, 156.
“a, long,” an e sound, 103, 114;
represented by ai, by ay, by ea, by ei, by ey, by e, by ao, by au, 115.
a, long, represented by ua, by ea, by e, by au, 113.
a, short, represented by ua, by ai, 114.
a, sounds of, 100-103, 104, 106;
weakened to e, 267;
represents short e, 119, 120;
represents short o, 126.
Academies, influence of, 59.
Addison, Joseph, 30, 31, 137.
ae, digraph, disappearance of, 122, 123;
represents “long e,” 122.
ai, digraph, represents a of fare, 136;
“long a,” 115, 136;
“long i,” 77, 126, 137;
short e, 119, 136.
Allen, Grant, 117.
Alphabet, for what invented, 73;
English, 76;
insufficiency of Roman, 97, 99, 107.
American spelling, so-called, 18, 25-29, 32.
Analogical spelling, 251, 254, 332-334.
Anglo-French words, 234, 288.
Anglo-Saxon, 27, 150, 175, 267, 291, 300.
ao, digraph, represents “long a,” 115.
Arber, Edward, 151, 268.
Armstrong, John, 216, 217, 220.
Arnold, Matthew, 59-70.
Ascham, Roger, 127, 151, 268.
Association, sentiment of, 10-16, 20, 35, 36.
Ash, John, 228.
au, digraph, represents “broad a,” 114;
“long a,” 115;
long a, 113.
aw, digraph, 109, 136;
represents “broad a,” 114.
ay, digraph, represents a of fare, 114;
“long a,” 115, 140;
“long e,” 122,
141;
“long i,” 77;
short e, 119.
b, unpronounced, 165-167, 172-175.
Bacon, Sir Francis, 27.
Bailey, Nathan, 64, 205.
Black-letter, 212.
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, viscount, 217.
Boston, 89, 302.
Boswell, James, 218-221, 292.
Bullokar, John, 64.
Byron, George Gordon Noel, Lord, 131, 191.
c, letter, 79, 80, 97, 305;
before e, 26-28;
unpronounced, 172, 175, 289.
Cambridge University, 19.
Cedo, derivatives of Latin, 8, 253.
Celtic origin, words of, 156.
ch, digraph, 185;
sounded as k, kw, and sh, 186.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 63, 80, 197, 274.
Child, Francis James, 8, 9, 91.
Clarke, Mary Cowden, 29.
Cocker, Edward, 64.
Coles, Elisha, 64, 205.
Congreve, William, 225.
Consonants, sounds of, 160 ff.
Copyists of manuscripts, 273-275.
d, crossed letter, 97.
d, letter and sound, 184, 188.
Derivation, influence of, on
spelling, 11, 190, 200, 209, 210, 212, 243, 247-251, 283-307.
Dickens, Charles, 271, 316.
Dictionaries, English, 277.
See under Ash, Bailey, Bullokar, Cocker, Coles, Dyche and Pardon, Fenning, Johnson, Johnston, Kenrick, Kersey, Knowles, Martin, Minsheu, Nares, Perry, Phillips, Sheridan, Smart, Todd, Walker, Webster, Worcester.
Dictionary, New Historical English, 115, 139, 142, 144, 195.
Digraphs, 108, 134-160.
Diphthongs, 108, 133.
Dryden, John, 318.
Dyche and Pardon’s Dictionary, 64, 65, 205, 228.
e, letter and sound, 103, 106, 265;
final, unpronounced, 265-271;
medial unpronounced, 246, 257;
represents “short u,” 132.
“e, long,” 105, 121, 136;
represented by œ, 122, 123;
by ay, 142;
by ea, 142, 143;
by ee, by ei, by eo, 148;
by ey, 142;
by ie, 149; by œ, 152.
e, short, represents long a, and “short u,” 113;
short i, 123, 260, 262;
is represented by ai, by ay, by ei, 119;
by a, 119, 120;
by ea, 119, 143;
by eo, 119, 148;
by ie, 150.
ea, digraph, represents a of fare, 114;
of father, 113, 144;
“long a,” 115, 146;
“long e,” 122, 143, 333;
short e, 119, 143, 333;
“short u,” 132, 143, 334.
eau, represents long o, 127.
ed, termination, sounded as t, 37.
ee, digraph, 109, 136, 145;
represents “long e,” 122, 136, 263;
short i, 124, 136.
ei, digraph, represents a of fare, 114, 145;
“long a,” 104, 115, 145;
“long e,” 122, 145-148;
“long i,” 77, 126, 145-148;
short e, 119, 145.
Ellis, Alexander John, 274, 304.
eo, digraph, represents “long e,” 122, 148;
long o, 127, 148;
short e, 119, 148.
er or re, ending, 8, 26-35.
eu, digraph, represents long u, 129;
u with y element, 130, 148.
ew, digraph, represents long o, 127;
long u, 129;
u with y element 130, 148.
ey, digraph, represents “long a,” 104, 115, 142, 145;
“long e,” 122, 142, 145;
long i, 77, 126.
f, letter and sound, 162;
displacing ph, 287, 288.
Farquhar, George, 225.
French Academy, 48, 51.
French methods contrasted with English, 42-48.
French derivation, words of, 163, 169, 181, 196, 197, 233, 289, 290.
French orthography, 47, 71.
French, Old, 118, 176, 177, 179, 201.
g, letter followed by e, 157;
unpronounced, 172, 176, 285.
Garrick, David, 147.
German, orthography, 13, 49, 50, 166, 304, 306, 322.
gh, digraph, 170, 172, 181.
Gladstone, William Ewart, 53.
Glossographia Anglicana Nova, 64.
gn, words beginning with, 163, 164.
Grammar of writers once altered, 21.
Greek origin, words of, 165, 175, 176, 177, 287, 288, 294, 299.
Grimm, Jakob, 90.
h, letter and sound unpronounced, 163, 165, 170, 172, 177-179, 198, 199, 290;
initial, dropped, 198, 303, 307.
Hare, Julius Charles, 224-226.
Heine, Heinrich, 189.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 130, 149.
Hume, David, 214-218.
i, letter and sound, 97, 104, 105, 106;
represents “short u,” 132.
“i, long,” a diphthong, 105, 133, 159;
sound of represented by ai, by ay, by ey, by i, by uy, by y, by ye, 77;
by ei, 77, 126;
by ie, 77, 149;
by oi, 77, 134;
by ui, 158.
i, short, represented by e, 123, 124, 260;
by ee, 124, 136, 262-264;
by ie, 124;
by o, 124;
by u, 124;
by ui, 124;
by y, 123.
ie, digraph, represents “long e,” 122, 149;
“long i,” 77, 126, 149;
short i, 124;
“short u,” 132.
ieu, represents ef, 262;
long u, 129.
ile, ending, 269, 270.
ine, ending, 269, 271.
Italian language and orthography, 49, 201, 287, 322.
ite, ending, 269.
ive, ending, 269, 271.
j, sounded as y, 183.
Johnson, Samuel, 64, 65, 102, 123, 127, 137, 145, 205, 207-214, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 227, 228, 244, 254, 257, 278, 326.
Johnston, William, 155.
Jonson, Ben, 127, 255.
Journal des Débats, 61.
k, letter and sound, 26-28,
97, 163, 170, 171, 172, 260, 290, 291-293, 303-306.
Kenrick, William, 155.
Kersey, John, 205.
Knowles, James Sheridan, 66.
l, letter and sound, 172, 179, 257, 258, 262, 335.
Lamb, Charles, 266.
Landor, Walter Savage, 225-227.
Latham, Robert Gordon, 68.
L’Estrange, Roger, 115.
logue, words ending in, 158.
m, letter, 162.
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lord, 267, 316.
Manley, Mrs., 87.
Martin, Benjamin, 65, 205.
Metric system, 55.
Middleton, Conyers, 217.
Millar, Andrew, 217.
Milton, John, 144, 225, 299, 312.
Minsheu, John, 64.
Mitford, William, 289.
Moore, Thomas, 191.
Morris, William, 191.
Müller, Max, 91.
n, letter and sound, 165, 264.
Nares, Robert, 146, 155.
ng, digraph, 185, 186.
Normandy, dialect of, 115.
Northern English dialect, 144.
Notes and Queries, 236.
o, letter and sound, 105, 106, 126, 127, 267;
represents “broad a,” 114;
long u, 128;
short i, 124;
short u, 128;
“short u,” 132.
o, long, represented by eau, 127, 153;
by eo, 127, 153;
by ew, 127;
by oa, 126;
by oe, 126;
by oo, 127, 153;
by ou, 127, 156;
by ow, 127, 156.
oa, digraph, represents “broad a,” 114, 151;
long o, 126, 151.
oc, ock, ending, 171.
oe, digraph, in classical words, 152;
represents long o, 126, 152;
long u, 128, 152;
“short u,” 133, 152.
oi, diphthong, 133;
represents “long i,” 77.
oo, digraph, represents long o, 127, 153;
long u, 128, 152;
short u, 128, 152;
“short u,” 132, 152.
or, our, ending, history of, 193-237.
Orthography, English, creation of printing-houses, 23, 24, 35, 272-278.
os, oes, ending, 334.
ou, diphthong, 133, 153, 154;
digraph, represents “broad a,” 114, 156;
long o, 127, 156;
long u, 128, 153;
short u, 128, 156;
“short u,” 132;
various sounds of, 77, 156.
ow, diphthong, 156;
digraph, represents long o, 127, 156, 169.
oy, diphthong, 133.
p, letter and sound, 163;
pronounced as b, 183;
unpronounced, 179-181.
Paris, dialect of, 115.
Perry, William, 155.
ph, digraph, 165.
Phillips, Edward, 64, 205.
Phonetic orthography, 71-75, 145, 239, 241, 243, 299, 321-330.
Phonetic sense, lost to English, 308.
Pope, Alexander, 154, 155, 217, 266.
Practical men, easy omniscience of, 91.
Printing, effect of, on spelling, 272-278.
Printing-house, English orthography the creation of, 23, 272-278.
Professors, guilelessness of, 91.
Pronouncing dictionaries, 145, 325-328.
Pronunciation, spelling designed to represent, 11, 73-76;
made to accord with the spelling, 259-265.
Proper names, orthography of, 296, 301-303.
Public, hostility of, toward reforming spelling, 6, 17.
Publishing houses, orthography adopted by, 5, 20-23.
q, letter, 97.
qu, digraph, 260.
r, letter and sound, 79, 80.
Ramsay, Allan, 217.
Reasoning powers, impairment of, 335-337.
Richardson, Samuel, 86.
Ritson, Joseph, 245-248.
Roosevelt, President, his order about spelling, 1, 59, 308.
Runic letters, 97.
s, of pleasure, represented by s, by si, by z, by zi, 187.
s, unpronounced, 172, 181, 290.
Sanskrit, 100.
Scott, Sir Walter, 247.
sh (of ship), digraph, represented by ce, by ci, by s, by si, by t, by ti, by xi, 187.
Shakespeare, William, 22, 24-30, 32-35, 116, 194, 195, 201-203.
Sheridan, Thomas, 65, 207, 221, 263, 326.
Signs, insufficiency of, in English, 96, 97, 99.
Smart, Benjamin Humphrey, 66, 147, 230, 263.
Sounds, 75, 76;
number of, 96, 107;
ignorance of, 78, 241.
Southey, Robert, 131.
Spanish spelling, 49, 322.
Spelling, difference between present and past, 20-23, 24, 25;
ignorance of nature and history of, 56 ff.
Spelling reform, attitude of men of letters toward, 58;
attitude of women
toward, 82-86;
not limited to English race, 48.
Spenser, Edmund, 14, 155, 184, 185, 225.
Sterne, Lawrence, 52.
Strahan, William, 217.
Swift, Jonathan, 31.
t, represented by ed, 184, 185;
unpronounced, 165, 169, 172, 181.
Taylor, William, 131.
Tennyson, Alfred, 142, 155.
th, digraph, surd and sonant sounds of, 96-99;
represents t, 185.
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 316.
“Thorn” letter, 97, 98.
Times, London, 18, 60, 61, 62, 67, 68, 69.
Todd, Henry John, 68.
Tonson, Jacob, 30.
Tooke, John Horne, 227.
Trench, Richard Chenevix, 285, 294, 299, 308, 327.
u, letter and sound, 97, 128, 129, 267, 293;
represents short i, 124;
sounded as w, 157;
with y element, represented by u, by ue, by eu, by ew, 130.
u, long, represented by o, by oe, by ou, 128;
by oo, 128, 152;
by ue, by ui, by eu, by ew, by ieu, 129.
u, short, represented by o, by ou, 128;
by oo, 128, 153.
“u, short,” 105, 106, 111, 113, 131;
short sound of, represented by u, by oe, 132;
by o, 132, 153;
by oo, 132, 153;
long sound of represented by e, by i, by o, by ie, 132;
by ea, 132, 144;
by ou, 132, 153.
ua, digraph, represents long a, 113;
short a, 114;
as wa, 157.
ue, digraph, represents long u, 129, 158;
as we, 157;
final, unpronounced, 158.
ui, digraph, represents long u, 129, 159;
short i, 124;
“long i,” 159.
Unaccented syllables, indistinctness of sound of, 110.
Uniformity of spelling, desire of, 277-278.
uy, digraph, represents long i, 77, 126, 157;
short i, 126.
v, letter and sound, 97, 162, 172.
Vanbrugh, Sir John, 225.
Vowel-sounds, progressive movement of, 99-113.
w, letter and sound, 156, 157, 178;
unpronounced, 165, 172;
followed by h, 163, 164;
followed by r, 163, 164
Walker, John, 65, 66, 101, 102, 139, 141, 147, 154, 155, 169, 178, 207, 221, 222, 223, 230, 260, 263, 292.
Webster, Noah, 228, 248-255.
Wesley, John, 224.
Whitney, William Dwight, 91, 100.
Women, attitude of, towards spelling, 82-86;
former indifference of, to spelling, 86.
Worcester, Joseph Emerson, 89, 229, 252.
x, letter, 97, 165.
y, represents short i, 123;
“long i,” 77, 126.
z, unpronounced, 172.
THE END