INDEX OF SUBJECTS

Able-bodied, the, attendance at classes as condition of relief, 94; not to be allowed out to look for work, 80; but so allowed, 260; beer granted to, 246-247; classification of, 32-33; detention of, 268, 291; definition or want of definition of, 4, 11, 13, 15, 22-23, 32, 51, 90, discrimination among, 3-4, 259; disfranchisement of, 261; under Distress Committees, 260-262; emigration of, 260; employment of, under Poor Law, 4-6, 10, 28, 74-75, 121, 133, 246; employment of, at wages, 29, 83, 260-261; families of, 28, 158-159, 170-171, 184; in Farm Colonies, 260; in 1834 Report, 3-6, 11, 13, 236; Ins and Outs among, 288; ineligible for relief in Scotland, 95, 356-361; industrial and reformatory institutions for, 235; labour test for, 36, 84, 154, 156-158, 259-262; luncheon allowed to, 246; under Majority Report, 275; Manchester rules as to, 152; mental trainer for, 260, 265; migration of, 260; under Minority Report, 297; and Modified W.T. Order, 158-159, 170-171; and non-resident relief, 53; outdoor relief to, 4-8, 13, 15, 22-32, 51, 54, 83-87, 90-91, 130, 149, 152-158, 167, 257-259, 260-262; at Poplar, 260; power of Central Authority to regulate, 12-13, 21; and Principle of Curative Treatment, 265; and Principle of Less Eligibility, 3-11, 83-84, 259-261; and Principle of National Uniformity, 3-4, 83, 90-91, 257; relief in kind for, 39, 42, 43, 130; relief on loan, 11; in Scotland, 95, 356-361; Test Workhouse for, 159-164, 243, 358-359; women as, 3, 15; and the workhouse, 5-6, 9-10, 32-33, 61, 74-75, 83-85, 91, 121, 128, 134, 140; 151, 154-160, 165, 235-236, 244-247, 259-260, 262, 268; See also Unemployed and Vagrants; ----Test Workhouse, 159-164, 170, 243, 358-359; Aged and infirm, 3, 8-9, 12, 51-53, 89 n., 128-130, 132, 148, 229-240, 265, 271; definition of, 51, 52; grant of outdoor relief to, 6-7, 8-9, 15, 18, 51-52, 65 n., 84, 128-130, 131 n., 149-153, 207, 229-235, 258, 262, 265; in workhouse, 56, 61, 71-72, 79, 84-85, 134, 222, 235-240, 242, 243; separate building for, 6, 9, 52, 83, 85, 121 n., 236, 258; employment of, 67, 74, 237 n., 246; diet of, 68, 69, 138, 139 n., 237 n., 240, 242; married couples, separate accommodation for, in workhouse, 65-66, 81, 236 n., 238; application of workhouse test to, 52-53, 85-86, 150, 152, 229-230, 258; boarding out of, 232 n., 241; in workhouse of another Union, 161; no national uniformity in treatment of, 84, 234, 258; statistics of, 130-131 n., 233 n., 235 n.; Bill for establishment of District Infirmaries for, 49, 52; for establishment of Cottage Homes for, 226; ----Poor, Royal Commission on, 231, 232; Alcohol for paupers, 19, 68, 218, 246-247; Alcoholism, 304-306; Allowance system, 24, 87; Almshouses for deserving aged, 258; Anstie, Dr., 119; Apprentices, obligation of householders to receive, 17; Apprenticeship, 4, 8, 12, 17, 45-46, 113 n., 200-203; to sea service, 17, 202-203; payment of premiums for, 45, 46, 50, 265; "outdoor," 110; ----orders, 45-46, 113n. Arnold, Sir Arthur, 94 n. Aschrott, Dr. P. F., vi; Assistant Commissioners. See Commissioners, Assistant; Association for the Cure of Tuberculosis, 217-218 n.; ----for Improving the Condition of the Sick Poor, 119; ----of Poor Law Unions, 249; Asylums for houseless poor, 14, 35, 97; for insane, 50, 89 n.; for sick, 89 n., 121; of Metropolitan Asylums Board, for idiots, 224-225; Aubin, Mr., 44, 108 n.; Auditor, disallowance by, of toys for sick children, 189; of beer, 247; Bagenal, Mr., 221, 233 n., 234 n.; Baines, Mr., 117 n.; Baker, Mr. T. Barwick L., 96 n., 100 n.; Balfour, Mr. Gerald, 169n.; Band of Hope, donation by guardians to funds of, 190; "Barrack Schools," 112, 114, 186, 258; See also Schools, Poor Law; Bastardy, recommendations of 1834 Report about, 7; Berrington, Mr., 203; Beveridge, Mr. W. H., 356; Blind, 128 n., 184, 227; relief to, 18, 50, 228-229; institutional treatment of, 8, 50, 127-128, 227, 241; apprenticeship of, 45, 50; See also Children, Defective; "Block system," 186; Board of Education, 195; ----of Guardians. See Guardians; ----of Trade, 202; Boarding-out, orders for, 130; declared to be outdoor relief, 232 n.; See also Aged, Children, and Unsound Mind, Persons of; ----Committee. See Committee; Boards, District, 166, 168, 213; Bone-pounding, 75; Bosanquet, Mrs. B., 274; Bosanquet, Prof. B., 280, 350; Bowen, Mr. John, 132 n.; Boyle, Mr. Courtenay, 228 n.; Boys in workhouses, 61, 66-67, 76, 110-111; at Norwich Homes, 110-111; working home for, at Keighley, 202; Bridges, Dr. J. H., 139 n., 186 n.; Buchanan, Dr., 119 n.; Bulkley, Miss M., ix; Buller, Mr. Charles, 95, 96 n., 99, 107; Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, 167; "Canary Wards," 76; Carr, Dr., 119; Casson, Mr. W. A., 199 n., 202 n., 206 n., 217 n., 218 n., 229 n., 240 n., 241 n., 245 n., 247 n., 250 n.; Casual labourers, excluded from Lancashire relief works, 166; ----Poor Act (1882), 174 n., 245 n.; ----wards, 33, 35-36, 64, 80, 96-99, 133, 163 n., 172, 173 n., 174 n.; See also Vagrants; Central Authority, establishment of, 2; regulations made by, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17-18, 18-19, 21; powers of, 12, 54-55, 89 n.; approval by, of grant of outdoor relief to able-bodied, 13, 29, 30, 31, 43-44; of emigration of poor persons, 19; of married couples living together, 65; See also Local Government Board, Poor Law Board, and Poor Law Commissioners; Certified Schools Act (1862), 111 n.; Chadwick, Sir Edward, 282; Chamberlain, Mr. Joseph, 164-165, 166, 167, 168, 261; Chance, Sir W., vi, vii, 253 n.; Chaplain, workhouse, 77-78; Chaplin, Mr. Henry, 164 n., 199, 231, 232 n., 233, 238; Charge and recovery, 7, 198 n., 295, 361, 363; Charity, function of, in Majority Report, 281-283; in the Minority Report, 307-311; to deal with hard cases, 4, 230; overlapping of, 103; Charity Organisation Society, 274, 282; Chevalier, Mons. E., vi; Children, classed as able-bodied, 90 n.; adoption of, 196, 203-206, 268; apprenticeship of, 17, 45-46, 200-203, 265; baptism of, 79 n.; boarding out of, 80, 84, 114-115, 130, 184, 195-206, 227, 232 n., 241, 258; in certified schools, 203, 206; defective, 46, 226-227; deserted, 12 n., 142, 195-196, 250-251, 268; detention of, 204 n., 268; education of, 7, 12-16, 73, 82-83, 104-106, 109, 121 n., 146, 180 n., 191-195, 264-269; emigration of, 142, 250; farming out of, 44, 108, 187 n.; illegitimate, 16, 196; imbecile, 224-228; in industrial schools, 261-262; institutional provision for, 83-85, 104, 106-114, 133 n., 184, 187-195, 203, 236, 258, 262-265; ophthalmic, 189, 192 n.; orphan, 3, 12 n., 80, 83-84, 104-106, 114, 142-143, 195-196, 250-251, 268; out-relief to, 16, 43-44, 179-188, 195-199, 203, 206, 258, 265; parental authority over, 268; under pauper care, 125 n., 188, 190; and Principle of Less Eligibility, 109, 114, 146-149, 187, 192, 200, 250, 261-262, 265; and Principle of National Uniformity, 258; and relief on loan, 143, 253; religious teaching of, 16, 77-78, 191, 193, 204-205; on remand, 192 n.; Roman Catholic, 241; school fees for, 44, 104-106; and stigma of pauperism, 262; underfed at day school, 183-184, 253; in the workhouse, 7, 9, 12-16, 43-45, 71-72, 80, 82-83, 106-107, 112-113, 121 n., 133-134, 138, 160, 177, 181-182, 185, 188-192, 195-196, 224-226, 238, 242-243, 259; See also Infant Children Act (1908), 312, 314; Children's Care Committees, 310-311; Cholera, 116, 119 n.; patients suffering from, not to be admitted to workhouse, 119 n.; Christmas Day, no extra dinner allowed on, 69; extra allowed, 70; Church Army, 171; Circulars of Central Authority, 21, 22; Clothing, as outdoor relief, 25 n., 100 n.; purchase or redemption of, by voluntary agencies, 144; Cod-liver oil, supply of, 117; Commission, Royal, on Aged Poor, 231-232; on the Blind, etc., 189; on the Feeble-minded, 312, 314, 345, 354-355, 361; of 1832-1834, 3-11, 257-263; of 1905-1909, 274-319; Commissioners, Assistant, 57, 147; Committee, Departmental, on weighing rations, 249; on vagrancy, 174; ----Parliamentary, of 1838, 35, 37; of 1864, 97, 117-118; of 1888, 174; of 1892, 167-168; of 1900, 226; ----of Privy Council on Education, 107 n., 109 n.; Committees, boarding-out, 196-200; ----Visiting, of lunatic asylum, 222, 223, 224; ----Visiting, of workhouse, 77, 125, 238, 244, 247-248; ----Women's, 189; Common Poor Fund. See Metropolitan Common Poor Fund; Commons, House of, 148, 153; Compulsion, 270-272; principle of, 263, 267-268; in Majority Report, 276; Constable may take children to workhouse, 181; Continuous treatment, 276; Convict, emigration of family of, 141; Corbett, Mr., 140 n., 145 n., 147 n., 148, 155 n., 157 n., 158 n., 159, 161 n., 162 n., 175 n., 178, 183, 186, 198 n., 251; Corn-grinding, 75, 164 n., 246; Cost of Minority Report proposals, 297-300; recovery of, 294-295; Cottage homes, 185-187, 226, 258, 264; Cotton famine in Lancashire, 90 n., 91-93, 105, 142, 166; Councils of Social Welfare, sphere of, under Minority Report, 311; Country Holiday Fund, 310-311; Creed register, 77; Criminal Lunatics Act (1838), 18 n.; Cripples, 127-128, 255; Culley, Mr., 150 n., 158 n., 177 n., 229 n., 253 n.; Curative treatment, 263-266, 269-272; principle of, 263-266; in Majority Report, 275; Custody of Children Act, 205; Davy, Mr., 181, 203, 232 n.; Deaf and dumb, 18, 50, 127, 184, 241; See also Children, Defective; Defectives, 50, 74, 85, 127-128, 226-229; See also Blind, Deaf and Dumb, and Children, Defective; ----mentally. See Unsound Mind, Persons of; Denison's Act, 105, 179; Destitution, causes of, 300, 347; definition of, as regards medical relief, 116, 212 n.; want of education a form of, 105 n.; ----authority, plea for, in Majority Report, 278-281; necessity for, in 1834, 278; not to apply to mentally defective, 279; connection of, with "moral" defect, 281; with principle of compulsion, 289-292; with principle of universal provision, 292-295; the officials of a, 285; inability of, to deal with incipient stage, 286-287; inability of, to search out, 287-288; inability of, to deal with ins and outs, 288-289; inability of, to deal with unemployed, 291; overlapping of other authorities with, 293; Prof. Bosanquet's argument for, 350-361; Detention. See Workhouse; ----Colony, 307; Disciplinary supervision as substitute for deterrence, 316-317; Dietaries and Accounts Order, 170, 171 n., 240 n., 245, 248, 249; Diseases Prevention Act, 209 n., 213; Disfranchisement of able-bodied, 168 n., 261; of sick, 209, 213, 217; Dispensaries, Poor Law, 118, 146, 208, 258, 264; provident, 118; Dissenters. See Nonconformists; Distress Committee, 172; powers and constitution of, 169; employment of able-bodied by, 169 n., 260, 261, 262; Distress from want of employment, Committee of House of Commons on, 167; District medical officers. See Medical Officers, District; ----Nurses Order, 181, 210 n. See also Nurses; Divided Parishes and Poor Law Amendment Act, 175 n., 209 n., 245 n.; Dodson, Mr., 151-152; Doyle, Mr., 148; Drink, 304-306; Drouet, Mr., 108; Dumsday, Mr. W. H., 197 n. Ebrington, Lord, 137 n.; Education, provision of, for paupers, 126, 266-267, 271. See also Children, Education of; ----Aid Society, Manchester and Salford, 105 n.; ----Department, 180 ----Acts (1870-1909), 105-106, 177, 179 n., 180 n., 198, 201, 227 n., 228, 312, 313, 344, 361; ----(Administrative Provisions) Act (1907), 312; ----of Poor Children Act (1855), 105 n.; ----(Provision of Meals) Act (1906), 312, 313; ----(Scotland) Act (1908), 312, 344, 361; Elementary Education (Blind and Deaf Children) Act (1893), 227n, 228 ----(Defective and Epileptic Children) Act (1899), 227 n.; Emigration, 10, 19, 141-143, 169, 249-251, 260, 266; Epileptics, 217, 218, 255; Estcourt, Mr. Sotheron, 96 n., 97 n.; Factory Acts, 198; Family, how the Minority Report deals with the, 301-302, 348-349; Farm colonies, 169-172, 255, 260, 265, 270; Fawcett, Professor H., 115; Feeble-minded, 80; proposed authority for the, 354-355; Royal Commission on, 312, 314, 345, 354, 355, 361. See Unsound Mind, Persons of; Fels, Mr. Joseph, 170; Fever wards, 122; Fleming, Mr. Baldwyn, 181-182, 192, 234 n., 254 n.; Fowle, Rev. T. W., vi, 115; Fowler, Sir Henry (Lord Wolverhampton), 167, 230 n., 238; Franchise, extension of, 148; Free Education Act (1891), 106; Friendly societies, out-relief to members of, 47, 48, 148, 253-255, 265; Froment, Mons. G. E. de, vi; Fust, Mr. Jenner, 190-191; Gambling, 304; Gardiner, Colonel Lynedoch, 145 n.; General Board of Health, 146; ----Consolidated Order (1847), 32-33, 35-36, 46, 54, 56, 61-62, 79, 81-82, 88, 91, 107-108, 113, 126-127, 133, 170, 188, 235-237, 240, 249, 260; ----Orders or Rules, 21-22, 48, 61-62; Gilbert's Act, 321; Girls, employment of, 67; in workhouse, 66-67, 134; Glanville, Dr. Mortimer, 210 n., 211 n.; Goschen, Mr. G. J. (Lord Goschen), 100, 102, 103, 104 n., 123, 144-145, 147 n., 148, 149, 207, 214, 219, 253, 254, 255, 266, 282-283; Grant, Colonel C. W., 114 n.; Greater Eligibility, Principle of, 263, 264, 265; Guardians, grant of relief by, 12; apprenticing of children by, 17; consent of, for building new workhouse, 19, 54; opposition of, to establishment of vagrant districts, 35, 97; to establishment of boarding-schools, 45; subscriptions by, to voluntary institutions, 63 n., 116, 217 n.; refractory paupers brought before, 76; part taken by, in provision of relief works, 90 n., 93-94, 165, 166, 167; nomination of members of Distress Committees by, 169; Conference of, in London, 178 n., 198 n.; proceedings taken against parents by, for neglect of children, 180, 181, 184; inspection of boarded-out children by, 199-200; in country, conservatism of, 187, 192; election of, 209 n., 247; in rural districts, the public health authorities, 212 n., 219-220; combination of, for classification by workhouses, 243-244; Guilds of Help, sphere of, under Minority Report, 311; Hanway's Act, 17 n.; Hardy, Mr. Gathorne, 120, 215; Harries, Mr. Thomas, 137 n.; Hart, Dr. Ernest, 119; Head, Sir Edmund, 86; Head, Sir Francis, 57, 58, 60, 86, 131; Health Societies, 311; ----visitors, 220, 310; Hedley, Mr., 151 n., 220 n.; Henley, Mr., 163; Hervey, Mr., 187 n., 219; Hibbert, Sir J., 189; Hicks-Beach, Sir M. (Lord St. Aldwyn), 98-99; Hill, Miss F., 114 n.; Hill, Miss Octavia, 145 n., 253; Hodgson, Mr., 104; Homes, Children's, 109-111, 201; convalescent, 241, 255; for aged, 239 n.; See Cottage Homes; Hospitals, relation of Poor Law to, 63 n., 116, 119, 120, 216-217, 220, 241, 255, 266; House of Lords. See Committees, Parliamentary; Houseless Poor, 35 n.; See also Vagrants; Idiots, 63, 123, 224-225, 242; See Unsound Mind, Persons of; Imbeciles. See Unsound Mind, Persons of; Impotent, 8-9, 18, 51. See also Aged; Industrial Schools. See Schools, Industrial; ----Schools Acts, 111; Inebriates Act, 206; Infants, in workhouse, 56, 61, 62, 63-64, 66, 67, 72. See also Children; Infectious disease, 126, 245 n., 271; provision for, by Guardians, 62 n., 119, 136, 214 n.; by Metropolitan Asylums Board, 123, 209 n., 212-213. See also Hospitals; Infirm. See Aged and Infirm; Infirmaries, Bill for establishment of District, 49, 52; ----Poor Law, 121, 207, 235 n.; pressure on Guardians to provide, 211-212, 216; cost of maintenance in, borne by Common Poor Fund, 214; increasing popularity of, 214-216; admission to, 214 n., 215; maintenance in, held to be medical relief only, 217. See also Workhouse, Sick in; "Ins and Outs," 132, 192 n., 206; detention of, 244-245; Insane. See Unsound Mind, Persons of; Inspectors of Local Government Board, 147, 181-182, 190, 206, 216, 225, 241; strict policy urged by, 148-153, 159, 164, 175, 178, 207-208, 229, 232, 243, 251, 252; test workhouse advocated by, 159-161, 163, 243; conferences of, 151; ----of Lunacy Commissioners, 125; ----of Schools, 113, 114; Justices, granting of relief by, 12, 13, 14, 18; committal of lunatics to asylum by, 18; detention of lunatics in workhouse by order of, 222, 223; Kennedy, Mr., 182 n., 187 n.; Labour colonies for vagrants, 171 n.; ----Exchanges Act (1908), 346; ----Exchanges of Distress Committees, 169, 172, 270; in Majority Report, 277; in Minority Report, 358-359; ----Test, 156-158, 165, 178, 261; Laisser faire, 270; Lambert, Sir John, 153 n., 219; Lancet, The, 117, 134, 210 n., 211 n., 235; Land, cultivation of, 165, 168-170, 246; Landquist, Mr. J. F., 188 n.; Lansbury, Mr. G., 170; Lefevre, Mr. Shaw (Lord Eversley), 167, 168 n.; Less Eligibility, Principle of, how far applicable, 1, 3, 11, 45, 83-85, 88-89, 109, 112, 114, 117-118, 122, 125-126, 172, 187, 192, 200, 212 n., 250, 256, 259-263, 265-266, 269, 271; Lewis, Sir George Cornewall, 86, 89; Lewis, Sir G. F., 89 n.; Local Authorities, position of, 2, 12; ----Government Board for England and Wales, 146-255, 263; ----Government Board for Scotland, order of, as to phthisis, 344, 345, 352; Lock Hospital at Aldershot, 217 n.; Lockwood, Mr., 163 n.; London County Council, 310; ----Hospital, 63 n.; Long, Mr. Walter, 169, 218 n., 245, 250; Longley, Sir Henry, 148, 150 n., 151, 154 n., 159-160, 161 n., 177 n., 207 n., 208, 214 n., 229, 230, 232, 235, 237, 243, 247, 251 n.; Longman, Miss M., ix; Lonsdale, Miss S., vii; Lunacy Acts, 124 n., 222 n., 223 n.; ----Commissioners, 125-127, 133, 221, 222, 224; Lunatics, 8, 18, 25 n., 49, 50, 63, 89 n., 123-126, 252, 267, 271. See Unsound Mind, Persons of; Lushington, Mr., 195 n., 238 n.; Lying-in cases, 62, 63, 136; M'Culloch, Mr. J. R., 132; Mackay, Mr. T., vi, vii, 87 n., 94 n., 105 n., 115, 151 n.; Macmorran, Mr., 195 n., 238 n.; Magistrates, police, 162; Majority Report, 274-295; repudiates "Principles of 1834," 275; adopts "Principles of 1907," 275; pleads for a single Destitution Authority, 278-281; reverts to "Principles of 1834," 281-283; summary of, 313-314; Makers Up, Society of, 94; "Manchester Rules," 152, 153, 175, 179 n.; Markham, Dr., 139 n.; Married couples, separate accommodation for, in workhouse, 65-66, 81, 236 n., 238; ----Women's Property Act, 175 n. Martineau, Harriet, 85-86, 131; Master of Workhouse, 70, 72, 74, 76, 77, 238, 244 n.; Matron of Workhouse, 70, 73, 74, 238; "Medical extras," 25 n., 48; ----inspection and treatment, in Majority Report, 277; ----Officer, District, 211, 231; qualifications and remuneration of, 48, 117, 251-252, 264; inspection by, of boarded-out children, 199; of boarded-out lunatics, 224; Medical officer of workhouse, 8, 60, 68-69, 74, 138, 189, 237 n., 246, 247; appointment and duties of, 71; ----Relief Disqualification Act. 209 n., 217 n.; ----Relief, 4, 8, 13, 18, 117, 123, 143, 153, 210, 211, 219-220, 264; Medicines, supply of free, to sick poor, 123, 219; supply of, by Public Health Authorities, 220; expensive, supply of, by Guardians, 117, 264; Mentally defective, proposed Authority for the, 354-355. See Unsound Mind, Persons of; Merchant Shipping Acts, 17, 202; Metropolitan Asylums Board, infectious diseases hospitals of, 123, 209 n., 212-213, 214, 216; establishment of training-ships by, 112; provision made by, for idiots, 127, 224-225, 227-228; for "remand children," 192 n.; expenditure of, 219 n., 243 n.; ----Board of Works, 97 n., 164-165; ----Common Poor Fund, 97 n., 168, 170, 185, 212, 213, 214, 232, 235; ----Houseless Poor Acts, 97, 98, 99; ----Police District, 19, 55; ----Poor Acts, 89 n., 112, 118, 160, 161, 208 n., 214 n., 215 n., 232 n.; Migration, 144, 169, 260 n.; "Miners' phthisis," 221; Minority Report, 274, 296-311; adopts Principles of 1907, 296-297; adds to them Principle of Prevention, 297-304; economy of, 298-300; the "Moral Factor" in, 304-307; drink in, 304-306; unemployment in, 306-307; voluntary agencies in, 307-311; summary of, 314-317; "Moral Factor," the, 304-309, 350-361; Mouat, Dr., 216 n.; Mozley, Mr., 185 n.; Municipalities, relief works undertaken by, 92-94, 165-168; regularisation of work of, 168; National Committee to Promote the Break-up of the Poor Law, 274; ----Labour Exchange, 359; ----Uniformity, Principle of, 1-3, 11, 12, 22-23, 83-84, 90-91, 153-154, 173, 174, 234, 256-259, 271; Nichols, Sir George, vii, 86; Nonconformists, provision for, 77-79; Non-parishioners, relief to, 13, 14; Non-residents, relief to, 53-54, 128 n., 130, 187-188, 232 n., 240-242, 254 n.; North-Eastern Metropolitan District, 35; Nurses, for indoor sick, 67, 120, 211, 216 n., 218, 219; for outdoor sick, 210, 211 n., 258, 264; in lunatic ward, 126; for epileptics, 218; See also District Nurses Order; Oakum-picking, 75, 157, 161-164, 178; Obligation, mutual, between community and individual, 269-270; Offences against the Person Act (1861), 113 n.; Old Age Pensions Act (1908), 312, 344, 354; ----Age Pensions, in Majority Report, 277; in Minority Report, 363; Operations, surgical, 264; Orders of Central Authority. See General Orders, Special Orders, Outdoor Relief, and Outdoor Labour Test Order; Orphans. See Children; Outdoor Labour Test Order, 26, 29, 30-31, 36, 39, 41, 43, 46, 49, 83-84, 88, 90-91, 100-101, 149, 154, 156, 167-168, 261 n.; ----Medical Relief. See Medical Relief and Sick; ----Relief to able-bodied, 4-8, 13, 15, 22-32, 39, 43, 51, 54, 83-87, 90-91, 94, 130, 149, 154-155, 167, 228, 257-259, 262; to be always adequate, 103, 145, 258, 265; to aged and infirm, 6-9, 15, 18, 51, 52, 65 n., 84, 128-131, 149, 182-183, 232 n., 258, 262, 265; to the blind, 50; charitable supplementation of, 103, 144; to children, 43, 83, 104 n., 179-185, 196, 201-202; to the deaf and dumb, 50; to deserted wives, 36, 40, 101, 175; discouragement of, 87 n., 143-153, 179, 207-209, 229-230, 232, 243, 265; discrimination in grant of, 2, 27-28, 42, 258, 262; enquiries into, 103, 145 n., 149, 229; to Friendly Society members, 47, 265; in kind, 28, 36, 39, 42-43, 128-130; on Labour Test, see Outdoor Labour Test Order; Sir H. Longley on, 151, 207; on loan, 47, 232 n., 253; to lunatics, 49, 123, 223; as maintenance in voluntary institution, 255; "Manchester Rules" as to, 152-153, 175; medical, 25 n.; under Modified W. T. Order, 170-171, 260; to mothers of illegitimate children, 7-23; to non-residents, 53, 54; orders as to, in different unions, 321-342; to partially disabled, 27; proposed prohibition of, 13, 85-87; sanctioned by Central Authority, 43-44; to the sick, 6-9, 15, 17, 46-48, 63 n., 84, 115-118, 131, 149, 155 n., 210; statistics as to, 130-131, 154, 155; supplementing other resources, 144, 253-255; weekly payment of, 128; to widows, 101-104, 115, 154, 176-178; to women, 7, 23, 36-38, 42, 83, 90-91, 101-104, 115, 154, 175-179, 258; Outdoor Relief Friendly Societies Act (1904), 254, 255 n.; ----Relief Prohibitory Order (1844), 23, 25 n., 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 40, 42, 43, 46, 49, 54, 83, 88, 90, 91, 100, 101, 102, 106, 130, 131, 132, 149, 153, 154, 155, 156, 241, 260, 261; ----Relief Regulation Order (1852), 23, 25 n., 27, 39, 41, 43, 46, 49, 88, 90-91, 100, 101, 102, 115, 128-130, 149, 154, 156, 158-159, 171, 175, 232, 241, 261; Overlapping, 293; in Scotland,343-346, 349, 354-355; Overseers, 5, 12, 13, 14, 86, 131; Owen, Sir Hugh, 167; Paget, Mr. R. H., M.P., 253 n.; Parental responsibility, 306-307, 358; Parish Apprentices Act, 17; "Particular orders," 21; Pashley, Mr. Robert, Q.C., 133 n. Pauper Inmates Discharge and Regulation Act, 172, 173 n., 244 n.; Pauperism, statistics of, 103, 150 n., 232 n.; connection between disease and, 221; Paupers Conveyance Expenses Act, 89 n.; Pell, Mr. Albert, M.P., 153 n.; Pensions, attachment of, in repayment of cost of relief, 20; to aged, 266-267, 271; ----Act (1908), 20 n.; Phelps, Rev. L. R., 282-283; Phthisis, how dealt with by voluntary agencies, 308; by Local Health Authority, 309; order of Local Government Board for Scotland as to, 344, 345, 352; Playfair, Dr. Lyon (Lord Playfair), 137 n.; Police, 147; service of, as assistant relieving officers, 95, 98, 98 n., 99, 173; administration of relief to vagrants by, 100; Poor Law Acts Amendment Act (1834), 1, 2, 11-20, 21-22, 33, 46, 50, 51, 54, 77, 85-87, 321; ----areas, list of, 321-342; cost of, v; ----Royal Commission on (1832-1834), 1, 2-11, 85-87; (1905-1909), 274-319,343-363; ----attempt to restrict operations of, 145-146; revival of public interest in, 147-148; ----(Apprentices) Act, 113 n.; ----Board, 25 n., 88-146; establishment of, 86, 87; made permanent, 146; abolition of, 130, 146, 147; ----Certified Schools Act, 128 n.; ----Commissioners, 21-87, 95, 99, 140, 141. See also Poor Law Inquiry Commissioners; Poor Law Conferences, 151, 152-153; ----Inquiry Commissioners, 159; Report of, 1-11, 12, 19, 21, 22, 27, 33, 36, 42, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 59, 74, 75, 82-83, 84-85, 88, 95, 106, 112, 115, 118, 121, 128, 131, 141, 148, 160, 210, 229 n., 232, 236, 239, 242, 256, 257, 258, 259, 262, 263, 267, 268; ----Loans Act, 185 n.i; ----Schools. See Schools, Poor Law ----(Schools) Act, 108 n.; Poor Relief, Committee of House of Commons on, 97, 117; of House of Lords on, 174 Preston, Mr. J. W., 215 n.; Preston-Thomas, Mr. H., v., 179 n., 216, 221 n., 225-226, 246 n. Prevention, different meanings of, 308 ----of destitution, 346-349 ----of Cruelty to Children Acts, 180-181, 184 Principles of 1834, 1, 11, 36, 82-87, 88, 91, 148, 149, 151, 164, 256-262, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272; abandonment of by L.G.B., 237-273; repudiation of by Royal Commission of 1905-1909, 275 Privy Council, General Rules of Central Authority disallowable by, 21; Committee of, on Education, 107 n., 109 n.; public health service of, 146 Provident dispensaries. See Dispensaries ----sick clubs, 48 Public Assistance Authority, only for the undeserving, 282-283; argument for and against, 350-363 Public Health Acts, 213 n., 219-220 ----Authorities, 92, 94, 213, 262; service of Guardians as, in rural districts, 212 n., 219-220; medical service of, 219-221 Quatt School, 113 Quinine, supply of, 117 "Rate in aid of wages," 27, 37, 41-42, 102 Ratepayers, consent of required, 19, 54 Rathbone, Mr. W., 120 Rawlinson, Sir R., 93 n., 94 n. Relatives, contributions from, 126, 150, 152, 229, 261 Relief in kind, 4, 25 ----on loan, 10-11, 16, 20, 143, 153, 176, 183-184, 251-253 ----works, for unemployed, 90, 92-94, 164-169, 172 Relieving officer, 96, 103, 119, 128, 145, 157, 173, 199, 209, 214, 217, 231, 252; Remand children. See Children on remand Rent, payment of for paupers, prohibited, 25 n., 123 Revising barristers, 217 n. "Revolvers," 244 Ritchie, Lord, 166, 200 n., 203, 204 n., 237 n. Röntgen rays, 218 n. Roscoe, Sir Henry, 94 Salt, Mr., 290 n. Salvation Army, 171 Sanitary Act (1868), 220 n. Sanitation, 123 n., 266, 267, 271 Scattered Homes for Children, 185-187, 191, 258 School districts, Act for, 107-108; combination of parishes into, 16; in Metropolis, 108, 186 Schoolmasters for pauper children, 73, 107-109, 113 Schools, certified, 111, 147, 185, 195, 241, 255, 258 ----District, 16, 45, 108, 111-112, 133, 185-188, 193, 264 ----industrial, 187, 241, 262 ----maintenance of, for children on out-relief, 104, 105 n. "Schools for Mothers," 310 ----separate Poor Law, 16, 45, 107-114, 133, 185-188, 190, 193-195, 243, 264 ----workhouse, 10, 16, 113, 185, 193 Sclater-Booth, Mr., 208, 210 Scotland, Minority Report for,343-363; overlapping in, 344; proposed introduction of Principle of Less Eligibility into, 357-358; application of Minority Report to, 361-363 Scottish National Committee to Promote the Break-up of the Poor Law,343 Senior, Mr. Nassau, 282 Sick in 1834 Report, 6-8, 84, 210; almost ignored in orders of Central Authority, 82; asylum districts formed for, 89, 121, 161, 215; attendance on and nursing of, 67, 136, 146, 160, 211-219, 242-243, 262; beer for, 218; compulsory removal of, to workhouse, 209-210; definition of, 211; detention of, 268; deterrence abandoned with regard to, 217, 261-263; dietary for, 68-69, 138, 242; disfranchisement of, 217, 264; domiciliary treatment of, 6-8, 15-17, 46-48, 63, 84-85, 115-119, 131, 143, 149-153, 155, 207-211, 229, 251-252; Mr. Goschen's proposed gratuitous treatment of, 207-208, 219, 266; use of hospitals for, 49, 63; illustrated books for, 218; institutional treatment of, 47-49, 56, 62-63, 67-69, 71, 85, 116-123, 133-134, 136, 138, 146, 150, 160, 207-208, 211-219, 236, 242-243, 258, 261-263; separate institutions for, 160, 211-219, 236, 242, 262-263; members of friendly societies, 48; under Metropolitan Asylums Board, 212-213, 216, 243; nursing of outdoor, 210, 264; out-relief to, 6-8, 15-17, 46-48, 63, 84-85, 115-119, 131, 143, 149-153, 155, 207-211, 229, 251-252; Principle of Curative Treatment applied to, 263-264; Principle of Less Eligibility not applicable to, 3, 117-118, 121-122, 212, 215, 261-263; Principle of National Uniformity not applied to, 258; under Public Health Authorities, 219-221; relief on loan to, 143, 251-252; statistics of, 89, 122, 216; suggested free medical attendance for, 207-208, 219, 266; tea for, 218; treatment of, in cholera panic, 116, 119; in workhouses, 47-49, 56, 62-63, 67-69, 71, 85, 116-123, 133-134, 136, 138, 146, 150, 160, 207-208, 211-219, 236, 242-243, 258, 261-263 "Sixpenny Doctor," 118 Smart, Professor W., 94 n. Smith, Dr. E., 134 n., 135 n., 137, 235 n., 242 n. "Special Orders," 21-30, 51, 69 Spencer, Mrs. F. H., ix Sprigge, Mr. S. Squire, 117 n., 132 n. Stansfeld, Mr., 148, 151, 208 Stevens, Mr., 37 Stone-breaking or pounding as task, 75, 157, 161, 246 Stoneyards, 84, 157-158 "Sudden or urgent necessity," 13, 29, 37, 42, 60, 214 n., 252 Sunday Schools, children sent to, 191 Surgical appliances, 264 Tea, 69, 139, 238-240 Test workhouse, 159-164, 170, 243, 270, 358-359 Tobacco, 237-239 Tools, provision of, 25, 144 Torrens, Mr. W. T. M'Cullagh, 94 n. Town Councils, relief by, 90, 92-94, 167 Training ships, 112 Trollope, Sir John, 129 Tufnell, Mr. E. Carleton, 45 n., 108 n., 264 Underfed children. See Children Unemployed, the, 90, 92-96, 98-99, 148-172, 164-169, 250, 257, 261-262; in Scotland, 356-361; how the Majority Report deals with, 275-279, 282, 291; how the Minority Report deals with, 306, 317, 358-360. See Able-bodied Unemployed Workmen Act (1905), 169, 250, 257-258, 261, 297, 312-313, 317; in Scotland, 344 Unions, list of, 321-342 Universal Provision, Principle of, 263, 266-272; in Majority Report, 277; in Minority Report, 298-299 Unsound mind, persons of, 49-50, 62-63, 80, 123-127, 133, 138, 143, 146, 188, 221-228, 242, 268, 270, 279, 297-299, 312; in Scotland, 354-355, 362 Vaccination, 266-267 Vagrancy, Departmental Committee on, 174, 312 Vagrant Acts, 14, 34, 77, 81, 89, 184, 244 Vagrants, 6, 13-14, 33-36, 62, 64, 80, 89, 95-100, 133, 171-174, 257, 259, 262, 266-267, 281, 288, 297, 312; in 1834 Report, 6, 13-14, 259; in Departmental Committee Report of 1904-1906, 174, 312; in Majority Report, 281, 288; in Minority Report, 297; in Scotland, 344; Acts as to, 13-14, 34, 77, 81-89, 184, 244; orders as to, 36; asylums for, 14, 35; casual wards for, 64, 133, 259; classification of, 62, 64; detention of, 14, 35, 88, 95-96, 100, 172-174, 257-259, 267; dietary for, 36, 98-99; discrimination, policy of, 95-99, 172, 174, 259; labour colonies for, 171; Principle of Curative Treatment not applied to, 266; Principle of Less Eligibility adhered to, 172, 257, 259, 266; Principle of National Uniformity aimed at, 257, 259; task of work for, 14, 33, 35, 95-96, 99, 172-173, 257, 259. See also Casual Wards Vestries, 10, 12; Metropolitan, 166, 168, 213 Vestry of Liverpool, 112, 120, 146, 237 Villiers, Mr. C. P., 134 n., 140, 142 Visiting Committee. See Committee, Visiting Voluntary Agencies, sphere of; co-operation of, 144-146, 255; proper sphere of, 307-311 ----Aid Committee in Majority Report, 281; purpose of, 282 Wakley, Mr. Thomas, 117, 132 Watts, Dr. John, 94 n. Weekly, Mr. John, 188 n. "Weighting the alternatives," 318 Wethered, Mr., 234 n. Widows, 6-7, 12, 15-16, 23, 36-38, 40, 42, 79, 85, 101-104, 115, 130, 149, 153, 176-179, 183, 207, 229, 241; in 1834 Report, 6-7, 36; with illegitimate children, 37, 115; statistics as to, 103, 176-179 Wilson, Miss, 120 n. Wives, 6-7, 12, 15, 36-42, 83, 89, 101, 143, 175-178; of absentee husbands, 6-7, 15, 36, 40-42, 89, 101, 175-176; accompanying husbands, 6, 36, 39, 41, 83, 178; deserted, 6-7, 12, 15, 40, 175-176; of prisoners, 176-178; of soldiers and sailors, 6-7, 15, 36, 41-42, 176, 178; test work for, 39-40 Wodehouse, Mr., 103, 148 Women, 6-7, 9, 15-16, 23-24, 27, 29, 30-31, 36-43, 64-65, 67, 74, 76, 79, 83-85, 89-91, 100-104, 134, 136, 138, 143, 149, 152, 154, 162, 174-179, 196, 254, 257, 258, 261; in 1834 Report, 6-7, 9; whether ever "able-bodied," 3, 6, 23-24, 27, 30, 36, 83; dietary for, 138; discrimination as to character among, 27, 42, 64-65, 76, 134, 136, 258; oakum-picking for, 162, 164; and Principle of Less Eligibility, 261; statistics as to, 100-101, 178-179; rate in aid of wages to, 37-38, 42, 100-102, 254; task of work for, 31, 42, 162, 164, 178; in the workhouse, 6, 9, 43, 64-65, 67, 74, 76, 79, 134, 136, 196. See also Wives and Widows Workhouse, the, in 1834 Report, 5-19; under the Poor Law Commissioners, 21-87; under the Poor Law Board, 95-146; under the Local Government Board, 152-240; able-bodied in, 5, 83-85, 128, 235, 242; admission to, 60-61, 71, 80, 247; aged in, 5, 9, 83, 219, 222, 235, 237, 240-242, 258; alcohol in, 19, 68, 218; children in, 5, 7, 83, 106, 113, 181, 222, 236, 258; detention in, 19, 80, 82, 164, 209-210, 268, 244-245, 276, 289-292; dietary of, 67-70, 137-139, 171, 237, 240, 242, 245-246, 248-249; punishments in, 19, 76, 82; religion in, 19, 77-79, 82; sick in, 8, 62, 116, 118-119, 122, 134, 136-137, 209-210, 216, 219, 222, 235, 242, 245, 277; smoking in, 74; statistics as to, 45, 132, 140, 235, 242; vagrants in, 95-97 ----system, the, 11, 256, 261, 271 ----test, the, 33-34, 52-53, 132, 150, 154-156, 158-159, 165, 258; modified, 158-159, 170-171 Workmen's Compensation Act (1900), 177 n.