TO BE—Ani-a, na-a or Ana-a, Tua.
Reading edition
When the verb TO BE points out TO BE IN A PLACE, is translated into Bisaya by ani-a, to be here: na-a or ana-a, to be there: and tua, to be far from the speaker.
Instead of the English adverbs HERE, THERE, are used in Bisaya dinhi, here: diha, there: didto, there (further).
The indicative present does not need adverbs of place.
INDICATIVE PRESENT.
I am here. Ania man acó. (dinhi)
Thou art there. Naa ca man. (dihá)
He is there. (further) Tua man sia. (didto)
We are here. Ania man quitá or camé (dinhi)
You are there. Naa man camó. (dihá)
They are there (further) Tua man silá. (didto)
PAST TENSE.
I was here, when you was there. (further) Dinhi man acó sa didto ca pa.
I was there yesterday. Didto man acó cahapon.
FUTURE.
I will be there to-morrow. Didto man acó ngma.
CONDITIONAL FUTURE.
I would be there, if you were pleased. Didto unta acó, cun buut ca pa unta.
Subjunctive Mood
FUTURE.
It is necessary you be there. Quinahanglan nga didto ca.
ABSOLUTE INDEFINITE.
That I might be here. Dinhi unta acó.
CONDITIONATE INDEFINITE.
If I were there. Cun didto pa unta acó.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Be there (ye, you). Diha camó.
GERUND.
Being there, I saw him. Sa didto acó, naquita co sia.
Rem. When the verb TO BE, points out the actual conditions of persons or things, the root pointing out such a condition, becomes verb by means of the particle ma of the neuter verbs.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
I am sick. Masaquit man acó.
PAST TENSE.
He was sick, when I was well or strong. Masaquit sia, sa pagca maayo co ug laoas.
ABSOLUTE FUTURE.
He will or shall be ill to-morrow. Masaquit sia ugma.
CONDITIONAL FUTURE.
If I were sick, you would care of me. Cun masaquit acó unta, icao magalima unta canaco.
GERUND.
Being he sick, was not willing to take the medicines. Sa iyang pagcasaquit uala sia buut uminom sa mga tambal.
Conjugation of the Verb TO HAVE.
The verb TO HAVE in a determinate sense is translated into Bisaya by ania, for first persons; na-a or ana-a, for the seconds; and tua, for the thirds.
INDICATIVE MOOD—PRESENT TENSE.
I have the shirt. Ania canaco ang sinina.
They have the hat. Tua canila ang calo.
PAST TENSE.
When you were looking after the shirt it was with me. Sa pagpangita mo sa sinina, dinhi man canaco.
Rem. The others tenses of this conjugation, are formed by means of the adverbs Dinhi, Dihá. and Didto, according to the persons, placing the person in ablative case immediately after the adverb or particle.
I had the hat yesterday. Cahapon dinhi canaco ang calo.
I shall or will have the hat to-morrow. Ugma dinhi na canaco ang calo.
I would have the fan, if I bought it. Dinhi unta canaco ang paypay, cun paliton co unta.
If I had the ring, I would give it to you. Cun dinhi pa unta canaco ang singsing, ihatag co unta canimo.
TO HAVE—(In Partitive Sense.)
l.a The verb TO HAVE in partitive sense, is translated into Bisaya by May, Duna or Aduna, with the person in nominative or genitive case.
INDICATIVE MOOD—PRESENT TENSE.
Have you money? ¿May salapi ca ba?
I have some money. Dunay acong salapi
PAST TENSE.
I had money yesterday, and you had not. Cahapon duna ma acong salapi, ug icao ualá.
ABSOLUTE FUTURE.
I shall have money tomorrow. Ugma duna may acong salapi.
CONDITIONAL FUTURE.
You might have money, if you worked. Icao duna unta ug salapi, cun magtrabajo ca unta.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
I if had money, I would give it to you. Cun dunay unta acó ug salapi, ihatag co unta canimo.
GERUND.
Having money, all is easy. Sa pagca dunay salapi, ang ngatanan mahimo.
2.a When speaking of immaterials things, the root becomes verb with the particle Na of neuter verbs; thus.
I am cold. Natugnao man acó.
I was cold yesterday, and you warm. Cahapon guitugnao acó ug icao gui-initan.
3.a The root Tugnao admits gui instead of Ma and the root Init admits also gui with the passive of an.
I was warm yesterday. Cahapon nainitan acó.
You will or shall be warm. Mainitan ca.
The impersonal expression—There—To be.
Duna
INDICATIVE MOOD—PRESENT TENSE.
Is there a man in the street? ¿Duna bay usá ca taoo sa dalan?
There are twenty. Duna man caluha-an.
There is no body in the street. Ualay taoo sa dalan.
There was rice yesterday at the town, but there was not money. Cahapon dunay bugás sa longsod, apan ualay salapi.
The last month there was rice. Sa bulan nga miagui, dunay bugás.
If there were rice, there would be not hunger at the province. Cun dunay bugás unta, uala unta ug gutum sa provincia.
Exercise IX.
When does your father intend to depart?—He intends to depart to day—At what o'clock?—At four o'clock—Where is he going?—He goes to Madrid—Does the butcher kill oxen?—He kills sheep instead of killing oxen—Do you always take off your hat, when you speak to my father?—I always take it off—What do you take in the morning, tea or coffee?—I take coffee—Do you take coffee every morning?—I take coffee every morning and every evening—What does your father take?—He drinks chocolate—How far did the children go this morning?—As far as their cousin's—Has any one stolen any thing from you?—Some one has stolen a fine horse from me.