INDEX

Acme Wire Co.: 160.

Allen, Ethan: 226.

Allen, Walter: 264.

Alvord, J. D.: 192, 197.

American Brass Co.: 236.

American industries:

reasons for delayed development, 109-114;

influence of the cotton gin, 114.

American iron:

results of exportation to England, 110-113;

early production, 115.

American Pin Co.: 234.

American Screw Co.: 125, 198, 226;

pointed screw, 126.

American Steel & Wire Co.: 225-226.

“American system”: see Interchangeable manufacture.

American Tool Works: 269.

American Watch Co.:

interchangeable system, 144, 164.

American Wire Gauge: 205.

Ames Manufacturing Co.:

gun-making machinery, etc., 138, 140, 228-229.

Amoskeag Manufacturing Co.: 123, 124, 216-217, 253.

Andover, Mass.:

scythe mill, 117.

Angell, William G.: 126.

Ansonia Brass & Copper Co.: 234.

Ansonia Clock Co.: 234.

Arkwright, Sir Richard: 6, 64, 121, 150, 161.

Armstrong, Sir William: 105.

Arnold, Asa:

partner of Pitcher, 124.

Arnold, Jeremiah O.: 125.

Arnold, Joseph:

brother of Jeremiah, 125.

Atwood, L. J.: 237.

Babbage, Charles:

calculating machine, 59.

Baldwin, Matthias:

Baldwin Locomotive Works, 256.

Bancroft, Edward:

Bancroft & Sellers, 247.

Barber-Coleman Co.: 274.

Bardons & Oliver: 183, 265.

Barker, William:

partner of Lodge, 269-270.

Barnes, B. F.: 274.

Barnes, W. F. & John, Co.: 273.

Barnes Drill Co.: 274.

Baush Machine Tool Co.:

drilling machines, 230.

Bayley, O. W.: 217.

Beach, H. L.: 165.

Beach, H. B., & Son: 165.

Beale, Oscar J.:

accurate standards, 205.

Beckley, Elias:

gun shop, 162.

Bellows, E. H.: 222.

Bement, Clarence S.: 255.

Bement, William B.: 217, 219, 249, 252-254;

estimate of, 255;

hammer, 255.

Bement & Dougherty: 254.

Bement, Miles & Co.:

history of, 254-255.

Benedict, Aaron:

brass worker, 232.

Benedict & Burnham: 234.

Benedict & Coe:

brass workers, 232.

Bentham Jeremy: 22, 25.

Bentham, Sir Samuel: 7, 22, 49, 89, 107;

work on Portsmouth block machinery, 8, 9, 18, 22, 26, 28;

in Russia, 23, 24;

in British navy service, 24;

woodworking machinery, 24, 25;

planer, 51;

patent of 1793, 38;

slide-rest, 6, 38;

relations with Maudslay, 89.

Bessemer, Sir Henry: 96.

Besly, Charles H., & Co.: 275.

Bibliography: 295-297.

Bickford, Henry: 272.

Bidwell, Jason A.: 198, 266.

Bilgram Machine Works:

gear cutting, 259.

Billings, Charles E.: 170, 174-175, 201.

Billings & Spencer Co.: 175-176.

Blake, Eli Whitney: 160.

Blake, Philos: 160.

Blaisdell, P., & Co.: 222.

Blanchard, Thomas: 220-221;

lathe for turning gun-stocks, 6, 140, 142, 219, 220-221.

Blenkinsop:

Locomotives, 56.

Block machinery: see Portsmouth block machinery.

Bodmer, John George: 75-80;

estimate of, 79;

diametral pitch, 70 note 66;

interchangeable manufacture, 76, 131;

firearms, 76;

two patents, 77-79;

traveling crane, 77, 80;

mill machinery, 76.

Bond, George M.:

Rogers-Bond Comparator, 180-182.

Boring machines:

Smeaton’s, 2, 13;

Wilkinson’s, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 60;

in 18th century, 4.

Boston, Mass.:

heavy forge, 117.

Boston & Worcester R. R.: 220.

Boulton, Matthew: 145;

on Wilkinson’s boring machine, 3;

on Wilkinson, 145.

Boulton & Watt: 3, 11, 46, 55;

relations with Wilkinson, 12, 13.

Bow-string truss: 82.

Boye & Emmes Machine Tool Co.: 268, 271.

Bramah, Joseph: 7, 8, 15, 107;

estimate of, 19, 20;

invention of slide-rest, 6, 36;

planer, 50;

hydraulic press, 18;

machine for numbering banknotes, 19;

woodworking machinery, 18, 19, 24;

other inventions, 18;

relations with Maudslay, 17, 19, 33, 34;

with Watt, 18;

with Clement, 19, 58.

Bridgeport Brass Co.:

micrometer, 211-213.

Bridgeport Machine Tool Co.: 184.

British Small Arms Commission: 138, 140, 141.

Brooker, Charles F.: 236.

Brown, David: 126, 202.

Brown, Capt. James S.: 124.

Brown, Joseph R.: 126, 202;

estimate of, 215;

“Universal” miller, 138 note 163, 196, 208-209;

linear dividing engines, 202, 204-205, 206;

vernier caliper, 203;

formed milling cutter, 206, 207;

improvements on turret screw machine, 207;

universal grinder, 214.

Brown, Moses:

textile industry, 120, 121.

Brown, Sylvanus: 124.

inventor of slide-rest, 6;

slide lathe, 120.

Brown Hoisting Machine Co.: 258.

Brown & Elton:

wire and tubing, 233.

Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Co.: 125, Chapter XVI;

J. R. Browne & Sharpe, 202, 204;

“Universal” miller, 138 note 163, 196, 208;

linear dividing engines, 206;

precision gear cutter, 206;

turret screw machines, 207-208;

limit gauges, 210;

micrometer caliper, 211-213;

cylindrical grinder, 213;

automatic gear cutters, 214.

Brunel, Sir Isambard K.: 32.

Brunel, Sir Marc I.: 7, 26, 27, 31, 49, 107;

slide-rest, 6;

inventions, 27;

Portsmouth block machinery, 8, 9, 22, 26, 27, 28.

Bryant, William L.:

chucking grinder, 200.

Buchanan:

English writer, 50.

Builders Iron Foundry or “High Street Furnace”: 125.

Bullard, E. P.: 183-184.

vertical boring and turning mill, 184-185.

Bullard Machine Tool Co.: 184.

Burke, William A.: 253;

Amoskeag Manufacturing Co., 217;

Lowell Machine Shop, 217, 218.

Burleigh, Charles:

rock drill, 228.

Burlingame, L. D.:

history of micrometer, 213.

Burton, James H.:

Enfield gun machinery, 140.

Calipers:

“Lord Chancellor,” 45, 211;

vernier, 203;

micrometer, origin of, 211-213.

Campbell, A. C.: 237.

Camus: 64;

“The Teeth of Wheels,” 64-65, 68.

Carmichaels, of Dundee:

engine makers, 86.

Carron Iron Works: 2, 85.

Change-gear box: 182.

Chase Rolling Mills Co.: 236.

“Chordal’s Letters”: 261.

Cincinnati, Ohio:

tool building in, 266-267.

Cincinnati Bickford Tool Co.: 272.

Cincinnati Milling Machine Co.: 272.

Cincinnati Planer Co.: 271-272.

Cincinnati Screw & Tap Co.: 272.

Clement, Joseph: 7, 8, 9, 57-58, 59, 99, 107;

screw-thread practice, 10, 19, 57, 58-59, 101;

gear practice, 68;

taps and dies, 10, 19, 58;

lathes, 19, 57;

planers, 19, 50, 52, 54, 59;

relations with Bramah, 19, 58;

with Maudslay & Field, 19, 46, 58.

Cleveland, Ohio: 183.

tool builders in, 261-266;

first multi-spindle automatic screw machines, 265.

Cleveland Twist Drill Co.: 266.

Clock industry in Connecticut: 171-172.

Coe, Israel: 236.

Coe, Lyman: 234, 236.

Coe Brass Co.: 234.

Coes Wrench Co.: 226.

Colby, Gilbert A.: 254.

Collins Co.:

axe makers, 169.

Colt, Samuel: 166-168;

interchangeable system, 137, 168;

Colt revolver, 166, 167;

erection of Armory, 167, 168.

Colt Armory: 165, 166;

erection of, 167, 168;

a “contract shop,” 178.

Conradson, Conrad N.:

turret machine, 276.

Cook, Asa: 174.

Coombs, S. C.: 222.

Corliss Machine Works: 126.

Cotton crop:

growth of, 150-151.

Cotton gin:

invention of, 131, 148 et seq.;

influence, 114, 131, 145, 149, 150-151, 161;

patent rights of, 151-158.

Cowie, Pierson: 221-222.

Cramp Ship Building Co.: 257.

Croft, James:

brass worker, 232.

Crompton, William: 114.

Cup-leather packing: 18.

Currier & Snyder: 222.

Cushman, A. F.: 173.

Darby, Abraham, 3d:

first iron bridge, 15.

Darling, Samuel:

graduating engine, 203, 204.

Davenport, James:

textile machinery, 246.

Davenport, William S.: 214.

da Vinci, Leonardo:

anticipation of modern tools, 6, 36.

Davis, Charles: 269.

Davis, Jefferson:

on Whitney’s steel-barreled muskets, 160.

Davis & Egan: 269.

D’Eichthal, Baron:

partner of Bodmer, 75.

De la Hire:

gear teeth, 63, 64, 67.

DeLeeuw, A. L.: 273, 277.

Dennison, A. L.:

American Watch Co., 144.

de Vaucanson, Jacques:

milling cutter, 206.

Diametral pitch:

“Manchester pitch,” 70 note 66;

Bodmer, 80.

Die forging: 137.

Dietz, Schumacher & Boye Co.: 268.

Dodge, Cyril: 126.

Dodge, Nehemiah:

goldsmith, 126.

Dougherty, James: 254.

Draper Machine Tool Co.: 222.

Dresses, Henry: 271.

Dresses, Mueller & Co.: 271.

Drilling machines:

in 18th century, 4.

Drop hammer:

developed in America, 5, 143, 175.

Dwight, Dr. Timothy:

on Pawtucket, 121.

Eagle Screw Co.: 126.

Earle & Williams: 219.

Eberhardt, Ulrich: 259.

Edgemoor Iron Co.: 249-250.

Egan, Thomas P.: 268, 269.

Eminent Men of Science Living in 1807-1808.

engraving by Walker, 20.

Enfield Armory: 5, 96, 103;

Nasmyth on reorganization of, 140-141;

British Small Arms Commission, 138, 140;

gun-machinery, 138-141;

Robbins & Lawrence, 191-192.

Epicyclic curve: 63, 67, 68.

Essex Machine Shop: 219.

Euler:

gearing, 64.

Evans, Oliver: 239-246;

conveyors for handling materials, 240-241, 246;

steam engine, 241-242, 245;

description of shop, 243;

steamboat, 242;

prediction of railways, 245;

“Engineer’s Guide,” 242;

“Miller’s Guide,” 244.

Fairbairn, Sir Peter: 71, 74, 107.

Fairbairn, Sir William: 62, 107;

on machine tools, 10;

with George Rennie, 54, 71;

millwork, 71;

on “a good millwright,” 72;

Fairbairn & Lillie, 72-73, 77;

treatise on “Mills and Millwork,” 73;

iron ships, 73-74;

bridge building, 74.

Fairbairn & Co.: 268.

Fairfield, George A.: 170, 174, 176.

Fales & Jenks Machine Co.: 125.

Farrel Foundry & Machine Co.: 237.

Fay, J. A., & Co.:

woodworking machinery, 229-230, 267.

Fay, J. A., & Egan Co.: 230.

Fellows, E. R.: 199.

Fellows Gear Shaper Co.: 199.

Field, Joshua: 35, 89;

relations with Maudslay, 8, 35, 90;

founder of Institution of Civil Engineers, 90.

Fire engine:

first in America, 116.

Fitch, John:

steamboat, 82.

Fitch, Stephen:

horizontal turret, 197.

Fitchburg, Mass.: 219, 227-228.

Fitchburg Machine Works: 228;

Lo-swing lathe, 200.

Flagg, Samuel, & Co.: 221, 222.

Flather Manufacturing Co.: 228.

Flax industry:

Murray’s influence on, 57.

Foote-Burt Co.: 183;

drilling machines, 265.

Forehand & Wadsworth: 226.

Forq, Nicholas:

planer, 50.

Fosdick Machine Tool Co.: 271.

Fosdick & Plucker: 271.

Fox, James: 7, 50, 52, 53, 54.

Fox & Taylor:

manufacturers of blocks, 28.

Fox, Henderson & Co.: 192.

Francis, James B.:

hydraulic engineer, 218.

Franklin Machine Co.: 125.

Fulton, Robert: 150, 151, 161.

Gage, Warner & Whitney: 218, 228.

Gang, William E.: 268, 271.

Gang & Dietz: 271.

Gardner, Frederick M.:

disk grinding machines, 275.

Gardner Machine Co.: 276.

Garvin Machine Co.: 127.

Gascoigne, William:

principle of micrometer, 211.

Gay, Ira: 124, 216-217.

Gay, Zeba: 124, 217.

Gay & Silver Co.: 195, 197, 217;

planer, 53.

Gearing and Millwork: Chapter VI.

Geier, Frederick A.: 272-273.

“Genealogies”:

Early English Tool Builders, Fig. 5;

New England Gun-makers, Fig. 27;

Robbins & Lawrence Shop, Fig. 37;

Worcester Tool Builders, Fig. 45;

Naugatuck Brass Industry, Fig. 50.

Giddings & Lewis Manufacturing Co.: 276.

Gisholt Machine Works: 276.

Gleason Works: 183.

Globe Rolling Mill: 251.

Goddard, Benjamin: 225.

Gorham, Jabez: 127.

Gorham Manufacturing Co.:

founded, 127.

Gould & Eberhardt: 259.

Grant, John J.: 214.

Gray, G. A., Co.: 273.

“Great Eastern,” The: 32.

“Great Western,” The: 32.

Great Western Railway:

steamers, 93.

Greene, Nathaniel:

cannon factory of, 118.

Greene, Mrs. Nathaniel:

friend to Eli Whitney, 147;

connection with cotton-gin, 148-149.

Greene, Timothy: 119, 121.

Greenwood, Miles: 267.

Gridley, George O.:

automatic lathes, 194, 200.

Grilley, Henry:

founder of brass industry, 232.

Grinder:

developed in America, 5;

Brown & Sharpe’s, 213-214;

disc, 275-276.

Hakewessel, Reinholdt: 183;

Acme automatic, 265.

Hamilton, Alexander:

entertains Brunel, 8, 27.

Hamilton, Ohio:

tool builders in, 273.

Hampson, John:

with Maudslay, 98.

Hanks, Alpheus and Truman:

foundry, 165.

Harper’s Ferry Arsenal: 140, 143, 163;

established, 136;

interchangeable equipment, 137;

rifle, 160.

Harrington & Richardson: 226.

Hartford, Conn.: 127;

manufactories of, 164, 165, 170;

gun makers of, 164, 166.

Hartford Machine Screw Co.: 170, 174, 176.

Hartness, James: 194, 197-198, 266;

designer of machine tools, 198;

flat-turret lathe, 198;

Lo-swing lathe, 200.

Haskell, Co., The William H.: 124.

Hawkins, John Isaac: 69;

on early gear tooth practice, 65-68, 70.

Hayden, Hiram W.: 234, 236.

Hendey Machine Co.:

tool-room lathe, 182.

Henn, E. C.:

Acme automatic, 265.

Herman, William: 271.

Hick, B., & Son: 75.

High Street Furnace: 125.

Hildreth, S. E.: 222.

Hobbs, Alfred C.:

picks Bramah’s lock, 16.

Holmes, Hodgin:

cotton gin, 152, 154, 156, 157.

Holmes, Israel: 232, 233, 234, 236.

Holmes, Joseph:

pioneer iron worker, 117.

Holmes & Hotchkiss: 233.

Holmes, Booth & Haydens: 234, 237.

Holtz, Frederick:

milling machine, 272.

Holtzapffel, Charles: 74, 99;

on Roberts, 60-61;

plane surfaces, 100.

Hovey, P.:

partner of Pitcher, 124.

Howe, Elias:

sewing machine, 144.

Howe, Frederick W.: 195, 196, 209, 217;

milling machines, 138, 196, 208, 209;

profiling machine, 143, 191;

turret-head screw machine, 195-196, 207;

turret lathe, 197, 199.

Howe, Hezekiah: 119.

Humphries:

suggests invention of large hammer, 93.

Hydraulic press:

invented by Bramah, 18, 34.

Industrial conditions:

new elements in 18th century, 1.

Ingersoll Milling Machine Co.: 274.

Institution of Civil Engineers:

founding of, 90.

Interchangeable manufacture:

rise of, Chapter XI;

developed in America, 5, 129;

defined, 128;

abroad, 138, 140;

in France, 129-131;

in Hartford, 164;

tools for, 142-143.

clock, watch and sewing machine industries, 144;

Bodmer, 76;

Colt, 137, 168;

Enfield, 138, 141;

Simeon North, 131, 133, 135-136, 137, 162;

Robbins & Lawrence, 191;

Eli Whitney, 131-133, 136.

International Machine Tool Co.: 275.

Involute gears: 63, 64, 67, 68, 207.

Iron bridge, the first: 15.

Iron boats:

Wilkinson builds the first, 14;

Symington, 14, 82;

Brunel, 32;

Onions & Sons, 14;

Jervons, 14;

at Horsley Works, 14;

“Great Eastern” and “Great Western,” 32;

Fairbairn, 73-74.

Jefferson, Thomas:

on interchangeable system in France, 129-131;

on Whitney, 135.

Jenks, Alfred:

textile machinery, 123, 246-247.

Jenks, Alvin:

cotton machinery, 124-125.

Jenks, Barton H.: 247.

Jenks, Eleazer:

spinning machinery, 123.

Jenks, Joseph: 115-116, 125.

Jenks, Joseph, Jr.:

founder of Pawtucket, 118.

Jenks, Joseph, 3d:

governor of Rhode Island Colony, 118.

Jenks, Capt. Stephen:

guns, 117;

nuts and screws, 124;

Jenks & Sons, 125.

Jennings gun:

origin of, 292-294.

Jerome, Chauncey:

brass clocks, 144, 171-172, 233.

Jervons:

iron boat, 14.

Jewelry industry in Providence: 126-127.

Johnson, Charles: 237.

Johnson, Iver: 226.

Johnson, Judge:

decision, Whitney vs. Fort, 155-157.

Jones & Lamson Machine Co.: 191, 193, 194, 197;

flat-turret lathe, 198-199;

Fay automatic lathe, 200.

Kaestner:

gearing, 64.

Kearney & Trecker: 276.

Kempsmith, Frank: 264-265, 271.

Kempsmith Manufacturing Co.: 271, 276.

Kendall, N., & Co.: 186, 189.

Key-seater: 61.

Lamson, Goodnow & Yale: 192, 193.

Lamson Machine Co.: 198.

Landis Tool Co.: 259-260.

Lane & Bodley: 267.

Lapointe, J. N.:

broaching machine, 183.

Lathes:

pole, 3, 41;

engine, 4;

in 18th century, 3, 4;

automatic, 5, 176;

French rose engine, 6;

screw-cutting, 19, 35, 40, 119-120;

tool-room, 182;

Lo-swing, 200;

Bramah and Maudslay, 17;

Ramsden, 38;

Bentham, 38;

Maudslay, 40-42, 46;

Wilkinson, 119-120;

Blanchard, 140, 142-143;

Spencer’s turret lathe, 176;

Fay automatic, 200;

Sellers, 250.

Lathe, Morse & Co.: 222.

Lawrence, Richard S.: 188-189, 195;

profiling machine, 143;

master armorer, Sharps Works, 170, 194;

lubricated bullet, 194;

miller, 191, 194;

split pulley, 194;

turret lathe, 197;

autobiography, 281-291.

Lawrence, Mass.: 127.

Lawrence Machine Shop: 219.

Lead screw: 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43.

Le Blanc:

interchangeable gun manufacture in France, 130.

Le Blond, R. K.: 271.

Lee-Metford rifle: 105.

Leland, Henry M.: 214;

on J. R. Brown, 215.

Leonards: 116.

Libbey, C. L.:

turret lathes, 275.

Limit gauges:

developed in America, 5.

Lincoln, Levi: 165, 171.

Lincoln Co., The: 165.

Lincoln, Charles L., & Co.: 165.

Lincoln, George S., & Co.: 137, 165.

Lincoln miller: 137, 165-166, 208.

Linear dividing engines: 206.

Lingren, W. F., & Co.: 274.

Locomotives:

early inventions, 56;

Sharp, Roberts & Co., 61-62;

Nasmyth, 93.

Lodge, William E.: 268-271.

Lodge & Davis:

policy of, 270-271.

Lodge & Shipley Machine Tool Co.: 270.

Lowell, Mass.: 127;

machine shops of, 218.

Lowell Machine Shop: 217, 218, 253.

Lucas Machine Tool Co.: 265.

McFarlan, Thomas: 268.

Macaulay, Lord:

on Eli Whitney, 161.

Machine tools:

effect of modern, 1;

crudity in 18th century, 3, 4;

developments of, 4, 5, 63, 107;

Fairbairn on, 10;

Bramah and Maudslay, 34;

Whitworth, 99;

Greek or Gothic style, 63;

developed by cotton industry, 120.

Machine Tool Works: 255.

Machinist Tool Co.: 222.

Madison, Wis.: 276.

Manchester, N. H.: 123, 127;

founding of, 217.

Manchester Locomotive Works: 217.

Manchester pitch: 70 note 66, 80.

Manville, E. J.: 237.

Map of tool building industry: Fig. 56.

Marshall, Elijah D.: 254.

Marvel, C. M., & Co.: 219.

Mason, William: 170, 173-174.

Massachusetts Arms Co.: 162.

Maudslay, Henry: 7, 8, Chapter IV;

estimates of, 9, 43, 44, 45, 48, 49, 88;

taps and dies, 10, 42, 88;

Portsmouth block machinery, 8, 29, 35;

screw thread practice, 10, 40, 42, 88, 101;

cup-leather packing, 18, 34;

the slide-rest, 6, 35, 36, 38, 40, 43, 49, 143;

screw-cutting lathe, 35, 40, 41, 42, 50, 120;

engine improvements, 43;

work on plane surfaces, 44, 45, 99, 100.

Maudslay & Field: 8, 19, 35, 58, 98;

influence on English tool builders, 46;

Moon’s description of shop, 46-48.

Maynard Rifle Co.: 161.

Mechanics Machine Co.: 274.

Merrick, S. V.:

introduces steam hammer into United States, 96, 257.

Merrimac Valley:

textile works, 124, 127;

shops of, 216-219.

Michigan Twist Drill & Machine Co.: 266.

Midvale Steel Co.: 250.

Miles, Frederick B.:

steam hammer, 255.

Mill, Anton: 272.

Miller, Patrick: 82.

Miller, Phineas:

partner of Eli Whitney, 148-149, 153, 154.

Miller & Whitney: 149, 152.

Miller, universal:

origin of, 5, 138 note 163, 208-209.

Milling cutter, formed: 206-207, 208.

Milling machine:

Whitney, 142;

first in Hartford, 170, 194;

Lawrence, 191;

Lincoln, 137, 165-166, 208.

Millwork: Chapter VI;

Nasmyth on, 71.

Milwaukee, Wis.:

tool builders in, 276-277.

Milwaukee Machine Tool Co.: 277.

Moen, Philip L.: 225.

Montanus, Philip: 271.

Moody, Paul:

expert in cotton machinery, 218.

Moore & Colby: 252.

Morris, I. P., & Co.: 257, 258.

Mueller, Oscar: 271.

Murdock: 55;

D-slide valves, 51.

Murray, Matthew: 7, 54-57, 107;

planer, 50, 51, 55, 57;

D-slide valve, 55;

steam heating, 56;

locomotives, 56;

influence on flax industry, 56.

Nashua Manufacturing Co.: 124.

Nasmyth, Alexander: 81, 82, 83.

Nasmyth, James: 7, 8, Chapter VIII;

with Maudslay, 46, 48, 87, 88;

millwork, 71, 88;

steam road carriage, 86;

milling machine, 89;

shaper, 92;

method of invention, 92;

steam hammer and other inventions, 93-96;

study of the moon, 97;

on interchangeable system of manufacture, 140-141.

Nasmyth & Gaskell: 92.

National Acme Manufacturing Co.:

multi-spindle automatic lathe, 183, 265.

Naugatuck Valley: Chapter XVIII;

brass industry in, 231-238;

pin machinery, 233.

New Britain, Conn.:

hardware manufacture in, 171.

Newell, Stanford:

Franklin Machine Co.: 125.

New England industries:

early development of, 109-110;

cotton, 114;

iron, 116, 117, 118.

New England Screw Co.: 126.

Newton & Cox: 266.

Newton Machine Tool Works: 266.

New York:

early steamboat trade, 127.

Niles, James and Jonathan: 251.

Niles & Co.: 267, 273.

Niles-Bement-Pond Co.: 179, 222, 255, 259, 273.

Niles Tool Works: 267, 273.

Norris, Henry M.: 272.

North Chelmsford Machine & Supply Co.: 124.

North, Henry: 165.

North, Selah: filing jig, 142.

North, Simeon: 161-163;

gun contracts, 131, 133, 134, 135, 137, 162, 163;

interchangeable system, 133-134, 136, 142, 145, 162.

Norton, Charles H.:

precision grinding, 214, 224, 225.

Norton, F. B.: 224, 225.

Norton Company, The: 224, 225.

Norton Emery Wheel Co.: 224.

Norton Grinding Co.: 224, 225.

Norwalk Iron Works Co.: 184.

Oesterlien Machine Co.: 268.

Ohio Machine Tool Co.: 269.

Orr, Hugh:

early mechanic, 116-117.

Orr, Robert:

master armorer at Springfield, 117.

Otting & Lauder: 268.

Owen, William: 271.

Palmer, Courtland C.: 190.

Palmer, Jean Laurent:

screw caliper, 212, 213.

Palmer & Capron: 127.

Parallel motion: 3 note 6.

Parkhurst, E. G.: 182.

Parks, Edward H.:

automatic gear cutters, 214.

Pawtucket, R. I.:

manufacturing center, 118, 127;

Dr. Dwight on, 121;

manufactures of, 118-125.

Peck:

lifter for drop hammer, 143.

Pedrick & Ayer: planer, 53.

Phelps & Bickford: 222.

Phœnix Iron Works: 165.

Philadelphia, Pa.:

tool builders in, Chapter XIX;

early textile machinery, 246.

Pin machinery: 233.

Pitcher, Larned:

Amoskeag Manufacturing Co.: 123;

Pitcher & Brown, 124.

Pitkin, Henry and James F.:

American lever watches, 164.

Pitkin, Col. Joseph:

pioneer iron worker, 164.

Planer:

in 18th century, 4;

developed in England, 4;

Bramah, 18;

Clement, 19, 52;

inventors of the, Chapter V;

early French, 50;

Roberts, 51;

Murray, 57;

Bodmer, 75, 76;

Sellers, 248.

Plane surfaces, scraping of:

Maudslay, 44, 45;

Whitworth, 44, 98-101.

Plume & Atwood: 234.

Plumier: French writer, 50.

Pond Machine Tool Co.: 222, 259.

Pope Manufacturing Co.: 170.

Portsmouth block machinery:

influence on general manufacturing, 5;

work of Bentham and Brunel, 8, 9, 22, 26, 27, 28;

Maudslay’s contribution to, 29, 35;

description of, 29, 30, 31;

Roberts, 60;

Maudslay and Bentham, 89;

approaches interchangeable system, 131.

Potter & Johnson: 183.

Pratt, Francis A.: 137, 170, 177;

Lincoln miller, 165, 191.

Pratt & Whitney: 137, 178-183;

Interchangeable system, 179;

gun machinery and manufacture, 179-180, 182;

screw threads, 180-182;

tool-room lathe, 182;

thread-milling, 183;

workmen, 183;

turret screw machines, 207.

Precision gear cutter: 206.

Prentice, A. F.: 224.

Prentiss, F. F.: 266.

Priority in invention: 5.

Pritchard, Benjamin: 216.

Profiling machine: inventors of, 143.

Providence, R. I.:

early cannon manufacture, 117;

trading center, 118;

textile industry, 123;

manufactures in, 118-126;

jewelry industry of, 126-127.

Providence Forge & Nut Co.: 125.

Providence Tool Co.: 125;

turret screw machine built for, 207;

universal miller built for, 209.

Providence & Worcester Canal: 219-220.

Punching machine, Maudslay’s: 43.

Putnam, John: 227-228.

Putnam, Salmon W.: 227-228.

Putnam Machine Co. Works: 200, 227-228.

Ramsden, Jesse: lathe, 38.

Randolph & Clowes: 236.

Reed, F. E.: 224.

Reed & Prentice Co.: 222.

Remington Arms Co.: 161.

Remington, E., & Sons: 175.

Rennie, George: 54;

planer, 50, 51.

Rennie, Sir John: 54.

Rennie, John: millwright, 54.

Rhode Island Tool Co.: 125.

Richards, Charles B.: 173.

Richards, John: on Bodmer, 79.

Robbins & Lawrence: Chapter XV;

interchangeable system, 138;

turret lathe, 143, 197;

miller, 165, 191;

government contracts, 190;

Enfield rifle and gun machinery, 191-192;

cause of failure, 192;

successive owners of plant, 192-194, 200.

Robbins, Kendall & Lawrence: 189-190.

Roberts, Richard: 7, 9, 59-60, 62, 107;

with Maudslay, 46, 60;

planer, 50, 51, 60;

locomotives, 61-62;

Sharp, Roberts & Co.: 61, 62.

Robinson, Anthony:

screw thread, 39.

Rockford, Ill.:

tool builders in, 274-275.

Rockford Drilling Machine Co.: 274.

Rockford Iron Works: 274.

Rockford Lathe & Tool Co.: 274.

Rockford Machine Tool Co.: 274.

Rockford Milling Machine Co.: 274.

Roemer: epicyclic curve, 63.

Rogers, William A.:

Rogers-Bond comparator, 180-182.

Root, Elisha K.: 168-169, 170;

influence on die forging, 137;

profiling machine, 143;

drop hammer, 143, 169;

Colt Armory, 169;

machinery invented by, 169;

horizontal turret principle, 197.

Roper Repeating Arms Co.: 175.

St. Joseph Iron Co.: 253.

Savage Fire Arms Co.: 161.

Saxton: gear teeth, 66-67.

Schneider, M., and Nasmyth’s steam hammer: 95-96.

Scituate, R. I.: Hope Furnace, 117.

Scovill Manufacturing Co.: 232.

Screw machines, multi-spindle automatic: 265.

Screw-thread practice:

Maudslay and Clement, 10, 19, 42, 58-59, 88;

Whitworth standardizes, 10, 101;

early methods of screw cutting, 38-40;

Pratt & Whitney, 180-182;

history of Sellers’ or U. S. Standard, 249.

Sellers, Dr. Coleman: 251-252;

design of railway tools, 251;

screw thread, U. S. Standard, 249.

Sellers, William: 247-251, 255;

inventions, 247-248;

planer, 248;

system of screw threads, 248-249;

bridge building machinery, 250;

great lathe, Washington Navy Yard, 250.

Sellers, William, & Co.: 251, 252.

Sentinel Gas Appliance Co.: 160.

Shapers:

developed in England, 4;

Brunel’s, 27;

Nasmyth’s “Steel Arm,” 92.

Sharp, Roberts & Co.: 61, 62.

Sharpe, Lucian: 202;

American wire gauge, 205.

Sharps, Christian:

breech loading rifle, 170, 192.

Sharps Rifle Works: 192, 194, 195.

Shaw, A. J.: 214.

Shepard, Lathe & Co.: 222.

Shipley, Murray: 270.

Slater, Samuel: 114, 119, 121;

Arkwright cotton machinery, 120, 121;

textile industry, 122;

Amoskeag Co., 216-217.

Slide-rest:

in 18th century, 4;

inventors of, 6;

early forms of, 6, 36;

Bramah and Maudslay, 17;

Maudslay, 35, 36, 38, 40, 43, 49.

Sloan, Thomas J.:

screw machine, 126.

Slocomb, J. T.: 214.

Slotter: 61.

Smeaton, John: 2, 3;

boring machine, 2, 13;

cast iron gears, 64.

Smith, George: 214.

Smith & Mills: 270.

Smith & Phelps: 234.

Smith & Silk: 271.

Smith & Wesson: 138.

Snyder, J. E., & Son: 22.

Southwark Foundry & Machine Co.: 173, 256-257.

Spencer, Christopher M.: 170, 175-177;

turret lathe, 143, 176;

board drop, 143;

silk-winding machine, 175;

repeating rifle, 175.

Spencer Arms Co.: 177.

Spring: planer, 50, 53.

Springfield, Mass.: 230.

Springfield Armory: 103, 136, 138, 143, 163;

Blanchard’s lathes, 142-143.

Springfield Machine Tool Co.: 271.

Standard Tool Co.: 266.

Stannard, Monroe:

with Pratt & Whitney, 178.

Steam boats:

early, 82;

Wilkinson’s, 119.

Steam engine, Watt’s:

new element in industry, 1;

problems in building, 1-3;

first built at Soho, 12;

Maudslay’s improvements, 43.

Steam hammer: 4;

Nasmyth’s invention of, 93-96.

Steam heating apparatus:

Murray, 56.

Steinle Turret Machine Co.: 277.

Stephenson, George: 6, 32, 56, 150.

Steptoe, John: 267-268.

Steptoe Co., The John:

shapers and milling machines, 268.

Stone, Henry D.: 192, 193, 196;

turret lathe, 143, 197.

Swasey, Ambrose: 183, 262, 263;

dividing engine, 264.

Syme, Johnie: Nasmyth on, 84.

Symington, William: iron boat, 14, 82.

Taps and dies:

developed in England, 4;

Maudslay’s, 10, 42;

Clement’s, 59.

Taylor, Frederick W.:

high-speed tool steels, 250, 277.

Taylor & Fenn Co.: 165.

Terry, Eli: clocks, 144, 171, 172.

Textile industries:

Arkwright and Strutt, 53;

influence of Whitney’s cotton gin, 114;

in New England, 114, 120, 123, 127;

Slater’s influence on, 122.

Textile machinery:

Robert’s spinning mule, etc., 61;

Bodmer, 77;

in New England, 114, 120-121;

Wilkinson, 122;

Alfred Jenks, 123.

Thomas, Seth: clocks, 144.

Thomaston, Conn.:

clock manufacture, 171.

Thurber, Isaac:

Franklin Machine Co., 125.

Thurston, Horace: 214.

Tool builders:

general estimate of early, 107;

in Central New England, Chapter XVII;

Western, Chapter XX.

Tool building centers: 127;

map of, Fig. 56.

Torry, Archie:

Nasmyth’s foreman, 91.

Towne, Henry R.: 257, 258.

Towne, John Henry: 256-257, 258;

screw thread, U. S. Standard, 249.

Traveling crane, first: 77, 80.

Trevithick:

steam road engine, 56.

Turret lathes: 140;

early producers of, 143;

Spencer, 176;

Howe and Lawrence, 197;

Hartness’ flat-turret, 198;

Warner & Swasey, 262.

Turret screw machine, improvements on: 207.

Union Steel Screw Works: 198, 265, 266.

Universal Radial Drill Co.: 273.

Wadsworth, Capt. Decius:

on Whitney’s interchangeable system, 134-135.

Waldo, Daniel:

Hope Furnace, 117.

Wallace, William: 237.

Wallace & Sons: 234.

Waltham Watch Works, see American Watch Co.

Warner, Worcester R.: 183, 262, 263.

Warner & Swasey Co.: 261-265;

building of astronomical instruments, 263-264.

Washburn, Ichabod: American Steel & Wire Co., 225, 226.

Washburn & Moen Co.: 225.

Waterbury Brass Co.: 234, 237.

Waterbury Button Co.: 234.

Waterbury Clock & Watch Co.: 234.

Waters, Asa: 226.

Waston, William: Nasmyth on, 84.

Watt, James: 3, 6, 82, 83, 150, 161;

invention of steam engine, 1, 2, 145;

parallel motion, 3 note 6;

dependence on Wilkinson’s boring machine, 3;

opposed by Bramah, 18.

Weed Sewing Machine Co.: 170, 174, 175.

Weeden, W. N.: 237.

Wheeler, William A.: 221.

Wheeler & Wilson: 192.

Whipple, Cullen: 126.

Whitcomb, Carter, Co.: 222.

Whitcomb-Blaisdell Machine Tool Co.: 222.

White, Zebulon: J. S. White & Co., 122.

White Sewing Machine Co.: 193, 266.

Whitman-Barnes Co.: 266.

Whitney, Amos: 137, 170, 177, 219.

Whitney, Baxter D.: 177, 230.

Whitney, Eli: 6, 146-147, 161, 177;

interchangeable system, 76, 132-133, 134-135, 136, 145, 146, 158-159;

cotton gin, 114, 131, 145, 148-158;

U. S. contract of 1798, 131-132, 158, 159;

Whitneyville plant, 132, 162, 158, 160;

method of manufacture, 158-159;

milling machine, 142;

Miller & Whitney, 149.

Whitney, Eli, Jr.:

contract for “Harper’s Ferry” rifle, 160;

steel-barreled muskets, 160, 162.

Whitney Arms Co.: 160-161;

first Colt revolvers made by, 167.

Whitworth, Joseph: 7, 8, 9, 93; Chapter IX;

screw-thread practice, 10, 59, 101, 102 note 105;

manufacture of plane surfaces, 44, 45, 98-101;

with Maudslay, 46, 98;

shaper and improvements in machine tools, 99;

improved methods of measurement, 101;

ordnance and armor, 104-105;

on American automatic machinery, 102-104;

William Armstrong, 105.

Wilcox & Gibbs Sewing Machines: 208, 210, 213.

Wilkinson, Abraham: 119.

Wilkinson, Daniel: 119, 122.

Wilkinson, David: 123, 124, 125;

patent on slide-rest, 6;

steamboat, 119;

slide lathe, 119-120;

textile machinery, 122;

nail manufacture, 122.

Wilkinson, Isaac: 119, 125.

Wilkinson, John: 2, 8, 11, 15;

boring machine, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 60;

first iron boat, 14;

first iron bridge, 15;

relations with Boulton & Watt, 12, 13.

Wilkinson, Ozeal: 118-119, 121, 122.

Wilkinson, William: 119, 121.

Willimantic Linen Co.: 175, 178.

Willis, Robert: 69 note 64;

gear teeth, 63, 64, 69-70.

Wilmot, S. R.:

micrometer, 212.

Winchendon, Mass.:

woodworking machinery, 230.

Winchester Repeating Arms Co.: 160, 174.

Windsor, Vt.: 127, 186.

Windsor Machine Co.:

Gridley automatic lathes, 194, 200.

Windsor Manufacturing Co.: 193.

Wolcott, Oliver: 132.

Wolcottville Brass Co.: 233-234.

Wood, Light & Co.: 222.

Woodruff & Beach: 165.

Woodward & Powell Planer Co.: 224.

Woodworking machinery:

Bramah, 18, 19, 24;

Bentham, 24, 25;

Brunel, 31;

in Massachusetts, 229.

Worcester, Mass.: 127;

tool builders in, 219-226;

early textile shops of, 220;

gun makers in, 226.

Worm-geared tilting pouring-ladle, Nasmyth’s: 91-92.

Worsley, S. L.:

automatic screw machine, 208.

Wright, Sylvester: 200, 228.

Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co.: 258.