INDEX

Acadia, Argall's raid, 72, 149, 289; attacks on Plymouth posts, 176, 177; settlement, 287; English grant and rule, 289; restored to France, 290; La Tour-Aulnay dissension, 290, 306-309; bibliography, 337. Agamenticus. See York. Alexander, Sir William, grants, 207, 289, 294; expedition against Canada, 289; protests restoration, 290. Antinomian controversy, 219-228; Anne Hutchinson's doctrines, 219; factions, 220, 221; ministerial conferences, 220, 225; political aspect, 221-225; Antinomians banished, 226-228; effect, 228. Archer, Gabriel, in Virginia, 43, 52, 54, 63. Argall, Samuel, relieves Virginia, 59, 63, 68; deputy governor, 70, 77; captures Pocahontas, 71; raids on Acadia, 72, 149, 289; tyranny, 77, 78; colonizing plan, 292. Assistants, in Plymouth, 179; in Massachusetts, elective, 188, 203; permanent tenure, 201, 202; as a court, 202, 203; legislative power, 203; in Connecticut, 258; tenure, 259. Aulnay, Sieur d', in Acadia, quarrel with La Tour 290, 306-309. Baltimore, Cecilius, Lord, early years, character, 123; power as proprietary, 123-126; religious toleration, 125, 126, 139, 140, 143, 144; control of legislation, 131, 133; and Kent Island affair, 135-138; deposed by king, 142, 145; and Parliament, 143, 145-147. Baltimore, George, Lord, early years, 118; settlement in Newfoundland, 118, 119; Catholic, 119; ennobled, 119; in Virginia, 119; seeks grant in Virginia, 119-121; first charter, 121; opposition of Virginia, 120-123; Maryland charter, 121; death, 122. Baptists, in Rhode Island, 237; persecuted in Massachusetts, 238. Bennett, Richard, commissioner, 111, 112; governor of Virginia, 113; in Maryland, 147. Berkeley, Sir William, royalist governor of Virginia, 105; and Puritans, 106, 108; and parliamentary commission, 112. Bermudas, Gates at, 62. Bibliographies of period 1574-1652, 328. Bicameral legislatures, 93, 133, 203, 258. Boston, Blackstone's house, 175; settled, 198. Boundaries, Virginia charter (1606), 37; (1609), 61; Maryland charter, 121; New England charter, 152; Plymouth, 173; Massachusetts charter, 184, 270, 279; Rhode Island charter, 235; New Netherland charter, 292, 313; Massachusetts-Plymouth, 298; Massachusetts-Connecticut, 304; New England-New Netherland, 313, 314. Bradford, William, Separatist, 156; in Leyden, 158; emigrates, 160; governor of Plymouth, 164. Brewster, William, Separatist, 155; in Leyden, 157; emigrates, 160; minister in Plymouth, 181. Brooke, Lord, grant in Connecticut, 248; buys Dover, 268, 271. Cabot, John, voyage, 6. Cabot, Sebastian, and English trade, 8. Calvert, Leonard, governor of Maryland, 126; Kent Island affair, 135-138; letters of marque, 140; driven from Maryland, 141; regains control, 142; death, 143. Cambridge platform, 320, 321. Canada, French voyages, 284; Roberval's colony, 285; colonizing company, 286; Quebec settled, 288; origin of Iroquois hostility, 288; company reorganized, 288; supplies captured, 289; Alexander's grant, 289; English capture, 290; restored to France, 290; and Massachusetts' trade, 309; bibliography, 337. Cape Ann, Plymouth claim, 170; Dorchester settlers, 170; trouble, 171; settlement moved, 183. Cartier, Jacques, voyages, 284, 285. Carver, John, Separatist, in Leyden, 158; seeks patent, 150; emigrates, 160; governor of Plymouth, 161; death, 164. Casco. See Falmouth. Catholics, in Maryland, 126, 139, 140; missionaries in Canada, 287, 288, 290. Cavendish, Thomas, voyage, 13; with Raleigh's colony, 23. Challons, Henry, attempted settlement, 39. Champlain, Samuel, first visit to Canada, 286; in Acadia, 287; settles Quebec, 288; attacks Iroquois, 288; surrenders, 290; return to Canada, 290. Chancellor, Richard, voyage, 8. Charles I., and Virginia, 91-96, 99, 105, 120; and Baltimore, 120; and Kent Island, 136-138; and Massachusetts, 204-209. Charlestown, Walford's settlement, 175; laid out, named, 190; sickness, 196, 198. Charters, Merchant Adventurers (1554), 8; trading (1566), 14; Gilbert (1578), 15; Raleigh (1584), 22; Virginia (1606), 36-38; (1609), 59-61; (1612), 76; annulled, 88; Virginia parliamentary, 105; Maryland (1632), 122-126; New England (1620), 152; resigned, 207; Massachusetts, (1629), 188, 189; Rhode Island (1644), 235; Gorges (1637), 275. See also Grants. Chelsea, settled, 175. Church of England in Virginia, 80, 106; improved ministry, 110. Claiborne, William, Kent Island settlement, 95, 134; and Harvey, 96; commissioner, 111, 112; opposes Baltimore's charter, 121; career, 121; denies Baltimore's authority, 135; arrest ordered, 136; appeals to king, 136, 137; conflict on island, 136; treachery of Evelin, 137; island seized, 138; attainted, 138; claim invalidated, 138; property confiscated, 138; return to Kent Island, 142; ascendency in Maryland, 147. Cocheco. See Dover. Coddington, William, in Rhode Island, 229, 237; royal commission, 237, 238. Colonies, English, Gilbert's charter, 15; immunities, 16; Gilbert's attempts, 16-21; debt to Raleigh, 32; Gosnold and Gilbert's attempt, 34; joint-stock companies, 36; royal administration, 96, 206; connected history, 282; bibliography, 329-331; bibliography on religious influences, 338; bibliography on social and economic conditions, 338. See also colonies and companies by name. Colonies, French. See Acadia, Canada. Colonies, Spanish, influence on Spain, 4; and Hawkins, 9, 10; Drake's attacks, 11, 12; Cavendish plunders, 13; bibliography on English relations, 337. Commission for Foreign Plantations, 96, 206. Communism in Virginia, 59, 73, 77, 79; in Plymouth, 167. Conant, Roger, in Massachusetts, 170, 171, 183. Congregationalism, beginnings, 154; established in Massachusetts, 190, 196, 201, 202, 210; disclaimed, 194, 197; Massachusetts clergy, 200, 205; opposition, 211, 212; Antinomian controversy, 219-228; in Connecticut, 258; in New Haven, 263; Cambridge platform, 320; effect, 321. See also Pilgrims. Connecticut, elements, 239; Plymouth's interest, 240-242, 245; Dutch in, 241, 249, 310, 316; migration from Massachusetts, 242-247; settled by organized communities, 247; Saltonstall's settlement, 248; Saybrook, 249; union of settlements, 250; Pequot War, 251-257; Fundamental Orders, 257-259; suffrage, 258; theocracy, 258; tenure of office, 259; growth, 259, 260; acquires Fenwick patent, 260; population (1653), 260; Massachusetts boundary, 304; river tolls, 304-306; bibliography, 335. See also New England. Constitutions, Connecticut (1639), 257-259. Cotton, John, in Massachusetts, 205; character, 218, 243, 321; and Antinomianism, 220, 223, 226, 227; death, 321. Council in Maryland, 129. See also Assistants. Council for New England, charter, 152; territory, 152; patent to Plymouth, 164; grant to Weston, 166; fishing monopoly endangered, 167; temporary activity, 168; division, 168, 185; discouraged, 169; grant to Massachusetts, 184; conflicting grants, 185; redivision, 207; resigns charter, 207; grants to Mason and Gorges, 266, 268; other Maine grants, 274-277. See also Plymouth Company. Courts, Maryland, 129; New England codes, 180, 203, 326; assistants, in Massachusetts, 202, 203; New Haven, 265. Dale, Sir Thomas, deputy governor of Virginia, policy and discipline, 70; and Indians, 71; expeditions against French, 72; abolishes communism, 73; departs, 74. Davenport, John, purpose, 260; in Boston, 261; settles New Haven, 261; organizes government, 262. Davis, John, voyages, 15. Delaware, Lord, governor of Virginia, 61, 78; arrival, 67, 68; administration, 68, 69; death, 78. Delaware River, named, 72; Dutch on, 293; Dutch and Virginians, 294; Swedes on, 296; New Haven on, 296, 311, 315. Denys, Jean, voyage, 284. Dorchester, settled, 198; restless, 242; emigration to Connecticut, 245, 246; settles Windsor, 247; town government, 323. Dorchester adventurers, settlement, 170; renewed activity, 183; patent, 184. See also Massachusetts. Dover (Cocheco), settlement, 175, 267; feeble existence, 268; Puritans control, 268; Antinomian settlers, 269; dissensions, 269; civil contract, 270; annexed by Massachusetts, 271. Drake, Sir Francis, with Hawkins, 10; early years, 10; attack on Panama, 11; on Pacific settlements, 12; circumnavigation, 12; Elizabeth's reception, 13; rescues Raleigh's colony, 25. Dudley, Thomas, agrees to emigrate, 193; deputy governor of Massachusetts, 193, 224; disclaims Separatism, 197; governor, 200, 215. Eaton, Theophilus, purpose, 260; governor of New Haven, 263. Economic condition, England (1606), 39; Virginia (1648), 110; New England (1652), 322; money in New England, 325. Education, in Virginia, 116, 117; in Maryland, 147; in Plymouth, 181; public, in Massachusetts, 323; Harvard College, 324; in Connecticut, 324; extent in New England, 325. Eliot, John, contumacy, 211; Indian mission, 303. Elizabeth, and Hawkins, 10; and Drake, 13; and Frobisher, 14; and Gilbert, 15, 18; and Raleigh, 21; names Virginia, 23; support of Protestantism, 28; and Puritans, 153. Endicott, John, grantee, 184; at Salem, 186; suppresses Merry Mount, 186; anticipates Oldham, 190; Congregationalist, 190; banishes Conformists, 191; and Morton, 192; defaces flag, 206; expedition against Pequots, 252; character, 321. England, spirit of progress, 3, 4; religious conditions, 5; Spanish rivalry, 5; claim to America, 6; unprepared for colonization, 7; fisheries, 7; trade development (1550) 8; slave-trade, 8-10; trade under Mary, 9; private attacks on Spanish colonies, 10-13; search for northwest passage, 14; Spanish war, 28-30, 35; Armada, 30; economic condition (1606), 39; Puritanism, 153; Separatism, 154-156; and French colonies, 289; and New Netherland, 292; bibliography on Spanish relations, 337. See also colonies, and sovereigns by name. Evelin, George, and Kent Island, 137. Exeter, settled, 269; civil contract, 270; annexed by Massachusetts, 272. Falmouth (Casco), Cleves at, 277; submits to Massachusetts, 281. Fenwick, George, patent, 260, 304. Ferdinando, Simon, voyage, 17. Fisheries, English interests, 9; New England monopoly, 168. Frobisher, Martin, voyages, 14. Fur-trade, New England monopoly, 168; French grants, 286, 287; Dutch, 291, 293. Gates, Sir Thomas, governor of Virginia, 61, 70; at Bermudas, 62; at Jamestown, 62, 67. Gilbert, Bartholomew, attempted colony, 34. Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, purpose, 6; early years, 13; first efforts, 14; pamphlet, 14; charter, 15; first expedition, 16; preparation for second, 17; second, 18-21; death, 20. Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, career, 151; colonial activity, 151; opposition to Massachusetts, 187, 204-209; grants, 207, 266, 268; general governor, 208; Massachusetts annexes grant, 209, 279, 280; settlements in territory, 272-274, 276, 277; charter and regulations, 275; and Plough patent, 277, 278; death, 278. Gorges, John, patent, 187; grant to Oldham, 187; heir, 274. Gorges, Robert, settlement, 168; and Weston, 169; grant, 185, 186; heir, 187. Gorton, Samuel, settlement, 230, 233; character, 232; trouble with Massachusetts, 232-234; banished, 234; return, 234. Gosnold, Bartholomew, attempted colony, 34; in Virginia, 42, 49; death, 51. Governors, Virginia, under charter, 61, 79, 80; elective, in Plymouth, 179; in Massachusetts, 199, 202; in Connecticut, 258, 259; in New Haven, 263, 264. Grants, Heath (1629), 120; Pilgrims, 159, 164, 172; Weston (1622), 166; Pierce (1623), 167; Massachusetts (1628), 184; conflicting, 185; Mason and Gorges (1622), 185, 266; (1629), 267, 268; (1631), 268; R. Gorges (1622) 185; Sheffield (1623) 185; E. Gorges (1623), 185; division of New England (1635), 207; Say and Brooke (1631), 248; various, in Maine, 274, 276; Plough, 277; Monts. (1604), 286; Alexander (1621, 1628), 289; Plowden (1632), 294. See also Charters. Grenville, Sir Richard, and Gilbert's plan, 15; conducts Raleigh's colony, 23, 26; captures Spanish ship, 24; death, 24. Hakluyt, Richard, and Gilbert's plan, 15, 17; Western Planting, 22; buys trade right, 31; trade venture, 35; instructions to settlers, 42. Hanham, Thomas, voyage, 39. Hartford, Dutch fort, 241, 310, 316; English settlers, 247. Harvard College, 324. Harvey, John, governor of Virginia, 93; conduct, 96; deposed, 97, 136; reinstated, 98; called to account, 104. Hawkins, Sir John, slave-trade, 9; attacked by Spanish, 10. Hawkins, William, slave-trade, 8. Haynes, John, governor of Connecticut, 200; effort for confederation, 297. Higginson, Francis, minister at Salem, 191; death, 198. Hooker, Thomas, in Massachusetts, 205; liberality, 243; goes to Connecticut, 247; effort for confederation, 297. Hore, voyage, 7. Houses, Virginia, 114. Hudson, Henry, voyage, 291. Hutchinson, Anne, doctrine, 219; following and controversy, 220-225; punishment of followers, 225, 226; banished, 226-228; in Rhode Island, 228; under surveillance, 231; removes, 231; slain, 231. Indians, and Raleigh's colony, 27, 28; Virginia confederacies, 44, 45; houses, 45; religion, 45; adoption of victims, 46-48; maidens' dance, 48; and Virginia, 49, 51, 65, 66, 68, 71; massacres in Virginia, 85, 107; peace, 108; and Maryland, 127, 136, 139; pestilence in New England, 152; and Plymouth, 163-165, 177; and Massachusetts, 200; Roger Williams's influence, 213, 217, 253; Narragansett-Mohegan war, 233, 301; Pequot War, 251-257; and French, 288; and New England Confederation, 300-302; New England missions, 302-304; number of praying, 304; Dutch war, 296, 311. Ingle, Richard, in Maryland, 141. Iroquois, and English, 256; origin of hostility to French, 288. James I., and London Company, 82, 83, 86-88, 90; and Separatists, 155; and Pilgrims, 159. Jamestown, founded, 50; burned, 53; in 1634, 101; improved houses, 102. Kent Island, occupied, 95; Virginia's claim, 134; Baltimore's authority denied, 135; seizure ordered, 136; conflict, 136; royal order, 137; Evelin's treachery, 137; reduced by Calvert, 138; decreed to Baltimore, 138; Claiborne's return, 142. Kieft, William, governor of New Netherland, 296; and New England, 310-312. Kittery, settlement, 278; submits to Massachusetts, 280. Land, allotment in Virginia, 79; manors in Maryland, 130; division in Plymouth, 167; in Massachusetts, 189; Williams's objection to titles, 213, 214. La Roche, Marquis de, colony, 286. La Tour, Charles de, in Acadia, quarrel with Aulnay, 290, 306-309; Massachusetts aids, 291, 306-309. Legislation, of Virginia's first assembly, 80; on tobacco, 103; initiative in Maryland, 131, 133; Maryland Toleration Act, 144; New England codes, 180, 203, 326; initiative in Massachusetts, 203; New England sumptuary, 326. Lery, Baron de, attempted settlement, 284. Literature in New England, 327. London Company, charter, 36-38; patron, 37; government, 37-39; new charter, 59-61; third charter, 76; self-government, 76; policy, 76; control, 81; and the king, 82; Sandys's enterprise, 82; overthrow, 86-88; service, 88; loyalty of colony, 89; attempts to restore, 91, 95, 104-106; patents to Pilgrims, 159. See also Virginia. Long Island, Plowden's grant, 294; Alexander's grant, 294; English settlements, 296. Lyford, John, in Plymouth and Massachusetts, 170, 171. Lynn, settled, 198. Mace, Samuel, voyage, 33. Maine, Popham's colony, 40, 41; grants, 207, 266, 268, 274-277; Massachusetts annexes, 209, 279-281; settlements, 267, 273; origin of name, 272; Gorges's charter and regulations, 275; Massachusetts buys a patent, 276; Plough patent resisted and arbitrated, 277, 278; union of Gorges's settlements, 278; results of annexation, 281; bibliography, 336. Manhattan purchased, 293. Manors in Maryland, 129, 130. Manufactures, New England, 322. Maps, Virginia (1608), 57; New England (1614), 150. Maryland, Virginia's protest, 96, 122; Puritan settlers, 109, 144; charter, 121, 122; boundaries, 121; named, 122; power of proprietary, 123-126; legislative power, 125; religious freedom, 125, 139, 140, 143, 144; first settlers, 126; leaving England, 126; and Indians, 127, 136, 139; settlement, 127; conditions favoring growth, 128; servants, 128; rural society, 129; government, 129; manors, 130; democracy, 130; origin of laws, 131, 133; composition of assembly, 133; Kent Island affair, 134-139; Catholic propaganda, 139; and Great Rebellion, 140; and Ingle, 141; Protestant revolt, 141, 142; Calvert regains control, 142; Stone governor, 143; and Parliament, 143, 145-147; oath of fidelity, 145; parliamentary control, 147; population (1652), 147; social conditions, 147; bibliography, 332-334. Mason, John, grants, 185, 207, 266-268; opposition to Massachusetts, 204-208; death, 208; Massachusetts annexes grant, 209, 271, 272; settlements in territory, 268-270. Mason, John, in Pequot War, 254-256. Massachusetts, trade with Virginia, 104; minor settlements, 166, 168, 170, 175; Dorchester adventurers, 170, 183; Merry Mount, 174, 186, 192, 197; religion not primary interest, 184; patent, 184, 185; boundaries, 184, 270; conflicting grants, 185; Salem reinforced, 186; government for colonists, 189; land allotment, 189; and Oldham's claim, 187, 190; charter, government, 188, 189; Congregationalism established, 190, 192, 196, 201, 202, 210; religious persecution, 191, 201, 211, 237, 319; government transferred to America, 193; great emigration, cause, 193-195; sickness, 195, 196, 198, 199; towns (1630), 198; first general court, 199; governors, 199; and Indians, 200; rise of theocracy, 200-202; quality of clergy, 200, 205; assistants usurp power, 201; restricted suffrage, 202, 210, 211; criminal law, 202; representation established, 202, 203; popular elections, 203; origin of laws, 203; code, 203; opposition in England, 204-209; temporarily sustained, 204; and Laud, 205; increased immigration, 205; population (1634), 205; (1643), 209; charter demanded, 205, 208; prepares for resistance, 206; and English flag, 206; petition, 206; judgment against, frustrated, 208; annexes New Hampshire and Maine, 209, 271, 272, 279-281; opposition to religious despotism, 211, 212; Williams incident, 212-218; religious regulations, 218; Antinomian controversy, 219-228; its effect, 228; and Rhode Island, 230, 231, 235-238; and Gorton, 232-235; parliamentary grant, 235; and settlement of Connecticut, 240-242; emigration to Connecticut, 242-247; opposition to restricted suffrage, 243, 271, 319; and Pequot War, 251-253, 256; and Davenport's colony, 261; buys a Maine patent, 276; arbitrates on Plough patent, 277; influence of annexations, 281; and La Tour, 291, 306-309; boundary disputes, 298, 304; and trade with Canada, 309; and Parliament, 318; Cambridge platform, 320; "glacial period," 321; mint, 325; bibliography, 334. See also New England. Maverick, Samuel, settlement, 175; grant, 274; fined, 319. Mayhew, Thomas, Indian mission, 302-304. Merry Mount, settlement, 174; suppressed, 174, 186; Morton's return, 192. Miantonomoh, and Gorton, 233; captured and slain, 233. Minuit, Peter, governor of New Netherland, 293; Swedish colony, 296. Mohegans, Narragansett war, 233, 300-302. Money in New England, 325. Monts, Sieur de, grant, 286; attempted settlement, 287. Morton, Thomas, at Merry Mount, 174; sent to England, 175, 197; return, 192; attorney against Massachusetts, 208. Mount Desert Island, French settlement reduced, 72, 149, 289. Mystic, settled, 198. Nantasket, settled, 170. Narragansetts, and Plymouth, 165; Mohegan war, 233, 300; and Pequot War, 251, 253; and New England Confederation, 300-302. Netherlands, Separatists in, 154-158; voyages to America, 291. New England, coast explorations, 34, 35, 40, 150; map (1614), 150; named, 150; attempted settlement, 150; Indian pestilence, 152; settlements (1628), 175; population (1643), 209; (1652), 322; preparation against Dutch, 316; communication, 322; trade, 322; ship-building, 322; manufactures, 322; town government, 322, 323; education, 323-325; money, 325; marriage, 326; sumptuary laws, 326; criminal laws, 326; social character, 326; literature, 327; bibliography on Dutch relations, 337; bibliography on French relations, 337. See also next title, Council for New England, Plymouth Company, and colonies by name. New England Confederation, causes and attempts, 282, 297, 298; organized, members, 298; object, management, powers, support, 299; defects, 300; population, 300; and Indian war, 300-302; and Massachusetts, 301, 305, 306, 308, 310, 316, 317; appointment of commander, 301; and Indian missions, 302-304; boundary decision, 304; Connecticut River tolls, 304-306; and French, 308, 310; and Dutch, 311-313; Dutch treaty, 313, 314; war threats, 315-317; permanency thwarted, 317. New Hampshire, Massachusetts annexes, 209, 271, 272; grants, 266, 267; settlements, 267, 269, 270; named, 268; feebleness, 268; dissensions, 269; civil contracts, 270; Massachusetts' claim, 270; suffrage after annexation, 271; and the confederation, 298; bibliography, 336. See also New England. New Haven, settlers' plan, 260; settled, 261; purchase from Indians, 262; government, 262-264; suffrage, 262-264; union, 264; growth, 265; on Delaware, 296, 311, 315; Kieft's bluster, 312; trade ventures, 315; migration considered, 315; bibliography, 335. See also New England. New London, settled, 260; jurisdiction, 304. New Netherland, Argall in, 72; and Plymouth, 175, 240; on Connecticut, 239-242, 249; trade charter, 292; boundaries, 292, 313; English protest, 292; settlement, 293; patroonships, 293; English encroachments, 294-296, 310-312, 315; Indian war, 296, 311; New England boundary, 313, 314; New England war threats, 315-317; bibliography, 336, 337. New Sweden, settlement, 296; bibliography, 337. Newfoundland, English voyages, 7; fisheries, 7; Gilbert at, 19, 20; Calvert's settlement, 118. Newport, Christopher, conducts Virginia colony, 42; in council, 49; seeks gold mine, 50; visits, 52, 53, 55-57, 62. Newport, settled, 229. Newtown, restless, 242; migration to Connecticut, 244, 246; settles Hartford, 247. Northwest passage, search, 8, 14, 15; Gilbert's pamphlet, 14. Norton, John, bigotry, 321. Oldham, John, in Plymouth, 170; at Nantasket and Cape Ann, 170, 171; and Massachusetts Company, 187, 190; killed, 252. Opechancanough, massacres, 85, 107; captured and slain, 108. Parliament, trade charter (1566), 14; sanctions Raleigh's charter, 22; and Virginia, 111-113; and Maryland, 143, 145-147; and Massachusetts, 235, 318; charter to Rhode Island, 235. Patents. See Charters, Grants. Patroonships in New Netherland, 293. Pemaquid, settled, 273. Pequot War, 251-257; killing of Stone, 251, 252; Massachusetts' expedition, 252; Narragansett alliance, 253; settlements attacked, 254; capture of Indian fort, 254-256; Pequots exterminated, 256; results, 257. Percy, George, in Virginia, 43, 64, 65. Pilgrims, English congregation, 155; leaders, 155; flight to Holland, 156; at Leyden, 157, 158; decide to settle in Virginia, 158; James I.'s attitude, 159; patents, 159; financial arrangement, 159; voyage, 160; land-fall, 160; compact, 161; settlement, 161. See also Plymouth. Piscataqua. See Portsmouth. Plymouth, settlement, 161; named, 162; scurvy, 163; and Indians, 163-165, 177; first summer, 164; patents, 164, 172, 178; first cargo, 165; and Weston's settlers, 166; trouble with partners, 167, 169; land division, 167; character of immigrants, 169, 170; conspiracy, 170; Cape Ann trouble, 170; buys out partners, 171; trading-posts, 172; reunion, 172; boundaries, 173; and Merry Mount, 174; and Dutch, 175, 240; French attacks, 176, 177; on Connecticut, 177, 239-242, 245; growth, 178; government, 179; suffrage, 180; code, 180; town government, 180; ministers, 181; education, 181; thrift, 181; significance, 182; and Roger Williams, 217, 218; boundary dispute, 298; bibliography, 334. See also New England, Pilgrims. Plymouth Company, charter, 36-38; patrons, 37; government, 37-39; attempted settlements, 39-41, 150; inactive, 149; Gorges's activity, 151; reorganized, 152. See also Council for New England. Plough patent, 277; resisted and arbitrated, 277, 278. Pocahontas, rescues Smith, 46-48; dance, 48; seized, 71; married, 71; in England, 74; death, 77. Popham, George, colony, 40; death, 41; fate of colony, 41. Popham, Sir John, and Zuñiga, 36; patron of Plymouth Company, 37; colony, 40; death, 41. Population, Virginia (1629), 93; (1635), 100; (1652), 114; Maryland (1652), 147; Massachusetts (1634), 205; (1643), 209; New England (1643), 209, 300; (1652), 322; Connecticut (1653), 260. Port Royal, Argall reduces, 72, 149, 289; settlement, 287; rebuilt, 289. Portsmouth (Piscataqua), N.H., settled, 175, 267; feeble existence, 268; Anglicanism, 268; civil contract, 270; annexed by Massachusetts, 271. Portsmouth, R.I., settled, 229. Potato, introduction, 26. Pott, John, in Virginia, 93, 94; and Baltimore, 119. Poutrincourt at Port Royal, 287. Powhatan, chief of confederacy, 44, 45; crowned, 56; and Virginia, 69-71; death, 85. Prado, de, voyage, 7. Presbyterianism, Massachusetts' attitude, 319-321. Pring, Martin, voyage, 35, 39. Providence, Md., founded, 109, 144. Providence, R.I., settled, 218; growth, 230; and Gorton, 232; union with Rhode Island, 235, 237. Puritans, in Virginia, 106; in Maryland, 109, 144, 145; rise, 153; Separatists, 154-156. See also New England colonies by name. Quebec, settled, 288; captured, 290. Quo warranto against Virginia Company, 88. Raleigh, Sir Walter, and Gilbert's plan, 15; voyage with Gilbert, 16; appearance, 21; accomplishments, 21; royal favor, 21; charter, 22; exploring expedition, 22, 23; first colony, 23-25; second, 26, 27; introduces potato and tobacco, 26; third colony, 27; colony and Indians, 27, 28, 32; and Armada, 29; relief expeditions, 30; assigns trade right, 31; fate of colony, 31, 32; place in history, 32; fall, 33; in Guinea, 33; executed, 33; monopoly abrogated, 35; search for colony, 56. Ratcliffe, John, in Virginia, 43, 49, 57, 63; president, 51; and Smith, 52, 63; deposed, 54; slain, 65. Religion, influence on Spain, 4; on England, 5; freedom in Maryland, 125, 139, 140, 143, 144; persecution in Massachusetts, 191, 201, 211, 237, 319; theocracy in New England, 200-202, 258, 262-264; freedom in Rhode Island, 238; Indian missions, 302-304; bibliography on influence, 338. See also sects by name. Representation, Virginia, 79, 80, 92-94; and taxation in Virginia, 90, 96, 113; James I.'s policy, 91; Maryland, 125, 133; Plymouth, 179; Massachusetts, 202, 203; Connecticut, 250, 258; New Haven, 265; town unit, 322. See also Suffrage. Rhode Island, Providence settled, 218; island purchased and settled, 229; body politic, 229; union of settlements, 230, 237, 238; attitude of Massachusetts, 230, 231, 235-238; parliamentary charter, 235; boundaries, 235; Gorton's settlement, 232-235; Coddington's commission, 237, 238; Baptists in, 237; religious freedom, 238; and New England Confederation, 298; named, 292; bibliography, 335. See also New England. Richelieu and Canada, 288. Roberval, colony, 285. Robinson, John, character, 155; in Leyden, 157; remains there, 160; death, 172. Rolfe, John, marries Pocahontas, 72; plants tobacco, 75; secretary of state, 77. Roxbury, settled, 198; emigration to Springfield, 247. Russia, English voyages, 8. Sable Island, attempted settlements, 284, 286. Saco, settlement, 273; and Plough patent, 277; submits to Massachusetts, 280. St. Croix, French settlement reduced, 72, 149, 289. St. Mary's, founded, 127. Salem (Naumkeag), settled, 175, 183; Endicott at, 186; named, 186; sickness, 186, 195; and Roger Williams, 213-217. Saltonstall, Sir Richard, agrees to emigrate, 193; attempted settlement, 248. Sandys, Sir Edwin, in London Company, policy, 76, 78; treasurer, 81; enterprise, 82; royal opposition, 82; and Charles I., 91. Say and Sele, Lord, grant, 248; buys Dover, 268, 271. Saybrook, founded, 249, 259; sold to Connecticut, 260. Scarboro, grant of site, 274; submits to Massachusetts, 281. Scrivener, Matthew, in Virginia, 54, 57; death, 57. Separatism, rise, 154; refuge in Holland, 154-156. See also Congregationalism, Pilgrims. Servants, in Virginia, 100, 115; in Maryland, 128. Sheriff, in Maryland, 129. Ship-building, New England, 322. Slave-trade, English, 8-10. Slavery, introduction, 81; social influence, 116, 147. Smith, John, Virginia settler, 43; career, 43; rescued by Pocahontas, 46-48; arrested, 49; in council, 49; cape merchant, 51; supplies from Indians, 52; captured, 52; condemned by Ratcliffe, 52; restored, 53; president, 54; answer to company's complaints, 57; maps, 57, 150; sole ruler, 57, 63; avoids famine, 58; deposed, 64: leaves, 64; on coast of New England, 150; attempted settlement, 150; captured by French, 151; service to New England, 152. Smith, Sir Thomas, buys trade right, 31; in London Company, 76, 78, 81. Social conditions, slavery, 81, 116, 147; servants, 100, 115, 128; Virginia (1634), 101-103; (1648), 110; houses, 114; hospitality, 115; absence of towns, 115, 129; Virginia education, 116, 117; Maryland (1652), 147; New England criminal codes, 180, 203, 326; influence of Calvinism, 321; New England towns, 322, 323; education, 323-325; marriage, 326; sumptuary laws, 326; general characteristics, 326; literature, 327; bibliography, 338. Somers, Sir George, at Bermudas, 62; death, 68. Sources, on period 1574-1652, 329-331; on Virginia, 331, 332; on Maryland, 333; on Plymouth and Massachusetts, 334; on Rhode Island, 335; on Connecticut and New Haven, 335; on New Hampshire and Maine, 336; on New Netherland, 336, 337; on French colonies, 337. Southampton, earl of, in London Company, 34, 35, 77, 82. Southampton, joins Connecticut, 259; settled, 296. Southold, union with New Haven, 265; settled, 296. Spain, decay, 3; influence of colonial empire, 4; religious influences, 4; English rivalry, 5; and Drake's attacks, 13; attacks Gilbert's expedition, 16; English war, 28-30, 35; Armada, 30; power destroyed, 30; and English colonies, 36, 60, 74, 283, 284. See also colonies. Springfield, settled, 247; and river-tolls, 305. Standish, Miles, Separatist, in Leyden, 158; exploration, 161; suppresses Merry Mount, 175. Stone, William, governor of Maryland, 143, 144; removed and restored, 147. Stuyvesant, Peter, and New England Confederation, 312; treaty, 313, 314. Suffrage, Virginia, 116; Plymouth, 180; Massachusetts, 202, 210, 211, 243, 319; Connecticut, 258; New Haven, 262-264; New Hampshire, 271. Taxation and representation in Virginia, 90, 96, 113. Theocracy in New England, 200-202, 258, 262-264. Thompson, David, settlements, 175, 267. Tobacco, Raleigh introduces, 26; cultivation begun, 75; growth of trade, 83, 92; duty, 83, 93; monopoly, 86, 93; fall in price, 103; legislation, 103; in Maryland, 128. Towns, absence in Virginia, 115; and in Maryland, 129; government in Plymouth, 180; unit in New England, 322; meetings, 323; selectmen, 323; business 323. Trade, English, development (1550), 8; slave-trade, 8-10; direction under Mary, 9; Hawkins's voyages, 9; tobacco, 83, 86, 92, 103; Virginia, 100, 103; fur, 168, 286, 287, 291, 293; New England, 322. Travel, New England conditions (1652), 322. Treaties, St. Germain (1632), 290; Hartford (1650), 314. Twiller, Wouter van, and claim to Connecticut, 242; governor of New Netherland, 293; and Eelkens, 294; recalled, 296. Uncas, captures and slays Miantonomoh, 233; policy, 240, 302. Underhill, John, at Dover, 269; and Dutch, 269. Union, Rhode Island, 230, 237; Connecticut, 250; New Haven, 264; New Hampshire, 270, 272; Maine, 278. See also New England Confederation. Vane, Sir Harry, governor of Massachusetts, 200; and Antinomian controversy, 220-223; defeated, 224; returns to England, 225. Verrazzano, John, voyage, 284. Virginia, Raleigh's charter, 22; exploring expedition, 22, 23; named, 23; Raleigh's attempted settlement, 23-28, 31, 32; charter, 36-38; and Spain, 36, 60, 74, 283; boundaries, 37; regulations for settlement, 42; settlers, 42; topography, 43; Indians, 44-49; voyage, 49; quarrel, 49; first officers, 49; relation with Indians, 49, 51, 68, 71; Jamestown founded, 50; suffering and dissensions, 50-54, 58, 63-66, 69, 74, 84; search for gold, 51, 53, 56, 69; Smith's enterprise, 51, 52, 54; First Supply, 52; cargoes, 53, 54, 57; Second Supply, 55; first marriage and birth, 55; company's instructions (1608), 55; Powhatan crowned, 56; search for Raleigh's colony, 56; answer to company, 57; map, 57; Argall's relief, 59, 63; new charter, 59-61; gentlemen settlers, causes of calamities, 59; communism, 59; absolute governor, 61; Third Supply, 61-63; Starving Time, 66; abandonment decided upon, 67; Delaware's timely arrival, 67, 68; his administration, 68-70; deputy governors, 70; Dale's rule, 70-74; expeditions against Acadia, 72; communism abolished, 73; in 1616, 74; tobacco planting begins, 75; third charter, 76; company's policy, 76; Argall's tyranny, 77, 78; land division, 77, 79; charter of privileges, 78; Yardley governor, 78, 79; in 1619, 78; private associations, 79; representation, 79, 92-94, 123; church of England, 80, 106; first assembly, 80; first negro slaves, 81; cargo of maidens, 81; tobacco trade and regulation, 83, 86, 92, 103; prosperity, 84, 102; first massacre, 85; commission to investigate, 87; charter voided, 88; loyalty to company, 89; taxation and representation, 90, 96, 113; royal control, 90, 91, 95, 96; policy of James I., 91; population (1629), 93; (1635), 100; (1652), 114; Harvey's rule, 93, 96; deposed and reinstated, 97-99, 136; northern expansion, 94; and Maryland charter, 96, 120-123; Wyatt governor, 99, 104; servants, 100, 115; trade (1635), 100; settlements (1634), 101, 102; (1652), 113, 114; continued mortality, 102, 104; corn trade, 103; parliamentary charter, 105; Berkeley governor, 105; petition against charter, 105; loyalty to king, 105, 111; Puritans, 106, 108, 109; second massacre, 107; peace, 108; cavalier immigration, 109, 111; improved ministry, 110; in 1648, 110; and parliamentary commission, 111-113; control by burgesses, 113; houses, 114; hospitality, 115; absence of towns, 115; democracy, 116; influence of slavery, 116; education, 116, 117; and Baltimore, 119; origin of laws, 123; claim to Kent Island, 134-138; and Dutch on Delaware, 294; bibliography, 331. See also London Company. Voyages, Cabot (1497, 1498), 6; Prado (1527), 7; Hore (1535), 7; Willoughby (1553), 8; English, to Russia, 8; Drake (1577-1580), 12; Cavendish (1586), 13; Frobisher (1376-1578), 14; Davis (1585-1587), 15; Barlow and Amidas (1584), 22, 23; Denys (1506), 284; Aubert (1508), 284; Verrazzano (1524), 284; Cartier (1534-1536), 284; Alefonse (1542), 285; Hudson (1609), 291; bibliography, 329, 330. Walker, John, voyage, 17. Wars, Spanish-English (1588), 28-30, 35; Pequot (1637), 251-257; English-French (1627), 289, 290; English-Dutch (1652), 315. Warwick, earl of, in London Company, 76, 81; grant, 185, 239. Warwick settled, 230, 233-235. Watertown, settled, 198; restless, 242; migration to Connecticut, 245, 246; settles Wethersfield, 246. Welles, founded, 272; submits to Massachusetts, 280. West, Francis, in Virginia, 55, 92; and fishermen, 168. West Indies, Spain and England in, 284. Wethersfield, settled, 247; Indian attack, 254. Weymouth, George, voyage, 35. Weymouth (Wessagusset), settlement, 166, 168. Wheelwright, John, and Antinomianism, 220-224; banished, 226; at Dover, 269; settles Exeter, 269; founds Welles, 272; return to Massachusetts, 272. White, Andrew, Jesuit, in Maryland, 126; sent to England, 141. White, John, water-colors, 26; governor of Raleigh's colony, 27, 28; attempted relief, 31. White, Rev. John, and Salem settlement, 183; pamphlet, 194. Williams, Roger, in Massachusetts, 212; harsh creed, 213; objections, 213; in Plymouth, 213, 217, 218; and Indians, 213, 217, 251, 253; on land titles, 214; trial, 214, 215; objection to oaths, 215; and Salem, 216; banished, 216, 217; flight, 217; settles Providence, 218; secures patent, 235; triumphal return, 236; Baptist, 237; thwarts Coddington, 238. Willoughby, Sir Hugh, voyage, 8. Wilson, John, Congregationalist, 196; sermons, 218; and Antinomianism, 220, 223. Windsor, Plymouth fort, 242; Dorchester settlers, 245-247. Wingfield, E.M., in Virginia, 43, 49, 51-53, 54. Winslow, Edward, Separatist, in Leyden, 158; agent in England, 206, 279. Winthrop, John, agrees to emigrate, 193; governor, 193, 224; Congregationalist, 196; and Antinomian controversy, 220-228; character, death, 243, 321; and La Tour, 307. Winthrop, John (2), theoretic governor, 249; settles New London, 260. Wyatt, Sir Francis, governor of Virginia, 85, 90, 92, 99; commissioner, 95. Yardley, Sir George, governor of Virginia, 70, 75, 78, 92; death, 92. York (Agamenticus, Gorgeana), government, 275, 276; submits to Massachusetts, 280.