Book 3 — INDEX.
Reading edition
Aachen, Council of, 36, 58, 60 Abbot, John, 125, 155 Abbot of Ramsey, 36 Abbotsbury Gild, 144 “A B C,” 74, 167, 228, 229 Abelard, 134, 135, 218 Acaster College, 75, 91, 211 et seq. Adam du Petit Point, 78, 220 Adelard, 34, 78 Adulterine Gilds, 148 Aelfric, Abbot, 36, 37, 54 Agatha, 13 Agriculture, 7, 129, 130 Aidan, St., 11, 15, 16 Aix-la-Chapelle, Council of, 58, 60 Alberic, 78, 218 Albert, Archbishop, 26, 27 Albertus Magnus, 134 Albigensian Heresy, 184 Alchemy, 224 Alcuin, 26 et seq., 29, 30, 36 Aldeborough, 163, 165 Aldhelm, 12, 26 Alexander II., Pope, 58 Alexander of Hales, 187 Alexandria, Schools of, 20 Alfeah, Bishop, 34 Alfred’s Palace School, 33 Alfred the Great, 31 et seq. All Hallow’s (London) School, 96 All Saints’ School, Warwick, 43 Almonry Schools, 69, 106, 170, 172, 174 Almshouses, 200, 210 Aluuid, 41 Annones, 40 Anselm, Archbishop, 57, 58, 60, 78, 134, 135 Appointment of Schoolmasters, 104, 105 Apprenticeship, 153, 154 Aquinas, Thomas, 134 Arabic, 224, 225 Architecture, 7 Aristotle, 134, 220, 225 Art, 228 Arundel School, 105, 241 Asceticism, 6 Aske, Robert, 175 Asser, 32 Asserton, 168 Astronomy, 25 Athelard of Waltham, 42 Athelhelm, 39, 117 Athelstan, King, 34 Athelwold, Bishop, 33, 35 Athens, Schools at, 20 Augustine, St., of Canterbury, 3, 12, 20, 26 Augustine, St., of Hippo, 18, 23 Avranches School, 58 Bacon, Roger, 87, 224-227 Balcombe, 229 Balsham, Bishop, 204 Banbury, 230 Bardney, 174 Barton School, 86 Basil, St., of Caesarea, 7, 14, 27 Basil, St., of Lindisfarne, 11 Basingstoke, 163, 164 Battle School, 105 Beccles Manor, 105 Beckington, Bishop, 90 Bec, Monastery of, 27, 57, 58 Bede, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 24, 25 et seq. Bedford School, 85, 105 Begging Scholars, 189 et seq. Benedict Biscop, 12, 13, 14 Benedict, St., 8 et seq. Benedictine monks, 5 et seq. Benedictine rules, 9, 105, 178, 181 Benedictine statutes, 105, 178, 181 Berkeley, Lady, 207 Berkhampstead, 164 Bernard of Clairvaux, 135 Bernard Sylvester, 219 Bernard’s, St., College, Oxford, 180 Bishop’s Schools, 23, 24, 28 et seq. Black Death, 126, 127, 241, 243 Boethius, 133, 222, 226 Bologna, 136 Boniface, Archbishop, 140 Boston, 85, 237 Botelor School, 114 Bourne, 171 Brecon, 74, 167, 214 Bredgar, 207 Bridgnorth, 154, 163 Bristol Gilds, 146, 150 Bristol Schools, 85 Brock, William, 181 Bromiscombe, Bishop, 206 Brotherhood of the Holy Ghost, Gild of, 164 Bruton, 61, 105, 171, 172 Burghersh, Bishop, 193 Bury St. Edmunds, 61, 85, 89, 105, 114, 171 Byngham, Wm., 127 Byrhtferth, 36 Caedmon, 12 Calne Chantry, 168 Cambridge Gild, 144 Cambridge, Univ. of, 140, et seq., 179, 184, 186, 203, 204 Canon Law, 79, 80, 83, 85, 87 Canterbury, 26, 27, 28, 61, 74, 75, 204 Canterbury Hall, 180 Canute, King, 41 Capitalist Class, Rise of, 131 Capitularies, 787, 789, 802, 27 Carlisle Gilds, 146 Carpenter, Sir J., 213 Carrow Abbey, 176 Cassian, 7, 8 Cassiodorus, 8, 133 Catechetical Schools, 22 Cathedral Schools, 10, 22 et seq., 69 Ceolfrid, 10, 12 Ceolnoth, Archbishop, 19 Ceolwulf, 16 Chad, St., 5, 15 Chalons-sur-Sôane, 24 Chancellor, 80 et seq., 106, 142, 213 Chantries’ Act, 159, 169, 188, 206 Chantry Schools, 98, 109, 157 et seq. Charles the Great, 28, 46 Chartres, 5, 8, 66, 78, 218 Chaucer, 121, 176, 227, 237, 238 Chesterfield, 105 Chicheley, Archbishop, 126, 210, 235 Childrey, 229 Chivalry, 119, 120, 131 Choristers’ Schools, 89 et seq. Christ Church, Hants., 85, 105, 171 Christ Church, Oxford, 180 Christ Church, Twineham, 61 Christian Schools, 22 et seq. Chrodegang, Bishop, 18 Church and Education, 1, 2, 18, 19, 33 et seq., 44 et seq., 53 et seq., 118 et seq., 168, 169 et seq. Church and State, Relation between, 12, 17 et seq., 44, 45, 49, 76 Church Scot, 40 Cicero, 13, 21, 133, 225, 230 Cirencester, 105 Clement of Alexandria, 22 Clement V., Pope, 127 Clermont, 23, 24 Cloveshoo, Council of, 11 Cluny, 57 et seq. Cock Penny, 113 Coggeshall School, 164, 200 Colchester, 105 Colet, Dean, 67, 111, 113, 167, 230 College de Dix Huit, 202 Collegiate Churches, 17 et seq., 44 et seq., 106 et seq., 193, 196, Bk. III. Ch. 7 Collyer, Richard, 234 Cologne Gilds, 144 Commensales, 194 Commercial changes in the 15th century, 130 Common Sciences, 224 Corbeil, 35 Corpus Christi, Gild of, 156 Coventry Gild, 156 Coventry Leet Book, 125 Coventry School, 113, 154, 171, 174, 241 Coxford Priory and Convent, 109 Craft Gilds, 52, 146-148, 151 Crediton Chantry, 168, 214 Cromer School, 125 Cross, St., Hospital of, 191 Crusades, Influence on Education, 118 et seq., 132, 134 Cuckfield, 229, 230, 234 Curriculum, 22, 24, 26, 133, 166, 167, 226, 229, 230, 234, Book III. Chap. 8 Cuthbert, St., 13, 16 Cynewulf, 12 Danish Invasions, 31 Decay of Chivalry, 131 Decline of Feudal System, 130 Denton, 168 Derby, 85, 89, 105, 171, 192 Deritend, 163, 164 Dialectics, 133 Diet, 5 Discipline, 42 Dominic, St., 149, 183 Dominician Friars, 183 et seq. Donatus, 35, 66, 71, 88, 133, 228 Doomsday Book, 30, 39, 43, 50 Dorchester, 168 Drapers’ Guild, 154 Duns Scotus, 134, 187 Dunstable, 85, 96, 105, 171, 221 Dunstan, Archbishop, 16, 33 et seq., 38, 39, 96 Dunwich, 65 Durham, 105, 114, 123, 124, 146, 173, 174, 177, 178, 192 Dyer, William, 234 Eadmer, 62 Eanbald, Archbishop, 29 East Retford, 163, 165 Eata, 11 Eccleshall, 163, 165 Economic conditions in Anglo-Saxon times, 14 Edgar, King, 33, 41, 86 Edward the Confessor, 43 Edward VI., Schools of, 152 Egglesfield, 196 Elementary Instruction, 222 Elizabeth, Queen, 152 Endowment, 196 Episcopal Schools, 24, 28, 61 Ernwulf, Prior, 57 Eton, 70, 91, 96, 101, 167, 188 et seq., 193, 194, 195, 196, 200, 201, 214, 215 Evesham, 61, 104 Exeter, 70, 97, 144, 154, 192, 197, 198 Experimental Science, 224 Eye Chantry, 164 Eynsham, 138 Factory System, 129 “Fagging,” 122 Farmary School, 173, 174 Farthinghoe, 125, 155 Fastolf, Sir John, 162 Ferendon, 98 Feudal System, 45 et seq., 118 et seq., 243 Fines, Feudal, 51 Fitzstephen, 10, 113, 117, 221 Fleury, 35, 42 Florence of Worcester, 62 Flower, Ed., 234 Foreign Trade in 15th century, 130 Fotheringhay, 210 France, Church of, 78 Franciscans, 149, 182, 183 Fraternity of the Assumption of the Virgin, 151 Free School, 67 et seq. Free Tenants, 50, 117 French Language in Schools, 127, 128, 223 Freya, 3 Friars, 182 et seq., 223 Frideswide, St., 138 Frith Gilds, 145 Frithegode, 39 Gallienus, 144 Gaps School, 24 Gardyner, John, 155 Gargrave, 164, 165 Geoffrey of Maine, 61 Geoffrey of Monmouth, 62 Ghent, 38 Giffard, Bishop, 180 Gilds, 2, 52, 109 et seq., 136, 142, 144, 145, 147, 148, 150, 151, 155, 156 Giles, Bishop, 192, 203 Giraldus Cambrensis, 138, 222 Girls, Education of, 170 et seq. Glasney, 74, 167, 206 Glastonbury, 33, 34 Gloucester, 19, 96, 98, 100, 105, 171, 174, 177, 178 Gloucester College, Oxford, 180, 181 Godfrey of Malmesbury, 59 Goldsmiths’ Company, 125, 155 Goode, Bishop, 74 Graeco-Roman Schools, 20, 24 Grammar, 7, 65, 193, 194, 198, 205, 206, 210, 211, 213, 215, 216, 222, 224, 227, 228, 229, 233, 238, 241 Grammar School, 20, 65 et seq., 84 et seq. Grandisson, Bishop, 192, 206 Grantham School, 86 Gratian, Edict of, 40 Greek Education, 8 Greek, 224, 225 Green, Sir Wm., 190 Gregory, Bishop, 23, 26, 31 Gregory VII., Pope, 48 Gregory IX., Pope, 136 Grimsby School, 86 Grosseteste, Robert, 139, 223, 240 Gryndour, Richard, 114 Guildford, 186 Guldulf, Bishop, 57 Gynwell, Bishop, 176 Hadrian, Abbot, 12, 25 Hamburg Gild, 144 Hamlyn, John, 100 Hanse des Merchandes de L’eau, 146 Harold, King, 42 Harrow, 200 Hartlebury, 113 Hastings, 85 Hatherton, 157 Hebrew, 224, 225 Hemmingborough, 208 Henry I., 147 Henry II., 47, 146 Henry III., 140, 141 Henry VII., 181 Henry VIII., 159 Henry of Blois, Bishop, 191 Henry of Huntingdon, 62 Herebald, 25 Hermit, 6 Herton, Rd., 191 Hexham, 25, 28, 30 Heytesbury, 213 Higham Ferrens, 210 Hilary, Bishop, 23 Hincmar, 48 Hingham, 237 Holbeach, 168 Holy Cross, Waltham, 42 Horace, 13, 20 Horncastle, 86 Horsham, 23 Hospitals, 191, 192, 210, 213 Hospitaller, 120 Houghton, 168, 234 Howden Schools, 73, 205 Hull Schools, 168 Hundred Years’ War, 130 Huntingdon, 61, 62, 85, 96, 105, 171 Ideals of Chivalry, 119, 120 Ilbert of Lacy, 94 Impropriation, 236 Infant Education, 7, 10 Ini, King, 16 Innocent III., Pope, 47, 84, 182 Ipswich, 114, 116, 154, 178, 179, 186, 228 Ireland, 11, 20, 34 Isidorus, 133 Islip, John, Abbot, 180 Islip, Simon, Archbishop, 180, 237 Ivo of Chartres, 58 Jarrow, 12 Jerome, 20, 26 Jews, 6 John, Abbot, 13 John, King, 140 John of Cella, 61 John of Salisbury, 78, 87, 217-220, 222 John, St., Bishop of Hexham, 25 John, St., of Beverley, 25 Joissy of London, 202 Kalendars, Gild of, 105 Kempe, John, 211 King’s College, Cambridge, 194 Kingston Gild, 156 Kinoulton, 70, 86 Knighthood, 120 Knights of Santiago, 120 Lancaster, 105, 155, 163 et seq. Lanfranc, 15, 57, 58, 78, 204 Langley, Bishop, 114, 158 Lateran Council, 83, 84 Latin, 4 et seq., 11, 13, 19, 29, 32, 43, 72, 103, 166 Launceston, 74, 167 Law, 221, 228 Lectors, 186 Ledbury, 214 Legislation, 235, 241 Leicester, 105 Leland, 137 Le Mans, 24 Leo I., Pope, 24, 26 Lerens, 24 Lewes, 105, 171 Libraries, 12, 26, 27 Lichfield, 230, 237 Lincoln, 80, 86, 91, 101, 102, 146, 168, 172, 186 Lindisfarne, 3, 11, 74, 75 Litteratores, School of, 20 Llangadock, 214 Llanthony, 98 Logic, 133, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 226, 230, 235, 238, 240, 241, 242, 243 Lombard, Peter, 224 London, Council of, 56 Lübeck, 144 Lucretius, 21 Luxeuil, 24 Lyme Regis, 145, 168 Lynn, 144 Lyons, 20 Macclesfield, 125 Maidstone, 208 Maistyr of Gramer, 123 Maldon, 150 Malet, Robert, 94 Malmesbury, 105 Manchester, 113, 230 Manners, 234 Manorial System, 49 et seq., 126 Manufactures, Rise of, 128 Manuscript, Transcription of, 8, 9 Marlborough, 86 Marseilles, 7 Martianus, 133 Mary-le-Bow, 96 Mary, Queen, 152 Mary’s, St., Coll., Oxford, 180 Mathematics, 20, 224, 225, 226 Mathilda, Empress, 47 Medicine, 221 Mellitus, Bishop, 17 Mendicant Orders, 170, 182 et seq. Mercers’ Gild, 125, 154 Merchant Gilds, 52, 145, 146, 151 Merchant Taylors, 230 Merton College, 193, 203, 204, 221, 223 Metaphysics, 224 Methodist Revival, 149 Mettingham, 207 Middle Class, Rise of, 131 Mildenhall Manor, 105 Monachism, 5, 6, 55 Monasteries, 3, 4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 24, 25, 42, 55 et seq., 170 et seq., 193, 194, 195, 202, 204, 236 More, Sir Thomas, 122, 238 Moral Sciences, 21, 224 Morton, Cardinal, 122 Municipal Authority, Development of, 52, 151, 208 Music, 19, 20, 43, 71, 72, 133, 178 Naples, University of, 136 Nations, 141 Natural Philosophy, 224 Neckham, Alexander, 221, 222 Neckham, Robert, 61, 78, 221, 222 New College, 210 New Testament, 6 Newark, 86, 108, 111 Newcastle-on-Tyne, 186 Newland School, 68, 114, 161, 167, 168 Newman, Cardinal, 1 Nicholas Breakspear, 16 Nicholas, St., Hospital of, 192 Nominalist, 134 Norfolk Gilds, 145 Norman Conquest, 48 et seq., 56, 57, 76, 127, 128 North Wroxall Chantry, 168 Northallerton, 73, 164 Northampton, 86 Norton Chantry, 168 Norwich, 107, 144, 175, 186, 190 Notre Dame Schools, 135 Novices, Schools for, 105, 116, 170, 174, 177, 178, 204 Nutt Money, 113 Oakley, Bucks, 41 Oblates, Schools for, 204 Odiham School, 164, 165 Odo, Archbishop, 39, 117 Offa, King, 19, 30 Optics, 224 Orderic Vitalis, 62 Origen, 23 Orosius, 26, 133 Oseney Abbey, 138 Oswald, St., 3, 34 et seq. Ottery St. Mary, 206 Oxford, 137 et seq., 146, 179 et seq., 184, 186, 193, 196, 203, 222, 224, 226, 227, 228 Pachomius, 6 Pages, 120 Palace Schools, 28, 29, 33 Palmers’ Gild, 150 Pantaenus, 22 Paris, 24, 27, 78, 135, 138, 146, 202, 203, 218, 220, 221, 222, 224 Parish Schools, 25, 29, 30, 38, 39, 40 et seq., 107, 108 Parlour Boarder, 195 Partney School, 86 Paston Letters, 162 Patrick, St., 34 Paul, Abbot, 57, 59 Peckham, Archbishop, 107, 187 Penrhyn, 206 Percival, Sir John, 125 Pershore, 40 Peter Helias, 219 Peterhouse, Cambridge, 204 Peter’s, St., School, Cornhill, 96 Philosophy, 227, 228 Piers Plowman, 189 Plesby, 208 Plymouth School, 154 Poitiers School, 24 Political Ideas of Church in Middle Ages, 44, 45 Polesworth Nunnery, 176 Polychronicon, 65 Pontefract, 85, 192 Potation Money, 113 Poverty of Scholars, 197-199, 201, 220 Praemunire, 236 Primer, 228 Priscian, 35, 66, 71, 133, 228 Prittlewell School, 164 Provisors, 236 Psalter, 6, 74, 75, 217, 228 Public School, 69 et seq., 122, 188 et seq., 195, 198 Public School Commission, 67 Pullen, Robert, 137, 220 Putta, Bishop, 72 Quadrivium, 28, 36, 133, 219 Questiones Grammaticales, 36 Raleigh, Bishop, 140 Raleigh School, 151 Ramsey Abbey, 36 Raveningham, 207 Read, Sir Bartholomew, 125, 155 Reading, 73 Reading School, 20, 73, 85, 171, 174 Realists, 134 Reformation, 215, 242, 244 Remuneration of Schoolmasters, 111 et seq. Renaissance, 244 Revival of learning, 59, 118 Rewley, 180 Rhetores, School of, 20 Rhetoric, 7, 133, 219 Richard II., King, 152 Richard of Middleton, 187 Ripon, 38 Rites of Durham, 173, 174, 177 Robert of Melun, 218 Roger Bacon, 87, 224-227 Roger, Earl of Warwick, 95 Roger, Thorold, 162 Roger of Wendover, 62 Roman Law, 26, 45, 133, 137, 138 Roman Uncials, 74 Roscellinus, 134 Rotherham, 72, 91, 94, 168, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 231 Royal Commission into University Education in Wales, 72 Rushworth School, 175 St. Albans School, 65, 221 St. Andrew’s, Holborn, School, 96 St. Anthony, London, 96 St. Augustine, 3, 12, 17 St. Augustine of Hippo, 18, 20, 23, 24, 26 St. Basil of Caesarea, 7 St. Benedict, 9 St. Jerome, 12 St. Paul’s School, 17, 80, 81, 90, 96, 99, 111, 167, 172 St. Vandrille School, 24 Salerno Medical School, 136 Salisbury Gilds, 146 Salisbury, John of, 65, 128, 217-220, 222 Salisbury School, 115, 172 Samson, Abbot, 41, 61, 78, 87, 89, 114 Scholasticism, 132, 134, 135 Scholasticus, 80 School Books, 13 et seq. School Fees, 69 School Houses first erected, 88 Schools of Theology, 78 et seq. Sciences, Common, 224 Scola Grammatice, 65 Scot, Church, 40 Scriptorium, 10, 12 Scripture, 19, 39 et seq. Secular Clergy, 18 et seq., 55, 76 et seq. Sens, Council of, 135 Sentences, 224 Seven Liberal Arts, 66, 216 Sevenoaks School, 126 Shermen Gild, 154 Shoemakers’ Gild, 154 Shrewsbury School, 67, 68, 154 Sidonius Apollinaris, Bishop, 23 Sigebert, 24, 64 Simeon of Durham, 62 Simon de Gorham, 59 Simon of Poissy, 220 Singing, 10 et seq., 121 Social Consciousness, 167, 168, 214 Song School, 71 et seq., 166 Southampton Gilds, 146 Southwell School, 86, 88, 108, 223 Spiritual Power, Dogma of, 47 Stamford College, 167 Staphorst Gilds, 144 Stapleton, Bishop of, 79, 192 State and Church, 1, 2, 49, 76 et seq. Staunton School, 164, 165 Stockport School, 155 Stratford-on-Avon Gilds, 154 Studium, 136, 185, 186 Sullington School, 168 Tabenna, 6 Tailors’ Gild, 154 Tattershall, 211 Taxatio of Pope Nicholas, 157 Teaching Profession, Recognition of the, 82 Temporal Power, Dogma of, 47 Tenure of Schoolmasters, 110 et seq. Tewkesbury, 234 Thaxted School, 164 Theobald, Archbishop, 216 Theobald of Etampes, 88, 137 Theodore, Archbishop, 2, 16, 25, 64 Theodulf of Orleans, 30, 38, 86 Theological Schools, 78 et seq., 142, 220, 221, 223, 228, 241 Thetford, 85, 105, 171, 186 Thirsk School, 164 Thomas à Becket, 1, 7, 138, 216, 221, 222 Thomas, Archbishop, 79 Thomas of Brompton, 100 Thornton School, 168 Thurstan, Abbot, 57 Tonge, 209 Toulouse, University of, 136 Tours, Council of, 29 Towcester, 161 Trades in School Curriculum, 7 Transcription of Manuscripts, 8, 9 Trevisa, John, 65, 128 Trinity College, Oxford, 180 Trinity Gild, 151 Trivium, 28, 36, 133 Truro School, 164, 166 Twineham, Christ Church, 61 Universities, 124, 132 et seq., 170, 179 et seq., 188, 203, 222, Book III. Chap. VII. University and Church, 139 et seq. Utrecht, 42 Vacarius, 137 Vaison, Council of, 86 Valor Ecclesiasticus, 137 Vienne School, 18, 24 Villeins, 50, 117 Virtue, 234 Walchelin of Derby, 192 Waltham Abbey School, 42, 61, 85, 105 Warham, Archbishop, 179 Warin, 61 Warwick Gild, 154 Warwick School, 43, 71, 72, 85, 86, 95, 102, 154 Water, Abbot, 57 Waynflete, William, 111, 126, 237 Wearmouth, 11 et seq. Weavers’ Gild, 147, 154 Wells School, 115 Wendover, Roger, 62 Westminster Abbey, 40 Westminster, Council of, 87 Westminster School, 174, 177, 181 Whitby Abbey, 12 Whitington, 230 Wilfrid, 12, 15, 16 William II., King, 56 William of Champeaux, 134, 135 William of Condres, 218 William of Malmesbury, 56, 62 William of Occam, 134, 187 Winchcombe, 105 Winchester Nunnery, 176 Winchester School, 91, 168, 174, 188, 193, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 210, 228, 230 Windham, 237 Wisbech, 152, 153, 234 Wolsey, Cardinal, 122 Woodwork in curriculum, 7 Woolrichston Manor, 51 Wotton-under-Edge School, 110, 168, 207 Worcester College, Oxford, 181 Worcester Gild, 153, 154 Worcester School, 174 Wragley School, 163, 165 Writing, 9, 11, 20, 74 et seq., 211, 231 Wulfstan, 36 Wycliffe, 239, 240 Wye College, 211 Wykeham, William of, 111, 126, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 196, 199, 200, 210, 235 Wymborne School, 161 Yarmouth, 237 York, 12, 26, 27 et seq., 79, 86, 91, 151, 152, 172, 174
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Footnotes:
[1] English Grammar Schools, p. 10.
[2] Constit. Hist., p. 563.
[3] Montalembert: Monks of the West, I., 178.
[4] Green: Short History, Ch. I., sec. 3.
[5] Montalembert, op. cit. I., 23.
[6] Cf. Draper: Intellectual Development of Europe.
[7] Cf. Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire.
[8] Regula S. Pachomii, cap. 139, 140.
[9] Regulae Fusius Tractatae, XV. Interrog. (Pat. Lat., v. 31, col. 952).
[10] Regulae Brevius Tractatae, Interrog. CCXCII.
[11] Regulae Brevius Tractatae, XXXVIII.
[12] Italy and Her Invaders, IV., 391.
[13] Chapter XLVIII.
[14] Etudes Monastiques, p. 18.
[15] H. E., V., 24.
[16] Haddon and Stubbs: Councils and Documents relating to Britain and Ireland, Vol. III, pp. 364-5.
[17] H. E., III., 27.
[18] H. E., III., 27.
[19] Sandys: History of Classical Scholarship, I., 52.
[20] “Eum innumerabilem librorum omnis generis copiam apportasse.”
[21] Alcuin. Ep., 13.
[22] H. E., V., 15.
[23] Monks of the West, IV., 464.
[24] H. E., V., 24.
[25] H. E., IV., 18.
[26] Sandys: History of Classical Scholarship, I., p. 53.
[27] Cf. Traill: Social England, I., p. 177. Bede: H. E., II., 20: III., 11.
[28] H. E., IV., 13.
[29] Smith and Wace: Dictionary of Christian Biography.
[30] H. E., IV., 13.
[31] Bede: Hist. Abb., V., cf. H. E., III., 4.
[32] Hist. Abb., V.
[33] Hist. Abb., V.
[34] H. E., IV., 13.
[35] Cf. “homo XIII. annorum sese potest servum facere” Theod. Penit. XIX., sec. 29.
[36] H. E., V., 5.
[37] H. E., IV., 13.
[38] H. E., III., 27.
[39] H. E., III., 5.
[40] H. E., III., 28.
[41] Aelfric, Homilies, vol. I., p. 261.
[42] H. E., V., 3.
[43] Hunt: Hist. of the Eng. Ch., p. 239.
[44] Cf. Medley, Constitutional History, p. 557.
[45] Op. cit., p. 13.
[46] Dill: Last Century of the Western Empire, p. 67.
[47] Erasmus, p. 73.
[48] Hodgson: Primitive Christian Education, p. 103.
[49] Jerome: Lives of Illustrious Men, Ch. VIII.
[50] Eusebius: H. E., VI., pp. 3, 26.
[51] Jerome: Lives of Illustrious Men, Ch. XXVIII.
[52] Sermo CCCLV., sec. 2, 6, 7.
[53] Vita S. Augustini, c. 11.
[54] Theiner: Histoire des Institutions d’Education Ecclesiastique, v. 1, pp. 103-117.
[55] Bede, H. E., III., 18.
[56] Cf. Fischer de Chevrier: Histoire de l’Instruction Populaire en France, Ch. IV.; Mullinger: University of Cambridge, p. 11; Ampere: Histoire Littéraire de la France avant le Douzième Siècle, II., 278; Joly: Traité Historique des Ecoles Episcopales et Ecclésiastiques, pp. 144-599.
[57] I.e. the clergy of the Bishop of Hexham.
[58] H. E., V., 6.
[59] H. E., IV., 2.
[60] Mignet: Memoire sur la conversion de l’Allemagne par les Moines, p. 25.
[61] Sandys: History of Classical Scholarship, I., 451.
[62] H. E., V., 18.
[63] Aldhelmi Opera, ed. Giles, p. 96.
[64] De Pontiff. Ebor., lines 1431-1447, trans. by Munroe.
[65] Schs. of Charles the Great, p. 61.
[66] For capitulary of 787 and 789, see Pertz: Leges, I., pp. 52, 65; for that of 802, Pertz, I., 107; for translation see Schools of Charles the Great, pp. 97-99.
[67] Mullinger: op. cit., p. 50.
[68] Alcuini Opera Omnia; Migne, Pat. Lat., Vols. C., CI.
[69] Alcuini Epistolae, Migne, Pat. Lat., 1851, Vol. C., p. 222.
[70] Heinemann: Statutes of 852, XI. Acts of the Province of Rheims, I., p. 211. Azarias: Essays Educational, p. 180.
[71] Mansi: Concilia, vol. IX., p. 790.
[72] Migne: Pat. Lat., vol. CV., p. 196.
[73] Alcuini Epistolae, ed. Migne, Pat. Lat., vol. C., p. 214.
[74] Social England, I., p. 141.
[75] Asserius, de Rebus Gestis Alfredi, ed. W. H. Stevenson, 1904.
[76] Stubbs: Memorials of St. Dunstan, p. 290; Chronicon Abbatiae Rameseiensis, p. 25.
[77] Aelfrici Grammatica Latino-Saxonica, p. 2.
[78] Stubbs, op. cit., pp. 10, 74, 256.
[79] Op. cit., p. 257.
[80] Op. cit., p. 4.
[81] Op. cit., p. 14.
[82] Op. cit., p. LXXXV.
[83] Wulfstan: Vita St. Aethelwoldi, Migne: Patrologia Cursus Complexus, CXXXVII., p. 87.
[84] Stubbs, Memorials, p. 214.
[85] Op. cit., p. 28, 46.
[86] Aelfric, op. cit., p. 1.
[87] Stubbs, op. cit., p. 101; Chron. Mon. de Abingdon, I., p. 129.
[88] Chron. Abbat. Ram., p. 42.
[89] Vita Sancti Abbonis, Migne, Pat. Cur. Com., CXXXIX., p. 390.
[90] Chron. Abb. Ram., p. XXVII.
[91] Stubbs, op. cit., XVIII, XIX.
[92] Stubbs, op. cit., pp. 28, 46.
[93] Op. cit., p. 261.
[94] Wulfstan, pp. 91, 95.
[95] See below, p. 38.
[96] Chron. Abb. Ram., pp. 112, 113.
[97] C. 940-1006.
[98] Ed. Ch., p. 39.
[99] Ed. Ch., p. 43.
[100] P. 30.
[101] Ancient Laws, p. 396.
[102] Hist. Ch. York, I., p. 404.
[103] Chron. Abb. Ram., p. 21.
[104] English Society in the Eleventh Century, p. 373.
[105] Op. cit., p. 143.
[106] D. d. I., f. 68, Ellis, I., 332.
[107] I., f. 1546, Ellis, I., 304.
[108] I., f. 149, Ellis, I., 267. See also Times’ Educational Supplement, 10th Oct., 1918.
[109] Hermanus: De Miraculis Sancti Eadmundi, sec. 16 in Mem. of St. Edmund’s Abbey (R. S.) p. 46.
[110] “Publicas instituens scholas.”
[111] Memorials of St. Edmund’s Abbey, p. 126.
[112] 1060. See Tractatus de inventione Sante Crucis, ed. W. Stubbs, 1861.
[113] Ibid., p. 15. These customs were probably due to the influence of the reforms instituted by Chrodegang of Metz. We may assume that the Godwin family supported the secular clergy in opposition to the regular clergy who followed Edward the Confessor from Normandy.
[114] Ibid., p. 35.
[115] Ibid., p. 35.
[116] Adams: Civilisation in the Middle Ages, p. 197.
[117] Traill: Social England, I., p. 257.
[118] Traill, op. cit., I., p. 243.
[119] Advocated by Kemble in his Saxons in England.
[120] Econ. Hist., I., p. 20.
[121] Thorold Rogers: Agriculture and Prices in England, vol. II., pp. 613, 615, 616.
[122] Ashley, I., p. 42.
[123] Ibid., p. 34.
[124] Meredith: Econ. Hist., p. 49.
[125] Cf. Leach: English Schools at the Reformation. Holman: English National Education.
[126] Winchester College, p. 92.
[127] See Book III., Ch. I.
[128] See p. 37.
[129] De Gestis Regum Anglorum, II., 304.
[130] Böhmer: Kirche und Staat in England und in der Normandie, p. 113, n. 1.
[131] Ibid., p. 107.
[132] See Bateson: Medieval England, Ch. IV.
[133] Böhmer: Op. cit., pp. 3-24.
[134] Cf. Pignet: Histoire de l’Ordre de Cluny, III., p. 41. Maitland: The Dark Ages, pp. 375, 389, 390.
[135] Cf. D’Achery, Spicilegium, IV., 4-226.
[136] Cf. Constitutiones Lanfranci.
[137] Cf. Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani, I., p. 52.
[138] Wm. of Malmesbury, De Gestis Pontificum, p. 249.
[139] Martini et Durand: Thesaurus Anecdotorum, I., 511; quoted Graham, Trans. Hist. Soc., XVII.
[140] Gesta S. Albani, I., p. 57.
[141] Ibid., pp. 76, 184, 192.
[142] De Gestis Pontificum, p. 431.
[143] Ibid., p. 194.
[144] Ibid., p. 32.
[145] Chron. Mon. de Abingdon, II., 44, 289. See also Hist. Intro. Rolls Series, ed. Stubbs, p. 43; Rashdall, Universities, II., p. 476; J. Willis Clark, The Care of Books, p. 74; De Gestis Regum, I., pp. xx-xxii.
[146] The case for the non-existence of schools in connection with monasteries is effectively set out by Mr. G. G. Coulton in his Monastic Schools of the Middle Ages.
[147] See Lanfranc, Opera, ed. Giles, I., 296. Cf. L’Abbaye du Bec et ses Ecoles par M. L’Abbé Porrée.
[148] Migne, Patrologia Cursus Completus, CLXXXIX., 1051.
[149] Coulton, op. cit., p. 3.
[150] Gesta S. Albani, I., 73.
[151] Ibid., I., 196.
[152] Mem. St. Edmund’s Abbey, I., 77, 78, 145.
[153] Ibid., p. 296.
[154] Ibid., p. 249.
[155] Cf. Mem. St. Edmund’s, III., 182.
[156] See pp. 85, 86, 105, infra.
[157] Foundation of Waltham Abbey, pp. 15, 35.
[158] Monasticon, VI., pt. I., p. 79.
[159] Ibid., VI., pt. II., p. 615.
[160] Ibid., VI., pt. I., pp. 304, 305.
[161] Abbot of S. Albans, 1183-1195.
[162] Gesta S. Albani, I., p. 194.
[163] 1195-1214.
[164] Ibid., p. 217.
[165] Mem. S. Edmund’s Abbey, XLIII.
[166] H. E., III., 18.
[167] Early English Church History, p. 125.
[168] Foster Watson: Old Grammar Schools, p. 2.
[169] Op. cit., p. 2.
[170] Op. cit., pp. 58, 59.
[171] In the Cyclopaedia of Education Mr. Leach points out that there are three passages in Livy alone (XXX., 17; XXXV., 23; XLI., 6) in which “libera” is used in the sense of free from payment.
[172] Report of Schools’ Inquiry Commission, pp. 122, 123.
[173] Art. “Free Schools,” Cyclopaedia of Education.
[174] Cf. “cockpennies.” See p. 113, infra.
[175] Linc. Chapter Act, Bk. A.2.30: Ed. Ch. p. 386.
[176] V. C. H., Notts, II., 216, Ed. Ch. 235, Epis. Reg. York, Romanus, X., 75.
[177] Stat. of the Realm, ed. 1819, IV., pt. II., sec. 8.
[178] Chancery Warrants, Series I., file 1439, Ed. Ch., 412.
[179] Izacke’s MS.: Memorials of the City of Exeter, fo. 178 seq.; reprinted Parry: Founding of Exeter School, pp. 104-112.
[180] Op. cit., p. 66.
[181] Ed. Ch., p. 273.
[182] H. E., IV., 18.
[183] H. E., IV., 12.
[184] Yorkshire Schools, vol. II., p. 116.
[185] Yorkshire Schools, II., 61.
[186] Ibid., p. 62.
[187] Ibid., 87.
[188] Ibid., p. 85. Cf. with the appointments recorded in pp. 62 and 87.
[189] Ibid., p. 87.
[190] E. S. R., II., p. 31.
[191] Ibid., p. 31.
[192] Ibid., p. 34.
[193] C. 700.
[194] Hunt: English Church, p. 202.
[195] Yorkshire Schools, II., 89.
[196] For additional particulars, see article on “Writing” in the Cyclopaedia of Education.
[197] Rashdall, Univ., I., p. 283. Mansi, Concilia, XXII., ch. 228.
[198] Dec. V. it. 5: Ed. Ch., pp. 142-145.
[199] “Quum primum adolescens admodum studiorum causa migrassem in Gallias.” Metal., Bk. II., ch. 10.
[200] Cf. Reg. Pontissera, f. 55; Ed. Ch., p. 232.
[201] 1308-9.
[202] Cutts: Parish Priests, p. 46.
[203] “Erat enim apud nos sub patruo suo amabili et amicabili educatus, et decenter eruditus.” Hist. Ch. of York, II., 124.
[204] For additional references to the Chancellor’s School of Theology at St. Paul’s, see reprint in Archaeol., vol. 62, pt. 1, p. 219 of deeds in St. Paul’s Mun. Box. 21, No. 621 and 865; Gregory’s Chronicle (Camden Soc. N. S. XVII., 1876, ed. J. Gairdner) p. 230: and Register of Bishop Fitz-James, f. 127 b., printed in Sparrow Simpson’s Registrum Statutorum, p. 413.
[205] Ep. Reg. Linc., Rot. Hug. de Wells, III., 101.
[206] Hist. Ch. of York, II., p. 162.
[207] Reprinted in Archaeol., vol. 62, pt. I., p. 211.
[208] Deed reprinted in Archaeol., vol. 62, pt. I., p. 211.
[209] Statutes of the Ch. of York, p. 6; Sparrow Simpson, Registrum Statutorum, p. 413.
[210] Hist. Ch. of York, III., 320; Corpus Juris Canonis, ed. H. L. Richter, Dec. V. tit. 5; Ed. Ch., p. 143.
[211] Mansi: Concilia, I., 415.
[212] Ep. Reg. Lincoln., III., 101.
[213] Dec. V., tit. 5, ch. 2. Ed. Ch., p. 119.
[214] 1159-1181.
[215] Ed. Ch., p. 119.
[216] Ed. Ch., p. 123; see also Rashdall, II., p. 283; Mansi, XXII., c. 228.
[217] Decretal V., tit. 5, cap. IV.
[218] Ed. Ch., p. 145.
[219] Ed. Ch., p. 123, from Decretal V., tit. 5, cap. I.
[220] H. E., III., 18; IV., 1; Hist. Ch. of York, I., p. 390.
[221] Mem. St. Ed. Abbey, I., 46-7.
[222] Tractatus de inventione Crucis, p. 15.
[223] History of Warwick Sch.
[224] Early Yorkshire Schools, II., 1.
[225] P. R. O. Anc. Deeds, 1073, Ed. Ch., p. 69.
[226] V. C. H., Hants, II., 251.
[227] Hist. Ch. of York, I., 281.
[228] Gesta Abbatum Mon. St. Alb., I., 72.
[229] V. C. H., Suffolk, II., 303.
[230] Ed. Ch., p. 93.
[231] Ibid.
[232] V. C. H., Berks, II., 245.
[233] V. C. H., Gloucester, II., 355.
[234] V. C. H., Derby, II., 209.
[235] V. C. H., Beds, II., 152.
[236] V. C. H., Northampton, II., 234.
[237] Ed. Ch., p. 152.
[238] Mem. Southwell Minster, XLI.
[239] Ibid., p. 205.
[240] V. C. H., Notts, II., 216.
[241] V. C. H., Lincs., II., 449.
[242] Archaeol., v. 62, pt. I., p. 211.
[243] Statutes of the Ch. of York, p. 6.
[244] V. C. H., Lincs., II., 423.
[245] Mem. of Beverley Min., p. 292.
[246] Hist. War. Sch., p. 66.
[247] Statutes of the Ch. of York, p. 5.
[248] A.D. 529.
[249] A.D. 797.
[250] A.D., C. 960.
[251] Decret. Greg. IX., Lib. III., tit. 1: Rashdall, Univ. II., p. 601.
[252] Wilkins, Concilia, I., p. 270, Ed. Ch., p. 139. Cf. this with Theodulf’s Capitularies of 797. See p. 30 supra, and Mullinger, Schs. of Charles the Great, p. 130.
[253] Univ. II., p. 602.
[254] Op. cit., ed. Thomas, p. 79.
[255] A.D. 1212-1294.
[256] Opera Inedita, ed. Brewer, p. 398.
[257] Mem. St. Edmund’s Abbey, I., p. 248.
[258] Polycraticus, II., 28, ed. Giles, p. 155.
[259] Oxford Hist. Soc. Collectanea, II., 156.
[260] Op. cit., p. 49.
[261] Chron. Jocelyn de Brakelonde, p. 3.
[262] V. C. H., Derbyshire, II., 213, from Cott. Mss. Titus, C. IX., f. 58.
[263] Beverley Chapter Act Bk. (Surtees Soc.) Vol. I., p. 293.
[264] Reprinted in Archaeol. vol. 62., pt. I., p. 198.
[265] York Chapter Act Bk. I., f. 25 b.
[266] Sparrow Simpson: Registrum Statutorum, pt. V., ch. 8; Brit. Mus., Harl. MSS., 1080.
[267] See Reynold’s Wells, pp. CLXXX-V.
[268] Statutes of the Ch. of York, p. 5.
[269] Registrum Antiquissimum Linc., Chap. Mun. A 2, 26, fol. 10. b. V. C. H., Lincs. I., 424. Similar appointments are recorded in 1427 and 1432. Reg. Antiq. Lincs., fol. 67 b.
[270] Yorkshire Schools, II., p. 110.
[271] Hist. Ch. of York, I., 281.
[272] Dugd. Mon. III., 405.
[273] Early Yorkshire Schools, II., 1.
[274] Hist. Warwick Sch., p. 5, from Chartul. S. Mary’s, Warwick, G. R. Eccl. Misc. Bks. 22.
[275] Cal. Pat., 12 Rich. II., pt. 2, m. 10; Ed. Ch., p. 77.
[276] P. R. O., Cart. antiq. H., No. 18; Ed. Ch., p. 93.
[277] Charter Roll, II., Henry III., pt. 1, m. 27; Ed. Ch., p. 93.
[278] Chancery Warrents, Series 1, file 1439; Ed. Ch., p. 413. Dealing with this grant of a monopoly of school keeping to Eton College, Mr. Leach remarks “The remarkable invasion of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, to which alone the grants and still more the enforcement of the monopoly of endowed schools belonged,” etc. Schs. Med. Eng., p. 259. Mr. Leach is in error here. The grant of the monopoly of school keeping was a civil matter.
[279] Pat., 24, Hen. VI., pt. II., m. 28.
[280] Rot. Parl., V., 137.
[281] Ibid.
[282] Privy Council Register, vol. VI.; Parry, Founding of Exeter School, pp. 101-112.
[283] Supra, p. 96.
[284] V. C. H., Gloucester, II., 315, from Rot. Chart., p. 7.
[285] Registrum Brev., 35.
[286] Quoted by de Montmorency: State Intervention, p. 16.
[287] Ed. Ch., p. 91 from St. Paul’s Mun. Press A., Box 60, No. 48.
[288] Surtees Society, vol. 98. See I., pp. 42, 48, 102, 113, etc.
[289] Op. cit., p. 102.
[290] Epis. Joh. Saresberiensis, ed. Giles, No. 19.
[291] The text of the “Gloucester School Case” is to be found in the Year Book of the eleventh year of Henry IV., p. 47. It is reprinted as an appendix to de Montmorency, State Intervention, pp. 241-242. Mr. de Montmorency would seem to be in error in his interpretation of the decision.
[292] Supra, p. 96.
[293] It is interesting to note here that the maintenance of a monopoly was insisted upon by civic authorities no less than by ecclesiastical persons.
[294] Chapter Act Book, Lincoln, 1406-7. V. C. H., Lincs., II., 426.
[295] Hist. Warwick School, p. 66.
[296] Linc. Chapter Act Bk., A. 2. f. 2; Ed. Ch., p. 237.
[297] Reg. John Whethamstede, II., 305.
[298] Hist. Mon. Glouc., III., 290.
[299] See Rites of Durham, (Surtees Society) p. 81.
[300] Abingdon Obedientaries Accounts, 1375-6; Camden Soc.
[301] Roger Prior’s Reg., V., 261 b.
[302] Statutes of the Abbey of Bury St. Edmunds. B. M. Harl. MSS. 1005, fol. 95.b., Trans., V. C. H. Suffolk. II., 307. For other instances of appointments of schoolmasters by abbots, see Gesta Abbatum Mon. S. Albani, (R. S.) I., p. 72. V. C. H. Lincs., II., 450.
[303] B. M. Landsdowne MS., 375: Ed. Ch., 299. Westminster Abbey Obedientaries Accounts, reprinted Ed. Ch., pp. 306-315.
[304] Cf. Statutes of the Church of York, p. 6.
[305] Yorkshire Schools, I., p. 18 from Acta Capituli, G., c. ii. 70.
[306] Beverley Chapter Act Bk., I., pp. 157, 382; Mem. Southwell Minster, p. 29. The function of the dean and chapter was not simply formal. Mem. Southwell Minster, p. 125.
[307] The appointment of a master of song at a monastery was made by the prior. Cf. Roger Prior’s Reg. V., 261 b.
[308] Statutes of the Ch. of York, p. 5.
[309] Lambeth MSS. Reg. Peckham, f. 38 a., Ed. Ch., p. 233.
[310] Lambeth MSS. Reg. Winchelsea, f. 300. b., Ed. Ch., p. 239. Scholastic patronage in monastic cathedral dioceses was subject to episcopal review. Worc. Epis. Reg. Silvester, fol. 202.
[311] Newcourt, Report II., 86, 87, 88.
[312] Linc. Chapter Act Bk., pp. 2, 24.
[313] See p. 61.
[314] See Chap. IV.
[315] The chancellor of a diocese exercised a considerable amount of scholastic patronage.
[316] Memorials of Southwell Minster, XII.-XLII., 52.
[317] Registrum Brevium, fol. 35. The power of patronage to a school could apparently be delegated. Thus the Bishop of Lincoln granted a licence to the rector of Willeford “to chose a lettered and fit man in the parish to teach the boys and others going to him the said science.” See Linc. Epis. Reg. Gynwell, fol. 135 b. This unusual action was due to the scarcity of schoolmasters after the Black Death.
[318] 1382.
[319] Reg. Ep. Worcester, H. Wakfeld, p. 72. Ed. Ch. pp. 331-341.
[320] See also Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries, III., 241.
[321] Op. cit., A. 2, 24, f. 14.
[322] Early Yorkshire Schools, I., 90.
[323] Ibid., p. 97.
[324] Ibid., p. 23.
[325] Ibid., p. 27.
[326] Ibid., p. 29.
[327] Ibid., p. 67.
[328] Re-founded 1531-2.
[329] In town muniments of Newark; reprinted by T. F. A. Burnaby, Town Clerk, 1855.
[330] But cf. Great Roll of the Pipe (Rec. Com.) pp. 9-10, which suggests customary arrangements.
[331] Decretal V, tit. 5, cap. I.
[332] Wilkins: Concilia I., p. 506.
[333] Decretal V., tit. 5, cap. IV.
[334] Cf. appointment of Principal of St. David’s College, Lampeter.
[335] Who died c. 1191.
[336] See Notes and Queries, 8th series, vol. VII., pp. 338, 473-474; Cyclopaedia of Educ., vol. II., p. 42.
[337] Carlisle: Grammar Schools, II., p. 759.
[338] Ibid., p. 649.
[339] See Trans. Bristol and Glas. Archaeol., Soc. VI.
[340] E. S. R., II., 82.
[341] Ipswich Court Bk. Brit. M. Addit., MS. 30158, fol. 34.
[342] Ibid.
[343] Founded 1520.
[344] Trans. Hist. Soc. Lancs. and Chester, VIII., 51.
[345] V. C. H., Durham, I., 371.
[346] Chron. Jocelyn de Brakelonde, p. 3.
[347] S. M. E., p. 161.
[348] Rashdall, Univ., II., pt. II., p. 765.
[349] Cooper: Annals of Cambridge, I., p. 56.
[350] Reg. Joh. Whethamstede, II., 305.
[351] Cant. Cath. Mun., X., 4, S. B. 4: Ed. Ch., pp. 252-267. The Statutes of Ipswich School (1476-7) state that “The grammar schoolmaster shall henceforth have jurisdiction and governance of all scholars within the liberty and precint of this town, except only petties.” Ipswich Court Bk., B. M., MS. Add. 30158, fol. 34.
[352] P. 39.
[353] Vita S. Thomas, pp. 189, 190, ed. Giles, quoted Furnivall. Forewords, p. 6.
[354] Cornish, Chivalry, p. 24.
[355] Cornish, op. cit., pp. 15, 16.
[356] Liber Niger, p. 45; quoted Forewords, p. 11.
[357] Lacroix; Military and Religious Life in the Middle Ages, pp. 137, 138.
[358] Op. cit., p. 27.
[359] Roper’s Life of More, ed. Singer, p. 3.
[360] Cavendish: Life of Wolsey, ed. Singer, vol. I., p. 38.
[361] Household Book, p. 254.
[362] Liber Niger, p. 51.
[363] Household Bk., Earl of Northumberland, pp. 41, 47, 97, 254.
[364] Forewords, p. 13.
[365] Froude, Hist. V., pp. 39, 40.
[366] Coventry Leet Book, I., 101.
[367] Mrs. Green, Town Life in the Fifteenth Century, II., 18.
[368] Chantry Certif., E. S. R., II., 144.
[369] Mrs. Green, op. cit., II., 16.
[370] Carlisle: Grammar Schools, I., 117.
[371] Schools of Medieval England, p. 246.
[372] Sharpe, Wills, II., 484.
[373] Freemen of York, vol. I., pp. 1, 77, 98—Sur. Soc., No. 96, 1897.
[374] Meredith: Econ. Hist., p. 81.
[375] Historical Papers and Letters from the Northern Registers (R. S.), p. 401.
[376] 36, Ed., III., c. 8.
[377] Muniments of King’s College, Cambridge: Ed. Ch., p. 402.
[378] Op. cit., II., 157.
[379] Rot. Parl., II., p. 246.
[380] Ibid., V., p. 274.
[381] Abram: Social Life in England, Ch. 1.
[382] Green: Life in an Old English Town, p. 278.
[383] Abram: Social England, p. 13.
[384] Rot. Parl., III., 501.
[385] Ibid., III., 601-2, V., 113.
[386] Abram, op. cit., p. 30.
[387] Abram, op. cit., p. 96.
[388] Manners and Meals, p. 189.
[389] The subject of the origin and development of the English universities has been so fully treated by other writers, notably by Mr. Bass Mullinger and Dr. Hastings Rashdall, that it has only been dealt with here to the extent strictly necessary for the thesis with which we are concerned.
[390] Grammar, Rhetoric, Dialectic.
[391] Music, Arithmetic, Geometry, and Astronomy.
[392] Rashdall, Univ., I., p. 36.
[393] Ibid., p. 39.
[394] Ibid., p. 42.
[395] Rashdall, Univ., II., p. 60.
[396] Rashdall, Univ., I., p. 10.
[397] Ibid., p. 72.
[398] Oxford Historical Society: Collectanea, II., p. 153.
[399] Ibid., p. 105.
[400] Ibid., p. 156.
[401] Ibid., p. 159.
[402] Rob. de Monte, Chron. ed. Migne, Vol. CLX., p. 466.
[403] Gervasius Cantuar., Actus Pontificum Cant., ed. Stubbs, Vol. II., p. 384.
[404] Giraldus Cambrensis: ed. Brewer, Vol. I., pp. 72, 73.
[405] Mullinger, pp. 80, 81, Brodrick, p. 3, Laurie, p. 236.
[406] Materials for the Life of Becket, ed. Robertson, VII., p. 146.
[407] Rashdall, Univ., vol. II., p. 342.
[408] Munimenta Academica (R. S.), I., 2.
[409] See Rashdall, Univ., II., 419-421.
[410] Munimenta Academica: I., 39, 40.
[411] Rashdall, Univ., II., 424.
[412] Munimenta Academica (R. S.), I., 228, 229.
[413] Chron: Roger of Wendover (R. S.), II., p. 51.
[414] See also Munimenta Academica, pp. 1-4.
[415] Cal. Close Rolls, 15 Hen. III., p. 586; Ed. Ch., p. 149.
[416] Cooper: Annals of Cambridge, I., 56.
[417] Mullinger, 288, 290; Rashdall, II., 549, 550.
[418] Toulmin Smith: English Guilds, p. XIV.
[419] Dates from the eleventh century.
[420] English Guilds, p. lxxxi.
[421] Ibid., p. lxxxiii.
[422] Two Thousand Years of Gild Life, p. 106.
[423] Hartshorn: Study of Voluntary Associations in Europe, 1100-1700, p. 12.
[424] Ashley: Econ. Hist., I., p. 70.
[425] Gasquet: Précis des Institutions de l’Ancienne France, II., 233-243.
[426] Gross, Gild Merchant, p. 32. n. 1.
[427] Ibid., pp. 37 seq.
[428] Ashley, Econ. Hist. I., p. 72.
[429] Ibid., p. 79.
[430] Ibid., p. 80.
[431] Ibid., p. 81.
[432] Bristol Little Red Book, fol. 82-3. Ed. by W. B. Bickley for the Corporation of Bristol.
[433] Toulmin Smith, op. cit., p. 280.
[434] T. Smith, op. cit., p. 198.
[435] Maldon Court Rolls, Dr. Andrew Clark in Essex Rev. XV., p. 146.
[436] Gild Certif., 57.
[437] Other instances are Prittlewell, Cal. of Pat. 1476-85, p. 34; Thaxted, ibid., p. 227; Finchingley, Chantry Certif., XIX., 13; XX., 19; XXX., 17. The connection of a grammar school at Ipswich with the Corpus Christi Gild is shown by the Ipswich Court Bk., Brit. Mus. Ad. MS., 30158 fol. 34; at Winchester with the Corpus Christi Gild, Brit. Mus. Ad. MS. 24435 fol. 153 b.; at Louth with St. Mary’s Gild, Church-wardens’ Accounts of the Parish Church, 1533 in R. W. Goulding’s Court Rolls of the Manor of Louth. The gild of the Blessed Mary founded a school at Wellingborough in 1392 (Pat. 16, R. II., pt. ii., m. 29, 30). See also p. 161 infra.; gilds and chantries are so closely connected that it is difficult to draw a definite line of demarcation in some cases.
[438] E. S. R., II., 283, 284.
[439] E. S. R., II., pp. 20-22.
[440] Toulmin Smith, English Gilds, p. 221.
[441] Ibid., pp. 203-205; E. S. R., 267-268.
[442] Hist. of Warwick Sch., p. 95.
[443] Coventry Leet Book, I., 101.
[444] Redstone, Trans. Royal Hist. Soc., N. S., XVI., p. 166.
[445] Hist. MS., Com. X., App. IV., 425; Ed. Ch., 439.
[446] Carlisle: Endowed Gr. Schs., I., 335.
[447] E. S. R., II., 180-184.
[448] P. C. C., 34 Luffenham, p. 269.
[449] Copy of will in Duchy of Lancaster Misc. Bks., 25 fol. 19.
[450] E. S. R., II., 144.
[451] E. S. R., II., 144.
[452] E.g. Douze Gild, Feste du Pin.
[453] Toulmin Smith: English Gilds, p. 115.
[454] Ibid., p. 155.
[455] Ibid., p. 160.
[456] Ibid., p. 226. For other instances see pp. 179, 194, 287, and Hartshorn, op. cit., p. 15.
[457] Cf. Page, Yorkshire Chantries, Surtees Society.
[458] See also Liber Vitae of Durham, Surtees Society.
[459] E. S. R., I., 53.
[460] See V. C. H., Durham, I., p. 371.
[461] E. S. R., II., 60.
[462] Ibid., p. 65.
[463] Stat. of the Realm, IV., pt. I., p. 24.
[464] Eng. Schs. at Ref., p. 91.
[465] E. S. R., II., 56.
[466] Chant. Certif. XXI., No. 24, Trans. Bristol and Glouc. Archael. Soc. VI.
[467] Chantry Certif., No. 36. This chantry was founded by Letters Patent. (Pat. 27, Henry VI., pt. I, m. 27). Further Letters Patent were granted in 1451. (P. C. C. Luffenham, p. 278). The chantry patent does not say anything about the school. See also E. S. R., II., 146.
[468] Bk. III., Ch. 1.
[469] Paston Letters, V., 21.
[470] Work and Wages, p. 165.
[471] Paston Letters, IV., 237-44; Abram: Social Life in England, p. 189.
[472] E. S. R., II., p. 89.
[473] Yorkshire Schools, II., pp. 60, 61.
[474] E. S. R., II., p. 286.
[475] E. S. R., p. 228.
[476] S. M. E., p. 177.
[477] E. S. R., II., p. 123.
[478] E. S. R., II., p. 297.
[479] E. S. R., II., p. 201.
[480] E. S. R., II., p. 160.
[481] E. S. R., II., p. 302.
[482] E. S. R., II., p. 89.
[483] E. S. R., II., p. 100.
[484] E. S. R., II., p. 297.
[485] E. S. R., II., p. 39.
[486] Cf. Leach, E. S. R., I., p. 91.
[487] E. S. R., I., pp. 91, 92.
[488] E. S. R., II., p. 31.
[489] E. S. R., II., p. 317.
[490] E. S. R., II., p. 34.
[491] E. S. R., II., p. 78.
[492] E. S. R., II., p. 317.
[493] E. S. R., II., p. 47.
[494] E. S. R., II., p. 15.
[495] E. S. R., II., p. 152.
[496] E. S. R., II., p. 258.
[497] E. S. R., II., p. 320.
[498] Wilkins, Concilia, III., p. 722; Ed. Ch., pp. 444-6.
[499] Wilkins, Concilia, IV., p. 3.
[500] Statutes of the Realm, IV., pt. 1, p. 24.
[501] Cf. Coulton: Monastic Schools of the Middle Ages. Leach: “Monasteries and Education” in Cyclopaedia of Education.
[502] Gesta Abbatum Mon. S. Albani, I., p. 72.
[503] V. C. H., Hants., II., p. 251.
[504] V. C. H., Suffolk, II., p. 303.
[505] P. R. O., antiq. H., No. 8.
[506] Charter Roll, 2 Henry III., pt. 1, m. 27.
[507] V. C. H., Berks., II., p. 245.
[508] Rot. Chart., p. 7.
[509] V. C. H., Derbyshire, II., p. 209.
[510] V. C. H., Bedfordshire, II., p. 152.
[511] V. C. H., Lincs., II., p. 450.
[512] Statutes of the Abbey of Bury St. Edmunds, Harl. MSS. 1005, fol. 95 b. The list of schools in connection with monasteries does not profess to be exhaustive.
[513] V. C. H., Sussex, p. 413.
[514] Exch. K. R. Misc. Bks. (P. R. O.), fol. 21, 168, 178, 180. V. C. H., Wars, II., p. 319.
[515] See Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries, III., p. 241.
[516] Chant. Certif., 42, No. 172.
[517] Sparrow Simpson, Registrum Statutorum, pt. VIII., ch. 6.
[518] Ed. Ch., p. xxxii.
[519] Reg. Whethamstede, (R. S.), II., 315, trans. Gibbs: Hist. Rec. of St. Albans.
[520] B. M. Landsdowne, MS., 375, see V. C. H., Herts., II., p. 315.
[521] Surtees Society publication, p. 91.
[522] Op. cit., V., pp. 302-3.
[523] Hist. Mon. Glouc., III., p. 290.
[524] Lit. Cantuar (R. S. 85), II., p. 464.
[525] B. M. Add. Chart., 19641, V. C. H., Berks., p. 243.
[526] Journal of Educ., Jan. 1905. Ed. Ch., p. 306.
[527] S. M. E., p. 220.
[528] Ibid., p. 221.
[529] Ibid., p. 221.
[530] Early Yorkshire Schools, I., p. 31.
[531] Sharpe: Hist. and Antiq. Coventry, p. 154 n.
[532] Valor. Eccl. (R. C.), III., p. 51. Among the remaining almonry schools were those of Sherborne Abbey, Thornton, Ixworth, Norwich, Ely, Evesham, Furness, Bristol, Tewkesbury, Winchcombe, and Winchester.
[533] S. M. E., p. 218.
[534] Mon. Schs. in Mid. Ages. Contemp. Rev., June 1913. Appendix. As to the number of children in the almonry schools, we may note that there were only three boys at St. Swithun’s in 1381-2, five in 1400-1, eight in 1469-70, and none at all in 1484-5. Compotus Rolls ... of St. Swithun’s, 204 n. See also Abram: English Life and Manners, p. 207. Leach considers that the total number of boys educated in the almonry schools was 1,000. S. M. E., p. 230.
[535] Letters and Papers of Henry VIII., ed. Gairdner, Vol. XII., p. 405. Coulton, Monastic Schools, Contemp. Rev., June 1913.
[536] Dugd. Mon., II., p. 363.
[537] Ibid., II., p. 457.
[538] Ibid., IV., p. 69.
[539] Coulton, Mon. Sch., p. 7.
[540] V. C. H., Beds., I., p. 356.
[541] Social Life, p. 216. See also Early Chanc. Proceed., 44/227.
[542] Downside Rev., Vol. X., p. 31, seq.
[543] The Old English Bible and other Essays, p. 227.
[544] Surtees Society, 107, ed. Canon Fowler, p. 91.
[545] Hist. Mon. Glouc., I., 53.
[546] Ibid.
[547] B. M. Cott. Faust., VI. (Durham Priory Register): Ed. Ch., p. 290.
[548] Ibid.
[549] Roger Prior’s Reg., V., 261 b.
[550] “Non habeant ludimagistrum.”
[551] Visitations of Dioc. of Norwich (Camd. Soc.) 1888, ed. Jessop, pp. 137, 221.
[552] Brit. Mus. MSS., Arundel, f. 69, Ed. Ch., p. 445.
[553] Ibid.
[554] Worcester College, by C. H. Daniel and W. R. Barker, p. 3.
[555] Chron. Petroburgense (Camd. Soc., 1849), p. 31, Ed. Ch., p. 197.
[556] Worc. Epis. Reg. Giffard, fol. 206, Ed. Ch., p. 199.
[557] Worc. Ep. Reg. Giffard, f. 429, Ed. Ch., 198.
[558] Some Durham College Rolls (Oxon. Hist. Soc., 1896); Collectanea, III., 7.
[559] Rashdall, Univ., II., p. 498.
[560] Ibid., p. 499.
[561] Ibid., pp. 478-480.
[562] Hist. Mon. Glouc. (R. S.), I., 34.
[563] Op. cit., p. 26.
[564] V. C. H., Glouc., II., p. 341.
[565] Worcester Coll., p. 27.
[566] B. M. Cott. Faust., VI. (Durham Priory Reg.), Ed. Ch., p. 293.
[567] Brit. Mus. MS. Harl., 1498. Ed. Ch., p. 440.
[568] Ibid.
[569] Rashdall: Univ. II., p. 480.
[570] Ibid.
[571] Jessop: Coming of the Friars, p. 21.
[572] Ibid., p. 22.
[573] See Denifle: Constitutiones des Predeger—Ordene vom Jahre, 1228—in Archiv. fur Litt. und Kirchenges des Mittelalters, 1885, p. 194.
[574] Rashdall: Univ., vol. I., p. 348.
[575] Cyclopaedia of Educ., Art. Franciscans.
[576] Trans. Roy. Hist. Soc., VIII., N. S. May, 1894.
[577] Little: Op. cit., p. 49.
[578] Acta Selecta Capitulorum Generalium Ord. Praed., ed. Martene and Durand, IV., pp. 1899-1900.
[579] Douais: Essai sur l’Organisation des Etudes dans l’Ordre des Frères Precheurs en Provence et Toulouse, p. 53. Little points out that “philosophy is generally equivalent to arts, and is sometimes applied to natural philosophy. So one may take ‘naturalium et artium’ as interpretative of ‘philosophie,’” op. cit., p. 50.
[580] Constitutiones antique ordinis Predicatorum, ed. Denifle, I., p. 202.
[581] Ibid., I., p. 201.
[582] Little: op. cit., p. 50.
[583] Denifle: op. cit., p. 222.
[584] Douais: op. cit., p. 3.
[585] Little: op. cit., p. 53.
[586] Douais: Op. cit., p. 58.
[587] Little: op. cit., p. 53.
[588] Op. cit., p. 54.
[589] Martene: op. cit., IV., p. 1900.
[590] Op. cit., p. 56.
[591] Denifle: op. cit., pp. 190-1.
[592] Stat. of the Realm, IV., pt. 1, p. 24.
[593] Bk. I., Ch. 1.
[594] Foundation deed, Winchester College in Hist. Winchester Coll., p. 66.
[595] Ibid.
[596] Ibid.
[597] Lyte: Hist. Univ. Oxford, p. 97.
[598] Rashdall, Univ., II., p. 656.
[599] Munimenta Academica, II., p. 684.
[600] Norwich Corporation Records. Session Book of 12th Hen. VIII. Norfolk Archaeol., IV., p. 342.
[601] Univ., II., p. 657.
[602] Quoted in Moberly’s Life of William of Wykeham, p. 108.
[603] Yorkshire Schools, II., p. 4.
[604] Cott. MSS. Titus, c. IX., f. 58; Ed. Ch., p. 110.
[605] Grandisson’s Register, II., p. 666.
[606] Durham Cathedral Muniments, Liber Elemosinarii, fol. 12 r.; Ed. Ch., p. 124.
[607] Sarum Church and Diocese (R. S.), p. 334.
[608] Stat. Coll. Oxon., I.; Ed. Ch., p. 171.
[609] Strictly speaking, Winchester and Eton were examples of the collegiate churches we are describing in the next chapter. In their turn, the collegiate churches of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries were chantries on a large scale.
[610] Rot. Parl., V., 45.
[611] Ibid.
[612] Chancery Warrants, Series I., file 1439: Ed. Ch., p. 413.
[613] Ibid.
[614] Univ. II., p. 500.
[615] Winchester College, pp. 88, 89.
[616] Winchester School, p. 92.
[617] Ibid.
[618] Whiston: Cathedral Trusts, p. 12.
[619] S. M. E., p. 119.
[620] Univ., II., p. 656.
[621] Forewords, XXXI.-XXXVI.
[622] S. M. E., p. 206.
[623] Ibid., p. 207.
[624] Lebeuf: Histoire de la Ville et tout le Diocese de Paris, II., pp. 129, 130.
[625] Walsingham: Ypodigma Neustriae (R. S.), p. 141.
[626] Sarum Ch. and Dioc. (R. S.), p. 334.
[627] Or 1263, Univ., II., p. 481.
[628] Stat. Coll. Oxford, I.; Ed. Ch., p. 171.
[629] Univ., II., p. 482.
[630] Univ., II., p. 485.
[631] Wilkins, Concilia, I., pp. 3, 55 seq.
[632] Statutes, cap. 40; Ed. Ch., p. 185.
[633] Pat. Roll, 9 Edw., I., m. 28; Ed. Ch., p. 224.
[634] Charter Roll, 13 Edw., I., m. 28; Ed. Ch., p. 226.
[635] Ibid.
[636] Ed. Caley, Ellis and Bandinel.
[637] Wharton: Anglia Sacra, I., p. 740.
[638] Mon., VI., p. 1473.
[639] Brit. Mus. Cott. MSS. Faustina, A., VI. f. 104, reprinted in Early Yorkshire Schools, Vol. II., pp. 84-86; Registrum Parvum, f. 11, reprinted Yorkshire Schools, pp. 86-88.
[640] Mon., VI., p. 1344.
[641] E. S. R., II., p. 40.
[642] E. S. R., II., p. 31.
[643] Mon., VI., p. 1346.
[644] E. S. R., II., p. 54.
[645] Mon., VI., p. 1459.
[646] S. M. E., p. 210.
[647] Reg. Ep. Worcester, H. Wakefield, p. 72, Ed. Ch., pp. 330-334.
[648] Ibid.
[649] Ibid.
[650] Ibid.
[651] Pat. 16, Ric. II., p. 1, m. 24.
[652] Reg. principale D. Archiep. Cantuar, fol. 124 a, reprinted Mon., VI., p. 1391.
[653] Mon., VI., p. 1393.
[654] Duchy of Lanc. Cert. of Colleges, No. 4, Chant. Certif. XX., 43.
[655] Reprinted Mon., VI., pp. 1394-1395.
[656] S. M. E., p. 209.
[657] Mon., VI., p. 1375.
[658] Pat. 5, Hen. VI., p. m. 19.
[659] S. M. E., p. 211.
[660] Mon., VI., p. 1401.
[661] Pat. 12, Hen. IV., pars unica, m. 20.
[662] Pat., 3, Hen. V., pt. I, m. 6, reprinted Mon., VI., pp. 1404-1411.
[663] Ibid., p. 1407.
[664] Mon., VI., p. 1415.
[665] MS. in bibl. Cotton, fol. 8, reprinted in Mon., VI., pp. 1417-1423.
[666] See also Chant. Certif., 45, No. 47.
[667] Mon., VI., p. 1411.
[668] Cf. E. S. R., II., pp. 153, 154, 155, 280; P. R. O., Aug. Off. Misc. Bks. 147.
[669] Pat. 10, Hen. V., m. 3, reprinted Mon., VI., pp. 1425-6.
[670] Cp. S. M. E., p. 254.
[671] Mon., VI., p. 716.
[672] Carlisle, Endowed Gr. Schools, II., p. 301.
[673] Mon., VI., p. 1430.
[674] S. M. E., p. 255.
[675] S. M. E., p. 256.
[676] Probably about 1470.
[677] Rot. Parl., V., p. 256; reprinted Yorkshire Schools, II., pp. 89-91.
[678] E. S. R., II., p. 298.
[679] Mon., VI., pp. 1441-1443; Yorkshire Schools, II., pp. 101-141.
[680] Reprinted Yorkshire Schools, II., 109-130, from MS. at Sydney Sussex Coll., Camb.
[681] Ib., pp. 113, 114.
[682] Ib., p. 115.
[683] Ib., p. 116.
[684] Ib., p. 110.
[685] Ibid., p. 116.
[686] p. 210.
[687] Mon., VI., p. 766.
[688] S. M. E., p. 261.
[689] Pat., II., Ed. IV., p. 2., m. 15, Mon., VI., p. 725.
[690] Cf. S. M. E., p. 272.
[691] Canon Law of 1179 and 1215 did not initiate the custom.
[692] See Bk. I., Ch. II.
[693] Grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic.
[694] Geometry, arithmetic, music, and astronomy.
[695] On the general subject, see Abelson, The Seven Liberal Arts, Parker, “The Seven Liberal Arts,” Eng. Hist. Rev., V., pp. 417-461, July 1890; Rashdall, Univ., I., pp. 33-37; West, Alcuin pp. 4-27.
[696] E. S. R., II., p. 56.
[697] E. S. R., II., p. 117.
[698] Bk. II., ch. II.
[699] Polycraticus, II., 28.
[700] Bk. II., ch. X.
[701] “Quum primum adolescens admodum, studiorum causa migrassem in Gallias.”
[702] Metal., I., 24.
[703] Illustrations of Medieval Thought, p. 121.
[704] Johannis Saresberiensis, Opera, ed. Giles, Vol. V., pp. 79, 80.
[705] Metal., II., 10; trans. by Poole.
[706] Gesta. Abb. Mon. S. Albani., I., 72.
[707] Ed. Ch., p. 116.
[708] Life of Thomas à Beckett (R. S.), III., p. 3.
[709] Ibid., p. 14.
[710] For description see Drane: Christian Schools and Scholars, pp. 230-2; Foster Watson, Grammar Schools, pp. 32-37.
[711] Mem. of Southwell Minster, p. 205.
[712] Taylor: Medieval Mind, vol. II., p. 516.
[713] Bacon: Opera Inedita, ed. Brewer, Rolls Series, p. lix.
[714] Ibid., p. 59.
[715] Ibid., p. 398.
[716] Opus Major, par. 1.
[717] See Brewer’s ed., p. 322, seq.
[718] Cf. Taylor, op. cit., vol. II., p. 527.
[719] Opus Tertium, Ch. XXIX., trans. by Taylor.
[720] Opera Inedita, ed. Brewer, p. lix.
[721] Op. cit., p. lxii.
[722] Op. cit., p. lxxv.
[723] Op. cit., p. lxxv.
[724] Opera Inedita, ed. Brewer, pp. 58, 59.
[725] Anstey: Munimenta Academica, I., p. 34.
[726] Chaucer: Canterbury Tales, ed. Skeat, p. 299.
[727] Ibid., p. 421.
[728] Statutes of the Colleges of Oxford, vol. I.; Ed. Ch., pp. 349-373.
[729] Brit. Mus. Add., MS. 30158, f. 34.
[730] I.e. the “Apeseyes.”
[731] Cf. article in Cyclopaedia of Education.
[732] Carlisle: Grammar Schools, I., p. 314.
[733] P. C. C., 8 Maynwaryng.
[734] See Carlisle, op. cit., II., pp. 594-598.
[735] A copy of this time table is reprinted in Leach: Educational Charters, pp. 448-451; see also Archaelogia, XXXIV., p. 37, seq. Foster Watson gives a full account of the projected statutes for Cardinal College, Ipswich (1528) in Old Grammar Schools, pp. 16-18.
[736] For an account of the manuals of Stanbridge, see Foster Watson: English Grammar Schools, pp. 385-386.
[737] Ibid., pp. 238-45.
[738] Among the records of the chantry schools, six are mentioned as teaching writing; see E. S. R., II., pp. 66, 98, 251, 305, 307, 312.
[739] Yorkshire Schools, II., p. 109.
[740] E. S. R., II., p. 21.
[741] E. S. R., II., p. 85.
[742] Cutts: Scenes and Characters in the Middle Ages, p. 200.
[743] Cutts: op. cit., p. 205.
[744] Johnson: Canons, II., p. 421.
[745] Household Book of Henry Algernon, fifth Earl of Northumberland, Antiq. Repertory, IV., p. 242.
[746] Dialogue of Heresies, III., c. 12.
[747] Dunning: Political Ideas, p. 263.
[748] Illustrations of Medieval Thought, p. 305.
[749] Letters of Grosseteste (R. S.), p. 63.
[750] Ibid., p. 68.
[751] Ibid., p. 151.
[752] 2 Hen. IV., c. 15. Stat. of the Realm, II., 127.
[753] Rot. Parl., III., 584.
[754] Johnson: Laws and Canons, II., p. 465. Wilkins: Concilia, III., p. 317.
[755] 2 Hen. V., c. 7.
[756] See p. 129.
[757] Rot. Parl., 12, R. II., c. 5.
[758] Rot. Parl., 15, Ric. II., 39; quoted de Montmorency, State Intervention, p. 27.
[759] Op. cit., pp. 30-32.
[760] See p. 200.
[761] Statutes of the Realm, 7, Henry IV., c. 17.
[762] Pat., 24, Henry VI., pt. ii., m. 28.
[763] Rot. Parl., V., 137.
[764] Bk. II., ch. VI.
Transcriber’s Note:
Punctuation has been corrected and standardized without note.
Inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation have been retained from the original text.
In the list on page 39, the numbers are presented as in the original text.