Introductory material

Disk of Phaestus. A Papyrus Manuscript. A Prehistoric Egyptian Grave. A Hatchet of the Early Stone Age. Arrowheads of the Later Stone Age. Early Roman Bar Money. Various Signs of Symbolic Picture Writing. Mexican Rebus. Chinese Picture Writing and Later Conventional Characters. Cretan Writing. Egyptian and Babylonian Writing. The Moabite Stone (Louvre, Paris). Head of a Girl (Musée S. Germain, Paris). Sketch of Mammoth on a Tusk found in a Cave in France. Bison painted on the Wall of a Cave. Cave Bear drawn on a Pebble. Wild Horse on the Wall of a Cave in Spain. A Dolmen. Carved Menhir. Race Portraiture of the Egyptians. The Great Wall of China. Philae. Top of Monument containing the Code of Hammurabi (British Museum, London). Khufu (Cheops), Builder of the Great Pyramid. Menephtah, the supposed Pharaoh of the Exodus. Head of Mummy of Rameses II (Museum of Gizeh). The Great Pyramid. The Great Sphinx. A Phoenician War Galley. An Assyrian. An Assyrian Relief (British Museum, London). The Ishtar Gate, Babylon. The Tomb of Cyrus the Great. Darius with his Attendants. Rock Sepulchers of the Persian Kings. A Royal Name in Hieroglyphics (Rosetta Stone). An Egyptian Court Scene. Plowing and Sowing in Ancient Egypt. Transport of an Assyrian Colossus. Egyptian weighing Cow Gold. Babylonian Contract Tablet. An Egyptian Scarab. Amenhotep IV. Mummy and Cover of Coffin (U.S. National Museum, Washington). The Judgment of the Dead. The Deluge Tablet (British Museum, London). An Egyptian Temple (Restored). An Egyptian Wooden Statue (Museum of Gizeh). An Assyrian Palace (Restored). An Assyrian Winged Human headed Bull. An Assyrian Hunting Scene (British Museum, London). A Babylonian Map of the World. An Egyptian Scribe (Louvre, Paris). Excavations at Nippur. Excavations at Troy. Lions' Gate, Mycenae. Silver Fragment from Mycenae (National Museum, Athens). A Cretan Girl (Museum of Candia, Crete). Aegean Snake Goddess (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston). A Cretan Cupbearer (Museum of Candia, Crete). The François Vase (Archaeological Museum, Florence). Consulting the Oracle at Delphi. The Discus Thrower (Lancelotti Palace, Rome). Athlete using the Strigil (Vatican Gallery, Rome). "Temple of Neptune," Paestum. Croesus on the Pyre. Persian Archers (Louvre, Paris). Gravestone of Aristion (National Museum, Athens). Greek Soldiers in Arms. The Mound at Marathon. A Themistocles Ostrakon (British Museum, London). An Athenian Trireme (Reconstruction). "Theseum". Pericles (British Museum, London). An Athenian Inscription. The "Mourning Athena" (Acropolis Museum, Athens). A Silver Coin of Syracuse. Philip II. Demosthenes (Vatican Museum, Rome). Alexander (Glyptothek, Munich). The Alexander Mosaic (Naples Museum). A Greek Cameo (Museum, Vienna). The Dying Gaul (Capitoline Museum, Rome). A Graeco-Etruscan Chariot (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). An Etruscan Arch. Characters of the Etruscan Alphabet. An Early Roman Coin. A Roman Farmer's Calendar. Cinerary Urns in Terra Cotta (Vatican Museum, Rome). A Vestal Virgin. Suovetaurilia (Louvre, Paris). An Etruscan Augur. Coop with Sacred Chickens. Curule Chair and Fasces. The Appian Way. A Roman Legionary. A Roman Standard Bearer (Bonn Museum). Column of Duilius (Restored). A Carthaginian or Roman Helmet (British Museum, London). A Testudo. Storming a City (Reconstruction). Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Spada Palace, Rome). Marcus Tullius Cicero (Vatican Museum, Rome). Gaius Julius Caesar (British Museum, London). A Roman Coin with the Head of Julius Caesar. Augustus (Vatican Museum, Rome). Monumentum Ancyranum. Pompeii. Nerva (Vatican Museum, Rome). Column of Trajan. The Pantheon. The Tomb of Hadrian. Marcus Aurelius in his Triumphal Car (Palace of the Conservatori, Rome). Wall of Hadrian in Britain. Roman Baths, at Bath, England. A Roman Freight Ship. A Roman Villa. A Roman Temple. The Amphitheater at Arles. A Megalith at Baalbec The Wall of Rome A Mithraic Monument Modern Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives Madonna and Child Christ the Good Shepherd (Imperial Museum, Constantinople) Interior of the Catacombs The Labarum Arch of Constantine Runic Alphabet A Page of the Gothic Gospels (Reduced) An Athenian School (Royal Museum, Berlin) A Roman School Scene Youth reading a Papyrus Roll House of the Vettii at Pompeii (Restored) Atrium of a Pompeian House Pompeian Floor Mosaic Peristyle of a Pompeian House A Greek Banquet A Roman Litter Theater of Dionysus, Athens A Dancing Girl The Circus Maximus (Restoration) Gladiators A Slave's Collar Sophocles (Lateran Museum, Rome) Socrates (Vatican Museum, Rome) Corner of a Doric Façade Corner of an Ionic Façade Corinthian Capital Composite Capital Tuscan Capital Interior View of the Ulpian Basilica (Restoration) A Roman Aqueduct The Colosseum (Exterior) The Colosseum (Interior) A Roman Cameo Tomb of Theodoric at Ravenna Charlemagne (Lateran Museum Rome) The Iron Crown of Lombardy Cathedral at Aix la Chapelle Ring Seal of Otto the Great Anglo Saxon Drinking Horn St. Martin's Church, Canterbury Canterbury Cathedral A Mosaic of Justinian The Three Existing Monuments of the Hippodrome, Constantinople Religious Music The Nestorian Monument Papal Arms St. Daniel the Stylite on his Column Abbey of Saint Germain des Prés, Paris A Monk Copyist Mecca A Letter of Mohammed A Passage from the Koran Naval Battle showing Use of "Greek Fire" Interior of the Mosque of Cordova Capitals and Arabesques from the Alhambra Swedish Rock Carving A Runic Stone A Viking Ship Norse Metal Work (Museum, Copenhagen) Alfred the Great Alfred's Jewel (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford) A Scene from the Bayeux Tapestry (Museum of Bayeux, Normandy) Trial by Combat Mounted Knight Pierrefonds Château Gaillard (Restored) King and Jester Falconry Farm Work in the Fourteenth Century Pilgrims to Canterbury A Bishop ordaining a Priest St. Francis blessing the Birds The Spiritual and the Temporal Power Henry IV, Countess Matilda, and Gregory VII Contest between Crusaders and Moslems "Mosque of Omar," Jerusalem Effigy of a Knight Templar Richard I in Prison Hut-Wagon of the Mongols (Reconstruction) Tomb of Timur at Samarkand Mohammed II The "White Tower" A Passage from Domesday Book Windsor Castle Extract from the Great Charter Coronation Chair, Westminster Abbey A Queen Eleanor Cross Royal Arms of Edward III English Archer Walls of Carcassonne A Scene in Rothenburg House of the Butchers' Guild, Hildesheim, Germany Baptistery, Cathedral, and "Leaning Tower" of Pisa Venice and the Grand Canal Belfry of Bruges Town Hall of Louvain, Belgium Geoffrey Chaucer Roland at Roncesvalles Cross Section of Amiens Cathedral Gargoyles on the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris View of New College, Oxford Tower of Magdalen College, Oxford Roger Bacon Magician rescued from the Devil The Witches' Sabbath Chess Pieces of Charlemagne Bear Baiting Mummers A Miracle Play at Coventry, England Manor House in Shropshire, England Interior of an English Manor House Costumes of Ladies during the Later Middle Ages Dante Alighieri Petrarch An Early Printing Press Facsimile of Part of Caxton's "Aeneid" (Reduced) Desiderius Erasmus (Louvre, Paris) Cervantes William Shakespeare Shakespeare's Birthplace, Stratford-on-Avon Richard II Geographical Monsters An Astrolabe Vasco da Gama Christopher Columbus (Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid) Isabella Ship of 1492 A.D. The Name "America" Ferdinand Magellan Aztec Sacrificial Knife Aztec Sacrificial Stone Cabot Memorial Tower John Wycliffe Martin Luther Charles V John Calvin Henry VIII Ruins of Melrose Abbey Chained Bible St. Ignatius Loyola Philip II The Escorial William the Silent Elizabeth Crown of Elizabeth's Reign London Bridge in the Time of Elizabeth The Spanish Armada in the English Channel Cardinal Richelieu (Louvre, Paris.) Gustavus Adolphus Cardinal Mazarin Louis XIV Versailles Medal of Louis XIV Marlborough Gold Coin of James I A Puritan Family Charles I Execution of the Earl of Strafford Oliver Cromwell Interior of Westminster Hall Great Seal of England under the Commonwealth (Reduced) Boys' Sports Silver Crown of Charles II A London Bellman Coach and Sedan Chair Death Mask of Sir Isaac Newton