Note 130 — ACTO I

134. la duquesa de Mantua: cf. Historical Introduction. Mantua is a province that formed part of ancient Lombardy. The succession to the duchy of Mantua caused a bitter war. The legitimate heir was Charles, duke of Nevers. His heritage was disputed by Ferdinand and Cæsar Gonzaga, dukes of Guastalla, and by the duke of Savoy. Charles caused Mantua to be occupied by his son contrary to the wishes of the Emperor Ferdinand II. France and Venice supported Charles and ousted the Savoyards and Spaniards who were besieging Casale (1629). In July, 1630, the city of Mantua was taken and sacked by the imperial troops. At the diet of Ratisbon the Emperor Ferdinand gave in, putting Charles in possession of his duchies. Spain at first refused to accept this decision, but later, by the treaty of Cherasco (1631), recognized it.