Daniel Webster for Young Americans

INDEX

Reading edition

Achilles, 327. Adams and Jefferson: A Discourse in Commemoration of the Lives and Services of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, delivered in Faneuil Hall, Boston, Aug. 2, 1826, 67. Adams, John, 84, 87-90, 92-97, 101, 104; similarity to Jefferson, 70; example of, 70; work of, 70; services of, 73; career of, 73-81, 97-100; portrait of, 74. Adams, John Quincy, 100 and note, 122 note; portrait of, 123. Adams, Samuel, 80, 96; portrait of, 97. Alfred, 48. Allerton, Isaac, 7. Amendment, Thirteenth, to the Constitution, 126 note. America, popular government in, 18, 20; constitutional history of, 25; literature of, 26; discovery of, 31; Revolution in, 32; obligations of, 48, 65; contributions of, to Europe, 62; example of, 63. Americans, sacred trust of, 210. American Union, the, 56. Ames, Fisher, 183 and note. Angelo, Michael, 177. Athens, 204. Bacon, Francis, 71. Bennington, Vt., 38. Benton, Thomas Hart, 119-121; portrait of, 120. Berkeley, George, 178 and note, 201. Blackstone, Sir William, 167 and note. Boston, Mass., Massacre, 75 note; Port Bill, 93 and note; “Tea-Party,” 93 note; speeches of Webster at, 67. Bradford, William, 7. Brewster, William, 7, 15. Bunker Hill, battle of, 96; importance of, 57; motive for, 58; consequences of, 59. Bunker Hill Monument, The: An Address delivered at the Laying of the Corner-stone at Charlestown, Mass. June 17, 1825, 30; and see 208 and note. Bunker Hill Monument, The Completion of the: An Address delivered June 17, 1843, 50. Byron, Lord, 9 note. Camden, N. J., 38. Capitol, The Addition to the, 200. Capitol, United States, in 1851, view of, 200. Carroll, Charles, 107. Carver, John, 7. Charlestown, Mass., 58; speeches of Webster at, 30, 50. Chatham, Earl of, 177. Cicero, 21, 177 and note. Clay, Henry, 122 note, 194 note; portrait of, 195. “Coalition,” the, 122 and note. Concord, Mass., 55, 96. Congress, Continental, First, 81. Constitution and the Union, The, 194. Constitution of the United States, true principles of, 145; declared by people to be supreme law, 150, 163; enumerated powers of, 162; main design of, 162; failure of Confederation the cause of, 162; alterable by the people, not the States, 170. Cortéz, Hernando, 61. Declaration of Independence, The, 83-87. Demosthenes, 9, 204. District of Columbia, 155. Electors, Presidential, in the United States, 98 note. Elizabeth, Queen, 12. Eloquence, nature of, 89. Embargo Bill of 1807, 156 and note. England, religious persecutions in, 12; idea of liberty in, 60. Executive Patronage and Removal from Office, 174. Faneuil Hall, Boston, view of, 68; speeches of Webster in, 67. Federalist party, 122 note. Fillmore, Millard, 211; portrait of, 211. Foot, Samuel Augustus, 115 note; Resolution of, 116. Foreign influence a foe of republican government, 185. Franklin, Benjamin, 84, 101; portrait of, 102. Freedom, spirit of, 179. Fries, John, 168 and note. Gage, Thomas, 79. Gates, Horatio, 41. Government, representative system of, 44; principles of, as held by English colonists in America, 61, 62; powers of, to be used for the general benefit, 131; a great untaxed proprietor, 132; republican, foreign influence a foe of, 185. Government, United States, source of powers of, 150, 162, 164; powers of, as related to powers of States, 152, 158, 160, 162; a new experiment, 180. “Great Debate,” The, 115 note. Greece, Revolution in (1824), 45 and note. Greene, Nathanael, 41. Hancock, John, 90, 96; portrait of, 91. Harrington, James, 20. Harvard College, 23; view of, 24. Hayne, Robert Young, 115 note, 117-122; portrait of, 135. Hayne, The Reply to: From the Second Speech on Foot’s Resolution, delivered in the Senate of the United States, Jan. 26 and 27, 1830, 115; first version of, 173 note; and see 115 note. Henry, Patrick, 100; portrait of, 101. Hillhouse, James, 155 and note. Holland, Pilgrims in, 14. Homer, 177. Independence, American, 201-204. Independence, Declaration of, 83-87. Independence Hall, Philadelphia, view of, 80. Internal improvements, Webster’s opinions concerning, 129. Jackson, Andrew, 115 note. Jamestown, Va., 32 and note. Jefferson, Thomas, 184 note; similarity to Adams, 70; example of, 70; work of, 70; services of, 73; career of, 81-85, 99, 100-106; portrait of, 82. Kentucky resolutions of 1798, 147 note. Lafayette, Marquis de, 39 and note; portrait of, 40. Lee, Richard Henry, 83. Legislatures, State, in relation to national laws, 145. Lexington, Mass., 55, 96. Liberty the inheritance of every American, 203. Lincoln, Benjamin, 41. Lincolnshire, England, 13. Livingston, Robert R., 84. Marathon, 8 and note. Mason and Dixon’s line, 137 and note. Massachusetts, in the Revolution, 143; defence of, 144. Milton, John, 177. Missouri question, 126-127, 126 note. Monmouth, N. J., 38. Monuments of the past, 53. National Republican party, 122 note, 174. Nations, progress of, 41. Newton, Isaac, 71. New England, The First Settlement of: A Discourse delivered at Plymouth, Mass. Dec. 22, 1820, 3. New England, third century of history of, 3; ancestors of, 41; religious liberty in, 11; distribution of property in, 19; education in, 21; future progress of, 28; settlement of, 3, 32; relation of, to Western improvements, 133-134; Hayne’s attack on, 136; relation of, to South Carolina doctrine of nullification, 155; to the embargo of 1807, 157. Northwest Territory, 126 note. Nullification, 116, 154, 165-169; leads to disunion, 169. Ohio, 126 note. “Old Style” of reckoning time, 73 note. Ordinance of 1787, the, 126 and note. Otis, James, 76; portrait of, 77. Paine, Robert Treat, 79, 96. Parties, political, in 1812, 141. Party contests under the Constitution, 138. Phidias, 9. Philip of Macedon, 204. Pilgrims, 5 and note; purpose of, 10, 59; new home of, 15, 18; duty of descendants of, 25; and see New England, First Settlement of. Pizarro, Francisco, 61. Plato, 9. Plymouth, Mass., 6, 7 and note, 28, 59; speech of Webster at, 3. Pope, Alexander, 199 note. Prescott, William, 36, 54, 57, 58. Public lands, 128. Public works bonds of union, 129. Puritans, 5 note. Putnam, Israel, 36, 54. Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 73. Randolph, Peyton, 83. Raphael, 177. Religion, influence of, 27. Religious liberty in New England, 11. Religious persecutions in England, 12. Revolution, American, 32; survivors of, 35, 36, 38; influence of, upon Europe, 42. Revolution of 1688, English, importance of, 181. Revolution, Webster admits right of, 147; a law to itself, 164. Robinson, John, 12 and note, 15. Rome, commonwealth of, 21. Salem, Mass., speech of Webster at, 111. Saratoga, N. Y., 38. Sargent, Henry, 7 and note. Secession, peaceable, impossible, 195. Senate, United States, 121; speeches of Webster in, 115, 194. Serbonis, Lake, 218 note. “Seventh of March” (1850) speech of Webster, 194. Shakespeare, William, 202 and note. Sherman, Roger, 84. Slavery, Webster’s opinion concerning, 126-128. Smithfield (London), 12 and note. Socrates, 9. Solon, 48. Sophocles, 9. South America, liberty in, 46. South Carolina, 136, 137; nullification in, 116; Webster’s tribute to, 142; doctrine of State discretion, 146. Southern Confederacy, idea of a, 197. Spain, greed of, 60. Sparta, 204. Standish, Miles, 7. Stark, John, 36, 54. States, not final judges of acts of general government, 145; powers of, as related to powers of general government, 152, 160. “Suicide is confession,” 114. Sullivan, John, 41. Supreme Court of the United States, final decision of, 164. Tariffs, protective, as related to Constitution, 153, 159; to South Carolina nullification, 166. Thebes, 204. Trenton, N. Y., 38. Turenne, Vicomte de, 168 and note. Tyler, John, 54; portrait of, 54. Union, as related to nullification, 154; preservation of, 171, 195, 198, 211. United States, example of, 47; are one, 130; a western sun, 182; advantages of isolation of, 186; dismemberment of, the greatest of evils, 191; growth of population of, 205-206. Vauban, Sebastien de, 168. Virginia resolutions of 1798, 146-147, 146 note. Virginia, University of, 105 and note. Warren, Joseph, 37, 40, 41, 54; portrait of, 37. Washington, George, 41, 59, 63, 67, 94, 102, 104, 139, 204, 207-210; power of the name of, 175; moral example of, 176; Farewell Address of, 183, 185, 186, 188; conduct of America’s foreign relations, 184; domestic policy of, 187; first cabinet of, 187; important measures of administration of, 188; opinion of dangers of party spirit, 188; love of the Union, 189; monition of, 209-210. Washington, The Character of, 175. Washington, city of, 207-208; speeches of Webster in, 200. Washington Monument, 208 and note; view of, 208. Whig party, 122 note. White, Captain Joseph, The Murder of: From an Argument on the Trial of Joseph Francis Knapp, at Salem, Mass. Aug. 3, 1830, 111. Wilmot proviso, the, 126 note. Worcester, Mass., speech of Webster at, 174. Wythe, George, 82. Yorktown, Va., 38.

Notes in this chapter

Note 1 · The “Pilgrims” are often confused with the “Puritans,” and the words are used interchangeably. Strictly speaking, the former were the Englis Note 2 · Henry Sargent’s “Landing of the Pilgrims,” in Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth.Note 3 · The landing at Plymouth was on Dec. 11, 1620, Old Style, corresponding to December 21 according to the present calendar, though December 22 Note 4 · A plain eighteen miles northeast of Athens, between Mount Pentelicus and the sea, where, B. C. 490, 10,000 Greeks and 1,000 Platæans, under Note 5 · John Robinson, 1575-1625, an influential English Independent (or Congregational) minister, who left the Church of England and joined the “Se Note 6 · Smithfield is a section of London, north of St. Paul’s Cathedral, where alleged heretics were burned at the stake during the reign of Queen Note 2 · Jamestown, Virginia, on the James River, where the first permanent English settlement in the United States was made May 13, 1607.Note 4 · The Marquis de la Fayette (1757-1834), a member of a rich and noble French family, equipped a vessel at his own cost, and came to America in Note 6 · The people of Greece, long restive against Turkish oppression, rose under Alexander Ypsilanti in 1820, promulgated a new constitution in 182 Note 1 · The old method, established by Julius Cæsar, of counting 365 days in a year, and 366 every fourth year, gave each year about eleven minutes Note 2 · March 5, 1770, a conflict called the “Boston Massacre” took place between English troops and Bostonians, three of the latter being killed. S Note 4 · Parliament closed the port of Boston, in 1774, in retaliation for the destruction of taxed tea by the Colonists in 1773, in the so-called “B Note 6 · Prior to 1804 the “presidential electors” voted for two candidates from previous page: for president; the one receiving the highest number t Note 7 · John Quincy Adams was President of the United States, 1825-1829.Note 9 · Mr. Jefferson himself considered his services in establishing the University of Virginia as among the most important rendered by him to the Note 1 · The “Great Debate” in the Senate, between Webster and Hayne, had an unexpected origin. A resolution had been introduced by Senator Samuel Au Note 2 · It had been charged that John Quincy Adams, during his presidency (1825-1829), had sought to purchase the support of Webster by giving offic Note 4 · The Ordinance of July 13, 1787, was an act of the Congress of the Confederation,—prior to the beginning of the constitutional government of Note 5 · The line between Pennsylvania, a free State, and Maryland, a slave State; originally run by two surveyors bearing these names.Note 6 · The “Virginia Resolutions of 1798,” of which the most important is here quoted, and the similar Kentucky Resolutions of the same year, were Note 7 · James Hillhouse (1754-1832), of Connecticut.Note 9 · The Embargo Bill of 1807 prohibited American vessels from foreign trade, and foreign vessels from American, only coasting trade being permit Note 10 · Sir William Blackstone (1723-1780), author of the famous “Commentaries on the Laws of England” (1765-1769).Note 11 · Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne (1611-1675) an eminent French general, who left memoirs of his campaigns from 1643 to 1658.Note 13 · John Fries (1764?-1825) was the leader of seven hundred men who forcibly resisted the levying of the “house or window” tax in Northampton, B Note 1 · Interesting examples of Webster’s revision of important passages in this speech may be found by comparing the present standard text with the Note 1 · At the beginning of the nineteenth century Marcus Tullius Cicero was often called Tully.Note 2 · Bishop George Berkeley’s (1684-1753) “On the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America.”Note 3 · A remark by Fisher Ames (1758-1808), of Massachusetts,—perhaps the extremest Federalist of his time.Note 4 · The famous phrase “honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none” was not Washington’s, but Jefferson’s.Note 1 · In the debate on Henry Clay’s Compromise resolutions.Note 2 · Pope’s translation of Homer’s Iliad, book xviii., lines 701-4. Webster changes the first word, “Thus,” to “Now.”Note 1 · Shakespeare, King Henry the Fifth, Prologue, lines 1-4.Note 13 · The Washington monument here mentioned had been begun in 1848. Work was continued, by State and other donations, until 1855, when it was aba