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Critical Miscellanies (Vol. 2 of 3), Essay 4

JOSEPH DE MAISTRE.

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The Catholic reaction in France at the beginning of the century257

De Maistre the best type of the movement262

Birth, instruction, and early life263

Invasion of Savoy, and De Maistre’s flight268

At Lausanne, Venice, and Cagliari270

Sent in 1802 as minister to St. Petersburg275

Hardships of his life there from 1802 to 1817276

Circumstances of his return home, and his death285

De Maistre’s view of the eighteenth century287

And of the French Revolution291

The great problem forced upon the Catholics by it293

De Maistre’s way of dealing with the question of the divine method

of government293

Nature of divine responsibility for evil294

On Physical Science298

Significance of such ideas in a mind like De Maistre’s299

Two theories tenable by social thinkers after the Revolution303

De Maistre’s appreciation of the beneficent work of the Papacy

in the past307

Insists on the revival of the papal power as the essential condition

of a restored European order313

Views Christianity from the statesman’s point of view314

His consequent hatred of the purely speculative temper of the Greeks316

His object was social or political318

Hence his grounds for defending the doctrine of Infallibility319

The analogy which lay at the bottom of his Ultramontane doctrine320

His hostility to the authority of General Councils323

His view of the obligation of the canons on the Pope325

His appeal to European statesmen326

Comte and De Maistre329

His strictures on Protestantism331

Futility of his aspirations335

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