Count Frontenac, Makers of Canada, Volume 3

INDEX

Reading edition

Previous chapter ←Chapter XIIEnd of this edition

All chapters and sections (29)

A

Abenaquis Indians, hostile to New England,

240

;

incited by Governor Denonville, 249;

ravages committed by, 316;

attack settlement of York, 326;

repulsed at Wells, 327;

disposed to make peace with New England, 328;

French influence in opposite direction prevails, 330;

attack settlement of Oyster River, 330;

fired on from Fort Pemaquid, under flag of truce, 331

Acadia, attempt to form settlement in,

;

seized by English under Kirke, 22;

subsequent vicissitudes, 268-72;

seized under orders from Cromwell, 268;

settlers disposed to trade with New England, 270;

Port Royal (Annapolis) made capital, 270;

visited by Meulles and Saint Vallier, and census taken, 271;

Port Royal and other posts captured by Phipps, who establishes government, 274;

passes again under French control, 316

Agriculture in Canada, difficulties in the way of,

Aguesseau, Chancellor d', on French parliaments,

153

Ailleboust, M. d', succeeds Montmagny as governor,

;

interim governor, 42

Albany, Fort, captured by Troyes,

206

;

captured alternately by French and English, 343, 345

Andros, Sir Edmund, governor of New England,

263

;

seized and imprisoned, 266

Argenson, Vicomte d', arrives as governor,

;

on Laval, 45

Auteuil, Denis Joseph Ruette d', attorney-general,

106

;

death of, 138

Auteuil, François d', son of Denis, succeeds him,

138

;

makes trouble for Intendant Meulles, 174;

waits on Frontenac, 255

Avaugour, Baron Dubois d', governor,

;

disagrees with clergy on liquor question, 46;

describes earthquake, 46

B

Ball, first given in Canada,

Beaucour, M. de, brave conduct of, in command of party against Iroquois,

319

;

superintends improvements in fortifications of Quebec, 326

Bellomont, Earl of, governor of New York, corresponds with Frontenac,

355

Belmont, Abbé, on number of captives taken at Lachine,

226

;

on excessive use of brandy, 312 and note

Bernières, Henri de, grand-vicar of bishop of Quebec,

111

Berthier, M. de, commands militia in campaign against Iroquois,

209

Bienville, Le Moyne de, joins war party against Schenectady,

235

Big Mouth (Grande Gueule), Onondaga orator,

184

221

Bizard, officer of Frontenac, arrested by Perrot,

Boulduc, prosecutor of Prévôté, dismissed,

138

Bourdon, Sister Anne, on divine protection of Quebec,

301

Bourgeoys, Sister Margaret, establishes Congrégation de Notre Dame,

;

impressed on arrival by poverty of country, 39

Bradstreet, Simon, made governor of Massachusetts,

266

;

on failure of expedition against Quebec, 301

Brouillan, M. de, French governor at Placentia, Newfoundland,

346

Bruey, agent of governor Perrot at Montreal,

Buade, Antoine de, grandfather of Frontenac,

Buade, Henri de, father of Frontenac,

Buade, Louis de, Count Frontenac, see

Frontenac

Bullion, Mme. de, benefactress of Hôtel Dieu at Montreal,

C

Caen, William de, head of trading company,

Caen, Emery de, takes over Quebec from the English,

Callières, M. de, memorandum by, on French claims in Hudson's Bay,

204

;

commands regular troops in attack on Iroquois, 209;

sent to France to represent situation of colony, 230;

leads 800 men from Montreal to defence of Quebec, 292;

commands vanguard in attack on Onondagas, 351;

commended in despatches, 353;

succeeds Frontenac as governor, 362

Canada, population of,

131

147

148

;

poverty of, impresses Sister Margaret Bourgeoys, 39;

morals of the people, 58, 59;

over-governed, 131;

trade, 148;

affected by all the vicissitudes of Mother Country, 150, 151;

"farmers" of revenue appointed for, 154;

Bishop Saint Vallier's first description of country and inhabitants, 192;

Governor Denonville's description, 192;

Saint Vallier's revised opinion, 193;

real character of the people, 193-5;

state of depression throughout the country, 219, 240;

drinking habits of people, 223;

described by Laval as the country of miracles, 301;

exhaustion of, after departure of New England fleet, 305, 317

Carignan-Salières Regiment sent out,

;

some of the officers settle in Canada and become seigneurs, 57

Carion, officer at Montreal, refuses to recognize Frontenac's order for arrest of

coureurs de bois

Cartier, Jacques, voyages of,

Cataraqui, expedition of Courcelles to,

;

of Frontenac, 76-84;

fort, known afterwards as Fort Frontenac, erected at, 83

Census of 1666,

Chambly, fort erected at,

Chambly, M. de, appointed governor of Acadia,

269

;

taken prisoner to Boston and there set at liberty, 269;

again governor, 270;

governor of Grenada (W.I.), 270

Champigny, Jean Bochart de, intendant,

207

;

captures peaceful Indians for king's galleys, 215;

on sufferings of expeditionary force sent against Mohawks, 322;

complains of Frontenac's treatment of him, 336;

opposes restoration of Fort Frontenac, 341

Champlain, Samuel de, early career of,

;

sails for St. Lawrence and explores river to Lachine rapids, 4;

explores Baie des Chaleurs, returns to France, 5;

accompanies de Monts to Acadia, 7;

founder of Quebec, 8;

plot against his life, 8;

expedition against Iroquois, 9;

returns to France and sails again for Canada, 10;

returns to France, marries, and sails again for Canada, 11;

prospects Island of Montreal, 12;

returns to France (1611), sails for Canada (1613), again to France, again to Canada (1615), 13;

brings out Récollet missionaries, 13;

heads another expedition against Iroquois, 14;

begins construction of Château St. Louis, 15;

surrenders Quebec to English under Kirke, 20;

landed in England, 21;

urges restitution of Canada, 22;

sails for Quebec (1633), 24;

death of, 26

Chapais, M. Thos., his work on Talon referred to,

(note)

Charlevoix, Père, on bravery of Canadians and indifferent conduct of French troops,

212

;

on Lachine massacre, 224, 227;

on old age of François Hertel, 235 (note);

his account of "flag" incident in siege of Quebec, 295;

on character and conduct of Frontenac, 333-6

Charny-Lauson, temporary governor,

Chastes, M. de, trading patent granted to,

;

death of, 5

Châteaufort, M. de, interim governor after death of Champlain,

Château St. Louis, Quebec, construction begun,

Chauvin, obtains patent for exclusive trade in Canada,

;

sails to St. Lawrence, 3

Chedabucto (Guysborough, N.S.), Frontenac arrives at,

232

Chubb, commandant of Fort Pemaquid, fires on Indians while under flag of truce,

331

;

killed, 332

Clarke, Captain, killed at Fort Loyal, two daughters taken to Quebec,

303

Clément, Pierre (author of

Vie de Colbert

), on causes of failure of West India Company,

149

;

on galley service, 215

Clermont, Chevalier de, killed in skirmish on Beaufort flats,

294

Colbert, creates West India Company,

;

disapproves Frontenac's action in summoning "three estates," 67;

anti-clerical tendencies, 73;

Madame Maintenon's opinion of, 74;

advice to Courcelles in relation to ecclesiastical power, 115;

asks for particulars as regards effects of liquor traffic, 118;

speaks of bishop as aiming at too much power, 119;

overthrow of his commercial policy, 151

Company of New France, or of Hundred Associates, created by Cardinal Richelieu,

;

colonists sent out by, 28;

cedes some of its rights to colonists, 36;

new arrangement works badly, 37;

surrenders all its powers to the king (1663), 49;

its failure to fulfil its engagements, 55

Condé, Duke of, lieutenant-general for New France,

Congrégation de Notre Dame, Montreal, established,

Connecticut, takes part in expedition against Montreal,

279

Corlaer, Indian name of Schenectady, which see.

Also Indian name for governors of New York, 253 (note)

Council, created (1647) at Quebec,

D

D'Ailleboust, see

Ailleboust

Damours, Mathieu, member of Sovereign Council,

106

;

arrested by Frontenac, 139

Dauversière, M. Royer de la, one of founders of Montreal colony,

Davis, Captain Sylvanus, captured at Fort Loyal,

252

;

a prisoner in Quebec during siege by Phipps, 294

De Monts, see

Monts

Denonville, Marquis de, succeeds M. de la Barre as governor,

189

;

comes out in same ship as M. de Saint Vallier, 191;

gives unfavourable account of Canadian people, 192;

his piety, 197;

asks for more troops, 198;

corresponds with Dongan, governor of New York, 198;

desirous of constructing a fort at Niagara, 199;

proposes to French king to buy colony of New York, 202;

instructed to cultivate peaceful relations with English neighbours, 203;

sends expedition to Hudson's Bay, 205;

receives reinforcements, 206;

determines to march against Iroquois, 207;

crafty policy, 208;

complains of French troops, 212;

erects fort at Niagara, 213;

asks for more troops, 217;

receives visit from Big Mouth, 221;

in attack by Iroquois on Lachine orders troops to remain on defensive, 225;

recalled, 228;

orders Fort Frontenac to be blown up, 228;

stimulated Abenaquis to attack New England settlements, 249

Désquérat, Captain, killed at Lapraire,

313

Dollier de Casson, Sulpician, his history of Montreal,

;

depicts evils of liquor traffic, 335

Domergue, Lieutenant, killed at Laprairie,

313

Dongan, Colonel, governor of New York, correspondence with La Barre,

182

;

policy with Iroquois, 183;

correspondence with Denonville, 199, 200;

claims right to trade with Lake tribes, 203;

demands destruction of Fort Niagara, 218;

advice to Iroquois, 219

Duchesneau, Jacques, intendant,

108

;

his instructions, 109;

claims to rank above bishop, 115;

causes king's prohibition of trading licences to be registered in Frontenac's absence, 117;

asked to furnish particulars as to ill effects of liquor traffic, 118;

censured for interfering in matters beyond his sphere, 120;

his recommendations on the coureurs de bois question, 127;

dispute with Frontenac as to presidency of Sovereign Council, 133-40;

severely censured in despatch from minister, 134;

accuses Frontenac of manufacturing the news he sends to the minister, 142;

his son imprisoned for disrespect to Frontenac, 143;

recall of, 143;

makes report on Acadia, 271

Dudley, Joseph, provisional governor of Massachusetts,

264

Dudouyt, Jean, grand-vicar of bishop of Quebec,

111

;

sent to France by bishop in connection with liquor question, 118;

advice to bishop, 171

Dugas, Du Gua, or Du Guast, sieur de Monts, see

Monts

Du Lhut, Daniel Greseylon, explorer, discoveries of,

162

;

imprisoned on return to Quebec, 163;

appointed post commander among north-western tribes, 164;

diverts trade from English posts on Hudson's Bay to Montreal, 164;

under orders from La Barre confiscates goods in La Salle's fort of St. Louis, 179;

instructed to rendezvous at Niagara, 181, 186, 187;

fortifies post at outlet of Lake Huron, 202

Dupont, Nicolas, member of Sovereign Council,

106

Duval, Jean, executed for conspiracy against Champlain,

E

Earthquake of 1662,

Eau, Chevalier d', goes on embassy to Iroquois and is badly used,

262

English colonies, goods cheap in,

154

;

paid better price for furs, 154, 175, 201;

political confusion prevailing in, after downfall of James II, 263

F

Faillon, abbé, quoted,

;

his description of conduct of Perrot, governor of Montreal, 96, 97

Fénelon, abbé de, intermediary between Frontenac and Perrot,

;

indignant at Perrot's arrest, 93;

preaches sermon against Frontenac, 93;

carries round memorial in Perrot's favour, 96;

summoned to Quebec, 98;

his conduct before the council, 101;

sent to France, censured, and not allowed to return to Canada, 102, 103

"Flag" incident in siege of Quebec,

295-8

France, condition of, in 1675-6,

150

151

Frontenac, Louis de Buade, Comte de Palluau et, particulars respecting his early life scanty,

;

born in 1620, 61;

enters army under Prince of Orange at age of fifteen, 62;

promoted to rank of maréchal de camp, 62;

peace of Westphalia (1648) releases him from military life, 63;

marriage and birth of son, 63;

his wife separates from him, 63;

extravagant habits, 64;

commands Venetian troops in defence of Crete against Turks, 64;

leaves France for Canada midsummer of 1672, 65;

endeavours to constitute "three estates," and summons an assembly, 67;

action disapproved by king, 67;

his instructions regarding the ecclesiastical power, 69;

friendly to Sulpicians and Récollets, 74;

plans a visit to Cataraqui, 74;

conducts an expedition to Cataraqui, 76-84;

invites Iroquois to conference at that place, 79;

harangues them and distributes presents, 81, 82;

erects fort, 83;

expedition not approved by minister, 84;

Frontenac defends it, 85;

difficulties with Perrot, governor of Montreal, and the Abbé Fénelon, 90-104;

captures twelve coureurs de bois, 99;

sends Perrot and Fénelon to France with report on case, 102;

the king's reply, 103;

enemies at court, 110;

honour paid to him in church curtailed by Laval, 112;

attitude towards ecclesiastical powers, 113;

difficulty with bishop over issue of trading permits, involving carrying of liquor to Indians, 116;

king prohibits permits, 116;

visits Cataraqui (Fort Frontenac), 117;

appeals against king's decision, 117;

instructed not to meddle with questions of finance, etc., 120;

authorized to grant hunting permits, 125;

number to be issued restricted, 128;

dispute with intendant Duchesneau as to presidency of Sovereign Council, 133-40;

censured by minister for his contentious spirit, 135;

again cautioned by king and minister, 136;

recalled, 143, 144;

asks home government for soldiers, 145;

summons conference on Indian question, 146;

arranges peace between Senecas and Ottawas, 146;

orders strengthening of fortifications of Montreal, 147;

relations with Du Lhut, 162;

has Récollet confessor, Father Maupassant, 165;

alleged disorders in his household, 165;

commends Sulpicians, 168;

his recall a triumph for clerical opponents, 171;

on return to France makes light of La Barre's demand for troops, 173;

reappointed governor of Canada, 229;

arrives at Chedabucto, 232;

arrives at Quebec, 232;

goes to Montreal, 233;

exaggerates number of killed in Lachine massacre, 227 (note);

tries to arrest destruction of Fort Frontenac, 233;

organizes raiding parties against English colonies, 234-6;

brings out with him from France survivors of Indians captured for the galleys, 237;

sends deputation to Iroquois, 237;

sends reinforcements to La Durantaye, 241;

his address to the Lake tribes, 242;

result of his raids on English settlements, 253;

improves fortifications of Quebec, 254;

his relations with the Sovereign Council, 254-7;

goes to Montreal where anxiety prevails, 257;

his expedition to Lake Indians successful, 258;

dances a war-dance, 260;

protests to Massachusetts authorities against attack on Pentagouet, 270;

gets news at Montreal of approach of expedition against Quebec, 282;

replies to Phipps's demand for surrender, 288, 289;

recommends attack on Boston by sea, 316;

describes ravages of Abenaquis, 317;

estimate of military losses in Canada, 318;

expresses himself as opposed to large expeditions, 320;

orders M. de Louvigny at Michilimackinac to send down Indians with their furs, 323;

firm in negotiations with Iroquois, 325, 338;

complaints made against, 333-6;

gives theatrical representations at Quebec, 336;

question of Tartuffe, 337;

restores Fort Frontenac against instructions of minister, 341;

directs campaign against Iroquois, 350-3;

reports his victory to the king, and asks for recognition, 353;

receives cross of St. Louis, 354;

receives news of Peace of Ryswick, 354;

corresponds on question of sovereignty over Iroquois with Earl of Bellomont, governor of New York, 355;

his last despatch to home government, 357;

illness and death, 357-9;

his will, 358;

no known portrait, 360;

funeral sermon and critical annotations thereon, 361

Frontenac, Mme., aversion of, for her husband,

;

joins Mlle. de Montpensier, 63;

assisted Frontenac by her influence at court, 65

Frontenac, Fort, erected at Cataraqui,

;

conceded to La Salle, 156;

seized by La Barre, 178;

restored to La Salle, 179;

Dongan demands its destruction, 218;

Denonville gives orders for blowing it up, 288;

order partially carried out, 234;

repaired, 234;

rebuilt, 341

Fur trade, burdensome restrictions on,

154

G

Gaillardin, French historian, referred to,

152

Gerrish, Sarah, captured at Fort Loyal, exchanged for one of Phipps's prisoners,

303

Girouard, Judge, on loss of life in massacre of Lachine,

224

;

at La Chesnaye and other places, 226

Glandelet, abbé, preaches against theatre,

336

Glen, John Sanders, magistrate of Schenectady, life spared,

247

Gosselin, abbé, his opinion of Talon,

;

on administration of La Barre, 172;

on Laval's choice of M. de Saint Vallier, 191;

on Frontenac's attitude towards religion, 359

Goyer, Olivier, Récollet father, preaches funeral sermon on Frontenac,

361

Grande Gueule, see

Big Mouth

Great Mohawk (Grand Agnié), Christian Mohawk leader,

246

Griffon

, name of vessel built by La Salle and lost in Lake Michigan,

159

Grignan, M. de, son-in-law of Mme. de Sevigné, a candidate for governorship of Canada,

Guyard, Marie, see

Incarnation, Mère de l'

H

Hébert, Louis, first regular settler at Quebec,

Henry IV of France, assassination of,

Hertel, François, commands Three Rivers war party,

235

;

leader in massacre of Salmon Falls, 251;

joins M. de Portneuf in attack upon Fort Loyal, 251;

his old age, 235 (note)

History of Brandy in Canada

, quoted,

124

Hosta, M. d', killed at Laprairie,

312

Hôtel Dieu, Montreal, established by Mlle. Mance,

Hôtel Dieu, Quebec, origin of,

Hudson's Bay, English claim to, disputed by France,

204

;

La Barre instructed to check English encroachments in, 205;

expedition under M. de Troyes captures English forts, 205;

Iberville's exploits in, 342-50;

English possessions in, restored by Peace of Ryswick, 349

Hudson's Bay Company,

203

;

trading done and posts established by, 204;

redress claimed by, for losses inflicted by the French, 343

Hundred Associates, Company of, see

New France, Company of

Hurons, destruction of, by Iroquois,

and note,

;

join Frontenac's expedition to Cataraqui, 79;

dread being abandoned to Iroquois, 222

Hunting permits, issue of sanctioned,

125

;

number to be issued annually limited, 128;

issue of, becomes a form of patronage, 129

I

Iberville, Le Moyne d', accompanies expedition to Hudson's Bay,

206

;

joins war party against Schenectady, 235;

arrives from Hudson's Bay with two captured vessels, 325;

takes Fort Pemaquid, 331;

exploits in Hudson's Bay, 342-50;

sails for France and returns with two French ships, 343;

captures Port Nelson, 345;

sails for France, 346;

attacks English settlements in Newfoundland, 346;

takes St. John's, 347;

in his ship the Pelican successfully engages three English vessels, 348;

sails for France, 349

Illinois Indians, allies of French, attacked by Iroquois,

144

Incarnation, Mère de l' (Marie Guyard), arrival of, at Quebec,

;

on Jesuit Relations, 30 (note);

on influence of convent teaching, 89 (note);

on rapid decline in Indian population, 168 (note)

Indians (see also names of tribes or nations), menacing attitude of,

;

defrauded by traders, 18, 154;

not readily receptive of Christian doctrine, 167

Intendant, Jean Talon appointed as,

;

office revived, 105;

Jacques Duchesneau appointed, 108;

Jacques de Meulles, 171;

Jean Bochart de Champigny, 207

Iroquois, Champlain joins Hurons and Algonquins in attacking,

;

nearly exterminate Hurons, 26 and note, 35;

demand establishment of French colony in their country, 40;

their confederacy, of what tribes composed, 41;

attack remnant of Hurons on Island of Orleans, 41;

checked at the Long Sault on the Ottawa by heroism of Dollard and his companions, 44;

governor Courcelles marches against, 52;

similar expedition led by Tracy, 53;

invited by Frontenac to conference, 79;

consent to make a peace including Indian allies of French, 82;

under La Barre's administration seize canoes of French traders, 181;

La Barre's expedition against, 183;

Denonville's, 207-14;

capture of a number of peaceful Iroquois for king's galleys, 215;

reprisals, 218, 219;

massacre of Lachine, 224;

send envoys to meet Frontenac, 238;

native eloquence, 239;

worsted in skirmish on Ottawa River, 243;

Mohawk opinion of Schenectady massacre, 248;

ill treat embassy from Frontenac, 262;

renew their attacks, 307;

party of, destroyed at Repentigny, 308;

three prisoners burnt alive, 309;

another party surprised and destroyed, 319;

expedition against (Mohawks), 321;

peace negotiations, 337;

Onondaga orator, Teganissorens (Decanisora), 338;

Frontenac's campaign against, 350

J

Jemseg, for a short time headquarters of Acadia,

270

Jesuit fathers, arrival of,

;

return after restoration of Canada to France, 25;

Frontenac's attitude towards, 113;

their missions, 166

John and Thomas

, vice-admiral's ship in Phipps's squadron,

281

Jolliet, Louis, discoverer of Mississippi,

155

Jolliet, Zachary, his December journey from Michilimackinac to Quebec,

240

Juchereau, Mère, reports repulse of some of Phipps's men at Rivière Ouelle,

291

;

on flag incident, 296;

on divine protection of Quebec, 301

K

Kirke brothers (David, Louis, and Thomas) capture Quebec,

Kirke, Louis, left in charge of Quebec, surrenders it to French on conclusion of peace,

Kishon (the Fish), Indian name for governors of Massachusetts,

253

Kondiaronk, or the Rat, see

Rat

L

La Barre, M. Lefebvre de, governor, arrival of,

171

;

summons conference on Indian question, 172;

applies for troops, 172;

criticized in despatches by intendant, 173, 174;

takes to illegitimate trading, 175;

disparages discoveries of La Salle, 176;

seizes Fort Frontenac and Fort St. Louis, 177, 179;

instructed to restore to La Salle all his property, 180;

his unwise instructions to Iroquois, 180;

decides to make war on Senecas, 181;

corresponds with Colonel Dongan, governor of New York, 182;

leads expedition, 183;

arranges ignominious terms of peace, 186;

recalled, 188;

unfitness for his position, 189;

results of his weak policy, 198, 209

La Caffinière, M. de, commander of squadron sent against New York,

234

La Canardière, former name of Beauport flats,

293

(note)

La Chesnaye, trader, La Barre's dealings with,

175

La Chesnaye settlement, Iroquois raid on,

226

Lachine, massacre of,

224

225

La Durantaye, post commander, ordered to rendezvous at Niagara,

181

;

captures English canoes on the way, 210;

reports critical situation among Lake tribes, 240;

reinforced, 241

La Famine, La Barre's army encamps at,

184

La Forest, left in charge of Port Nelson,

346

La Grange-Trianon, Mlle. de, becomes wife of Frontenac,

Laguide, Madeleine, niece of Talon, wife of François Perrot,

La Hontan, Baron de, on treatment of captured Iroquois at Fort Frontenac,

216

;

on interview between Frontenac and Denonville, 233;

declines to go on embassy to Iroquois, 261;

his account of attack on Quebec by Phipps, 285

Lamberville, Jesuit father, missionary to the Iroquois,

144

188

208

La Motte Cadillac, post commander at Michilimackinac,

340

La Peltrie, Mme. de, arrival of, at Quebec,

;

accompanies Maisonneuve to Montreal, 33

Laprairie, attack on, by war party under John Schuyler,

281

;

serious encounter at, between Canadian forces and party under Peter Schuyler, 312

La Salle, René Robert Cavelier de, sent to invite Iroquois to conference,

;

first commandant of Fort Frontenac (Cataraqui), 88;

reports Perrot's defiant proceedings to Frontenac, 92;

his views on sale of liquor to Indians, 123;

obtains grant of Fort Frontenac from king, 156;

obtains exclusive right of trading in Mississippi region, 158;

difficulties encountered by, 159, 161;

relations with Frontenac, 162;

discoveries disparaged by La Barre and also by the king, 176;

financial affairs, 178;

his forts and other property seized by La Barre restored to him, 179;

king takes him under his special protection, 180

Lauson, M. Jean de, governor,

;

returns to France, 42

Laval-Montmorency, François Xavier de, arrival of as vicar-apostolic and bishop of Petraea

in partibus

;

sends M. de Queylus back to France, 43;

disagrees with governor Argenson, 45;

also with Avaugour, 46;

sails for France (1662), 46;

procures recall of Avaugour, and appointment of M. de Mézy, 48;

returns to Quebec September 1663, 48;

establishes Quebec Seminary, 48;

and Lesser Seminary, 49;

quarrels with Mézy, 50;

sails for France to settle question of bishopric, May 1672, 70;

made bishop of Quebec and returns to Canada, 1675, 71;

establishes ecclesiastical court, 111;

curtails honours paid to governor in church, 112;

king's instructions on the subject, 113;

Frontenac's estimate of bishop's revenue, 114;

objects to trading permits issued by governor, as involving selling of liquor to Indians, 116;

gains the king over to his views, 118;

sends grand-vicar to France to uphold his policy, 118;

goes to France to press his views (1678), 125;

effect of his elevation to rank of bishop, 164;

not favourable to permanent curacies, 165, 190;

rejects offer of Récollets to serve the parishes without any fixed provision for their support, 165;

determines to resign, 190;

goes to France, 1684, 191;

chooses M. de Saint Vallier as his successor, 191;

describes Canada as "the country of miracles," 301

Lavaltrie, M. de, seigneur, commands militia in attack on Iroquois,

209

;

killed by Iroquois, 323

Lebert, merchant, of Montreal, imprisoned by Perrot,

;

La Barre's dealings with, 175

Le Chasseur, secretary to Frontenac,

139

Leclercq, Père, Récollet, on great need for Récollet order in Canada,

(note);

on Schenectady massacre, 247 (note);

on "flag" incident in siege of Quebec, 296 and note

Leisler, Jacob, seizes government of New York,

266

Le Jeune, Jesuit father, preaches funeral sermon of Champlain,

Le Moyne, Charles, sent to invite Onondagas to conference,

183

184

Liquor traffic, condemned by Champlain,

;

subject of dispute between civil and religious authorities, 46, 115;

king's instructions regarding, 116, 118, 120;

question referred to a meeting of the principal inhabitants, 121;

opinions expressed, 122, 123;

king's decision thereon, 125;

evils depicted, 335

Longueuil, Le Moyne de, commands militia in attack on Iroquois,

209

Lorin, M. Henri, author of

Le Comte de Frontenac

, referred to,

109

126

128

142

165

174

216

(note),

231

250

Lotbinière, Réné Charlier de, member of the Sovereign Council,

106

Louis XIII of France, close relations of Frontenac family with,

Louis XIV, his war with Holland,

148

;

absolutism of his rule, 151-3;

desires to have permanent curacies (cures fixes) established in Canada, 164;

private life, 166;

pronounces La Salle's discoveries useless, 176;

later takes him under his special protection, 180

Louvigny, M. de, sent with reinforcements to Michilimackinac,

241

Loyal, Fort (Casco Bay), captured by Canadians,

252

M

Madocawando, Abenaquis chief,

329

Maisonneuve, Paul Chomedy, sieur de, conducts mission colony to Montreal,

;

bravery of, 34;

goes back to France for reinforcements, 38;

returns to Canada with 100 soldiers, 39;

removed from governorship by the Marquis de Tracy, 54

Mance, Mlle., establishes Hôtel Dieu at Montreal,

;

death of, 73

Mantel, Daillebout de, one of leaders of war party against Schenectady,

235

Maricourt, Le Moyne de, accompanies expedition to Hudson's Bay,

206

;

arrives at Quebec during siege by Phipps, 292;

with his brother, Iberville, in Hudson's Bay, 343

Marquette, Jesuit father, accompanies Jolliet in his explorations,

155

Marriage, stimulated by civil authorities,

Massachusetts, charter of, declared null and void,

264

;

takes lead in expedition against Quebec, 277

Mather, Cotton, on failure of Phipps's expedition,

302

;

on rescue of some men cast ashore on Anticosti, 304

Maupassant, Récollet father, Frontenac's confessor,

165

Menneval, M. de, governor of Acadia,

272

;

surrenders to Phipps, 274;

carried prisoner to Boston, 276;

released, 277

Meulles, Jacques de, intendant, opposed to popular representation,

;

arrival of, 171;

criticizes La Barre in despatches, 173, 174;

on La Barre's expedition against Senecas, 188;

recalled, 207;

visits Acadia and makes census, 271

Mézy, M. de, appointed governor on Laval's recommendation,

;

quarrels with Laval, 50;

death of, 50

Millet, Jesuit father, tortured by Oneida Indians,

216

Missions to Indians,

166

;

pure lives of missionaries produced good effect, 168

Mohawks (Iroquois tribe) attack Hurons on Island of Orleans,

;

Courcelles leads expedition against, 52;

Tracy leads a second, 53;

expedition against, 321

Monseignat, Frontenac's secretary,

260

297

Montmagny, M. de, second governor of Canada,

;

retirement of, 35

Montmorency, Duke of, becomes lieutenant-general for Canada,

;

executed for revolt, 22

Montpensier, Mlle. de, Mme. Frontenac's relations with,

Montreal, beginnings of,

;

settlement in danger of extinction, 38;

population in 1666, 56;

Frontenac's arrival at, on his way to Cataraqui, 76;

description of, 77;

expedition from Albany against, 268;

great rejoicings at, on arrival of trading canoes from the Lakes, 324

Monts, Pierre Dugas, sieur de, ten years' trading patent, with position of lieutenant-general, granted to,

;

conducts expedition to Acadia, 6;

patent cancelled, but renewed for one year, 7;

sails for Quebec, 8;

resigns lieutenancy, 12

Myrand, Ernest, author of

Frontenac et ses Amis

229

;

his work Sir William Phipps devant Quebec quoted, 293 (note);

on losses incurred in siege of Quebec by Phipps, 302 (note);

discusses question of Frontenac's portrait, 361

N

Nayouat, governor Villebon of Acadia establishes himself at,

327

"New Company," name given to trading company formed by inhabitants of Canada in 1645,

Newfoundland, English settlements in, attacked,

346

New France, Company of, see

Company

New York, British colony, plan for conquest of,

231

Nicholson, Francis, lieut.-governor of New York,

263

;

uprising against, 266

O

"Old Company," name applied to Company of New France after 1645,

Olier, M. Jean, founder of Sulpician order, obtains grant of Island of Montreal,

Oneida Indians, torture Father Millet,

216

;

party of, destroyed, 308;

three burnt alive, 309;

negotiate for peace, 324

Onondagas (Iroquois tribe), demand a French colony,

;

escape of colony, 41;

a number treacherously captured for king's galleys, 215;

their orator Teganissorens, 338;

campaign against, 350-3

Onontio (Big Mountain), name applied by Indians to French governors,

Orehaoué, Cayuga chief, brought back from France by Frontenac,

237

;

services rendered by, 315, 339

Ottawa Indians, keen for trade and cheap goods,

259

;

entertained at Quebec, 310

Ourouehati, Onondaga orator, otherwise known as Grande Gueule, Garangula, and Big Mouth, see

Big Mouth

P

Parkman, Francis, referred to,

320

Parliaments in France, subjection of, to royal power,

152

Pemaquid, Fort, destroyed 1689, rebuilt 1692,

328

;

taken by Iberville, 331

Pentagouet, fortress on western boundary of Acadia, captured by freebooters,

269

;

by New Englanders, 275

Permits, see

Trading Permits

Hunting Permits

Perrot, François Marie, succeeds Maisonneuve as governor of Montreal,

;

engages in illicit trading and shields coureurs de bois, 90;

his wife a niece of Talon, 90;

arrests Bizard, an officer of Frontenac's, 91;

summoned before Sovereign Council, 92;

arrested at Quebec, 93;

character and conduct, 96-7;

protests competency of Sovereign Council to try him, 99;

specially commended to Frontenac in a dispatch from minister, 101;

sent to France, 102;

allowed to return to Canada after brief imprisonment, 103;

removed to government of Acadia, 270;

continues to trade, 271;

dismissal and death, 272

Perrot, Rev. M.,

curé

of Montreal, disapproves of Abbé Fénelon's sermon,

Perrot, Nicolas, ordered to rendezvous at Sault with Indian allies,

181

186

187

;

arrives with contingent, 210;

accompanies Louvigny to Michilimackinac, 242;

exhibits Iroquois scalps, 243

Peuvret, clerk of the council, imprisoned by Frontenac,

135

Peyras, Jean Baptiste, member of Sovereign Council,

106

;

visits Acadia, 271

Phipps, Sir William, birth and early life,

272

;

conducts expedition against Acadia, 273;

captures Port Royal, but violates terms of surrender, 274;

ravages committed by his men, 274;

captures other Acadian posts, and establishes government, 275;

returns to Boston with prisoners and booty, 276;

sails from Nantasket, 279;

arrives at Quebec, 282;

demands surrender, 285-7;

his attack repulsed, 295;

decides on retreat, 299;

his estimate of his losses, 302;

disastrous return voyage, 303;

goes to England, 315;

returns as governor of Massachusetts, 328;

recall and death of, 331

Plet, cousin of La Salle, comes from France in connection with financial matters,

177

Pontchartrain, Marquis de, minister of marine,

(note)

Pontgravé, François de, voyages of, to St. Lawrence,

Port Hayes (Hudson's Bay), captured by Troyes,

206

Port Nelson, captured by Iberville,

345

;

retaken by English, 347;

again taken by Iberville, 349

Portneuf, M. de, commands war party from Quebec,

236

;

captures Fort Loyal, 252;

removed for peculation, 330

Port Royal (Annapolis), capital of Acadia,

270

;

captured by Phipps, 274

Prevost, town-major of Quebec,

257

;

strengthens defences, 284

Prévôté (provost's court) abolished 1674, re-established 1677,

107

Q

Quebec, foundation of,

;

capture of, by Kirke, 20;

restored to France, 23;

population of city in 1666, 56;

first ball given at, 59;

sea expedition planned against by New Englanders, 268-77;

defences strengthened, 284;

attack by squadron under Phipps, 285-300;

defences further strengthened, 326

Queylus, Rev. M. de, Sulpician, appointed vicar-general for Canada,

;

sent back to France by bishop Laval, 43

R

Radisson, Pierre Esprit, proceedings of, in Hudson's Bay,

204-5

Rageot, Gilles, clerk to attorney-general,

106

Rainsford, John, rescues comrades cast away on Anticosti,

304

Ramesay, M. de, commands militia in attack on Iroquois,

351

Rat, the, Kondiaronk, Huron Indian, wrecks peace negotiations with Iroquois,

222

Récollet missionaries, brought out by Champlain,

;

difficulties encountered by, 16;

not allowed to return to Canada after restoration to France, 25;

permitted to return, 1668, 72 (note);

favoured by Frontenac and La Salle, 162;

offer to serve the parishes without any fixed provision for their support, 165;

not greatly esteemed by the bishop, 165; missions, 166

Relations des Jésuites

, and note

Repentigny, band of Iroquois surprised and destroyed at,

308

Repentigny, M. de, goes to France on behalf of early colonists,

Representative institutions, complete absence of,

131-2

Richelieu, Cardinal, creates Company of New France,

Richelieu River, highway to Iroquois country,

;

fort erected at mouth of, 51

Rivière Ouelle, alleged repulse of party of New Englanders at,

291

Rochemonteix, Rev. P. Camille, S.J., on

Jesuit Relations

Rohault, M. de, establishes college for boys at Quebec,

Rooseboom, Johannes, of Albany, carries goods to Lake Indians,

201

Rupert, fort (Hudson's Bay), captured by Troyes,

206

Ryswick, Peace of, restores to England her Hudson's Bay ports,

349

S

Saco River, fort built at falls of,

329

Sagard, Théodat, Récollet, on bad examples shown by colonists to Indians,

Saint-Castin, Baron de,

329

and note;

leads Indians against fort Pemaquid, 331

Saint Simon, his statements regarding Frontenac,

Saint Vallier, M. de, chosen by Bishop Laval as his successor,

191

;

comes out to Canada first as vicar-general, 191;

his first impression of country and inhabitants, 192;

his revised opinion, 193, 220;

pays pastoral visit to Acadia (1686), 271;

issues mandate regarding the theatre, 337;

pays Frontenac 1000 francs on condition Tartuffe shall not be produced, 337

Salmon Falls, massacre of,

251

Salmon River, La Barre's expedition encamps at,

184

Savage, Major Thomas, third in command in Phipps's expedition,

281

Schenectady, massacre of,

245-8

Schuyler, Captain John, his raid on Laprairie,

281

;

comes to Quebec with news of peace, 354

Schuyler, Peter, commands expedition from Albany,

311

Sedgwick, Major Robert, seizes Acadia by Cromwell's orders,

268

Seignelay, Marquis de, succeeds his father, Colbert, in ministry of marine,

(note);

marries Mlle. d'Allegre, 111

Seigniories, establishment of,

Seminary (Quebec), establishment of,

Seneca Indians, show quarrelsome temper,

143

;

attack Illinois, 144;

enraged by murder of a chieftain on territory of Ottawas, 145;

accept terms of peace, 146;

attack canoes of French traders, 181;

Denonville's expedition against, 207-14

Serigny, Le Moyne de, goes to France on Hudson's Bay affairs,

345

Sévigné, Mme. de, her son-in-law candidate for governorship of Canada,

;

describes severities exercised on peasants in revolt in France, 150

Six Friends

, flagship of Phipps,

281

Soleil d'Afrique

, French frigate, brings supplies,

319

Sovereign Council, created,

;

reorganized, 105-6;

resembled a parliament in French sense, 131;

Frontenac claims to be styled President of, 133-40;

fixed prices of goods, 153

St. Cirque, M. de, killed at Laprairie,

312

St. Denis, Juchereau de, wounded in skirmish on Beauport flats,

294

Ste. Hélène, Le Moyne de, accompanies expedition to Hudson's Bay,

208

;

commands in war party against Schenectady, 235;

mortally wounded in skirmish on Beauport flats, 299

St. John's, Newfoundland, taken by Iberville,

347

St. Louis, fort, built by La Salle,

160

;

seized by La Barre, 179

Subercase, Lieutenant, in command at Lachine on occasion of massacre,

225

;

sent to Island of Orleans to watch Phipps, 303

Sulpicians, religious order, come to Montreal with Maisonneuve,

;

work of colonization done by, 56;

Frontenac friendly to, 74;

seigneurs of the Island of Montreal, 97;

their missions, 166, 168

Syndics, local representatives without votes provided for in first council,

T

Teganissorens (Decanisora), Onondaga orator,

338

Talon, Jean, intendant,

;

character, 54;

attitude to the clerical power, 55;

labours for the prosperity of the country, 55;

recalled at his own request, 60;

instructed to guard against ecclesiastical encroachments, 69;

secures permission for Récollets to return to Canada, 72

Temple, Sir Thomas, English governor of Acadia (1656),

268

Theatrical representations at Quebec,

336

Three Rivers, fort erected at,

;

population in 1666, 268

Thury, abbé, missionary to Abenaquis,

250

Tilly, Le Gardeur de, member of Sovereign Council,

106

Tonty, Henri, La Salle's lieutenant at Fort Crèvecoeur,

144

160

;

joins expedition against Iroquois, 209;

arrives from Illinois country with coureurs de bois, 325

Tracy, Marquis de, appointed king's lieutenant-general for all his possessions in America,

;

arrives at Quebec, 51;

marches against Iroquois (Mohawks), 53;

concludes peace, 53;

removes Maisonneuve from governorship of Montreal, 54;

is recalled, 54

Trading permits, issued by governor,

115

;

objected to by bishop as involving carrying of liquor to the Indians, 116;

prohibited by king, 116;

permitted under limitations, 128

Troyes, Chevalier de, leads expedition to Hudson's Bay,

205

;

joins expedition against Iroquois, 209;

in charge of fort at Niagara, 214

U

Urfé, abbé d', haughtily treated by Frontenac,

110

Ursuline Convent, Quebec, foundation of,

;

sister Margaret Bourgeoys urged to join, 39

V

Vaillant, Jesuit father, sent as negotiator to Albany,

218

Valrennes, M. de, commandant of Fort Frontenac,

233

;

tries to cut off retreat of Peter Schuyler at Chambly, 313

Vauban, M. de, French engineer, prepares plans for defence of Quebec,

326

Vaudreuil, M. de, acts as chief-of-staff to Governor Denonville,

209

;

acting governor of Montreal, 225;

surprises and destroys band of Indians at Repentigny, 308

Ventadour, Henri de Lévis, Duke of, lieutenant-general of New France,

Verchères, Mlle. Madeleine, defends fort against Iroquois,

319

Verreau, abbé, on attempt to civilize Indians,

168

;

on character of Frontenac, 360

Villebon, governor of Acadia, mentions burning of a prisoner,

328

Villeray, Louis Rouer de, first councillor,

106

;

Frontenac's opinion of, 110;

his right to title of "esquire" challenged by Frontenac, 139;

waits on Frontenac, 255, 256

Villieu, M. de, leads Abenaquis in attack on English settlements,

330

Vincent, Jesuit father, celebrates first mass at Montreal,

Vitre, Charles Denis de, member of Sovereign Council,

106

W

Walley, Major, second in command to Phipps,

281

;

lands with troops on Beauport flats, 292;

his forces suffer severely, 298;

draws off his men, leaving artillery behind, 300;

his explanation of defeat of expedition, 300

West India Company, creation of,

;

failure of, 149

Winthrop, Fitz-John, of Connecticut, commands expedition against Montreal,

279

;

arrives at Albany, and pushes on to Wood Creek, 280;

returns to Albany and to Hartford (Connecticut), 281

Wood Creek, expedition against Montreal encamps at,

280

FOOTNOTES:

Transcriber's Notes:

hyphenation, spelling and grammar have been preserved as in the original

Page 203, extirpating Protestanism ==> extirpating Protestantism

Page 249, that of Pemquid ==> that of Pemaquid

Page 250, fort at Pemquid ==> fort at Pemaquid

Page 287, much as may be, ==> much as may be.

Page 291, she tell us ==> she tells us

Page 307, the neigbourhood. ==> the neighbourhood.

Footnote 55, "hover" mouse to see Greek transliteration