Volume 1 — VOLUME I (continued 12)
E. C. (Elise C.) Otté translation
Solar system, general description, 90-154; its position in space, 89; its transistory motion, 145-150.
Solinus on mud volcanoes, 225.
Sommering on the fossil remains of the large vertebrata, 274.
Somerville, Mrs., on the volume of fire-balls and shooting stars, 116; faintness of light of planetary nebulae, 141.
Southern celestial hemisphere, its picturesque beauty, 85, 86.
Spontaneous generation, 345, 346.
Springs, hot and cold, 219-225; intermittent, 219; causes of their temperature, 220-222; thermal, 222, 345; deepest Artesian wells the warmest, observed by Arago, 223; salses, 224-226; influence of earthquake shocks on hot springs, 210, 222-224.
Stars, general account of, 85-90; fixed 89, 90, 104; double and multiple, 89, 147; nebulous, 85, 86, 151, 152; their translatory motion, 147-150; parallaxes and distances, 147-149; computations of Bessel and Herschel on their diameter and volume, 148; immense number in the Milky Way, 150, 151; star dust, 85; star gaugings, 150; starless spaces, 150, 152; telescopic stars, 152; velocity of the propagation of light of, 153, 154; apparition of new stars, 153.
Storms, magnetic and volcanic. See Magnetism, Volcanoes.
Strabo, observed the cessation of shocks of erthquake on the eruption of lava, 215; on the mode in which islands are formed, 227; description of the Hill of Methone, 240; volcanic theory, 243; divined the existence of a continent in the northern hemisphere between Theria and Thine, 289; extolled the varied form of our small continent as favorable to the moral and intellectual development of its people, 291, 292.
Struve, Otho, on the proper motion of the solar system, 146; investigations on the propagation of light, 153; parallaxes and distances of fixed stars, 153; observations on Halley's comet, 105.
Studer, Professor, on mineral metamorphism. See note by Translator, 248.
Sun, magnitude of its volume compared with that of the fixed stars, 136; obscuration of its disk, 132; rotation round the center of gravity of the whole solar system, 145; velocity of its translatory motion, 145; narrow limitations of its atmosphere as compared with the nucleus of other nebulous stars, 141; "sun stones" of the ancients, 122; views of the Greek philosophers on the sun, 122.
Symond, Lieut., his trigonometrical survey of the Dead Sea, 296, 297.
Tacitus, distinguished local climatic relations from those of race, 352.
Temperature of the globe, see Earth and Ocean; remarkable uniformity over the same spaces of the surface of the ocean, 303; zones at which occur the maxima of the oceanic temperature, 319; causes which lower the temperature, 319, 320; temperature of various places, annual, and in the different seasons, 322, 323-328; thermic scale of temperature, 324, 325; of continental climates as compared with insular and littoral climates, 321, 322; law of decrease with increase of elevation, 327; depression of, by shoals, 309; refrigeration of the lower strata of the ocean, 303.
Teneriffe, Peak of its striking scenery, 26.
Theodectes of Phaselis on the color of the Ethiopians, 353.
Theon of Alexandria described comets as "wandering light clouds," 100.
Theophylactus described Scythia as free from earthquakes, 204.
Thermal scales of cultivated plants, 324, 325.
Thermal springs, their temperature, constancy, and change, 221-224; animal and vegetable life in, 345.
Thermometer, 338.
Thibet, habitability of its elevated plateaux, 331, 332.
Thienemann on the Aurora, 197, 200.
Thought, results of its free action, 53, 54; union with language, 56.
Tiberias, Sea of, its depression below the level of the Mediterranean, 296.
Tides of the ocean, their phenomena, 305, 306.
Tillard, Capt., on the sudden appearance of the island of Sabrina, 242.
Tournefort, zones of vegetation on Mount Ararat, 347.
Tralles, his notice of the negative electricity of the air near high waterfalls, 336.
Translator, notes by, 29; on the increase of the earth's internal heat with increase of depth, 45; silicious infusoria and animalculites, 46; chemical analysis of an aerolite, 64; on the recent discoveries of planets, 90, 91; observed the comet of 1843, at New Bedford, Massachusetts, in bright sunshine, 101; on meteoric stones, 111; on a MS., said to be in the library of Christ's College, Cambridge, 124; on the term "salses," 161; on Holberg's satire, "Travels in the World under Ground," 171; on the Aurora Borealis of Oct. 24, 1847, 194, 195, 199; on the electricity of the atmosphere during the Aurora, 200; on volcanic phenomena, 203, 204; description of the seismometer, 205; on the great earthquake of Lisbon, 210; impression made on the natives and foreigners by earthquakes in Peru, 215; earthquakes at Lima, 216, 217; on the gaseous compounds of sulphur, 217, 218; on the Lake of Lasch, its craters, 218; on the emissions of inflammable gas in the district of Phasells, 233; on true volcanoes as distinguished from salses, 224; on the volcano of Pichincha, 228; on the hornitos de Jorullo, as seen by Humboldt, 230; general rule on the dimensions of craters, 230; on the ejection of fish from the volcano of Imbaburn, 223; on the little isle of Volcano, 234; volcanic steam of Pantellaria, 235; on Daubeney's work "On Volcanoes," 236; account of the island of Santorino, 241; on the vicinity of extinct volcanoes to the sea, 244; meaning of the Chinese term "li," 245; on mineral metamorphism, 248; on fossil human remains found in Guadaloupe, 250; on minerals artifically produced 267, 268; fossil organic structures, 271, 272; on Coprolites, 271; geognostic distribution of fossils, 276; fossil fauna of the Sewalik Hills, 278; thickness of coal measures, 281; on the amber pine forests of the Baltic, 283, 284; elevation of mountain chains, 286, 287; the dinornis of Owen, 287; depth of the atmosphere, 302; richness of organic life in the ocean, 309; on filaments of plants resembling the spermatozoa of animals, 341; on the Diatomaceae in the South Arctic Ocean, 343; on the distribution of the floras and faunas of the British Isles, 348, 349; on the origin and diffusion of the British flora, 353, 354.
Translatory motion of the solar system, 145-150.
Trogus, Pompeius, on the supposed necessity that volcanoes were dependent on their vicinity to the sea for their continuance, 243, 244; views of the ancients on spontaneous generation, 346.
Tropical latitudes, their advantages for the contemplation of nature, 33; powerful impressions from their organic richness and fertility, 34; facilities they present for a knowledge of the laws of nature 35; transparency of the atmosphere, 114; phosphorescence of the sea, 202.
Tschudi, Dr., extract from his "Travels in Peru." See Translator's note, 215, 216, 217.
Turner, note on Sir Isaac Newton, 132.
Universality of animated life, 342, 343.
Valz on the comet of 1618, 106.
Varenius, Bernhard, his excellent general and comparative Geography, 66, 67; edited by Newton, 66.
Vegetable world, as viewed with microscopic powers of vision, 341; its predominance over animal life, 343.
Vegetation, its varied distribution on the earth's surface, 29-31, 62; richness and fertility in the tropics, 33-35; zones of vegetation on the declivities of mountains, 29-32, 346-350. See Aetna, Cordilleras, Himalayas, Mountains.
Vico, satellites of Saturn, 96.
Vigne, measurement of Ladak, 322.
Vine, thermal scale of its cultivation, 324.
Volcanoes, 28, 30, 35, 159, 161, 214, 215, 224-248; author's application of the term volcanic, 45; active volcanoes, safety-valves for their immediate neighborhood, 214; volcanic eruptions, 161, 210-270; mud volcanoes or salses, 224-228; traces of volcanic action on the surface of the earth and moon, 228; influence of relations of height on the occurrence of eruptions, 228-233; volcanic storm, 233; volcanic ashes, 233; classification of volcanoes into central and linear, 238; theory of the necessity of their proximity to the sea, 243-246; geographical distribution of still active volcanoes, 245-247; metamorphic action on rocks, 247-249.
Vrolik, his anatomical investigations on the form of the pelvis, 352, 353.
Wagner, Rudolph, notes on the races of Africa, 352.
Walter on the decrease of volcanic activity, 215.
Wartmann, meteors, 113, 114.
Weber, his anatomical investigations on the form of the pelvis, 353.
Webster, Dr. (of Harvard College, U.S.), account of the island named Sabrina. See note by Translator, 242.
Winds, 315-321; monsoons, 316, 317; trade winds, 32-, 321; law of rotation, importance of its knowledge, 315-317.
Wine on the temperature required for its cultivation, 324; thermic table of mean annual heat, 325.
Wolleston on the limitation of the atmosphere, 302.
Wrangel, Admiral, on the brilliancy of the Aurora Borealis, coincident with the fall of shooting stars, 126, 127; observations of the Aurora, 197, 200; wood hills of the Siberian Polar Sea, 281.
Xenophanes of Colophon, described comets as wandering light clouds, 100; marine fossils found in marble quarries, 263.
Young, Thomas, earliest observer of the influence different kinds of rocks exercise on the vibrations of the pendulum, 168.
Yul-sung, described by Chinese writers as "the realm of pleasure," 332.
Zimmerman, Carl, hypsometrical remarks on the elevation of the Himalayas, 32.
Zodiacal light, conjectures on, 86-92; general account of, 137-144; beautiful appearance, 137, 138; first described in Childrey's Britannia Baconica, 138; probable causes, 141; intensity in tropical climates, 142.
Zones, of vegetation, on the declivities of mountains, 29-33; of latitude, their diversified vegetation, 62; of the southern heavens, their magnificence, 85, 86; polar, 197, 198.