FOOTNOTES:
Reading edition
[1]
Cf. Bell, "A Few Thoughts Concerning Eugenics." In National Geographic Magazine, March, 1908.
[2]
Maine, Early Law and Custom, p. 228.
[3]
Luckock, History of Marriage, p. 282.
[4]
Child, "On Marriages of Consanguinity," in Medico-Chirurgical Review, April, 1862, p. 469.
[5]
Webster, Collection of Essays and Fugitiv Writings on Moral, Historical, Political and Religious Subjects, 1790, p. 322.
[6]
See Transactions of the American Medical Association, 1858, pp. 321-425.
[7]
"Du Croisement des families," Mem. de la Société d'Anthropologie, vol. i, 1860-63, pp. 505-557.
[8]
See Morris: "On Marriages of Consanguinity," in Amer. Med. Times, Mar. 23, 1861.
[9]
See Bulletins de la Société d'Anthropologie, 1863, pp. 515-575; 1877, pp. 203-213.
[10]
"Marriages of First Cousins in England and their Effects," Journal Statistical Society, 1875, pp. 153-184.
[11]
Studj Sui Matrimonj Consanguinei. Quoted by Darwin, op. cit., p. 178.
[12]
"De los Matrimonios entre Parientes," Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, vol. ii, pp. 369-400.
[13]
See article in Cincinnati Gazette, Jan. 22, 1895.
[14]
Statistics and Sociology, p. 112.
[15]
Effect of Consanguinity upon the Organs of Special Sense, p. 4.
[16]
Dictionary of Statistics, p. 383.
[17]
Les Sourds-muets en Norvège. Quoted by Feer, p. 9.
[18]
Der Einfluss der Blutsverwandschaft der Eltern auf die Kinder, p. 9.
[19]
Mulhall, Dictionary of Statistics, p. 383.
[20]
Mulhall, op. cit., p. 383.
[21]
Ibid., p. 384.
[22]
Ibid., p. 384.
[23]
"Recherches sur les Mariages Consanguins et sur les Races Pures." in Bulletins de la Société d'Anthropologie, 1863, p. 527.
[24]
"Marriages between First Cousins in England and their Effects," in Journal of the Statistical Society, June, 1875. pp. 154 et seq.
[25]
Names of Persons for whom Marriage Licenses were issued by the Secretary of the Province of New York.
[26]
Cf. supra, p. 21.
[27]
See note, infra, p. 29.
[28]
Sex and Society, p. 12.
[29]
History of Human Marriage, p. 476.
[30]
Goehlert, Ueber die Vererbung der Haarfarben bei den Pferden. Quoted by Westermarck, p. 476.
[31]
Die Regulierung des Geschlechtsverhaeltnisses, pp. 243-244.
[32]
Das Geschlechtsverhaeltnis der Geburten in Preussen, pp. 24-25; in Staatswissenschaftliche Studien, vol. iii.
[33]
Dictionary of Statistics, op. cit., p. 383.
[34]
C.J. & J.N. Lewis, Natality and Fecundity, pp. 114-116.
[35]
Op. cit., p. 92.
[36]
Masculinity, Twelfth Census, Vital Statistics, Pt. 1. Per cent of cousin marriage, estimated.
[37]
Duesing, op. cit., p. 24.
[38]
Massachusetts Census, 103.1; Reg. 1891-1900, 105.6. Vermont Census, 108.1; Reg. 1890-1896, 105.9. Connecticut Census, 103.9; Reg. 1887-1891, 107.2. Rhode Island Census, 103.8; Reg. 1854-1901, 104.9.
[39]
Lewis and Lewis, op. cit., p. 128.
[40]
Bemiss, Report on Influence of Marriages of Consanguinity, pp. 420-423.
[41]
Huth, Marriage of Near Kin. Appendix.
[42]
Woods, Heredity in Royalty, pp. 74-75. The Great Elector, a great-grandson of William the Silent, married his 1-1/2 cousin, a granddaughter of William and also a great-granddaughter of Admiral Coligny. Frederick I married his second cousin, daughter of the Duchess Sophia of Brunswick, and a descendant of William. Frederick William I married his first cousin, Dorothea, granddaughter of Sophia, and also a descendant of William the Silent. Unfortunately the Hohenzollern line was continued by a mediocre brother of Frederick II, but through his sister, Queen Ulrica, the line of genius lasted still another generation to Gustavus III of Sweden.
[43]
See Darwin, "Marriages between First Cousins in England and Their Effects," Journal of Statistical Society, June, 1875, p. 178.
[44]
Boudin, "Croisement des familles, de races et des espèces." In Memoires de la Société d' Anthropologie, vol. i, p. 518.
[45]
Op. cit., p. 181.
[46]
De Lapouge, Les Selections Societies, p. 196.
[47]
Appointed to ascertain the number of the deaf and dumb, blind, idiotic and insane within the State.
[48]
See Bemiss, in Trans. of Am. Med. Asso., vol. xi, 1858, pp. 420-425.
[49]
Feer, Der Einfluss der Blutsverwandschaft der Eltern auf die Kinder, p. 12, note.
[50]
Ibid.
[51]
Bemiss. see Trans. of Am. Med. Asso., vol. xi, 1858, p. 323.
[52]
Marriage of Near Kin, chap. iv.
[53]
R.L. Dugdale, The Jukes
[54]
Ibid., Chart I.
[55]
Dugdale, op. cit., Chart II.
[56]
Dugdale, op. cit., p. 16.
[57]
McCulloch, Tribe of Ishmael.
[58]
Joerger, "Die Familie Zero." Reviewed by Gertrude C. Davenport, in the American Journal of Sociology, Nov., 1907.
[59]
Bemiss, see Trans. of Am. Med. Asso., vol. xi, 1858, p. 420.
[60]
The Blind and the Deaf. Special Report of 12th Census, 1906.
[61]
Barr, Mental Defectives, p. 18.
[62]
Ibid., p. 99.
[63]
Barr, op. cit., p. 301 et seq.
[64]
Barr, op. cit., p. 94.
[65]
Ibid., p. 109.
[66]
Darwin, see Jour. Stat. Soc., p. 173.
[67]
Huth, Marriage of Near Kin, pp. 210-211.
[68]
Darwin, op. cit., p. 166.
[69]
Barr, op. cit., p. 109.
[70]
Barr, op. cit., p. iii.
[71]
Bemiss, op. cit., p. 420.
[72]
Mayet, Verwandtenehe and Statistik, quoted by Feer, Der Einfluss der Blutsverwandschaft der Eltern auf die Kinder, p. 13.
[73]
Feer, op. cit., pp. 13-14.
[74]
Shattuck Memorials, p. 118.
[75]
U.S. Census, 1900, Special Report on the Blind and the Deaf.
[76]
U.S. Census, 1900, op. cit., p. 16.
[77]
U.S. Census, 1900, op. cit., p. 17.
[78]
Effect of Consanguinity upon the Organs of Special Sense, p. 4.
[79]
Der Einfluss der Blutsverwandschaft der Eltern auf die Kinder, p. 14.
[80]
From 1-1/2 to 2 per cent of all marriages were found to be between cousins within the degree of second cousins, and cousin marriages were found to be normally fertile.
[81]
Marriage of Near Kin, p. 229.
[82]
In a subsequent article Mr. Huth corrects some of these errors. See: "Consanguineous Marriage and Deaf-mutism," The Lancet, Feb. 10, 1900.
[83]
Huth, Marriage of Near Kin, p. 227.
[84]
Cf. supra, p. 42.
[85]
Huth, op. cit., p. 226.
[86]
Les Sourds-muets en Norvège. Quoted by Feer, Der Einfluss der Blutsverwandschaft der Eltern auf die Kinder, p. 22.
[87]
Feer, op. cit., p. 22.
[88]
U.S. Census Report on the Blind and the Deaf, p. 127.
[89]
Marriages of the Deaf in America, chap. v.
[90]
Of the 17 children of first cousins reported on my circulars as either totally or partially deaf, 9 are known to have had deaf ancestors.
[91]
Mr. Edgar Schuster (Biometrika, vol. iv, p. 465) finds from Dr. Fay's statistics that the average parental correlation (parent and child) of deafness is: paternal, .54; maternal, .535. English statistics of deafness give: paternal correlation, .515; maternal, .535. The fraternal correlation from the American data is .74 and from the English .70. See infra, p. 92.
[92]
U.S. Census Report on the Blind and the Deaf, p. 127.
[93]
Supra, p. 64.
[94]
Marriage—An Address to the Deaf, second edition, Appendix.
[95]
Trans. from Insucht und Vermischung beim Menschen, p. 46.
[96]
Pure Sociology, p. 232.
[97]
Pearson (Grammar of Science, p. 373) points out that variation does occur in asexual reproduction. But that sex is at least a powerful stimulus to variation can hardly be questioned.
[98]
Ward, op. cit., pp. 234-235.
[99]
Cf. supra, p. 66.
[100]
Royal Society Proceedings, vol. 66, p. 30.
[101]
Biometrika, vol. ii, p. 373.
[102]
Phil. Trans. of the Royal Society, vol. 195 A, p. 150.
[103]
Elderton and Pearson, "On the Measure of the Resemblance of First Cousins." Eugenics Laboratory Memoirs IV. Reviewed in Br. Med. Journal, Feb. 15, 1908.
[104]
Phil. Trans. of the Royal Society, vol. 195 A, p. 106.
[105]
Elderton and Pearson, op. cit.
[106]
Pearson and Lee, "On the Laws of Inheritance in Man," Biometrika, vol. ii, p. 387.
[107]
Ibid., p. 388.
[108]
Pearson, "On the Laws of Inheritance in Man," part 2, Biometrika, vol. iii, p. 154.
[109]
"Memoir upon the Formation of a Deaf Variety of the Human Race." Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. ii, pp. 177-262.