Front matter

PREPARED BY J. E. Ibberson, A. B. Mickalitis, J. E. Aughanbaugh and C. L. Morris

ILLUSTRATIONS BY J. M. Francis

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA · · DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA

DIAGRAM SHOWING FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF A TREE Courtesy of the New Tree Experts Manual by Richard R. Fenska

MEDULLARY RAYS

CONDUCT FOOD AND WATER RADIALLY, SERVE IN FOOD STORAGE

PITH

ANNUAL RINGS

INDICATE GROWTH, NORMALLY ONE RING PER YEAR

LEAVES

THE AIR SUPPLIES CARBON, THE PRINCIPAL FOOD OF THE TREE, WHICH IS TAKEN IN ON THE UNDER SURFACE OF THE LEAVES.

HEARTWOOD (INACTIVE CELLS)

ADDS STRUCTURAL SUPPORT

SAPWOOD

CARRIES FOOD AND WATER UPWARD

CAMBIUM

GROWING LAYER, CELLS DIVIDE HERE TO FORM BOTH BARK AND WOOD.

INNER BARK

CARRIES FOOD MADE IN THE LEAVES DOWNWARD TO CAMBIUM AND STORAGE CELLS.

OUTER BARK

INACTIVE CELLS FORM PROTECTION FOR INNER BARK

SOIL

BACTERIA AND FUNGI MAKE AVAILABLE SOIL NUTRIENTS

ROOTS

ABSORB FOOD ELEMENTS THROUGH THE TINY ROOT HAIRS, ALSO PROVIDE ANCHORAGE

i