Front matter

Technical Bulletin 117 Revised August 1969

Common Names of a Selected List of Plants

By Kling L. Anderson and Clenton E. Owensby

AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Kansas State University of Agriculture and Applied Science Manhattan Floyd W. Smith, Director

CONTENTS

Page

Index to common names 4

Grasses 18

Sedges, rushes, and related genera 27

Ferns and related genera 28

Other monocots 29

Legumes 30

Other dicot forbs 35

Woody plants 55

Common species names and their English meanings 60

Common Names of a Selected List of Plants[1]

Kling L. Anderson and Clenton E. Owensby[2]

Common names of plants often vary widely from place to place, even within rather limited areas. Frequently-occurring and widely-known species may have local names, or the same name may be used for several species. Common names, therefore, often fail to identify plants accurately. That makes it difficult to communicate about plants; the confusion may even discontinue attempts to convey ideas about the subject. Conversations may shift to a subject with an adequate common nomenclature.

Scientific names are essential in formal writing. When common names are to be used, as in less formal publications, scientific names must also be given either at the place where the common ones first appear in the paper, in a footnote, or in an appended list. Only scientific names identify the species for all readers. In completely informal writing for a broad area, scientific names may be omitted.

Since common names are so widely used, they should be used as uniformly as possible. The following common names are considered “standardized” for all writing in the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and may also be used as a guide in teaching. A single common name is given to each plant listed if it has such a name.

This list grew from an earlier Kansas list of grasses and legumes that emphasized chiefly range and pasture plants. It is extended here to include most plant families and genera that occur in Kansas and many species that do not necessarily occur in Kansas but may be important or closely related to those listed. Obviously, not all Kansas plants could be included, and therefore many minor plants have been omitted. Species not obviously important had to be somewhat arbitrary. Perhaps certain species listed could have been omitted and others not included might have been added. The list can, therefore, grow or be altered as need for change is shown. If further information on common names is needed, the Kelsey and Dayton 1942 edition of Standardized Plant Names[3] should be consulted.

Genus Common Names

In preparing this list, we attempted to give a single common name to each genus and to use it in connection with common names for each of the species listed under that genus. For example, brome for the genus, Bromus, and various species such as smooth brome and hairy brome. Thus, there are two words for species names. However, common names of some species are single words and may not bear the generic name at all; for example, switchgrass, curlymesquite, catchflygrass, darnel, needleandthread, berseem, and horsebean. Some genera have more than one common name, but in that case the genus is subdivided into different types, each with its own common name. For example, most species of the genus Panicum are called panicum, but certain others are witchgrass; Melica is melic, but bulbous species of that genus are called oniongrass; and Setaria is bristlegrass, but the name millet is applied to certain ones. Some poisonous species of Astragalus are called loco, but nonpoisonous ones are milkvetch and the selenium-gathering ones, poisonvetch. In a few cases the same common name is applied to two genera, but that generally occurs only when the genera involved are closely related. They may formerly have been considered a single genus.

The words tree, grass, bean, seed, etc. are combined with key words to make common names of many genera and species. Examples of the former are dropseed, cupgrass, tanglehead, peavine, wildindigo, coffeetree, and sensitivebriar; and of the latter, breadroot scurfpea, splitbeard bluestem, shortawn foxtail, and smoothseed wildbean. Hyphens are avoided except in a few cases where they are used to make spelling, meaning, or pronunciation more clearly understood. Some examples are s-curve threeawn, blue-eyedgrass, climbing-buckwheat, dutchmans-breeches, snow-on-the-mountain, fat-hen saltbrush, false-alyssum.

Species Common Names

The common name for an individual species is a contraction of the genus common name and, in most cases, a descriptive adjective for a particular species. An example is the common name for Bromus inermis The common name for the genus is brome and the descriptive adjective associated with the species name inermis is smooth, hence smooth brome is the common name for that species.

In many cases a satisfactory common name did not exist for a particular species, yet the species name’s English meaning described the plant well. Such plants were given common names based on the meaning of their species name. An example is Lygodesmia rostrata. It has no satisfactory common name. In this publication it is called beaked skeletonplant, based on the English meaning of rostrata and the accepted common name for the genus, skeletonplant.

Capitalization

In general, capitals are avoided for common plant names. They are not used where proper nouns are combined with such words as grass, tree, bean, etc., for example, bermudagrass, indiangrass, johnsongrass, but are used when the name is that of a country, state, or other place and is a separate word as in Virginia wildrye, Texas bean, California burclover, and Missouri milkvetch. They are not used, however, when the name is derived from a man’s name; for example, lambert crazyweed, dillen tickclover, chewings fescue, and lehmann lovegrass. Capitals are, of course, used for proper names of strains or varieties, but such usage is beyond the scope of this list. The few exceptions to all of these “rules” are dictated by firmly established usage.

Authorities

To identify each species as definitely as possible, authorities are given for scientific names. Authorities for grass names are from Hitchcock’s 1951 manual.[4] The others were compiled from various sources by Dr. L. C. Hulbert, Department of Botany, Kansas State University, chiefly from these sources: Gray’s Manual, 8th ed.,[5] The New Illustrated Britton and Brown,[6] and Harrington’s Manual.[7] Occasionally other sources were used for a few or for single species.

Since authorities were taken directly from the various sources without change, some differences in abbreviation occur. For example, Hitchcock’s manual abbreviates Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth as H.B.K., while most other manuals consulted use HBK. Certain other names may be spelled fully in one manual and abbreviated in others.

Common Name Sources

Several workers helped with selecting plants to be included and common names for them. For the most part, the common names are those used in Kelsey and Dayton, Standardized Plant Names (SPN).[8] However, common names of some species are so different and are so firmly entrenched in common usage that the names given in SPN could not be used in this list. An example is “broomsedge” for Andropogon virginicus. In SPN it is “yellowsedge bluestem,” a name never heard in the area this list serves.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Appreciation is expressed to those who aided in selecting both plants and their common names:

The late F. W. Albertson, Biology Department, Fort Hays Kansas State College

L. E. Anderson, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University, now at University of Missouri, Columbia

M. D. Atkins, S.C.S., Lincoln, Nebraska

J. K. Greig, Jr., Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

C. V. Hall, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

L. C. Hulbert, Division of Biology, Kansas State University

R. A. Keen, Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Kansas State University

J. L. Launchbaugh, Kansas Branch Agricultural Experiment Station, Hays, Kansas

E. L. Mader, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University

C. M. Schumacher, S.C.S., Lincoln, Nebraska

G. W. Tomanek, Biology Department, Fort Hays Kansas State College

H. D. Wilkins, Agronomy Department, Kansas State University

Special thanks go to Dr. John L. Launchbaugh for carefully editing the final draft.

FOOTNOTES:

INDEX TO COMMON NAMES

Genera only are listed in this index except where the common species name differs from the common name of its genus and does not include the latter. Scientific names are also shown.

Common Name Scientific Name Page

Acacia Acacia 30

Adderstongue Ophioglossum 28

Agoseris, wavyleaf Microseris cuspidata 47

Agrimony Agrimonia 35

Alfalfa Medicago 32

Alkaligrass Puccinellia 25

Alumroot Heuchera 44

Alyceclover Alysicarpus 30

Amaranth Amaranthus 35

Ammannia Ammannia 35

Amorpha Amorpha 30, 55

Amsonia Amsonia 35

Anemone Anemone 35

Antelopehorn Asclepiodora 37

Apple Pyrus 57

Arrowhead Sagittaria 30

Ash Fraxinus 57

Asparagus Asparagus 29

Aster Aster 37

Avens Geum 43

Baccharis Baccharis 56

Bagpod Glottidium 31

Bahia Bahia 37

Bahiagrass Paspalum notatum 24

Barberry Berberis 56

Barley Hordeum 22

Barnyardgrass Echinochloa crusgalli 21

Basketflower Centaurea americana 38

Basswood Tilia 59

Beachgrass Ammophila 18

Beakgrain Diarrhena 20

Bean Phaseolus 33

Bedstraw Galium 43

Beebalm Monarda 48

Beet Beta 37

Beggarticks Bidens 37

Bellflower Campanula 38

Bentgrass Agrostis 18

Bergia Bergia 37

Berlandiera Berlandiera 37

Bermudagrass Cynodon 20

Berseem Trifolium alexandrinum 34

Berula Berula 37

Betony Stachys 53

Bindweed Convolvulus 40

Birch Betula 56

Birdwoodgrass Cenchrus setigerus 20

Bittercress Cardamine 38

Bittersweet Celastrus 56

Bitterweed Hymenoxys odorata 45

Blackberry Rubus 58

Blackberrylily Belamcanda 29

Blackeyedsusan Rudbeckia hirta 51

Blackfoot Melampodium 47

Bladderfern Cystopteris 28

Bladdernut Staphylea 59

Bladderpod Lesquerella 46

Bladderwort Utricularia 54

Bloodroot Sanguinaria 52

Blowoutgrass Redfieldia 25

Blue-eyedgrass Sisyrinchium 30

Bluegrass Poa 24

Bluehearts Buchnera 38

Bluestem Andropogon; Bothriochloa 18

Bluets Houstonia 44

Blueweed Echium vulgare 41

Boltonia Boltonia 38

Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum 42

Bottlebrushgrass Hystrix 22

Bouncingbet Saponaria officinalis 52

Boxelder Acer negundo 55

Bracken Pteridium 28

Brickellia Brickellia 38

Bristlegrass Setaria 25

Broadbean Vicia faba 34

Brome Bromus 19

Broom Cytisus 31, 56

Broomcorn Sorghum bicolor var. technicum 25

Broomrape Orobanche 49

Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus 18

Broomweed Gutierrezia dracunculoides 43

Browneyedsusan Rudbeckia triloba 51

Browntopmillet Panicum ramosum 23

Buckbrush Symphoricarpos orbiculatus 59

Buckeye Aesculus 55

Buckhorn Plantago lanceolata 50

Buckthorn Rhamnus 58

Buckwheat Fagopyrum 42

Buffalogourd Cucurbita foetidissima 40

Buffalograss Buchloë 20

Buffelgrass Pennisetum ciliare 24

Bugleweed Lycopus 47

Bugseed Corispermum nitidum 40

Bulbostylis Bulbostylis 27

Bulrush Scirpus 28

Bumelia Bumelia 56

Bunchflower Melanthium 29

Bundleflower Desmanthus 31

Burclover Medicago 32

Burcucumber Sicyos 52

Burdock Arctium 36

Burgrass Tragus 26

Burhead Echinodorus 29

Burnweed Erechtites 41

Burragweed Franseria tomentosa 42

Burreed Sparganium 30

Burrograss Scleropogon 25

Bursage Franseria 42

Buttercup Ranunculus 51

Butternut Juglans cinerea 57

Buttonbush Cephalanthus 56

Buttonweed Diodia 41

Cabbage Brassica oleracea 38

Calceolaria Hybanthus 45

Caltrop Kallstroemia 45

Camas Camassia 29

Camomile Anthemis 36

Camphorweed Heterotheca 44

Canarygrass Phalaris 24

Cane Arundinaria 19

Cardinalflower Lobelia cardinalis 47

Cardinalflower, western Lobelia splendens 47

Carpetgrass Axonopus 19

Carpetweed Mollugo 48

Carrot Daucus 41

Castorbean Ricinus 51

Catalpa Catalpa 56

Catchfly, sleepy Silene antirrhina 52

Catchflygrass Leersia lenticularis 22

Catnip Nepeta cataria 48

Cattail Typha 30

Ceanothus Ceanothus 56

Centaurea Centaurea 38

Centipedegrass Eremochloa 21

Cerastium Cerastium 38

Charlock Brassica kaber 38

Cheat Bromus secalinus 20

Cherry Prunus 57

Chervil Chaerophyllum 38

Chickencorn Sorghum bicolor var. drummondii 25

Chickpea Cicer 31

Chickweed Stellaria media 54

Chicory Cichorium 39

Chineselantern Physalis lobata 50

Chloris Chloris 20

Chokecherry Prunus virginiana 57

Cholla Opuntia 48

Christmasfern Polystichum acrostichoides 29

Cinquefoil Potentilla 51

Circaea Circaea 39

Clammyweed Polanisia 50

Clearweed Pilea 50

Clematis Clematis 39

Cleomella Cleomella 39

Cliffbrake Pellaea 28

Climbing-buckwheat Polygonum convolvulus 50

Climbingmilkweed Ampelamus albidus 35

Cloakfern Notholaena 28

Clover Trifolium 34

Cockle, white Lychnis alba 47

Cocklebur Xanthium 55

Cockspur Echinochloa 21

Coffeetree Gymnocladus 32, 57

Cogongrass Imperata 22

Collinsia Collinsia 39

Columbine Aquilegia 36

Comandra Comandra 39

Compassplant Silphium laciniatum 53

Coneflower Dracopis; Rudbeckia 41, 51

Conyza Conyza 40

Copperleaf Acalypha 35

Cordgrass Spartina 25

Coreopsis Coreopsis 40

Corkwing, mountain Cymopterus montanus 40

Corn Zea 26

Corncockle Agrostemma 35

Cornflower Centaurea cyanus 38

Cornsalad Valerianella 54

Corydalis Corydalis 40

Cotton Gossypium 44

Cottontop Trichachne 26

Cottonwood Populus 57

Cowlily Nuphar 48

Cowpea Vigna 35

Crabapple Pyrus 57

Crabgrass Digitaria 20

Crazyweed Oxytropis 33

Creeper Parthenocissus 57

Cress, hoary Cardaria draba 38

Cristatella Cristatella 40

Crotalaria Crotalaria 31

Croton Croton 40

Crotonopsis Crotonopsis 40

Crowfoot Ranunculus 51

Crownbeard Verbesina 55

Crownvetch Coronilla 31

Cryptantha Cryptantha 40

Cudweed Gnaphalium 43

Culversphysic Veronicastrum virginicum 55

Cupgrass Eriochloa 21

Cuphea Cuphea 40

Curlymesquite Hilaria belangeri 22

Currant Ribes 58

Cutgrass Leersia 22

Cyclanthera Cyclanthera 40

Cymopterus Cymopterus 40

Dalea Dalea 31

Dallisgrass Paspalum dilatatum 24

Dandelion Taraxacum 54

Danthonia Danthonia 20

Darnel Lolium temulentum 22

Datura Datura 41

Dayflower Commelina 29

Deathcamas Zygadenus 30

Deervetch Lotus 32

Devilsclaw Proboscidea 51

Dewberry Rubus 58

Dianthera Justicia 45

Diaperia Diaperia 41

Dicliptera Dicliptera 41

Ditaxis Ditaxis 41

Dock Rumex 51

Dodder Cuscuta 40

Dogbane Apocynum 36

Dogtail Cynosurus 20

Dogweed Dyssodia 41

Dogwood Cornus 56

Draba Draba 41

Dropseed Sporobolus 25

Ducksmeat Spirodela 30

Duckweed Lemna 29

Dutchmans-breeches Dicentra cucullaria 41

Dutchmanspipe Aristolochia 36

Dwarfdandelion Krigia 45

Echinacea Echinacea 41

Echinocereus Echinocereus 41

Einkorn Triticum monococcum 26

Elderberry Sambucus 59

Elephantsfoot Elephantopus 41

Ellisia Ellisia 41

Elm Ulmus 59

Elodea Elodea 29

Emmer Triticum dicoccum 26

Engelmanndaisy Engelmannia 41

Eriogonum Eriogonum 42

Eryngo Eryngium 42

Erysimum Erysimum 42

Eulophus Perideridia 49

Euonymus Euonymus 56

Eupatorium Eupatorium 42

Euphorbia Euphorbia 42

Eveningprimrose Oënothera 48

Evolvulus Evolvulus 42

False-alyssum Berteroa 37

Falseboneset Kuhnia eupatorioides 45

Falsebuffalograss Munroa 23

Falsedandelion Pyrrhopappus 51

Falseflax Camelina 38

Falsegarlic Nothoscordum 29

Falsegrape Ampelopsis 55

Falsenettle Boehmeria 38

Falsenightshade Chamaesaracha 39

Falsepennyroyal Hedeoma 44

Falsepimpernel Lindernia 46

Fameflower Talinum 54

Fawnlily Erythronium 29

Feathergrass, New Mexico Stipa neomexicana 26

Feathertop Pennisetum villosum 24

Fenugreek Trigonella foenum-graecum 34

Fescue Festuca 21

Figwort Scrophularia 52

Filaree Erodium cicutarium 42

Filbert Corylus 56

Fimbristylis Fimbristylis 27

Fingergrass Digitaria 20

Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium 41

Flatsedge Cyperus 27

Flaveria Flaveria 42

Flax Linum 46

Fleabane Erigeron 41

Flowerofanhour Hibiscus trionum 44

Fluffgrass Tridens pulchellus 26

Fluxweed Isanthus 45

Fogfruit, wedgeleaf Lippia lanceolata 46

Forgetmenot Myosotis 48

Fountaingrass Pennisetum ruppelii 24

Four-o’clock Mirabilis 48

Foxtail Alopecurus 18

Fringeorchid Habenaria 29

Fuirena Fuirena 27

Funnellily Androstephium 29

Gaillardia Gaillardia 43

Galleta Hilaria jamesii 22

Galleta, big Hilaria rigida 22

Gamagrass Tripsacum 26

Garlic Allium 29

Garlicmustard Alliaria 35

Gaura Gaura 43

Gayfeather Liatris 46

Gentian Gentiana 43

Geranium Geranium 43

Gerardia Gerardia 43

Germander Teucrium 54

Ghostpipe Orobanche uniflora 49

Gianthyssop Agastache 35

Giantreed Arundo 19

Gilia Gilia 43

Ginkgo Ginkgo 57

Globemallow Sphaeralcea 53

Goatgrass Aegilops 18

Goldaster Chrysopsis 39

Goldenrod Solidago 53

Goldenweed Haplopappus 44

Goldstargrass Hypoxis hirsuta 29

Gooseberry Ribes 58

Goosefoot Chenopodium 39

Goosegrass Eleusine 21

Grama Bouteloua 19

Grape Vitis 59

Greasewood Sarcobatus 59

Greenbriar Smilax 30

Greenthread Thelesperma 54

Gromwell Lithospermum 46

Groundcherry Physalis 49

Groundivy Glechoma hederacea 43

Groundsel Senecio 52

Guineagrass Panicum maximum 23

Gumweed Grindelia 43

Hackberry Celtis 56

Hairgrass Aira; Deschampsia 18, 20

Hairsedge bulbstyle Bulbostylis cappillaris 27

Hardinggrass Phalaris tuberosa var. stenoptera 24

Haresear Conringia 40

Hawkweed Hieracium 44

Hawthorn Crataegus 56

Hazel Corylus 56

Hedgehyssop Gratiola 43

Hedgemustard Sisymbrium officinale 53

Heliopsis Heliopsis 44

Heliotrope Heliotropium 44

Hemicarpha Hemicarpha 28

Hemp Cannabis 38

Henbit Lamium amplexicaule 46

Hibiscus Hibiscus 44

Hickory Carya 56

Hilaria Hilaria 22

Hoarhound Marrubium 47

Hogpeanut Amphicarpa 30

Holly Ilex 57

Hollyfern Polystichum 28

Honeylocust Gleditsia 31, 57

Honeysuckle Lonicera 47, 57

Hop Humulus 45

Hophornbeam Ostrya 57

Hoptree Ptelea 57

Hornwort Ceratophyllum 38

Horsebean Vicia faba var. equina 34

Horsegentian Triosteum 54

Horsenettle Solanum carolinense 53

Horseradish Armoracia lapathifolia 36

Horsetail Equisetum 28

Horseweed Conyza canadensis 40

Houndstongue Cynoglossum 40

Hyacinthbean Dolichos 31

Hymenopappus Hymenopappus 45

Hymenoxys Hymenoxys 45

Hyparrhenia Hyparrhenia 22

Indiangrass Sorghastrum 25

Indianplantain Cacalia 38

Indigo Indigofera 32

Iris Iris 29

Ironplant Haplopappus spinulosus 44

Ironweed Vernonia 55

Isopyrum Isopyrum 45

Jackinthepulpit Arisaema 29

Japanesemillet Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea 21

Jaragua Hyparrhenia rufa 22

Jerusalemartichoke Helianthus tuberosus 44

Jimsonweed Datura stramonium 41

Jobstears Coix 20

Joepyeweed Eupatorium 42

Johnnyjumpup Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii 55

Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 25

Jointtail Manisuris 22

Junegrass Koeleria 22

Juniper Juniperus 57

Kale Brassica oleracea var. acephala 38

Kidneyvetch Anthyllis 30

Kikuyugrass Pennisetum clandestinum 24

Knapweed, Russian Centaurea repens 38

Knotgrass Paspalum distichum 24

Knotweed Polygonum 50

Kochia Kochia 45

Krameria Krameria 45

Kudzu Pueraria 33

Kuhnia Kuhnia 45

Lacegrass Eragrostis capillaris 21

Ladiestresses Spiranthes 30

Ladyslipper Cypripedium 29

Lambsquarters Chenopodium album 39

Larkspur Delphinium 41

Lawngrass, Japanese Zoysia japonica 26

Leadplant Amorpha canescens 30, 55

Lentil Lens 32

Lespedeza Lespedeza 32, 57

Lettuce Lactuca 46

Licorice Glycyrrhiza 32

Lilac Syringa 59

Lily Lilium 29

Linden Tilia 59

Lionsheart Physostegia 50

Lipfern Cheilanthes 28

Lippia Lippia 46

Lobelia Lobelia 47

Loco Astragalus 30

Locust Robinia 34, 58

Lomatium Lomatium 47

Longtom Paspalum lividum 24

Loosestrife Lysimachia 47

Lophotocarpus Lophotocarpus 29

Lopseed Phryma 49

Lotus Nelumbo 48

Lovegrass Eragrostis 21

Lupine Lupinus 32

Lythrum Lythrum 47

Macuillamia Bacopa 37

Maidenhairfern Adiantum 28

Malacothrix Malacothrix 47

Mallow Malva 47

Mamillaria Mamillaria 47

Manillagrass Zoysia matrella 26

Mannagrass Glyceria 22

Maple Acer 55

Marbleseed Onosmodium 48

Marshfern Dryopteris thelypteris 28

Mascarenegrass Zoysia tenuifolia 26

Matgrass Nardus 23

Matrimonyvine Lycium halimifolium 57

Mayapple Podophyllum 50

Meadowrue Thalictrum 54

Medic Medicago 32

Melic Melica 22

Mentzelia Mentzelia 47

Mesquite Prosopis 33, 57

Milkvetch Astragalus 30

Milkweed Asclepias 36

Millet Panicum; Setaria 25

Mint Mentha 47

Mitchellgrass Astrebla 19

Mockbishopweed Ptilimnium 51

Mockcucumber Echinocystis 41

Molassesgrass Melinis 22

Moneywort Lysimachia nummularia 47

Monkeyflower Mimulus 47

Monolepis Monolepis 48

Moonseed Menispermum 47

Morningglory Ipomoea 45

Motherwort Leonurus 46

Mountainash Sorbus 59

Mountainmint Pycnanthemum 51

Mousetail Myosurus 48

Mudplantain Heteranthera 29

Muhly Muhlenbergia 22

Mulberry Morus 57

Mullein Verbascum 54

Muskthistle Carduus nutans 38

Mustard Brassica 38

Naiad Najas 29

Nailwort Paronychia 49

Napiergrass Pennisetum purpureum 24

Nasturtium Nasturtium 48

Natalgrass Rhynchelytrum roseum 25

Needleandthread Stipa comata 26

Needlegrass Stipa 26

Nemastylis Nemastylis 29

Nepeta Nepeta 48

Nettle Urtica 54

Nightshade Solanum 53

Nimblewill Muhlenbergia schreberi 23

Nitgrass Gastridium 22

Noseburn Tragia 54

Nutgrass Cyperus 27

Oak Quercus 58

Oakleech Dasistoma 41

Oat Avena 19

Oatgrass Arrhenatherum 19

Okra Hibiscus esculentus 44

Onion Allium 29

Oniongrass Melica 22

Orach, tumbling Atriplex rosea 37

Orchardgrass Dactylis 20

Orcuttia Orcuttia 23

Oregongrape Mahonia aquifolium 57

Osageorange Maclura 57

Othake Palafoxia 49

Oxalis Oxalis 49

Oxeyedaisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum 39

Paintbrush Castilleja 38

Paleseed Conobea 40

Pampasgrass Cortaderia 20

Pangolagrass Digitaria decumbens 20

Panicum Panicum 23

Paperflower Psilostrophe 51

Pappusgrass Pappophorum 24

Paragrass Panicum purpurascens 23

Parrotfeather Myriophyllum 48

Parsnip Pastinaca 49

Parthenium Parthenium 49

Partridgepea Cassia 31

Paspalum Paspalum 24

Pawpaw Asimina 55

Pea Pisum 33

Peanut Arachis 30

Pear Pyrus communis 57

Pearlmillet Pennisetum glaucum 24

Pearlwort Sagina 52

Peashrub Caragana 31, 56

Peavine Lathyrus 32

Pecan Carya illinoensis 56

Pectis Pectis 49

Pedicularis Pedicularis 49

Pellitory Parietaria 49

Pencilflower Stylosanthes 34

Pennisetum Pennisetum 24

Pennycress Thlaspi 54

Penstemon Penstemon 49

Penthorum Penthorum 49

Peppergrass Lenidium densiflorum 46

Pepperweed Lepidium 46

Pepperwort Marsilea 28

Perilla Perilla 49

Persimmon Diospyros 56

Phacelia Phacelia 49

Phlox Phlox 49

Pigeonpea Cajanus 31

Pigweed Amaranthus 35

Pimpernel Anagallis 35

Pinedropseed Blepharoneuron 19

Pinegrass Calamagrostis rubescens 20

Pinweed Lechea 46

Plantain Plantago 50

Plum Prunus 57

Plumegrass Erianthus 21

Poisonhemlock Conium maculatum 40

Poisonivy Rhus radicans 58

Poisonvetch Astragalus 30

Pokeberry Phytolacca 50

Polemonium Polemonium 50

Polygala Polygala 50

Polypogon Polypogon 25

Polytaenia Polytaenia 50

Pondweed Potamogeton 29

Poolmat Zannichellia 30

Poplar Populus 57

Poppymallow Callirhoë 38

Porcupinegrass Stipa spartea 26

Portulaca Portulaca 50

Potato Solanum tuberosum 53

Potatobean Apios 30

Prairieclover Petalostemum 33

Prairieconeflower Ratibida 51

Prairiegentian Eustoma 42

Pricklyash Xanthoxylum 59

Pricklypear Opuntia 48

Pricklypoppy Argemone 36

Princesplume Stanleya 53

Proso Panicum miliaceum 23

Puncturevine Tribulus 54

Purplerocket Iodanthus 45

Purpletop Tridens flavus 26

Purslane Portulaca 50

Pussytoes Antennaria 35

Quackgrass Agropyron repens 18

Quakinggrass Briza 19

Quickweed Galinsoga 43

Quillwort Isoëtes 28

Rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus 56

Radish Raphanus 51

Ragweed Ambrosia 35

Rainlily Cooperia 29

Rape Brassica rapa 38

Raspberry Rubus 58

Rattlesnakefern Botrychium 28

Rattlesnakeroot Prenanthes 51

Ravennagrass Erianthus ravennae 21

Razorsedge Scleria 28

Redbud Cercis 31, 56

Redcedar Juniperus virginiana 57

Redtop Agrostis alba 18

Reed Phragmites 24

Reedgrass Calamagrostis 20

Rhodesgrass Chloris gayana 20

Rhubarb Rheum 51

Rice Oryza 23

Ricegrass Oryzopsis 23

Ricegrass, Mandan X Striporyzopsis caduca 26

Ringwing Cycloloma 40

Rockcress Arabis 36

Rocket Hesperis 44

Rocketsalad Eruca 42

Rockjasmine Androsace 35

Rose Rosa 58

Rosegentian Sabatia 52

Rosemallow Hibiscus 44

Rosinweed Silphium 53

Rotala Rotala 51

Ruellia Ruellia 51

Rush Juncus 28

Rushpea Hoffmanseggia 32

Russianolive Elaeagnus 56

Russianthistle Salsola 52

Rutabaga Brassica rapa 38

Rye Secale 25

Ryegrass Lolium 22

Sacaton Sporobolus 25, 26

Safflower Carthamus 38

Sage Salvia 52

Sagebrush Artemisia 36, 55

Sagewort Artemisia 36

Sainfoin Onobrychis 33

Salsify Tragopogon 54

Saltbush Atriplex 37, 55

Saltgrass Distichlis 21

Samolus Samolus 52

Sandbur Cenchrus 20

Sandgrass Triplasis 26

Sandreed Calamovilfa 20

Sandverbena Abronia 35

Sandwort Arenaria 36

Sanicle Sanicula 52

Sassafras Sassafras 59

Scouringrush Equisetum 28

Scurfpea Psoralea 33

Seablite Suaeda 54

Sedge Carex 27

Seedbox Ludwigia 47

Seepweed Suaeda 54

Selenia Selenia 52

Selfheal Prunella 51

Senna Cassia 31

Sensitivebriar Schrankia 34

Sensitivefern Onoclea 28

Serradella Ornithopus 33

Serviceberry Amelanchier 55

Sesame Sesamum 52

Sesbania Sesbania 34

Shepherdspurse Capsella 38

Shootingstar Dodecatheon 41

Sicklepod Arabis canadensis 36

Sida Sida 52

Silene Silene 52

Silvergrass Miscanthus 22

Sisymbrium Sisymbrium 53

Skeletongrass Gymnopogon 22

Skeletonplant Lygodesmia 47

Skullcap Scutellaria 52

Sleepygrass Stipa robusta 26

Sloughgrass Beckmannia 19

Smartweed Polygonum 50

Smilograss Oryzopsis miliacea 23

Smutgrass, rattail Sporobolus poiretii 26

Snailseed Cocculus 39

Snakecotton Froelichia 43

Snakeroot, white Eupatorium rugosum 42

Snakeweed Gutierrezia 43, 57

Snapweed Impatiens 45

Sneezeweed Helenium 44

Snowberry Symphoricarpos 59

Snow-on-the-mountain Euphorbia marginata 42

Soapberry Sapindus 59

Soapweed Yucca 30, 59

Soapwort Saponaria 52

Solomonplume Smilacina 30

Solomonseal Polygonatum 29

Sophora Sophora 34

Sorghum Sorghum 25

Sorrel Rumex 51

Sowthistle Sonohus 53

Soybean Glycine 31

Spanishneedles Bidens bipinnata 37

Speedwell Veronica 55

Spermolepis Spermolepis 53

Spiderflower Cleome 39

Spiderwort Tradescantia 30

Spikesedge Eleocharis 27

Spleenwort Aspleninum 28

Sprangletop Leptochloa 22

Springbeauty Claytonia 39

Spurge Euphorbia 42

Squirreltail Sitanion 25

St. augustinegrass Stenotaphrum 26

St. johnswort Hypericum 45

Stargrass Cynodon plectostachyum 20

Stenosiphon Stenosiphon 54

Stickseed Hackelia; Lappula 44, 46

Stillingia Stillingia 54

Stinkgrass Eragrostis cilianensis 21

Stonecrop Sedum 52

Strawberry Fragaria 42

Sudangrass Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense 25

Sugarcane Saccharum 25

Sulla Hedysarum 32

Sumac Rhus 58

Sumpweed Iva 45

Sunflower Helianthus 44

Sunrose Helianthemum 44

Sweetclover Melilotus 33

Sweetflag Acorus 29

Sweetpea Lathyrus odoratus 32

Sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas 45

Sweetroot Osmorhiza 49

Switchgrass Panicum virgatum 24

Sycamore Platanus 57

Taenidia Taenidia 54

Tamarisk Tamarix 59

Tangierpea Lathyrus tingitanus 32

Tanglehead Heteropogon 22

Tansy Tanacetum 54

Tansymustard Descurainia 41

Teff Eragrostis tef 21

Teosinte Euchlaena 21

Tephrosia Tephrosia 34

Thaspium Thaspium 54

Thatchgrass Hyparrhenia hirta 22

Themeda Themeda 26

Thermopsis Thermopsis 34

Thimbleberry, fragrant Rubus odoratus 58

Thistle Cirsium 39

Threeawn Aristida 19

Tickclover Desmodium 31

Tickseed Corispermum 40

Tidestromia Tidestromia 54

Timothy Phleum 24

Toadflax Linaria 46

Tobacco Nicotiana 48

Tobosa Hilaria mutica 22

Tomato Lycopersicum 47

Toothwort Dentaria 41

Torpedograss Panicum repens 23

Tovara Tovara 54

Townsendia Townsendia 54

Treeofheaven Ailanthus 55

Trefoil Lotus 32

Trichloris Trichloris 26

Tridens Tridens 26

Trigonella Trigonella 34

Trisetum Trisetum 26

Trumpetcreeper Campsis 56

Tumblegrass Schedonnardus 25

Tumblemustard Sisymbrium altissimum 53

Tumbleweed Amaranthus graecizans 35

Turnip Brassica napus 38

Uniola Uniola 26

Vaseygrass Paspalum urvillei 24

Velvetbean Stizolobium 34

Velvetgrass Holcus 22

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti 35

Venuslookingglass Specularia 53

Verbena Verbena 54

Vernalgrass Anthoxanthum 18

Vetch Vicia 34

Viburnum Viburnum 59

Vinemesquite Panicum obtusum 23

Violet Viola 55

Virginsbower Clematis virginiana 39

Wahoo, eastern Euonymus atropurpureus 56

Walkingfern Camptosorus 28

Walnut Juglans 57

Watercress Rorippa 51

Waterhemlock Cicuta 39

Waterhemp Acnida 35

Waterhyssop, disk Bacopa rotundifolia 37

Waterleaf Hydrophyllum 45

Waterlily Nymphaea 48

Waterplantain Alisma 29

Waterprimrose Jussiaea 45

Waterstarwort Callitriche 38

Wedgescale Sphenopholis 25

Westerndaisy Astranthium 37

Wheat Triticum 26

Wheatgrass Agropyron 18

Whitegrass Leersia virginica 22

Widgeongrass Ruppia 30

Wildbean Strophostyles 34

Wildginger Asarum 36

Wildindigo Baptisia 31

Wildrice Zizania; Zizaniopsis 26

Wildrye Elymus 21

Willow Salix 58

Willowweed Epilobium 41

Windmillgrass Chloris verticillata 20

Wingstem Verbesina alternifolia 55

Wintercress Barbarea 37

Winterfat Eurotia 56

Wirelettuce Stephanomeria 54

Wisteria Wisteria 35, 59

Witchgrass Leptoloma; Panicum 22, 23

Witchweed Striga lutea 54

Wolffia Wolffia 30

Wolftail Lycurus 22

Woodfern Dryopteris 28

Woodnettle Laportea 46

Woodreed Cinna 20

Woodsia Woodsia 28

Yam Dioscorea 29

Yarrow Achillea 35

Yerbadetajo Eclipta alba 41

Zinnia Zinnia 55

Zizia Zizia 55

Zoysia Zoysia 26

GRASSES

Aegilops cylindrica Host goatgrass

Agropyron Gaertn. wheatgrass

cristatum[9] (L.) Gaertn. fairway w.

dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn. thickspike w.

desertorum[9] (Fisch.) Schult. crested w.

elongatum[10] (Host) Beauv. tall w.

inerme (Scribn. & Smith) Rydb. beardless w.

intermedium[11] (Host) Beauv. intermediate w.

repens (L.) Beauv. quackgrass

riparium Scribn. & Smith streambank w.

semicostatum (Steud.) Nees ex Boiss. drooping w.

sibiricum (Willd.) Beauv. Siberian w.

smithii Rydb. western w.

spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith bluebunch w.

subsecundum (Link) Hitchc. bearded w.

trachycaulum (Link) Malte slender w.

trichophorum[11] (Link) Richt. pubescent w.

Agrostis L. bentgrass

alba L. redtop

canina L. velvet b.

diegoensis Vasey thin b.

exarata Trin. spike b.

hiemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. winter b.

palustris Huds. creeping b.

tenuis Sibth. colonial b.

var. aristata (Parnell) Druce awned c. b.

Aira caryophyllea L. silver hairgrass

Alopecurus L. foxtail

aequalis Sobol. shortawn f.

arundinaceus Poir. creeping f.

carolinianus Walt. Carolina f.

myosuroides Huds. mouse f.

pratensis L. meadow f.

Ammophila Host beachgrass

arenaria (L.) Link European b.

breviligulata Fernald American b.

Andropogon L. bluestem

barbinodis Lag. cane b.

elliotti Chapm. elliott b.

gerardi Vitman big b.

glomeratus (Walt.) B.S.P. bushy b.

hallii Hack. sand b.

intermedius R. Brown[12] caucasian b.

ischaemum L.[13] Turkestan b.

nodosus (Willem.) Nash angleton b.

perforatus Trin. ex Fourn. pinhole b.

saccharoides Swartz silver b.

scoparius Michx. little b.

tener (Nees) Kunth slender b.

ternarius Michx. splitbeard b.

virginicus L. broomsedge

Anthoxanthum odoratum L. sweet vernalgrass

Aristida L. threeawn

adscensionis L. sixweeks t.

arizonica Vasey Arizona t.

basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey forktip t.

curtissii (A. Gray) Nash curtiss t.

desmantha Trin. & Rupr. curly t.

dichotoma Michx. churchmouse t.

divaricata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. poverty t.

fendleriana Steud. fendler t.

intermedia Scribn. & Ball kearney t.

longespica Poir. slimspike t.

longiseta Steud. red t.

oligantha Michx. prairie t.

orcuttiana Vasey single t.

purpurascens Poir. arrowfeather t.

purpurea Nutt. purple t.

ramosissima Engelm. ex A. Gray s-curve t.

wrightii Nash wright t.

Arrhenatherum Beauv. oatgrass

elatius (L.) Presl tall o.

var. bulbosum (Willd.) Spenner tuber o.

Arundinaria Michx. cane

gigantea (Walt) Muhl. giant c.

tecta (Walt) Muhl. switch c.

Arundo donax L. giantreed

Astrebla pectinata F.v.M.[14] mitchellgrass

Avena L. oat

barbata Brot. slender o.

byzantina C. Koch red o.

fatua L. wild o.

nuda L. naked o.

sativa L. common o.

Axonopus affinis Chase carpetgrass

Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fernald American sloughgrass

Blepharoneuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash pinedropseed

Bouteloua Lag. grama

barbata Lag. sixweeks g.

chondrosioides (H.B.K.) Benth. ex S. Wats. sprucetop g.

curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. sideoats g.

eriopoda (Torr.) Torr. black g.

filiformis (Fourn.) Griffiths slender g.

gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud. blue g.

hirsuta Lag. hairy g.

rothrockii Vasey rothrock g.

Briza L. quakinggrass

maxima L. big q.

media L. perennial q.

minor L. little q.

Bromus L. brome

arenarius Labill. Australian b.

arvensis L. field b.

brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey. rattle b.

carinatus[15] Hook. & Arn. mountain b.

catharticus Vahl. rescue b.

ciliatus[16] L. fringed b.

commutatus Schrad. hairy b.

erectus Huds. meadow b.

frondosus (Shear) Woot. & Standl. weeping b.

inermis Leyss. smooth b.[17]

japonicus Thunb. Japanese b.

madritensis L. Spanish b.

mollis L. soft b.

purgans L. Canada b.

racemosus L. bald b.

rigidus Roth ripgut b.

rubens L. red b.

secalinus L. cheat

stamineus[18] E. Desv. harlan b.

sterilis L. poverty b.

tectorum L. downy b.

tomentellus[18] Boiss. Russian b.

vulgaris (Hook.) Shear Columbia b.

Buchloë dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. buffalograss

Calamagrostis Adans. reedgrass

canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. bluejoint r.

epigeios (L.) Roth chee r.

inexpansa A. Gray northern r.

rubescens Buckl. pinegrass

Calamovilfa Hack. sandreed

gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. & Merr. big s.

longifolia (Hook.) Scribn. prairie s.

Cenchrus L. sandbur

myosuroides H.B.K. big s.

pauciflorus Benth. sandbur

setigerus[19] Vahl birdwoodgrass

Chloris Swartz chloris; windmillgrass[20]

distichophylla Lag. weeping c.

gayana Kunth rhodesgrass

verticillata Nutt. windmillgrass

virgata Swartz showy c.

Cinna arundinacea L. stout woodreed

Coix lacryma-jobi L. jobstears

Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Aschers. & Graebn. pampasgrass

Cynodon L. Rich. bermudagrass

dactylon (L.) Pers. bermudagrass

plectostachyum[19] (Schum.) Pilger stargrass

transvaalensis Burtt-Davy African b.

Cynosurus cristatus L. crested dogtail

Dactylis glomerata L. orchardgrass

Danthonia Lam. & DC. danthonia

californica Boland. California d.

intermedia Vasey timber d.

pilosa R. Br. hairy d.

spicata (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. poverty d.

Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. tufted hairgrass

Diarrhena americana Beauv. American beakgrain

Digitaria Heister crabgrass; fingergrass[21]

decumbens Stent pangolagrass

filiformis (L.) Koel. slender f.

ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. smooth c.

sanguinalis (L.) Scop. crabgrass

Distichlis Raf. saltgrass

spicata (L.) Greene seashore s.

stricta (Torr.) Rydb. inland s.

Echinochloa Beauv. cockspur

crusgalli (L.) Beauv. barnyardgrass

var. frumentacea (Roxb.) W. F. Wight japanesemillet

Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. goosegrass

Elymus L. wildrye

arenanius L. European dune w.

canadensis L. Canada w.

caput-medusae L. medusahead w.

chinensis (Trin.) Keng [A. pseudo-agropyron (Griseb.) Franch.][22] Chinese w.

cinereus Scribn. & Merr. basin w.

condensatus Presl giant w.

giganteus Vahl mammoth w.

glaucus Buckl. blue w.

junceus[22] Fish. Russian w.

macounii Vasey macoun w.

triticoides Buckl. beardless w.

villosus Muhl. hairy w.

virginicus L. Virginia w.

Eragrostis Beauv. lovegrass

barrelieri Daveau Mediterranean l.

capillaris (L.) Nees lacegrass

chloromelas Steud. boer l.

cilianensis (All.) Lutati stinkgrass

curtipedicellata Buckl. gummy l.

curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping l.

frankii C. A. Meyer ex Steud. sandbar l.

hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. teal l.

intermedia Hitchc. plains l.

lehmanniana Nees lehmann l.

oxylepis (Torr.) Torr. (not E. secundiflora Presl as shown in older manuals) red l.

pectinacea (Michx.) Nees Carolina l.

pilosa (L.) Beauv. India l.

poaeoides Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. little l.

secundiflora Presl (see E. oxylepis)

sessilispica Buckl. tumble l.

spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. purple l.

tef (Zuccagni) Trotter teff

trichodes (Nutt.) Wood sand l.

Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. centipedegrass

Erianthus Michx. plumegrass

ravennae (L.) Beauv. ravennagrass

Eriochloa contracta Hitchc. prairie cupgrass

Euchlaena mexicana Schrad. teosinte

Festuca L. fescue

arizonica Vasey Arizona f.

arundinacea Schreb. tall f.

elatior L. meadow f.

idahoensis Elmer Idaho f.

megalura Nutt. foxtail f.

myuros L. rattail f.

obtusa Bieler nodding f.

octoflora Walt. sixweeks f.

ovina L. sheep f.

var. duriuscula (L.) Koch hard f.

paradoxa Desv. cluster f.

rubra L. red f.

var. commutata Gaud. chewings f.

scabrella Torr. rough f.

thurberi Vasey thurber f.

viridula Vasey green f.

Gastridium ventricosum (Gouan) Schinz & Thell. nitgrass

Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. fowl mannagrass

Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B.S.P. bearded skeletongrass

Heteropogon Pers. tanglehead

contortus (L.) Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult. tanglehead

melanocarpus (Ell.) Benth. sweet t.

Hilaria H.B.K. hilaria

belangeri (Steud.) Nash curlymesquite

jamesii (Torr.) Benth. galleta

mutica (Buckl.) Benth. tobosa

rigida (Thurb.) Benth. big galleta

Holcus lanatus L. velvetgrass

Hordeum L. barley

brachyantherum Nevski northern-meadow b.

jubatum L. foxtail b.

var. caespitosum (Scribn.) Hitchc. bobtail b.

nodosum L.[23] meadow b.

pusillum Nutt. little b.

vulgare L. barley

Hyparrhenia Anderss. ex Stapf hyparrhenia

hirta (L.) Stapf thatchgrass

rufa (Nees) Stapf jaragua

Hystrix patula Moench bottlebrushgrass

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. cogongrass

Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. prairie junegrass

Leersia Swartz cutgrass

lenticularis Michx. catchflygrass

oryzoides (L.) Swartz rice c.

virginica Willd. whitegrass

Leptochloa Beauv. sprangletop

dubia (H.B.K.) Nees green s.

fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray bearded s.

filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. red s.

Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase fall witchgrass

Lolium L. ryegrass

multiflorum Lam. Italian r.

perenne L. perennial r.

temulentum L. darnel

Lycurus phleoides H.B.K. wolftail

Manisuris L. jointtail

cylindrica (Michx.) Kuntze Carolina j.

tuberculosa Nash Florida j.

Melica L. melic; oniongrass[24]

bulbosa Geyer ex Port. & Coult. oniongrass

imperfecta Trin. coastrange m.

mutica Walt. twoflower m.

nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper threeflower m.

porteri Scribn. porter m.

Melinis minutiflora Beauv. molassesgrass

Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. Chinese silvergrass

Muhlenbergia Schreb. muhly

andina (Nutt.) Hitchc. foxtail m.

arenicola Buckl. sand m.

asperifolia (Nees & Mey.) Parodi alkali m.

brachyphylla Bush nodding m.

capillaris (Lam.) Trin. hairawn m.

cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. plains m.

filiformis (Thurb.) Rydb. pullup m.

foliosa (Roem. & Schult.) Trin.[25] leafy m.

frondosa (Poir.) Fernald wirestem m.

var. mexicana (L.) Trin. forma commutata (Scribn.) Fernald (based on M. mexicana subsp. commutata Scribn.) bearded w. m.

montana (Nutt.) Hitchc. mountain m.

porteri Scribn. porter m.

pungens Thurb. sandhill m.

racemosa (Michx.) B.S.P. green m.

schreberi Gmel. nimblewill

sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. rock m.

squarrosa (Trin.) Rydb.[26] mat m.

sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. forest m.

torreyi (Kunth) Hitchc. ex Bush ring m.

wrightii Vasey spike m.

Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. falsebuffalograss

Nardus stricta L. matgrass

Orcuttia Vasey orcuttia

Oryza sativa L. rice

Oryzopsis Michx. ricegrass

hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker Indian r.

miliacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. ex Aschers. & Schweinf. smilograss

Panicum L. panicum; witchgrass

agrostoides Spreng. redtop p.

anceps Michx. beaked p.

antidotale Retz. blue p.

bulbosum H.B.K. bulb p.

capillare L. common w.

var. occidentale Rydb. cushion w.

depauperatum Muhl. stunted p.

dichotomiflorum Michx. fall p.

gatttingeri Nash gattinger w.

hillmani Chase hillman p.

huachucae Ashe huachuca p.

latifolium L. wideleaf p.

leibergii (Vasey) Scribn. leiberg p.

lindheimeri Nash lindheimer p.

linearifolium Scribn. slimleaf p.

malacophyllum Nash softleaf p.

maximum Jacq. guineagrass

miliaceum L. proso

obtusum H.B.K. vinemesquite

perlongum Nash elongate p.

praecocius Hitchc. & Chase early p.

purpurascens Raddi paragrass

ramosum L. browntopmillet

repens L. torpedograss

scoparium Lam. velvet p.

scribnerianum Nash scribner p.

sphaerocarpon Ell. roundseed p.

tennesseense Ashe Tennessee p.

texanum Buckl. Texas p.

villosissimum Nash hairy p.

virgatum L. switchgrass

werneri Scribn. werner p.

wilcoxianum Vasey wilcox p.

Pappophorum mucronulatum Nees pappusgrass

Paspalum L. paspalum

ciliatifolium Michx. fringeleaf p.

circulare Nash roundseed p.

dilatatum Poir. dallisgrass

distichum L. knotgrass

floridanum Michx. Florida p.

var. glabratum Engelm. ex Vasey smooth F. p.

fluitans (Ell.) Kunth horsetail p.

laeve Michx. field p.

lividum Trin. longtom

malacophyllum Trin. ribbed p.

notatum Flügge bahiagrass

plicatulum Michx. brownseed p.

pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn. hairyseed p.

repens Bergius[27] horsetail p.

stramineum Nash sand p.

urvillei Steud. vaseygrass

Pennisetum L. Rich. pennisetum

alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. Chinese p.

ciliare (L.) Link buffelgrass

clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. kikuyugrass

glaucum[28] (L.) R. Br. pearlmillet

purpureum Schumach napiergrass

ruppelii Steud.[29] fountaingrass

villosum R. Br. feathertop

Phalaris L. canarygrass

arundinacea L. reed c.

canariensis L. canarygrass

caroliniana Walt. Carolina c.

minor Retz. littleseed c.

tuberosa L. bulb c.

var. stenoptera (Hack.) Hitchc. hardinggrass

Phleum L. timothy

alpinum L. alpine t.

pratense L. timothy

Phragmites communis Trin. common reed

Poa L. bluegrass

ampla Merr. big b.

annua L. annual b.

arachnifera Torr. Texas b.

arida Vasey plains b.

bulbosa L. bulbous b.

canbyi (Scribn.) Piper canby b.

chapmaniana Scribn. chapman b.

compressa L. Canada b.

fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey mutton b.

nevadensis Vasey ex Scribn. Nevada b.

pratensis L. Kentucky b.

scabrella (Thurb.) Benth. ex Vasey pine b.

secunda Presl rough b.

sylvestris A. Gray woodland b.

trivialis L. roughstalk b.

Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. rabbitfoot polypogon

Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult. nuttall alkaligrass

Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb) Vasey blowoutgrass

Rhynchelytrum roseum[30] (Nees) Stapf and Hubb. ex Bews natalgrass

Saccharum officinarum L. sugarcane

Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. tumblegrass

Scleropogon brevifolius Phil. burrograss

Secale L. rye

cereale L. rye

montanum Guss. mountain r.

Setaria Beauv. bristlegrass; millet[31]

faberii Herrm. giant b.[32]

geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. knotroot b.

italica (L.) Beauv. foxtail m.

lutescens (Weigel) Hubb.[33] yellow b.[32]

macrostachya H.B.K. plains b.

verticillata (L.) Beauv. hooked b.

viridis (L.) Beauv. green b.[32]

Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith bottlebrush squirreltail

Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash indiangrass

Sorghum Moench[34] sorghum

halepense ( L.) Pers. johnsongrass

var. almum Parodi[35] sorghum almum

bicolor (L.) Moench. sorghum

var. drummondii (Nees) Hack. ex Chiov. chickencorn

var. sudanense Hitchc. sudangrass

var. technicum (Koern.) Jav. broomcorn

Spartina Schreb. cordgrass

alterniflora Loisel. smooth c.

cynosuroides (L.) Roth big c.

gracilis Trin. alkali c.

patens (Ait.) Muhl. marshhay c.

pectinata Link prairie c.

Sphenopholis Scribn. wedgescale

intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. slender w.

obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. prairie w.

Sporobolus R. Br. dropseed; sacaton

airoides (Torr.) Torr. alkali s.

asper (Michx.) Kunth tall d.

var. hookeri (Trin.) Vasey meadow t.d.

var. pilosus (Vasey) Hitchc. hairy t.d.

clandestinus (Bieler) Hitchc. hidden d.

cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray sand d.

flexuosus (Thurb.) Rydb. mesa d.

giganteus Nash giant d.

heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray prairie d.

interruptus Vasey black d.

neglectus Nash puffsheath d.

poiretii (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc. rattail smutgrass

pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc. whorled d.

texanus Vasey Texas d.

vaginiflorus (Torr.) Wood poverty d.

wrightii Munro ex Scribn. sacaton

Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze St. augustinegrass

Stipa L. needlegrass

cernua Stebbins & Love nodding n.

columbiana Macoun subalpine n.

comata Trin. & Rupr. needleandthread

leucotricha Trin. & Rupr. Texas n.

neomexicana (Thurb.) Scribn. New Mexico feathergrass

occidentalis Thurb. western n.

pulchra Hitchc. purple n.

robusta (Vasey) Scribn. sleepygrass

spartea Trin. porcupinegrass

viridula Trin. green n.

X Stiporyzopsis caduca (Beal) B. L. Johnson & Rogler (Oryzopsis hymenoides X Stipa viridula) Mandan ricegrass

Themeda triandra Forsk. themeda

Tragus Hall. burgrass

Trichachne Nees cottontop

californica (Benth.) Chase Arizona c.

patens Swallen Texas c.

Trichloris Fourn. trichloris

mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz[36] twoflower t.

pluriflora Fourn. fourflower t.

Tridens Roem. & Schult. tridens

albescens (Vasey) Woot. & Standl. white t.

elongatus (Buckl.) Nash rough t.

flavus (L.) Hitchc. purpletop

muticus (Torr.) Nash slim t.

pilosus (Buckl.) Hitchc. hairy t.

pulchellus (H.B.K.) Hitchc. fluffgrass

strictus (Nutt.) Nash longspike t.

Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm. purple sandgrass

Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. eastern gamagrass

Trisetum Pers. trisetum

flavescens (L.) Beauv. yellow t.

spicatum (L.) Richt. spike t.

Triticum L. wheat

aestivum L. common w.

dicoccum Schrank emmer

durum Desf. durum w.

monococcum L. einkorn

turgidum L. poulard w.

Uniola L. uniola

latifolia Michx. broadleaf u.

sessiliflora Poir. longleaf u.

Zea mays L. corn

Zizania aquatica L. wildrice

Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Doell & Aschers. southern wildrice

Zoysia Willd. zoysia

japonica Steud. Japanese lawngrass

matrella (L.) Merr.[37] manillagrass

tenuifolia Willd. ex. Trin. mascarenegrass

FOOTNOTES:

SEDGES, RUSHES, AND RELATED GENERA

Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C. B. Clarke hairsedge bulbstyle

Carex L. sedge

aggregata Mackenz. glomerate s.

amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern. narrowleaf s.

annectens Bickn. yellowfruit s.

austrina (Small) Mackenz. southern s.

bicknellii Britt. bicknell s.

blanda Dew. woodland s.

brevior (Dew.) Mackenz. straw s.

bushii Mackenz. bush s.

cephalophora Muhl. woodbank s.

davisii Schwein. & Torr. davis s.

emoryi Dew. emory s.

frankii Kunth frank s.

granularis Muhl. meadow s.

gravida Bailey heavy s.

hyalinolepis Steud. thin scale s.

hystricina Muhl. bottlebrush s.

laeviconica Dew. smoothcone s.

lanuginosa Michx. woolly s.

leavenworthii Dew. leavenworth s.

lupulina Muhl. hop s.

meadii Dew. mead s.

microdonta Torr. & Hook. littletooth s.

pensylvanica Lam. var. digyna Boeckl.(C. heliophila Mackenz.) pennsylvania s.

praegracilis W. Boott clusteredfield s.

scoparia Schkuhr broom s.

stipata Muhl. sawbeak s.

vulpinoidea Michx. fox s.

Cyperus L. flatsedge; nutgrass

acuminatus Torr. & Hook. tapeleaf f.

diandrus Torr. low f.

erythrorhizos Muhl. redroot f.

esculentus L. yellow n.

ferruginescens Boeckl. slender f.

filiculmis Vahl fern f.

houghtonii Torr. Houghton f.

inflexus Muhl. awned f.

ovularis (Michx.) Torr. globe f.

rivularis Kunth brook f.

schweinitzii Torr. schweinitz f.

strigosus L. false n.

virens Michx. (C. pseudovegetus Steud.) green f.

Eleocharis R. Br. spikesedge

acicularis (L.) R. & S. needle s.

compressa Sulliv. flatstem s.

engelmanni Steud. engelmann s.

macrostachya Britt. longstem s.

obtusa (Willd.) Schultes blunt s.

wolfii Gray wolf s.

Fimbristylis Vahl fimbristylis

autumnalis (L.) R. & S. var. mucronulata (Michx.) Fern.

caroliniana (Lam.) Fern. [F. puberula (Michx.) Vahl; F. castanea (Michx.) Vahl var. puberula (Michx.) Britt.; F. interior Britt.] inland f.

Fuirena simplex Vahl fuirena

Hemicarpha Nees hemicarpha

drummondi Nees drummond h.

micrantha (Vahl) Pax common h.

Juncus L. rush

balticus Willd. baltic r.

biflorus Ell. (J. aristulatus of Gray’s 7th ed., not Michx.) twoflower r.

diffusissimus Buckl. slimpod r.

dudleyi Wieg. dudley r.

interior Wieg. inland r.

kansanus F. J. Herm. Kansas r.

marginatus Rostk. grassleaf r.

nodatus Coville stout r.

tenuis Willd. (J. macer S. F. Gray) soft r.

torreyi Coville torrey r.

Killinga (see Cyperus)

Scirpus L. bulrush

americanus Pers. American b.

atrovirens Willd. green b.

fluviatilis (Torr.) Gray river b.

hallii Gray hall b.

lineatus Michx. rusty b.

pallidus (Britt.) Fern. pale b.

paludosus Nels. alkali b.

validus Vahl softstem b.

Seleria Bergius razorsedge

pauciflora Muhl. fewflower r.

triglomerata Michx. whip r.

FERNS AND RELATED GENERA

Adiantum pedatum L. American maidenhairfern

Asplenium L. spleenwort

platyneuron (L.) Oakes ebony s.

resiliens Kunze blackstem s.

Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. rattlesnakefern

Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link walkingfern

Cheilanthes feei Moore fee lipfern

Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. brittle bladderfern

Dryopteris Adans. woodfern

thelypteris (L.) Gray marshfern

Equisetum L. horsetail; scouringrush

arvense L. field h.

hyemale L. (including E. prelatum Raf.) scouringrush

laevigatum A. Br. (including E. kansanum Schaffn.) smooth h.

Isoëtes butleri Engelm. quillwort

Marsilea mucronata A. Br. (M. vestita of Gray’s 7th ed., not Hook. & Grev.) pepperwort

Notholaena dealbata (Pursh) Kunze cloakfern

Onoclea sensibilis L. sensitivefern

Ophioglossum vulgatum L. adderstongue

Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link purple cliffbrake

Polystichum Roth hollyfern

acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott christmasfern

Pteridium Gleditsch bracken

aquilinum (L.) Kuhn

var. pubescens Underw. western b.

var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. eastern b.

Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. common woodsia

OTHER MONOCOTS

Acorus calamus L. drug sweetflag

Alisma subcordatum Raf. subcordate waterplantain

Allium L. onion; garlic

various native spp. wild o.; wild g.

Anacharis (see Elodea)

Androstephium coerculeum (Scheele) Greene blue funnellily

Arisaema Mart. jackinthepulpit

dracontium (L.) Schott dragonroot j.

triphyllum (L.) Schott indian j.

Asparagus officinalis L. asparagus

Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. blackberrylily

Camassia scilloides[38] (Raf.) Cory Atlantic camas

Commelina L. dayflower

diffusa Burm. f. (C. longicaulis of manuals) creeping d.

erecta L. (including C. virginica of manuals, not L.) erect d.

Cooperia drummondii Herb. eveningstar rainlily

Cypripedium calceolus L. var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern. (C. parviflorum Salisb.) small yellow ladyslipper

Dioscorea villosa L. Atlantic yam

Echinodorus Richard burhead

cordifolius (L.) Griseb. [E. radicans (Nutt.) Engelm.]

rostratus (Nutt.) Engelm. [E. cordifolius of manuals, not (L.) Griseb.]

Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John [Anacharis occidentalis (Pursh) Vict.] elodea

Erythronium albidum Nutt. white fawnlily

Habenaria leucophaea (Nutt.) Gray prairie fringeorchid

Heteranthera R. & P. mudplantain

dubia (Jacq.) MacM. grassleaf m.

limosa (Sw.) Willd. blue m.

reniformis R. & P. kidneyleaf m.

Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville goldstargrass

Iris L. iris

brevicaulis Raf. (I. foliosa Mackenz. & Bush) lamance i.

versicolor L. blueflag i.

Lemna L. duckweed

minima Philippi least d.

minor L. common d.

perpusilla Torr. minute d.

Lilium michiganense Farw. Michigan lily

Lophotocarpus calycinus (Engelm.) J. G. Sm. lophotocarpus

Melanthium virginicum L. bunchflower

Najas quadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus [Naias g. (Spreng.) Morong] southern naiad

Nemastylis geminiflora Nutt. (N. acuta Herb.) nemastylis

Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt. yellow falsegarlic

Polygonatum canaliculatum (Muhl.) Pursh solomonseal

Potamogeton L. pondweed

diversifolius Raf. waterthread p.

foliosus Raf. leafy p.

illinoensis Morong (P. lucens of manuals, not L.) Illinois p.

nodosus Poir. (P. americanus C. & S.) longleaf p.

obtusifolius Mert. & Koch bluntleaf p.

pectinatus L. fennelleaf p.

pusillus L. baby p.

Ruppia maritima L. widgeongrass

Sagittaria L. arrowhead

ambigua J. G. Sm. Kansas a.

brevirostra Mackenz. & Bush shortbeak a.

cuneata Sheldon duckpotato a.

latifolia Willd. (including S. esculenta Howell) common a.

longiloba Engelm. longbarb a.

Sisyrinchium L. blue-eyedgrass

angustifolium Mill. (including S. graminoides Bickn.) common b.

campestre Bickn. prairie b.

Smilacina Desf. solomonplume

racemosa (L.) Desf. feather s.

stellata (L.) Desf. starry s.

Smilax L. greenbriar

lasioneura Hook. (included in S. herbacea L. in some manuals)

tamnoides. L. var. hispida (Muhl.) Fern. (S. hispida Muhl.) bristly g.

Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. giant burreed

Spiranthes Richard ladiestresses

cernua (L.) Richard nodding l.

vernalis Engelm. & Gray upland l.

Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. common ducksmeat

Tradescantia L. spiderwort

bracteata Small bracted s.

occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth prairie s.

ohiensis Raf. (T. canaliculata Raf.)

tharpii Anders. & Woodson tharp s.

Typha L. cattail

angustifolia L. narrowleaf c.

latifolia L. common c.

Wolffia columbiana Karst. wolffia

Yucca glauca Nutt. small soapweed

Zannichellia palustris L. common poolmat

Zygadenus nuttallii Gray (also spelled Zigadenus) nuttall deathcamas

FOOTNOTES:

LEGUMES (including woody species)

Acacia augustissima (Mill.) Ktze. prairie acacia

Alysicarpus vaginalis DC. alyceclover

Amorpha L. amorpha

canescens Pursh leadplant

fruticosa L. indigobush a.

Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fern. southern hogpeanut

Anthyllis vulnerania L. kidneyvetch

Apios americana Medic. American potatobean

Arachis hypogaea L. peanut

Astragalus L. milkvetch: species not poisonous

loco: species causing locoism

poisonvetch: species causing poisoning other than locoism

canadensis L. Canada m.

caryocarpus Ker (A. crassicarpus Nutt.) groundplum m.

cicer L. cicer m.

gracilis Nutt. slender m.

lotiflorus Hook. lotus m.

missouriensis Nutt. Missouri m.

mollissimus Torr. woolly l.

pectinatus (Hook.) Dougl. narrowleaf p.

plattensis Nutt. Nebraska m.

racemosus Pursh creamy p.

rubyi Greene & Morris ruby m.

spatulatus Sheld. (A. caespitosus Gray; Homalobus caespitosus Nutt.) tufted m.

Baptisia Vent. wildindigo

leucantha T. & G. Atlantic w.

leucophaea Nutt. plains w.

minor Lehm. blue w.

Cajanus cajan Millsp. (C. indicus Spreng.) pigeonpea

Caragana arborescens Lam. Siberian peashrub

Cassia L. senna; partridgepea

fasciculata Michx. (Chamaecrista f. B. & B., including C. rostrata Woot. & Standl.) showy p.

marilandica L. wild s.

nictitans L. sensitive p.

Cercis canadensis L. eastern redbud

Cicer arientinum L. chickpea

Coronilla varia L. crownvetch

Crotalaria L. crotalaria

incana L. shackshack c.[39]

juncea L. sunn c.

mucronata Desv. striped c.

sagittalis L. arrow c.

spectabilis Roth showy c.

Cytisus L. broom

Dalea[40] Juss. dalea

alopecuroides Willd. [D. leporina (Alt.) Kearney & Peebles] foxtail d.

aurea Nutt. silktop d.

enneandra Nutt. nineanther d.

jamesii (Torr.) T. & G. james d.

lanata Spreng. woolly d.

nana Torr. dwarf d.

Desmanthus Willd. bundleflower

illinoensis (Michx.) MacM. Illinois b.

leptolobus T. & G. slenderlobed b.

Desmodium Desv. tickclover

canadense (L.) DC. Canada t.

canescens (L.) DC. hoary t.

cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loud. [D. bracteosum (Michx.) DC.] longleaf t.

glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood [D. acuminatum (Michx.) DC.] largeflower t.

illinoense Gray Illinois t.

paniculatum (L.) DC. panicled t.

sessilifolium (Torr.) T. & G. sessile t.

tortuosum DC. (D. purpureum Fawcett & Rendle) tall t.

Dolichos lablab L. hyacinthbean

Gleditsia triacanthos L. honeylocust

Glottidium vesicarium (Jacq.) Harper bagpod

Glycine max (L.) Merr. soybean

Glycyrrhiza lepidota (Nutt.) Pursh American licorice

Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch Kentucky coffeetree

Hedysarum coronarium L. sulla

Hoffmanseggia jamesii T. & G. rushpea

Homalobus (see Astragalus)

Indigofera L. indigo

hirsuta L. hairy i.

leptosepala Nutt. western i.

Lathyrus L. peavine

hirsutus L. rough p.

latifolius L. perennial p.

odoratus L. sweetpea

polymorphous Nutt. [including L. incanus (Sm. & Rydb.) Rydb. and L. stipulaceous (Pursh) Butters & St. John] hoary p.

pusillus Ell. low p.

sativus L. grass p.

sylvestris L. flat p.

tingitanus L. tangierpea

venosus Muhl. veiny p.

Lens culinaris Medic. (L. esculenta Moench) lentil

Lespedeza Michx. lespedeza

bicolor Turcz. shrub l.

capitata Michx. roundhead l.

cuneata (Dumont) G. Don sericea l.

cyrtobotrya Miq. bush l.

daurica (Laxm.) Schindl. var. schimadae (Masam.) Masam. & Hosok prostrate-daurican l.

hedysaroides (Pall.) Kitagawa rush l.

hirta (L.) Hornem. hairy l.

intermedia (S. Wats.) Britt. wand l.

japonica Bailey Japan l.

latissima Nakai decumbent l.

manniana Mackenz. & Bush mann l.

nuttallii Darl. nuttall l.

procumbens Michx. trailing l.

repens (L.) Bart. creeping l.

stipulacea Maxim. Korean l.

striata (Thunb.) H. & A. common l.

stuevei Nutt. stuves l.

violacea (L.) Pers. (L. prairea Britt.) violet l.

virginica (L.) Britt. slender l.

Lotus L. deervetch (native American spp.); trefoil

americanus (Nutt.) Bisch. American d.

corniculatus L. birdsfoot t.

tenuis Waldst. & Dit. ex. Willd. narrowleaf b.t.

uliginosus Schkuhr (L. major Sm.; L. villosus Willd.) big t.

Lupinus L. lupine

albus L. white l.

angustifolius L. blue l.

luteus L. yellow l.

plattensis S. Wats. Nebraska l.

pusillus Pursh low l.

subcarnosus Hook. Texas l.

Medicago L. medic; burclover; alfalfa

arabica (L.) Huds. spotted b.

arborea L. tree m.

ciliaris Bald. ex DC. fringed m.

falcata L. yellow a.

hispida Gaertn. California b.

lupulina L. black m.

minima (L.) Desr. little b.

orbicularis All. button m.

rigidula Desr. Tifton b.

sativa L. alfalfa

scutellata Mill. snail m.

tuberculata Willd. tuberculous m.

Melilotus Mill. sweetclover

alba Desr. white s.

dentata Pers. banat s.

indica (L.) All. annual yellow s.

officinalis (L.) Lam. yellow s.

suaveolens Ledeb. daghestan s.

Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop. common sainfoin

Ornithopus sativus Brot. serradella

Oxytropis lambertii Pursh lambert crazyweed[41]

Petalostemum[42] Michx. prairieclover

candidum (Willd.) Michx. white p.

compactum (Spreng.) Swezey compact p.

multiflorum Nutt. roundheaded p.

occidentale (Gray) Fern. western p.

porterianum Small porter p.

purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. purple p.

tenuifolium Gray slimleaf p.

villosum Nutt. silky p.

Phaseolus L. bean

aconitifolius Jacq. moth b.

acutifolius Gray Texas b.

angularis Wight adsuki b.

aureus Roxb. mung b.

calcaratus Roxb. rice b.

coccineus L. (P. multiflorus Lam.) runner b.

lunatus L. (including var. macrocarpus Benth.) lima b.

vulgaris L. common b.

Pisum L. pea

arvense (L.) Poir. field p.

sativum L. garden p.

Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. (P. chilensis of manuals; including P. glandulosa Torr. and P. velutina Woot.) mesquite

Psoralea L. scurfpea

argophylla Pursh silverleaf s.

cuspidata Pursh tallbread s.

digitata Nutt. palmleaf s.

osculenta Pursh common breadroot s.

hypogaea Nutt. little breadroot s.

lanceolata Pursh lemon s.

linearifolia T. & G. slimleaf s.

psoralioides (Walt.) Cory bobsroot s.

tenuiflora Pursh slimflower s.

var. floribunda (Nutt.) Rydb. manyflower s.

Pueraria DC. kudzu

lobata (Willd.) Ohwi [P. thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth.] thunberg k.

phaseoloides Benth. tropical k.

Robinia L. locust

pseudo-acacia L. black l.

viscosa Vent. clammy l.

Schrankia nuttallii (DC.) Standl. (S. uncinata of manuals, not Willd.) catclaw sensitivebriar

Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Cory sesbania

Sophora sericea Nutt. silky sophora

Stizolobium deeringianum Bort. velvetbean

Strophostyles Ell. wildbean

helvola (L.) Ell. trailing w.

leiosperma (T. & G.) Piper smoothseed w.

Stylosanthes biflora (L.) BSP. pencilflower

Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. [including T. leucosericea (Rydb.) Cory] Virginia tephrosia

Thermopsis rhombifolia Nutt. ex Rich. prairie thermopsis

Trifolium L. clover

agrarium L. hop c.

alexandrinum L. berseem

ambiguum Bieb. kura c.

arvense L. rabbitfoot c.

campestre Schreb. plains c.

carolinianum Michx. Carolina c.

dubium Sibth. small hop c.

fragiferum L. strawberry c.

glomeratum L. cluster c.

hirtum All. rose c.

hybridum L. alsike c.

incarnatum L. crimson c.

lappaceum L. lappa c.

medium L. zigzag c.

nigrescens Viv. ball c.

pratense L. red c.

procumbens L. large hop c.

reflexum L. buffalo c.

repens L. white c.

resupinatum L. Persian c.

stoloniferum Eat. stoloniferous c.

striatum L. knotted c.

subterraneum L. subterranean c.

Trigonella L. trigonella

foenum-graecum L. fenugreek

Vicia L. vetch

americana Muhl. American v.

angustifolia Reichard narrowleaf v.

articulata Hornem. oneflower v.

benghalensis L. (V. atropurpurea Desf.) purple v.

caroliniana Walt. Carolina v.

cracca L. bird v.

dasycarpa Ten. woollypod v.

ervilia Willd. bitter v.

faba L. broadbean

var. equina Pers. (V. faba L. subsp. major Alef.) horsebean

grandiflora Scop. bigflower v.

ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana v.

monantha (L.) Desf. oneflower v.

pannonica Crantz. Hungarian v.

sativa L. common v.

sparsifolia Nutt. stiffleaf v.

trifida Dietr. clubleaf v.

villosa Roth hairy v.

Vigna Savi cowpea

sesquipedalis Fruwirth yardlong c.

sinensis (L.) Endl. cowpea

Wisteria macrostachya Nutt. wisteria

FOOTNOTES:

OTHER DICOT FORBS

Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook. sweet sandverbena

Abutilon theophrasti Medic. velvetleaf

Acalypha L. copperleaf

gracilens Gray slender c.

ostryaefolia Riddell hophornbeam c.

virginica L. Virginia c.

Acerates (see Asclepias)

Achillea L. yarrow

millefolium L. subsp. millefolium common y.

millefolium L. subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper western y.

Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood waterhemp

Actinea (see Hymenoxys)

Actinomeris (see Verbesina)

Agastache Clayt. gianthyssop

nepetoides (L.) Ktze. catnip g.

scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Ktze. purple g.

Agoseris cuspidata (see Microseris)

Agrimonia L. agrimony

parviflora Ait. many flower a.

pubescens Wallr. downy a.

rostellata Wallr. woodland a.

Agrostemma githago L. common corncockle

Alliaria officinalis Andrz. garlicmustard

Allionia (included in Mirabilis)

Amaranthus L. pigweed (amaranth of SPN)

graecizans L. (A. blitoides S. Wats.) tumbleweed

hybridus L. slim p.

palmeri S. Wats. palmer p.

retroflexus L. rough p.

spinosus L. spiny p.

torreyi (Gray) Benth. torrey p.

Ambrosia L. ragweed

artemisiifolia L. (A. elatior L.) common r.

bidentata Michx. lanceleaf r.

psilostachya DC. (A. coronopifolia T. & G.) western r.

trifida L. giant r.

Ammannia ammannia

auriculata Willd. earleaf a.

coccinea Rottb. purple a.

Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt. (Gonolobus laevis of manuals, not Michx.) climbingmilkweed

Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. willow amsonia

Anagallis arvensis L. scarlet pimpernel

Androsace occidentalis Pursh western rockjasmine

Anemone L. anemone

canadensis L. meadow a.

caroliniana Walt. Carolina a.

cylindrica Gray candle a.

decapetala Ard. tenpetal a.

virginiana L. Virginia a.

Antennaria Gaertn. pussytoes

neglecta Greene (including A. campestris Rydb. & A. longifolia Greene) field p.

plantaginifolia (L.) Richards (including A. fallax Greene) plantainleaf p.

Anthemis L. camomile

cotula L. mayweed c.

tinctoria L. golden c.

Anychia (see Paronychia)

Aplopappus (see Haplopappus)

Apocynum L. dogbane

cannabinum L. hemp d.

sibiricum Jacq. prairie d.

Aquilegia L. columbine

Arabis L. rockcress

canadensis L. sickle pod

dentata (Torr.) T. & G. toothed r.

hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. pycnocarpa (M. Hopkins) Rollins hairy r.

laevigata (Muhl.) Poir. smooth r.

virginica (L.) Poir. Virginia r.

Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. smaller burdock

Arenaria L. sandwort

patula Michx. pitchers s.

serpyllifolia L. thymeleaf s.

stricta Michx. var. texana Robins. Texas s.

Argemone L. pricklypoppy

polyanthemos (Fedde) G. Ownbey

squarrosa Greene (including A. hispida Gray) hedgehog p.

Aristolochia tomentosa Sims dutchmanspipe

Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. [Rorippa armoracia (L.) Hitchc.] common horseradish

Artemisia L. sagewort; sagebrush

annua L. sweet sagewort

biennis Willd. biennial sagewort

campestris L. (A. canadensis Michx.) prairie sagewort

dracunculus L. falsetarragan sagewort

filifolia Torr. sand sagebrush

ludoviciana Nutt. [including var. gnaphalodes (Nutt.) T. & G.] Louisiana sagewort

vulgaris L. common sagewort

Asarum canadense L. wildginger

Asclepias L. (including Acerates Ell.) milkweed

amplexicaulis Sm. bluntleaf m.

arenaria Torr. sand m.

auriculata (Engelm.) Holz. (Acerates a. Engelm.) leafy m.

hirtella (Pennell) Woodson (Acerates h. Pennell) prairie m.

incarnata L. swamp m.

lanuginosa Nutt. [Acerates l. (Nutt.) DC.] woolly m.

latifolia (Torr.) Raf. broadleaf m.

pumila (Gray) Vail plains m.

purpurascens L. purple m.

speciosa Torr. showy m.

stenophylla Gray (Acerates angustifolia Dene.) narrowleaf m.

subverticillata (Gray) Vail (A. galioides HBK.) poison m.

sullivantii Engelm. sullivant m.

syriaca L. var. kansana (Vail) Palmer & Steyerm. Kansas m.

syriaca L. var. syriaca common m.

tuberosa L. butterfly m.

verticillata L. whorled m.

viridiflora Raf. [Acerates v. (Raf.) Eaton] green m.

Asclepiodora[43] Gray antelopehorn

decumbens (Nutt.) Gray (Asclepias capricornu Woodson) spider a.

viridis (Walt.) Gray (Asclepias v. Walt.) green a.

Aster L. aster

anomalus Engelm. manyray a.

arenosus Blake [Leucelene ericoides (Torr.) Greene] babywhite a.

azureus Lindl. azure a.

drummondii Lindl. drummond a.

ericoides L. heath a.

exilis Ell. slim a.

fendleri Gray fendler a.

laevis L. var. laevis smooth a.

novae-angliae L. New England a.

oblongifolius Nutt. aromatic a.

ontarionis Wieg. (A. missouriensis Britt., & A. pantotrichus Blake) Missouri a.

paludosus Ait. singlestem bog a.

praealtus Poir. willowleaf a.

sagittifolius Wedemeyer arrow a.

sericeus Vent. silky a.

simplex Willd. (A. paniculatus Lam. not Mill.) panicled a.

tanacetifolius HBK. [Machaeranthera t. (HBK.) Nees] tansyleaf a.

tataricus L. f. tatarian a.

vimineus Lam. small white a.

Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt. entireleaved westerndaisy

Atriplex L. saltbush

argentea Nutt. silverscale s.

canescens (Pursh) Nutt. fourwing s.

patula L. fat-hen s.

rosea L. tumbling orach

Aureolaria (see Gerardia)

Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. (Macuillamia r. Michx.) disk waterhyssop

Bahia oppositifolia (Nutt.) DC. [Picradeniopsis o. (Nutt.) Rydb.] plains bahia

Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. bitter wintercress

Bergia texana (Hook.) Seubert Texas bergia

Berlandiera DC. berlandiera

lyrata Benth. wireleaf b.

texana DC. Texas b.

Berteroa incana (L.) DC. hoary false-alyssum

Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville stalky berula

Beta L. beet

Bidens L. beggarticks

bipinnata L. spanishneedles

cernua L. [including B. glaucescens Greene, & B. elliptica (Wieg.) Gleason] nodding b.

frondosa L. devils b.

polylepis Blake [B. involucrata (Nutt.) Britt.] coreopsis b.

tripartita L. [B. comosa (Gray) Wieg., & B. connata Muhl.] bur b.

vulgata Greene tall b.

Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. smallspike falsenettle

Boltonia L’Her. boltonia

asteroides (L.) L’Her. var. recognita (Fern. & Griscom) Cron. (B. latisquama Gray var. recognita Fern. & Griscom) white b.

asteroides (L.) L’Her. var. latisquama (Gray) Cron. (B. latisquama Gray) violet b.

Brassica L. mustard

juncea (L.) Coss. India m.

kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler charlock

napus L. (B. rapa of authors, not L.) turnip

nigra (L.) Koch black m.

oleracea L. cabbage, etc.

rapa L. (B. campestris L.) rape & rutabaga

Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt. [B. umbellata (Greene) Rydb.] brickellia

Buchnera americana L. American bluehearts

Cacalia L. indian plantain

atriplicifolia L. pale i.

tuberosa Nutt. tuberous i.