Chapter VII
Reading edition
MODERN THEORIES OF LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
I. Naturalistic Tendency— 1. Materialistic— (1) Idyllic or Poetic—Rousseau. (2) Philosophic—Feuerbach. (3) Scientific—Haeckel. 2. Utilitarian—Hobbes, Bentham, Mill. 3. Evolutionary—Spencer. 4. Socialistic—Marx, Engels. 5. Individualistic— (1) Aestheticism—Goethe, Schiller. (2) Subjectivism— (a) Pessimism—Schopenhauer. (b) Optimism—Nietzsche. II. Idealistic Tendency— 1. Kant—Categorical Imperative. 2. Fichte and Hegel—Idea of Personality. 3. James—Pragmatism. 4. Bergson—Vitalism. 5. Eucken—Activism.