SUBJECT INDEX

A Absorption of chlorine by water, 35 Abuse of chlorination, 144 Acids, effect of, 19, 21 Action of chlorine, 16 Admixture, effect of, 39 Aftergrowths, 55 accelerated growth, 58 B. coli in, 57 effect of liquid chlorine, 99 views as to nature of, 56 Algæ, effect of chlorine on, 133 Alkalies, effect of, 19, 20 Allen-Moore cell, 111 Ammonia, and chlorine, 24 and sodium hypochlorite, 114 effect on bleach, 21 effect on oxidising action, 21 soda process, 2 Antichlors, 86 Antiseptics, early work on, 3 chlorine as an, 50 Application of chlorine, point of, 43 Auto-suggestion, 62 B B. choleræ suis, 31 B. cloacæ, 31 B. coli, aftergrowths, 57 in sewage, 6, 7 in water, 9, 28, 31 standard, 46 viability of, 52, 55 B. cuticularis, 53 B. fæcalis alkaligenes, 31 B. enteritidis, 31 B. enteritidis sporogenes, 53 B. lactis ærogenes, 31 B. subtilis, 53 B. tetani, 9 B. typhosus, 9, 10, 30, 31 Bacteria surviving chlorination, 50 aftergrowths, 55 nature of, 53 spores, 57 Benzidine, 83 Bleach, analysis of solution, 79 as deodourant, 3, 6 as sewage disinfectant, 6, 7 at Adrian, 11 at Boonton, 11, 16 at Bubbly Creek, 11 composition, 14 decomposition of, 25 discovery, 2 germicidal velocity, 20, 21 hydrolysis, 18, 19 production, 3 stability of, 17 toxic action, 22 treatment, 72 control of, 78 cost, 86 dosage regulation, 75 in France, 78 losses in, 81 mixing tank, 73 plant design, 72 storage tank, 75 Brest experiments, 5 C Carnallite, 1 Chicago, typhoid rate, 138 Chloramine, 114 at Denver, 124, 126 at Ottawa, 28, 116 contact period, 123 cost of, 124 decomposition of, 126 experimental results, 119 germicidal power, 116 operation of process, 126 plant design, 120 preparation of, 115 ratio of chlorine and ammonia, 116, 122 tastes and odours, 28, 64, 117 toxic action, 22, 29 Chlorides, effect of, 20 Chlorine, and ammonia, 24, 25 discovery of, 1 disinfection, effect of pabulum, 4 general reactions, 28 hydrate, 103 detection of, 81 effect on flowers, 68 estimation of, 81 in sanitary work, 4 medicinal dose, 67 oxygen equivalent, 23 liquid, 89 advantages of, 97 cost of treatment, 101 disadvantages of, 101 germicidal efficiency, 99 machines, 89 peroxide, 9 water, 102 corrosion of pipes, 69 damage to seeds, 68 decomposition of, 15 heat of formation, 27 Chlorometer, 84 Chloros, 8 Chlorozone, 105 Colour, effect on dosage, 33 Columbus, typhoid rates, 137 Complaints, 62 Contact period, effect on dosage, 44 effect on taste, 43 usual practice, 45 Cost of bleach plant, 85 bleach treatment, 86 liquid chlorine treatment, 101 Crossness experiments, 5 D Dayton cell, 107 DeChlor filters, 87 Denver, chloramine treatment, 124, 126 Dichloramine, 128 Disinfectants, 50 Disinfection, early views of, 3 Dosage, 30 determination of, 46 effect of, admixture, 39 colour, 33 contact period, 43 initial contamination, 32 light, 45 oxidisable matter, 32 standard of purity, 30, 32 temperature, 34, 36 turbidity, 45 for military work, 48 regulation of bleach, 75 relation to oxygen absorbed, 36 tanks, 75 E Eau de Javelle, 3, 47 Electrical conductivity of treated water, 70 Electrolysed sea water, 5 Electrolytic hypochlorite, 2, 104 Bradford, 5 Brest, 5 Brewster, 6, 105 cost of, 113 Electrolytic hydrochlorite, Crossness, 5 discovery of, 3 diaphragm cells, 110 early use of, 5 efficiency of, 109 Havre, 5 non-diaphragm cells, 106 Electrozone, Brewster, 6 Maidenhead, 6 Tonetta Creek, 6 F Filter effluents, chlorination of, 34 Filters, effect on beds, 60 effect on runs, 132 Fish, effect on, 8, 67, 68 G Germicidal velocity, effect of acids, 21 alkalies, 20 ammonia, 21 chlorides, 20 Guildford, chlorination at, 9 H Haas and Oettel cell, 108 Halazone, 128 Hardness, effect of chlorine on, 132 Havre experiments, 5 Hermite fluid, 5 Hexamethyl-p-aminotriphenylmethane, 83 Historical, 1 Hooghly River, 7 Hydrazine, 126 Hydrogen peroxide, 24 Hydrolysis of hypochlorites, effect of, acids, 19 alkalies, 19 chlorides, 20 Hygienic results, 134 Hypochlorous acid, 17 decomposition of, 24, 25, 26 hydrolytic constant, 18 I Initial contamination, effect on dosage, 32 Intestinal organisms, viability of, 52 Iodoform taste, 65 Iron salts, effect on dosage, 33 J Jersey City, court case, 11, 16 K Kellner cell, 108 L Labarraque solution, 105 Leavitt-Jackson machine, 91 Leblanc process, 2 Light, effect on dosage, 45 Lincoln, chlorination at, 8, 59 Liquid chlorine, advantages of, 97 and tastes, 65 effect of temperature on, 95 machines, 89 dry feed, 94 E. B. G. Co., 91 Leavitt-Jackson, 91 operation of, 95 Wallace and Tiernan, 92 L’Orient, experiments at, 5 M M. agilis, 53 Maidstone, use of bleach at, 8 Margin of safety for taste and odour, 64 Material for bleach plants, 74 Military work, bleach method for, 78 chlorine water, 103 dosage for, 47, 48, 78 early European, 10 liquid chlorine, 102 typhoid reduction, 143 use of chlorine in, 8 Mixing tank for bleach, 73 Moisture, effect on chlorine gas, 16 Montreal, dosage at, 34 electrolytic cells, 112 N Nascent oxygen hypothesis, 17 Nelson cell, 111 Neva River, 36 New Orleans, typhoid rates, 137 New York, bacteria surviving treatment, 53 bleach efficiency, 100 liquid chlorine plant, 97 Nitrites, effect on dosage, 33 Nitrogen trichloride, 24, 128 O Odours, effect of contact period on, 43 nature of, 63 Ottawa, aftergrowths at, 57 bleach plant efficiency, 100 chloramine plant, 120 chloramine results, 121 sludge trouble, 65 typhoid rates, 140 Oxidisable matter, effect on dosage, 32, 36 Oxychloride, Guildford, 9 Middlekerke, 9 Ostend, 9 Ozone, 24 P Philadelphia and chlorination, 136 Pipe corrosion, 69 Pittsburg report, 71 Plumbo solvency, 71 P. mirabilis, 31 Potassium permanganate, 23 Puerperal fever in Vienna, 4 Pumps, for admixture, 41 R Red Bank, sewage disinfection at, 7 Reversed ratio of counts, 54 S Sewage disinfection at Baltimore, Berlin, 7 Boston, 7 Brewster, 6 Hamburg, 6 Maidenhead, 6 Sludge, as cause of complaints, 65 Sodium bisulphite, 86 Sodium chloride, deposits, 1 decomposition of, 106 Sodium hypochlorite, 105 decomposition of, 26 effect of ammonia on, 21 hydrolysis of, 26 Sodium thiosulphate, 87 Standard of purity, 30 Storage tanks, 75 Sulphuretted hydrogen, 33 Sylvine, 1 T Tannin, 67 Tastes, effect of contact period on nature of, 63 Temperature, effect on absorption of chlorine, 35, 38 bleach deterioration, 72 dosage, 34, 36 germicidal velocity, 38 pressure of liquid chlorine, 96 tastes and odours, 66 Thermophylic organisms, 54 Tolidine, 82 Toxic action of chlorine, 22, 29 Turbidity, effect on dosage, 45 effect of chlorine on, 132 U Use of chlorination, 144 W Water mains, disinfection of, 8 Well water, 7 Worcester, chlorination at, 11 Worthing experiments, 5