Index.

Acorn Bank, Privileges of tenants of, 67 Ale possets, 202 Allendale, Old school-days at, 250 Alms corn, Payments of, 88 Altar, Horn of the, at Carlisle, 74 Ambleside—curious church tradition, 49 Appleby, Privileges of burgesses of, 69; Barring out custom at, 254-255; Curious assize incident at, 7; Bull-baiting at, 195; Excommunication at, 102; Grammar School, 242; Public whipping at, 126-128; Stocks at, 125 Appleby Castle, Old corn measures at, 159-160; Curfew bell at, 238 Applethwaite (Windermere), Curious regulations at, 89 Apprentices and salmon, 178 Apprenticeship custom, An, 233 Archdeacon’s Court, 59-60 Archery, 196-199 Arlecdon, Rector of, chasing a parishioner, 42; Church font used as water-trough, 50; Church, Dogs in, 63; Tradition concerning buried church, 133; An old school at, 249; Barring out custom at, 252 Armathwaite, Gibbeting of Whitfield at, 94 Armboth Hall, Skulls at, 147 "Web-stone at, 237 Armour in churches, 13, 34 Assessors of bread and ale, 89 Assize incident, A curious, 7 Atkinson, Execution of Captain, 97 Bampton, Arrangement of families in church, 53; Punishment of Quakers, 107-109 Barguest, The, 141 Barring out custom at school, 252-255 Barton, Probable fortified church at, 34; Curious manorial custom at, 80 Beacons, 10-13 Beating the bounds, 227 Bees, Telling the, 138 Beetham Church, Penance at, 111 Bell-gate at Dalston, 238 Bell-horses, 217, 238 Bell legends, 132 Bell, Mayor of Wreay’s old silver, 201 Bells, Carlisle racing, 191 Bishop of Carlisle and cock-fighting, 195 Bishops excommunicated, 100 Bishops, Fighting, 22-28 Blackmail rent, 75 Bode, bodesmen, bodeword, bode-hill, 14 Boggles, 139 Bongate—A reminder of serfdom, 66 Boon services, 76-79 Bootle, Beacon at, 15 Border service, 9-16, 68-70, 229 Bridekirk, Excommunication at, 101 Brigham, Fortified church at, 33 Brough, Probable fortified church at, 34; Church font in private grounds, 50; Holly Night at, 205 Brougham, Curious horn at, 73; Countess’s Pillar at, 223 Bull and boar, Obligation to keep, 87 Bull-baiting, 195 Burgh Barony Cup, Races for, 190 Burgh-by-Sands, Fortified church at, 30 Burrell Green, Luck of, 151 Burton, Curious dispute at, 40 “Burying the old wife” custom, 233 Calgarth skulls, 146 Caldbeck, Manorial customs at, 83 Carleton—A reminder of serfdom, 65 Carlisle, Watch and ward at, 19; Cathedral, Rioting in, 37; Cathedral used as a prison, 37; Charter Horn at, 74; Pillory and stocks at, 124; Racing Bells, 191 Cartmell Church, Troops quartered in, 37 Carriage money service, 89 Castleward, Service of, 71 Charms, 136 Charter Horn at Carlisle, 74 Chimney and hearth tax, 182-186 Church curiosities, 38-63; Stock, 51, 52; Holding manorial courts in, 58; Dog-whippers in, 60-63; Legends, 131-133, 139; Fined for not going to, 226 Churchwardens’ duties, 51, 52, 107, 108, 226; Selection of, 245 Churchyards, Keeping swine out of, 60; Announcing sales in, 158 Churches, Fortified, 28-37; Armour in, 13, 34; Division of sexes in, 53; Seating arrangements in, 51; Swallowed by the earth, 131-132 Churning, Superstitions about, 137 Christmas festivals, 202 Clergy, Old-time, 40-46 Clergymen as publicans, 41; as schoolmasters, 248-252 Cliburn, A probable fortified church at, 34 Clifton, Old school-days at, 251 Clogs, 171 Cloth searchers, 164 “Clothe Dightinge,” 163 Coaching days, The old, 213-216 Coals carried on horse-back, 217 Cockermouth tolls dispute, 83; Old manorial officers at, 90 Cock-fighting, 192-195, 201, 242 Cockpenny, 242, 243 Corby Castle, Radiant Boy of, 146 Cordwainers, Rules for, 164 Cornage, Service of, 15, 69, 70, 73 Coronation festivities, 205 Corryhole at Great Salkeld Church, 32 Councils, Old Parish, 230-232 Countess’s Pillar at Brougham, 223 County guinea incident near Penrith, 20 Courts in church, Holding, 58 Courts, Old, 58, 90, 181 Crack Nut Sunday, 225 Croglin, Manorial customs at, 82 Crosby Garrett, A probable fortified church at, 33 Crosby-on-Eden, Old school-days at, 249 Crosby Ravensworth Church, Keeping dogs out of, 61 Cross Fell, Legend of, 132 Crosthwaite, Rivalry between Cockermouth and, 157 “Culyet,” 52 Cumin tenure, 85 Cumwhitton, Manorial customs at, 82 Curfew Bell, Ringing the, 238 Customs, Old, 223-239; Old School, 240-255 Dacre Church, Curious custom at, 55 Dalston Church, Whipping dogs from, 61-62; Holy well at, 207 “Dalston Black-reeds,” 194 Dearham Church tower used as a beacon, 32 Death stroke superstition, 137 Dissenters, Punishment of, 107-109 Dog-laws at Egremont, Old, 87 Dog-whippers in church, 60-63 Downies and Uppies at Workington, 200 Drengage tenements, 66 Drenges, 66 Dress, Old-time, 171-173 Drigg, Manorial customs at, 82 Drunkards, Punishment of, 119-121 Edenhall, Church tower used as a beacon, 13; Manorial customs at, 81; A possible plague stone at, 237 Eden Hall, Luck of, 148 Egremont, Manorial customs at, 77, 87, 90 Epidemics, Old-time, 235-238 Excommunication and penance, 98-119 Executions, Wholesale, for political offences, 97 Expeditious wagons, 216 Fairies, 137 Fairs, Old laws concerning, 155; Churchyard, 155-158 Farleton Knott beacon, 13 Festivities and sports, Old, 188-208 Fighting Bishops and Fortified Churches, 22-37 Firebote, 75 Fire, Old methods for quenching, 186 “First-foot” superstition, 147 Flimby, Old tenure at, 71 Fonts in private grounds, 50-51 Food-stuffs, Old-time, 174-178 Fools, Old-time, 232 Football, 199-200, 243 Forest Court at Hesket, 69, 73 Forestalling and regrating, Laws against, 165-167, 169 Fortified churches, 28-37 Foster-oats, An old manorial rent, 78 Free-bench, 81 Furth-neets at Orton and Ravenstonedale, 228-229 Gallows Hills, 94, 98 Gambling, Punishment for, 115 Gaol-life, Old-time, 122 Ghosts, 142-143 Giant’s Cave Sunday, 207 Giant’s Thumb at Penrith, 124 Gibbeting of criminals, 94-97 Gilcrux, Old tenure at, 70 Glassonby, Manorial customs at, 80 Glove service, 72 God’s penny custom, 83 “Gospel side” of a church, 54 Gowrie Plot celebration, 203 Great Salkeld, Fortified church at, 31 Greenhue rent, 77 Greystoke, Anchorites at, 46; Sanctuary stone at, 115; “Pelican in her piety” at, 58; Church miserere used as church sign at, 58; Manorial customs at, 78, 80; Penance at, 113; Excommunication at, 101; Foot stocks at, 124; Gowrie Plot celebration at, 203; Gunpowder Plot celebration at, 203 Guilds and old trade societies, 162-4 Gunpowder Plot celebration, 203 Hack-pudding, 227 Halts, 218 “Hanging days,” The, 123 Hanging, drawing, and quartering, 91, 97, 98 Harcla, The execution of Sir Andrew de, 91 Hawk service, The, 69, 70 Hawkshead, Dog-whippers at, 63 Hayton paupers hired to contractors, 234 Hedge-lookers, 89 Helton, Old Council at, 231 Heriots, 79, 85, 100 Hesket Thorn Court, 70, 73 Holme Cultram, Abbey of, also a fortress, 29; Petition of inhabitants to Cromwell, 29; Curious dispute at, 39; Old-time school life at, 244 Holy bell at Ravenstonedale, 114 Holy wells, 206-208 Holly Night at Brough, 205 Homage, Service of, 15, 65 Horn tenures, 73 Hospitals, Old-time, 211, 212 House-boot, 76, 82 House in two parishes, 228 Inglewood Forest, 70, 73, 74, 197, 212 Ireby, Manorial customs at, 77 Irthington, Old school-days at, 249 Jesters, Old-time, 232 Journeys, Some noteworthy old-time, 209-221 Judges, Perils of the King’s, 212 Kaber Rigg Rising, The, 98 Kattstick and Bullvett, 199 Kendal, Scolds’ bridle at, 115; Punishments at, 115-121; Watch and ward at, 17-19; Parson of moiety of church of, 38; Church incident at, 35-37; Bowmen, 198; Barring out custom at, 254 Kentmere, Reminders of Border service at, 229 Keswick, Bull-baiting at, 195; endowed school, 245 Kirkby Lonsdale, Church inscription at, 47; Bridge legend, 133; Sale of church font, 51 Kirkby Stephen, Curious tithe custom at, 56; A probable fortified church at, 34; Burial of Sir Andrew de Harcla at, 94; Fair, Proclamation at, 160; School ordinances, 240 Kirkby Thore, Penance at, 112 Kirkland, Unusual tenure at, 85 Kirkoswald, Curious church tower at, 47; Bull-baiting at, 195; Old manorial measures at, 160 Knitters, Famous, 228 Knur and spell, 199 Lancaster, Execution and gibbeting of Thomas, 95 Lanercost Abbey, Tragic origin of, 111 Langdale, Curate of, as alehouse keeper, 41 Langwathby Church, Armour in, 13, 34 Lawyers, Restrictions upon, 167 Leather searchers, 89 Legend of St. Bega, 131; Kirksanton, 131; Fisherty Brow, 132; Arlecdon, 133; Kirkby Lonsdale Bridge, 133; Concerning wolves, 135; Warthol Hall, 135; Calgarth skulls, 146; Armboth Hall, 147; Machell family, 142; Radiant Boy of Corby, 146 Legends and Superstitions, Some, 131-147 Leper windows, 45-46; Hospitals, 46 Lepers in Cumberland and Westmorland, 45-46 Levens, Luck of, 153 Levens Radish Feast, 208 Life in the old gaols, 122 Little Salkeld, Desecration of church at, 58 Long Marton, An infant rector of, 39 Lucks, 148-154 Manorial laws, 64-90 Market bells, 167 Markets and fairs customs, 155-168 Maskers, 202 Meat selling at church doors, 156; On Sundays, 165; Bequest, A, 177 Milling laws, Old, 76, 82, 83 Mill lookers, 89 Millom, Manorial jurisdiction at, 64; Penance at, 112 Minstrel galleries, Old, 181 Miracle workers, Supposed, 138 Mock Mayors, 200 Moor lookers, 89 Moota, Beacon at, 14 Morland, Manorial custom at, 75, 82 Mortuary rights of the Church, 100 Multuring, 83, 84 Muncaster, Luck of, 149 Musgrave Church font in private grounds, 50 Needfire superstition, 143-146 Newbiggin (Dacre), Curious custom at, 79 Newton Arlosh, Fortified church at, 30 Night watch, 245 Nunnery, Privileges of prioress and nuns of, 67 Nutgeld service, 71 Nut Monday, 225 Nutting days, School, 255 Old-time Home Life, 169-187 Old-time school life, 240-255 “Orders of the Watch,” 11 Ormside, A probable fortified church at, 33 Orton, Probable fortified church at, 33; Sworn men at, 230; Stocks, 125 Pack-horses, 209, 210, 217, 219, 220, 221, 238 Parsonby, Manorial customs at, 77 Paupers hired to contractors, 234 Peat silver, 78 Peculiar contrivances, 171 Penance, Excommunication and, 98-119 Penrith Beacon, 12, 13 Penrith Church font in private grounds, 50; Plague-stones at, 235-237; Excommunication at, 103; Stocks and pillory at, 124; Races, 192-194; Badge of poverty at, 235 Penrith Fell, Ludicrous incident on, 27; Burial of excommunicates on, 104 Penthouses at Orton, 229 Peppercorn rents, 87 Pie Poudre Court at Kirkby Stephen, 161 Pillar, Countess’s, 223 Pillions, Riding on, 217, 220 Pillory and stocks, 124, 125 Plague-stones, Old, 235-238 Plumpton, Manorial custom at, 82 Plowbote, 75 Poor people let out to contractors, 234 Porridge, A tribute to the value of, 169 Posset cups, 202 Pot fairs, 156 Poverty, The badge of, 235 Proclamations at fairs, 160-162 Punishments, Old-time, 91-129 Quakers, Punishment of, 107-109 Racing, Curiosities in horse, 190-193 Radiant Boy of Corby Castle, 146 Radish Feast at Levens, 208 Rapier dancers, 202 Ravenglass, Proclamation of fair at, 161 Ravenstonedale, Holding a Court in church at, 58; Sanctuary bell at, 114; Penance at, 110; Stocks at, 125 Rebel’s Cap at Kendal, 35 Rector, An infant, 39 Refuge bell at Ravenstonedale, 114 Renwick tithe exemption, Curious, 88 Riding the stang at Ambleside, 128 Road, On the, 209-222 “Robin the Devil’s” escapade, 35-37 Rod, Surrendering by the, 247 Rose tenure, 70, 72 Rowan tree superstition, 137 Running Gressom, 85 Rush-bearing custom, 224 Rushes and bents for churches, 59-61 Rushes, Curious belief about, 170 Rushlights, Old-time, 170 Sacrilege, Punishment at Appleby for, 113 Sales in churchyards, Announcing, 158 Salmon, Abundance and cheapness of, 177; as apprentices’ food, 178 Sanctuary at Ravenstonedale, 114; Nunnery, 115; Greystoke, 115 Scale Houses, Peculiar tithe exemption at, 88 Scholars’ badge of poverty at Penrith, 235 School customs, Old, 240-255 Schools in churches, 248-251 Schoolmasters, Old-time, 240-255 Scolds’ bridles, 115 Seawake, Service of, 15, 71 Sebergham, A protest in rhyme at, 48; School in a mud hut at, 248 Sexton, A female, 45 Shearing days, 203 Sheriffesses of Westmorland, 2-4 Sheriffs’ law suits with Appleby burgesses, 6 Sheriffwick, An Unparalleled, 1-8 Shrovetide festival at Wreay, 201 Silver-penny fines, 79 Skirsgill well custom, An old, 206 Skirwith, Manorial customs at, 76 Snow on Midsummer’s Day, Legend of, 131 Soar-hawk tenure, 69 Sparket Mill, Peculiar obligation at, 86 Sports and Festivities, Old, 188-208 Spur service, 71, 72 Stang, Riding the, at Ambleside, 128 St. Bega, Legend of, 131 Steading stone at Thirlmere, 121 Stirrup tenure, 68 Stocks, 124, 125 Stockings, Curious method of treating, 171 Sunday markets, 156-158 Sunday observance, 225-226 Superstitions and Legends, 131-147 Surrendering by the rod, 247 Swine in churchyards, 60; Ringers, 89 Tailors, Rules for, 164 Tea, Curious methods of dealing with, 178 Telling the bees, 138 Tenures, Curiosities of, 64-90, 247 Thirlmere, Steading stone at, 121 Threlkeld, Manorial customs at, 76 Timber-lode, 75 Tithe exemption, Curious, 88 Toll-free, Rights of tenants and burgesses to go, 67 Tolls, An old dispute about, 83 “Tom Candlestick,” 170 Toothache, Charm for, 136 Torpenhow, Old Council at, 230-244 Town and village watch and ward, 16-21 Trading Laws and Customs, Old 155-168 Traditions, 131-147 Troutbeck dole custom at Dacre, 55 Troutbeck (Windermere), Manorial jurisdiction at, 64 Tummel wheel’d carts, 218 Uppies and Downies at Workington, 200 Village schoolmasters, Old-time, 244-253 Waberthwaite Church, Dog-whippers at, 63 Warthol, Watching station at, 14 "Hall, Legend concerning, 135 Warwick, Old school-days at, 249 Watch and Ward, 9-21 Watch, Orders of the, 11 Watermillock, Manorial custom at, 81; Head Jurie, 51, 231 Webstone at Armboth, The, 238 Well festivals, 206-208 Wetheral, Manorial customs at, 78 Whipping of criminals, Public, 124-128 Whitbeck, Old customs at, 227 Whitehaven, Society of Archers, 198; Watch and ward at, 19; Public whipping at, 125 Whittlegate, The old custom of, 43, 44, 251 Wigton, Curious epitaph at, 157; Selling meat at parish church, 156 Wine, Curiosities concerning church, 54-55 Witch, Drowning of a supposed, 91; Mary Baynes, the Orton, 139; Lizzy Batty, the Brampton, 141 Witness man, Service of, 15 Woful Bank, Legend concerning, 135 Women as judges, 2 Workington Easter football play, 200 Wotobank, Legend concerning, 135 Wreay, Mock mayoral festivities at, 201 Wreck of the sea privilege at Millom, 84 Wrestling, 188-190

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Bygone Punishments.

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The Miracle Play in England.

An Account of the Early Religious Drama.

By SIDNEY W. CLARKE, Barrister-at-Law.

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Legal Lore: Curiosities of Law and Lawyers.

Edited by WILLIAM ANDREWS.

Demy, Cloth extra, 7s. 6d.

Contents:—Bible Law—Sanctuaries—Trials in Superstitious Ages—On Symbols—Law under the Feudal System—The Manor and Manor Law—Ancient Tenures—Laws of the Forest—Trial by Jury in Old Times—Barbarous Punishments—Trials of Animals—Devices of the Sixteenth Century Debtors—Laws Relating to the Gipsies—Commonwealth Law and Lawyers—Cock-Fighting in Scotland—Cockieleerie Law—Fatal Links—Post-Mortem Trials—Island Laws—The Little Inns of Court—Obiter—Index.

“There are some very amusing and curious facts concerning law and lawyers. We have read with much interest the articles on Sanctuaries, Trials in Superstitious Ages, Ancient Tenures, Trials by Jury in Old Times, Barbarous Punishments, and Trials of Animals, and can heartily recommend the volume to those who wish for a few hours’ profitable diversion in the study of what may be called the light literature of the law.”—Daily Mail.

Divine Song in its Human Echo.

Or, Song and Service.

A Series of Short, Plain Sermons on Old-Fashioned Hymns.

By the REV. J. GEORGE GIBSON.

Crown, Cloth gilt, 7s. 6d.

“This volume contains thirty-seven sermons on old-fashioned hymns, and when we say that each discourse averages about ten octavo pages, printed in good-sized type, it will be seen that they are entitled to be called short. The Rector of Ebchester is an adept at the production of short sermons, and the line he has adopted in this instance is an extremely happy one. It is a conception that appeals to a great multitude, and the hymns which give the cue to the reflections form a large variety of well-known spiritual songs, the favourites, indeed, in communities of every name. Some of the sermons, indeed, most of them, have been prepared for anniversaries and special occasions, and all are such as might be expected from a man who is an undoubted lover of hymns. Their brevity excludes prolixity, and terse summaries of facts, sharp statements of doctrine, succinctness of argument, and directness of appeal characterise the whole.”—Newcastle Daily Leader.

Footnotes:

[1] Paper communicated by Sir G. Duckett, July, 1879.

[2] “Sir Ewain; or, the Giant’s Cave.” Penrith, 1860.

[3] Historical Manuscripts Commissioners’ Ninth Report.

[4] At Kirkby Stephen, September, 1871.

[5] “Annals of Kendal,” 1832.

[6] 8th series, vol. 9, 1896.

[7] “Survey of the Lakes,” 1789.

[8] Sayer.

[9] Sayer.

[10] “Bygone Punishments,” 1898.

[11] “History and Traditions of Ravenstononedale,” 1877.

[12] “Beneath Helvellyn’s Shade,” 1892.

[13] At Cockermouth, October 10th, 1867.

[14] The Rev. E. H. Sugden’s “History of Arlecdon and Frizington,” 1897.

[15] “Craven and North-West Yorkshire Highlands.”

[16] “Traditions of Lancashire.”

[17] Carlisle Journal, May, 1895.

[18] “Church Treasury of History, Custom, and Folk Lore,” 1897.

[19] “The Manners and Customs of Westmorland, etc., in the Former Part of the Eighteenth Century.”

[20] “Romantic Richmondshire,” 1897.

[21] “The Parish Registers of Dalston,” 1893.

[22] “Survey of the Lakes,” by James Clarke. Penrith, 1789.