INDEX.

Allen, Ethan, takes Ticonderoga, 17; goes before Montgomery, 19.

Arnold, Benedict, marches to Canada, 19; takes command of our flotilla, and fights the enemy, 22; 25, note; sent to relieve Fort Stanwix, and does it by a stratagem, 92; part at Bemis' Heights, 112; storms the enemy's intrenchments, 121, 122; wounded, 122.

Batten-Kill, British take post at, 70, 87.

Baum, Frederic, commands British expedition to Bennington, and marches, 70; composition of his force, 70; hears the Americans are waiting for him, 75; notifies Burgoyne, and goes on, 75; discovers Stark, and intrenches himself on the Walloomsac, 78, 81; defeated, 83, 132.

Bennington, Vt.; Burgoyne's plan to seize stores at, 68; Baum marches for, 72; Battle of Bennington, 83, 84, 85; trophies of, 85; 86, note; results of the battle, 88, 89.

Bemis' Heights; position of the army described, 99; battle of September 19, 106, 107, 108, 111; 112, note.

Bouquet River; Burgoyne halts at, 37.

Brant, Joseph, at Oriskany, 91; 94, note.

Breyman, Heinrich C., posted in support of Baum, 70; marches to Baum's aid, 81; his slowness fatal to Baum, 84; defeated, and badly cut up, 85; his retreat to camp, 89; part in Battle of Bemis' Heights, 105; killed, 122.

Brown, John, attacks Ticonderoga, 114; 115, note.

Burgoyne's Army, composition of, 33, 34; passes Lake Champlain, 35; 36, notes 1 and 2; invests Ticonderoga, 40, 43; fights at Hubbardton, 47, 48; at Fort Anne, 52; joined by loyalists, 61; concentrated, and leaves Skenesborough, 66; arrives at Fort Edward, 66; joined by savages, 66; compelled to halt for provisions, 66, 69; is moved forward to support the expedition to Bennington, 70; falls back after the defeat of Baum, 87; its losses, 88; crosses the Hudson, 102; order of march from Saratoga to Bemis' Heights, 105; slow advance, 105; gives battle to Gates, 106; troops in action, 107; on the defensive, 116; on short rations, 117; inactivity of, 117; ordered to fight Gates again, 118; troops selected, 119; meets defeat, 121; camp assaulted and turned, 122; forms new line, 124; retreats, 127; soldiers dispirited, 129; reaches Saratoga, 129; makes a last stand, 130; its camps, 130; compelled to surrender, 133; numbers at this time, 138.

Burgoyne's Campaign discussed, 10-14; demand for re-enforcements, 11; deficiency of transportation service, 12; cause of failure, 13; plan of, 26-32; results in surrender, 133; effect of it in Europe, especially in France, 140; effect at home, 141; said to have failed through blundering in the War Office, 142.

Burgoyne, John; his personal traits, 9; his plan of campaign, 26 et seq.; his army, 33; his proclamation, 38; aims to cut off St. Clair from Schuyler, 45; takes Skenesborough, 51; follows up his successes, 52; résumé of his campaign thus far, 52; sends Riedesel to Castleton, 61; chooses the Fort Anne route to Albany, 61; his reasons, 62; march obstructed, 65; reaches Fort Edward, 66; plans how to provide for his army, 68; desire to strike New England, 68; orders the expedition to Bennington, 70; how composed, 70; combinations overthrown by Baum's defeat, 87; his losses up to this time, 88; his Indians desert him, 88; compelled to halt again, 90; hears of St. Leger's retreat, 93; his choice of evils, 101; decides to cross the Hudson, 102; marches in search of Gates, 105; order of march, 105; gives battle, 106 et seq.; troops in action, 107; holds his position, but makes no advance, 113; brings on another battle, 118, 119; calls his three best generals to his aid, and commands in person, 119; is defeated, and driven into his works, 121; orders a retreat, 127; finds a force confronting him on the east bank of the Hudson, 128; loses valuable time, 128; burns his baggage, 129; arrives at Saratoga, 129; finds retreat cut off, 131; his camp untenable, 132; surrenders his army, 133; scene described by eyewitnesses, 135, 138.

Canada's alliance desired, 15; invasion of begun, 19; attitude toward the colonies, 25, note.

Carleton, Guy; attitude toward Burgoyne, 11, 12; gains a naval victory over Arnold, 22, 25.

Castleton, Vt.; Riedesel posted there by Burgoyne, 61.

Chambly, Fort; position of, 16; taken by Americans, 19; burnt, 20.

Clinton, Sir Henry, notifies Burgoyne that he is coming to his relief, 116; thinks he is only to make a diversion, 117; 122, note; is near Albany when Burgoyne surrenders, 133; 134, note.

Crown Point, position of, 16; when built, 18, note; Americans fall back to, 20; evacuated, 20; naval battle near, 22.

Diamond Island, unsuccessful attack upon, 114.

Duer's House, Frazer's corps at, 68; British army posted at, 70, 87.

Fellows, John, commands a detachment to watch Burgoyne, 134.

Fishkill Creek, 129; 134, note.

Fort Anne, N. Y.; Americans retreat to, from Skenesborough, 51; Schuyler re-enforces them, 52; combat at, 52; burnt and abandoned, 52; described, 55, note; importance to Burgoyne, 62; neighborhood described, 62, 63.

Fort Edward, position of, 16; Schuyler at, 51; is joined by St. Clair, after Ticonderoga falls, 51; Burgoyne arrives at, 66; Schuyler evacuates it, 66; described, 66, note.

Fort George, position of, 16; Americans evacuate it, 66; and British occupy it, 66.

Fort Oswego, position of, 30.

Fort Stanwix, position of, 30; St. Leger's force, 35; garrisoned and defended, 90, 91; attempt to relieve fails, 91; garrison makes a sally, 92; siege raised, 93; 94, note.

Francis, Ebenezer, covers retreat from Ticonderoga, fights Frazer at Hubbardton, but is killed, 51; 55, note.

Frazer, Simon, commands a corps under Burgoyne, 34, 35; takes Mt. Hope, 40; pursues St. Clair, 46; comes up with the Americans at Hubbardton, and fights them, 47; on the point of defeat is re-enforced, and gains the day, 48; crosses the Hudson, and takes post at Saratoga, 70; recrosses the Hudson, 87; is posted on the right at Bemis' Heights, 105; his force, 107; killed, 121; 123, note; buried, 127; 134, note.

Freeman's Farm, position of, 99; 100, note, 105; first collision at (Sept. 19), 106; second battle at, 120-122.

Gansevoort, Peter, at Fort Stanwix, 90; sallies out upon besiegers, 91; 94, note.

Gates, Horatio, takes command of the Northern Army, 20; his rank, 25, note; supersedes Schuyler, 95; good effect on the army, 97; orders an advance to Stillwater, 97; want of confidence in Arnold a drawback to success, 98; posts the army on Bemis' Heights, 98; note, 99; sends Morgan to feel the enemy, 106; re-enforces in driblets, 108; his camp and army, 115, notes 1 and 2; accepts battle again, 120; is victorious, 121, 122; dilatory pursuit of the enemy, 131; comes up with Burgoyne, 131; dispositions for attacking, 131; receives Burgoyne's surrender, 133.

Herkimer, Nicholas, marches to relieve Fort Stanwix, 91; is waylaid and defeated, 91, 92; dies of his wounds, 92; 94, note.

Hessian Mercenaries, 36, note.

Howe, Sir William, participation in the campaign discussed, 14; driven from Boston, 29; George III. disappointed in him, 29; gets his orders too late, 31.

Hubbardton, Vt., garrison of Ticonderoga retreats to, 44; St. Clair's rearguard overtaken at, 47; battle of, 47, 48, 49.

Johnson, Sir John, at Oriskany, 91; 94, note.

Kosciusko, Thaddeus, marks out the lines on Bemis' Heights, 98; 100, note.

Lake Champlain, the gateway of the north, 16; naval battle on, 22; Burgoyne's advance, 35; shores of, 37; Americans driven from, 51.

Lincoln, Benjamin, sent to Manchester, 74; sketch of, 76, note; makes a raid in Burgoyne's rear, 113; joins Gates, 115; wounded, 128.

Lyman, Phineas, builds Fort Edward, 66.

Manchester, Vt., Warner posted at, 57; rendezvous for militia, 73; Lincoln and Stark at, 74.

Mohawk Valley, plan for invading it, 30, 35.

Montgomery, Richard, leads an army to Canada, 19; killed, 20; sketch of, 25, note.

Morgan's Riflemen, 99, note; attack Burgoyne, 106; part in the battle of October 7, 120, 121.

Mount Independence described, 16; named, 21; Americans retreat from Ticonderoga to, 44.

Mount Defiance, the key of Ticonderoga, 43; seized by Burgoyne's engineers, 43; compels the evacuation of Ticonderoga, 43; retaken by the Americans, 114; 115, note.

Newport, R. I., held by the enemy, 30; Howe's strategy, 60, note.

New York, plans for its invasion, 26, 29, 30; resources of for resisting Burgoyne, 58, 59.

Oriskany, N. Y., Americans marching to Fort Stanwix are defeated at, 91.

Phillips, William, commands Burgoyne's artillery, 34; brings up artillery at Bemis' Heights, 111.

Riedesel, Baron von, commands Burgoyne's German contingent, 34; at Ticonderoga, 40; pursues the retreating Americans, 46; turns defeat to victory at Hubbardton, 48; is posted at Castleton, Vt., 61; falls back to Fort Edward, 86; supports Burgoyne at Bemis' Heights, 111.

Saratoga, occupied by Burgoyne, 70; country below described, 98; Burgoyne's army crosses over to, 102; falls back to, after being defeated, 129; 134, note.

St. Clair, Arthur, commands at Ticonderoga, 39; evacuates it, 43; military record of, 44, note 2; also note 5; marches for Skenesborough, 45; halts at Hubbardton, 46; hears Burgoyne has occupied his proposed line of retreat, and now marches for Bennington, 51; joins Schuyler at Fort Edward, 51; accused of treachery, 58; and ordered to Philadelphia, 60.

St. John's, Fort, position of, 16; taken by Americans, 19; burnt, 20; British build a fleet at, 21.

St. Leger, Barry, combination with Burgoyne, 13; his part, 30, 31; his force, 35, 90; lays siege to Fort Stanwix, 91; Arnold's stratagem compels him to raise the siege, 93; and retreat to Oswego, 93.

Schuyler, Philip, at Fort Edward, 51; St. Clair joins him, 51; sends a force to Fort Anne, 52; military record of, 55, note; holds Warner at Manchester, 57; evacuates Fort Edward on Burgoyne's approach, 66; state of his army, 66; urges Stark to join him, 77; sends Gansevoort to Fort Stanwix, 90; then Arnold, 93; superseded by Gates, 95.

Second Battle of Freeman's Farm, 120-122.

Skenesborough taken by Americans, 17; described, 18, note; made a dockyard, 21; Americans retreat to, from Ticonderoga, 44; set fire to, and abandoned, 51.

Stark, John, appointed to sole command over New Hampshire militia, 74; musters his brigade at Manchester, 74; refuses to join Schuyler, 74; his perplexity, 75; marches to Bennington, 75; sketch of, 76, note; decides to join Schuyler, 77; but hears of the enemy's approach, and sends out scouts, 77; sends for Warner, 78; re-enforced, 81; his force, 82; gains the victory of Bennington, 83; and defeats Breyman also, 84, 85; at Fort Edward, 132.

Stillwater, position of the American army described, 98.

Ticonderoga, position of described, 16; taken by Americans, 17; 18, note; Montgomery there, 19; Burgoyne's landing, 39; garrison of, 40; invested by Burgoyne, 40, 43; evacuated, 44; effects of its fall, 56, 57; Americans attack it unsuccessfully, 114.

Trenton, N. J., victory at, 32, note.

Valcour Island, naval battle at, 22.

Vermont, people of addressed by Burgoyne, 38; state of settlements in, 44, note; critical situation of after the fall of Ticonderoga, 57.

Warner, Seth, in command at Hubbardton, 47; 55, note; surprised there, 48; retreats to Bennington, 51; posted at Manchester, 57; his Green Mountain Boys, 57; Stark calls on him for assistance, 77; gets to Bennington in time, 81; attacks Breyman, 84.

Washington, George, sets about retrieving the disaster at Ticonderoga, 60; his views how to retard Burgoyne's march, 73; sends Lincoln to carry them out, 74; his policy vindicated, 85; efforts to strengthen the northern army, 95, 96; considerate treatment of Schuyler, 96.

Transcriber's Note

Some inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document has been preserved.

Typographical errors corrected in the text:

Page 5 126 changed to 124

Page 5 143 changed to 139

Page 143 followes changed to follows

Page 144 Fellow's changed to Fellows